EN BANC

[G.R. No. L-5900. December 22, 1910.]

THE UNITED STATES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. RAMON

HONTIVEROS CARMONA, defendant-appellant.

Mariano Monroy for appellant.

Attorney-General Villamor for appellee.

SYLLABUS

1. "LESIONES GRAVES ;" CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY; PLEA OF

INSANITY. — Without positive proof that the defendant had lost his reason or
was demented, a few moments prior to or during the perpetration of the
crime, it will be presumed that he was in a normal conditions. Acts penalized
by law are always reputed to be voluntary, and it is improper to conclude
that any person acted unconsciously in order to relieve him from
responsibility, on the ground of mental condition, unless his insanity and
absence of will are proved.

DECISION

TORRES, J : p

On the 25th of September, 1908, Ramon Hontiveros Carmona had a

dispute with his mother-in-law, Pontenciana Sales, on account of the latter's
refusal to give him some money which he had asked of her, and the land tax
receipt of a price of property which he intended to mortgage. The defendant
told his mother-in-law that she was a traitress and a conniver, as she
permitted her daughter, Maria Fuentes, Hontivero's wife, to have unlawful
relations with another man. On the 29th of the same month, Hontiveros told
his mother-in-law that if she, of her own accord, would not leave him, he
would leave her. On the night of October 3, 1908, Hontiveros, after a dispute
which he had with his said mother-in-law, which arose through his jealousy
of his wife, Maria Fuentes, assaulted the latter with a bolo, likewise his sister-
in-law, Eusebia and Isabela Fuentes, his aforesaid mother-in-law, Potenciana
Sales, and the servant girl, Felipa Lacro. The wife, Maria, received a wound
in the head and another in the left shoulder. Her nine-months-old child,
which she was carrying at the time she was assaulted, was also slightly
wounded in the forehead. Isabel Fuentes was wounded in the left jaw, as a
result of which she was unable to work for a month. Eusebia Fuentes
suffered a wound in the left forearm and elbow. The mother-in-law,
Potenciana Sales, received a wound in the neck, and, finally, the servant girl,
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 Felipa Lacro, had the lower lobe of the left ear cut in two, causing a visible
deformity. Hontiveros inflicted these wounds without the least provocation
on the part of the injured persons, and without any reason whatever.
The accused attacked his mother-in-law and sister-in-law while they
were eating supper; his wife, on her leaving a room of the house with a child
in her arms, and the servant girl in the kitchen. The wound of Potenciana
Sales, the defendant's mother-in-law, was cured in thirty days; that of Isabel
Fuentes, a sister-in-law of the defendant, in thirty days; that of Eusebia
Fuentes, also a sister-in-law of the defendant, in fifteen days, and that of the
servant girl, who lost the lobe of her left ear, in forty-five days. The wounds
of Maria Fuentes, the aggressor's wife, were cured in about sixty days,
although the one in her head was poorly healed.
By reason of the foregoing facts, and in view of the preliminary
investigation made by the justice of the peace of Jamindan, the provincial
fiscal, on October 15, 1908, filed an information with the Court of First
Instance, charging Ramon Hontiveros Carmona with the crime of lesiones
graves , and this action having been instituted, the judge, upon the evidence
adduced, rendered judgment on the 18th of January, 1909, and sentenced
the defendant, for the most serious crime of the several included in the
information, to the penalty of eight months' prision correccional, to
indemnify Felipa Lacro in the sum of P25, and, in case of insolvency, to
subsidiary imprisonment, and to pay the costs. From this judgment the
defendant appealed.
From the facts related, which were fully proved in the present cause, it
is concluded that several crimes of lesiones graves and menos graves,
provided for and punished by articles 416, Nos. 3 and 4, in relation with the
paragraph immediately following this last number, and 418, of the Penal
Code, were actually committed; and notwithstanding the fact that the
complaint specified five punishable acts executed to the injury of an equal
number of persons, withal it only charged the alleged perpetrator thereof
with one crime of lesiones graves, which must be understood to be either for
the wounds inflicted upon the defendant's wife, or for the one occasioned to
the servant girl, both of which crimes are punished by the penalty of prision
correccional in its minimum and medium degree, pursuant of article 416 of
the Penal Code. Moreover, the crime and the commission thereof were duly
proved by oral evidence, expert testimony, and by other evidence found in
the record.
The defendant pleaded not guilty, and alleged that for some time past
he had been suffering from fever and had not enjoyed good health; he
denied that he had entertained any resentment against his wife, mother-in-
law, and sisters-in-law, or that he was jealous of his wife. He testified that he
did not know that he had assaulted them or the servant girl, or that he had
wounded them with a bolo, and that during the entire day of the 3d of
October, 1908, he had more or less intermittent fever at intervals of a few
hours, and that after he had regained consciousness, which he had lost, and
on realizing his situation, he found himself outside of his house and heard
voices commanding him to surrender his weapon, and that he afterwards
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 learned that his wife's family objected to his returning to his house.
The defendant's counsel, without raising any question as to the actual
commission of the alleged acts, or the allegation that the accused committed
them, confined himself to the statement, in behalf of his client, that on the
night of the crime the defendant was sick with fever and out of his mind and
that in one of his paroxysms he committed the said acts, wounding his wife
and the other members of her family, without any motives whatever.
In the absence of proof that the defendant had lost his reason or
became demented a few moments prior to or during the perpetration of the
crime, it is presumed that he was in a normal condition of mind. It is
improper to conclude that he acted unconsciously, in order to relieve him
from responsibility on the ground of exceptional mental condition, unless his
insanity and absence of will are proven.
The record of the cause does not show full proof that Ramon
Hontiveros, when he assaulted his wife and the other members of her family
with whom she was living under the same roof, was deprived of his reason
and that he did not have knowledge or complete consciousness of all that he
had done. The physicians who examined him nine days after the commission
of the said crimes were unable to state that the defendant was insane and
completely deprived of his reason at the time he assaulted the offended
parties. The mere opinion expressed by the physicians, in hypothetical
terms, in regard to the possible mental condition of the accused and with
respect to the circumstances that some members of the defendant's family
may have been insane, does not tend to prove that the defendant was
insane at the time of the commission of the crime. Acts penalized by law are
always considered to be voluntary, unless the contrary be shown, and by this
rule of law Ramon Hontiveros, by inflicting upon the offended parties the
respective wounds, is considered to have been in a normal, healthy, mental
condition, and no weight can be given to the defendant's allegation of
insanity and lack of reason, which would constitute an exceptional condition;
nor, for lack of evidence, can his state of mind be deemed to have been
abnormal. Wherefore the defendant's guilt is unquestionable as the sole
perpetrator, by direct participation, of the crime of lesiones graves, and it
would not be proper to exempt him from liability.
In the commission of the said crime there is no aggravating
circumstance to be considered, but there is an extenuating circumstance,
that of No. 7 of article 9 of the Penal Code, inasmuch as the defendant acted
under the impulse of jealousy, and therefore the penalty of prision
correccional in its minimum and medium degrees should be imposed upon
him in the minimum degree.
For the foregoing reasons, and as the judgment appealed from is found
to be in accordance with the law, it is proper, in our opinion, to affirm the
same, which we hereby do, with the cost against the appellant who, in
addition, is sentenced to the accessory penalties prescribed by article 61 of
the Penal Code. So ordered.
Arellano, C.J., Johnson, Moreland and Trent, JJ., concur.
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