Advantages: 8th Millennium

7805" and "7812" redirect here. For the years, see 8th millennium.
An assortment of 78XX ICs
The 78xx (sometimes LM78xx) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage

regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits
requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within
the family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example,
the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts). The 78xx line are
positive voltage regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common
ground. There is a related line of 79xx devices which are complementary negative
voltage regulators. 78xx and 79xx ICs can be used in combination to provide positive and
negative supply voltages in the same circuit.
78xx ICs have three terminals and are commonly found in the TO220 form factor,
although smaller surface-mount and larger TO3 packages are available. These devices
support an input voltage anywhere from a couple of volts over the intended output
voltage, up to a maximum of 35 or 40 volts, and typically provide 1 or 1.5 amps of
current (though smaller or larger packages may have a lower or higher current rating).
[edit] Advantages
• 78xx series ICs do not require additional components to provide a constant,
regulated source of power, making them easy to use, as well as economical and
efficient uses of space. Other voltage regulators may require additional
components to set the output voltage level, or to assist in the regulation process.
Some other designs (such as a switching power supply) may need substantial
engineering expertise to implement.
• 78xx series ICs have built-in protection against a circuit drawing too much power.
They have protection against overheating and short-circuits, making them quite
robust in most applications. In some cases, the current-limiting features of the
78xx devices can provide protection not only for the 78xx itself, but also for other
parts of the circuit.
[edit] Disadvantages
• The input voltage must always be higher than the output voltage by some
minimum amount (typically 2 volts). This can make these devices unsuitable for
powering some devices from certain types of power sources (for example,
powering a circuit that requires 5 volts using 6-volt batteries will not work using a
7805).
• As they are based on a linear regulator design, the input current required is always
the same as the output current. As the input voltage must always be higher than
the output voltage, this means that the total power (voltage multiplied by current)
going into the 78xx will be more than the output power provided. The extra input
power is dissipated as heat. This means both that for some applications an
adequate heatsink must be provided, and also that a (often substantial) portion of
the input power is wasted during the process, rendering them less efficient than
some other types of power supplies. When the input voltage is significantly higher
than the regulated output voltage (for example, powering a 7805 using a 24 volt
power source), this inefficiency can be a significant issue.
• Even in larger packages, 78xx integrated circuits cannot supply as much power as
many designs which use discrete components, and are generally inappropriate for
applications requiring more than a few amps of current.
[edit] Individual Devices in the Series

There are common configurations for 78xx ICs, including 7805 (5 volt), 7806 (6 volt),
7808 (8 volt), 7809 (9 volt), 7810 (10 volt), 7812 (12 volt), 7815 (15 volt), 7818 (18
volt), and 7824 (24 volt) versions. The 7805 is common, as its regulated 5 volt supply
provides a convenient power source for most TTL components.
Less common are lower-power versions such as the LM78Mxx series (500mA) and
LM78Lxx series (100mA) from National Semiconductor. Some devices provide slightly
different voltages than usual, such as the LM78L62 (6.2 volts) and LM78L82 (8.2 volts).
[edit] Unrelated Devices
The LM78S40 from National Semiconductor is not part of the 78xx family, and does not
use the same design. It is a component in switching regulator designs, and is not a linear
regulator like other 78xx devices. The 7803SR from Datel is a full switching power
supply module (designed as a drop-in replacement for 78xx chips), and not a linear
regulator like the 78xx ICs.
using 78XX series IC 5Volts to 24volts Voltage Regulators
7815 voltage regulator
15 volts Power Supply
15 volt power supply

The series 7800 regulators provide eight voltage options, ranging from 5 to 24 V. These
ICs are designed as fixed voltage regulators and with adequate heat sinking can deliver
output currents in excess of 1 A. Although these devices do not require any external
component, such components can be employed for providing adjustable voltages and
currents. These ICs also have internal thermal overload protection and internal short-
circuit current limiting. Figure illustrates how one such IC, a 7815, is connected to
provide voltage regulation with output of + 15 V dc from this unit. An unregulated, input
voltage Vin is filtered by capacitor C, and connected to the pin .1 (IN terminal) of IC. The
pin 2 (OUT terminal) of the IC provides a regulated + 15 V which is filtered by capacitor
C2 (mostly for any high frequency noise). The third pin (GND terminal) of the IC is
connected to ground. While the input voltage may vary over some permissible voltage
range, and the output load may vary over some acceptable range, the output voltage
remains constant within specified voltage variation limits. These limitations are
mentioned in the manufacturer’s specification sheet. In addition, the difference between
input and output voltages (Vin- Vout), callec the dropout voltage, must be typically 20 V,
even during the low point on the input ripple voltage. Furthermore, the capacitor C1, is
required if the regulator is located an appreciable distance from a power supply filter.
Even though C2 is not required, it may be used to improve the transient response of the
regulator.
IC 7805 as current source

The connection of a 7815 in a complete supply is shown in figure. The ac line voltage is
stepped down to 24 Vrms across each half of the centre-tapped transformer. A full-wave
rectifier and capacitor filter then provides an unregulated dc voltage with ac ripple of a
few volts as input to the voltage regulator. The 7815 IC then provides an output of + 15 V
dc.
The 7800 regulators can also be employed as current sources. A typical connection
diagram of 7805 IC as a 0.5 A current source is depicted in figure.
The current supplied to the load is given as
IL = VR / R + IQ
when Iq is quiescent current in amperes (4.3 m A typically for the 7805 IC)
In figure, VR = V23 = 5 V and R = 10 ohms
So IL = 5/10 = 0.5A
The output voltage with respect to ground is
Vout = VR + VL
The load resistance, RL = 10 Ohms, therefore VL = 5 V
Thus Vout = VR + VL = 5 + 5 = 10 V Minimum input voltage required,
Vin = Vout + dropout voltage = 10 + 2=12V
Specifications. The specification sheet of fixed positive voltage regulators of 7800 series
is given below. Some considerations of a few of the more important parameters should be
considered.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Input voltage: 40 V
Continuous total power dissipation: 2 W
Operating free-air temperature range : – 65 to 150° C
Output Voltage.
The specification for the 7812 indicates that its nominal output voltage is 12 V but could
be as low as 11.5 V or as high as 12.5 V.
Input or Line Regulation.
The input or line regulation is seen to be typically 3 mV, to a maximum of 120 mV.
Output or Load Regulation.
The output or load regulation is seen to be typically 4 mV to a maximum of 100 mV (for
output currents from 0.25 to 0.75 A). It means that the output voltage can typically vary
only 4 mV from the rated 12 V dc.
Short-circuit Output Current. The amount of current is limited to 350 m A if the output
were to be short-circuited (may be by accident or by another faulty component). Peak
Output Current. The typical peak output current that might be drawn from the supply is
2.2 A against rated maximum current of 1.5 A. It indicates that though the IC is rated as
capable of providing 1.5 A, but somewhat more current can be drawn (possibly for a
short duration of time).
Dropout Voltage. The dropout voltage, typically 2 V, is the minimum amount of voltage
across the input-output terminals that is required to be maintained if the IC is to operate
as a regulator. In case the input voltage falls too low or the output rises so that at least 2
V is not maintained across the input-output terminals of IC, the IC will no longer provide
voltage regulation. So input voltage is maintained large enough to ensure that the dropout
voltage is provided.
Read more: http://alectronics.blogspot.com/2011/02/using-78xx-series-ic-5volts-to-

24volts.html#ixzz1JaYdfUiM
Voltage regulation through Fixed Voltage Regulator IC is the most suitable

method.78xx series positive and negative regulators are widely used to get fixed voltage
to drive loads. Here explains a circuit design to get regulated voltage from a 12 volt 500
mA power supply .This circuit can deliver 5 volts at 300 mA for driving a load. The
circuit is Voltage and Current regulated and with Polarity and Surge protection
components.
The circuit uses a Positive Voltage regulator IC 7805 to give 5 volt regulated output. The
components around IC1 are meant for protecting the IC so as to give smooth output
power. Zener diode ZD act as the Input Surge protecting diode. It provides 7.2 volts to
the input of the regulator IC from the 12 volt power supply. Diode D1 is the Output
Surge and Input Short protecting diode.
Regulator IC
When a surge voltage exceeding maximum voltage rating of the regulator is applied to
the input or when a voltage in excess of the input voltage is applied to the output, the
regulator will be destroyed. If the input terminal shorts with the ground, the output
voltage increases above the input voltage(ground potential)and the charge in the capacitor
connected to the output flows into the input side which is also fatal to the regulator. Both
these situations can be avoided by using the Zener at the input and the diode D1 across
the regulator. Capacitor C1 and C2 provides stability to the regulator and these should be
soldered close to the legs of the regulator. Capacitor C3 acts as a buffer to give constant
voltage in the output.
Voltage Regulator Circuit
7805 IC can tolerate maximum 35 volts and its current rating is 1 Amps maximum.
Resistor R1 restricts the charging current to around 330 mA(0.33A) as per the Ohms
law. By increasing or decreasing the value of R1, output current can be varied. Use the
formula V/ A .
Although the 78xx series of voltage regulators are available with different current outputs, you can boost
the available current output with this circuit. A power transistor is used to supply extra current to the load
the regulator, maintaining a constant voltage. Currents up to 650mA will flow through the regulator, above
this value and the power transistor will start to conduct, supplying the extra current to the load.
This should be on an adequate heat sink as it is likely to get rather hot. Suppose you use a
12v regulator, 7812. The input voltage should be a few volts higher to allow for voltage
drops. Assume 20 volts. Lets also assume that the load will draw 5amps. The power
dissipation in the transistor will be Vce * Ic or (20-12)*8=40watt.
It may keep you warm in the Winter, but you will need a large heatsink with good
thermal dissipation.
If you want to increase the output current with a negative regulator, such as the 79xx
series, then the circuit is similar, but an NPN type power transistor is used instead.

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7805" and "7812" redirect here. For the years, see 8th millennium.

An assortment of 78XX ICs

The 78xx (sometimes LM78xx) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage

[edit] Individual Devices in the Series

[edit] Unrelated Devices

7815 voltage regulator

15 volts Power Supply

15 volt power supply

IC 7805 as current source

Read more: http://alectronics.blogspot.com/2011/02/using-78xx-series-ic-5volts-to-

Voltage regulation through Fixed Voltage Regulator IC is the most suitable

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