What was one of Pliny the Elder's important contributions to the development of

art history?
 a.)
He was the first to take a biographical approach to art history.
 b.)
He was the first to associate art with its cultural context.
 c.)
He was the first to include historical descriptions of art.
 d.)
He was the first to see "Dark Ages" as a period of artistic decline.

What was one of Giorgio Vasari's important contributions to the development of

art history?
 a.)
He saw the Classical and Renaissance periods as periods of artistic achievement.

 b.)
He was the first to associate art with its cultural context.
 c.)
He was the first historian to discuss art in detail.
 d.)
He wrote Lives of the Artists.
What was one of Petrarch's important contributions to the development of art
history?
 a.)
He was the first individual to formally document works of art.
 b.)
He was the first to propose the idea of a regional or national style to art.
 c.)
He proposed the idea that there are distinct times of cultural and artistic growth.
 d.)
He invented the Renaissance in Italy.

Which of the following statements about an artist is true?

 a.)
An artist's collective body of work is known as a gallery.
  b.)
An artist's collective body of work is known as an oeuvre.
 c.)
An artist's collective body of work is known as a canon.
 d.)
An artist's collective body of work is known as a masterpiece.
Which of the following statements about an artist is true?
 a.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
scholar.
 b.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
connoisseur.
 c.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as an
art historian.
 d.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
genius.
Which of the following statements about an artist is true?
 a.)
The role of the artist is more or less the same in all cultures.
 b.)
The western idea of an artist doesn't exist in every culture.
 c.)
Every artist is a genius.
 d.)
Artwork can only be evaluated if the artist is known.
 b.)Correct.
This is correct. In many societies, ceremonial or functional objects do not have aesthetic
value, and the people who produce them are not considered to be artists.

Which of the following best defines originality as it relates to works of art?

 a.)
The idea that a work of art is the result of an artist's unique vision, even if it is somehow
influenced by other works of art.
 b.)
 The idea that a work of art is the result of an artist's unique vision, and not of outside
influences.
 c.)
A fresh artistic approach to an old artistic idea.
 d.)
The idea that all artwork is in some way influenced by other works of art, except ancient
works of art.
Which of the following statements about an artist is true?
 a.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
scholar.
 b.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
connoisseur.
 c.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as an
art historian.
 d.)
An artist who is exceptionally talented at creating works of aesthetic value is known as a
genius.
 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a genius, so this statement is true.

Which of the following best describes a masterpiece?

 a.)
A work of outstanding skill or artistry.
 b.)
A work of marginal skill or artistry.
 c.)
A work of art made by a master.
 d.)
A work of art made only by a well-known artist.
 c.)Incorrect.
A masterpiece is a work of outstanding skill or artistry, but it can be created by any artist,
not just one considered to be a master.

 a.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a masterpiece.
How is a work of art different than an artifact?
 a.)
An artifact is an object of outstanding skill or artistry, and a work of art is an object
designed only for its aesthetic appeal.
 b.)
An artifact is an object made by a human being, and a work of art is an object made by an
artist.
 c.)
An artifact is an object made by a human being and is of historical or cultural interest,
and a work of art just looks nice.
 d.)
Both are made by human beings; however, a work of art is especially designed for its
aesthetic appeal, or is an object that has come to be appreciated as a work of art.
 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a work of art. An artifact is also made by a human being,
but it does not necessarily have aesthetic appeal.

Which of the following best defines originality as it relates to works of art?

 a.)
The idea that a work of art is the result of an artist's unique vision, even if it is somehow
influenced by other works of art.
 b.)
The idea that a work of art is the result of an artist's unique vision, and not of outside
influences.
 c.)
A fresh artistic approach to an old artistic idea.
 d.)
The idea that all artwork is in some way influenced by other works of art, except ancient
works of art.
 b.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of originality.

Which of the following is a modern form of patronage?

 a.)
The Tate Museum
 b.)
The National Endowment for the Arts
  c.)
The Nobel Peace Prize
 d.)
The Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)

 b.)Correct.
The National Endowment for the Arts is a fellowship established to provide financial
support for the creation of works of art. This is a type of patronage.

Which of the following was a historically notable and important patron-artist

relationship?
 a.)
Richard I of England and Leonardo da Vinci
 b.)
King Philip IV of Spain and Donatello
 c.)
Emperor Constantine I and Raphael
 d.)
Pope Julius II and Raphael
 d.)Correct.
This is correct. The painter Raphael created many works of art under the patronage of
Pope Julius II.

Which of the following is the best description of how patrons have influenced the
production of works of art?
 a.)
Patrons sell works of art, providing income for artists and allowing them to produce more
works of art.
 b.)
Patrons only ever provide money for the production of works of art, and always leave it
to the artists to decide on the subject matter of the artwork that's produced.
 c.)
Patrons commission works of art for production, and influence the design of the artwork
based on their personal preferences.
 d.)
Patrons had a major influence on works of art during the Middle Ages in Europe, but
weren't that influential on works of art during the Renaissance.
 c.)Correct.
 This is correct. A patron is a person who pays for a work of art to be created, and he or
she can have a say in how the work of art is designed.

Which of the following is the best description of how patrons have influenced the
production of works of art?
 a.)
Patrons sell works of art, providing income for artists and allowing them to produce
more works of art.
 b.)
Patrons only ever provide money for the production of works of art, and always leave
it to the artists to decide on the subject matter of the artwork that's produced.
 c.)
Patrons commission works of art for production, and influence the design of the
artwork based on their personal preferences.
 d.)
Patrons had a major influence on works of art during the Middle Ages in Europe, but
weren't that influential on works of art during the Renaissance.
 c.)Correct.
This is correct. A patron is a person who pays for a work of art to be created, and he or
she can have a say in how the work of art is designed.

Which of the following was a historically notable and important patron-artist

relationship?
 a.)
Richard I of England and Leonardo da Vinci
 b.)
King Philip IV of Spain and Donatello
 c.)
Emperor Constantine I and Raphael
 d.)
Pope Julius II and Raphael
 d.)Correct.
This is correct. The painter Raphael created many works of art under the patronage of
Pope Julius II.

Select the true statement about New Art History.

 a.)
 New Art History developed because traditional art history was only useful in analyzing
works of art created outside of Europe.
 b.)
New Art History developed because traditional art history wasn't very useful when
analyzing classical works of art.
 c.)
New Art History developed because traditional art history was limited in its ability to
fairly critique and analyze emerging art forms of the 20th century. 
 d.)
New Art History was the only way to analyze new works of art that emerged during the
19th and 20th centuries.
 c.)Correct.
This is correct. Traditional art history focused more on formal analysis and
connoisseurship, and new art forms in the 20th century often rejected the emphasis on
formal characteristics and the identity of the artist. This meant that new methodologies
had to be created for evaluating works of art.

Select the true statement about New Art History.

 a.)
New Art History is a revisionist approach to art history that emerged during the
1800s, and discredits earlier methodologies or approaches to art history.

 b.)
New Art History and traditional art history share the same canon.
 c.)
New Art History emphasizes connoisseurship, while the traditional art history
approach emphasized using art as a form of social activism.
 d.)
New Art History involves a revisionist approach which emerged during the 1970s and
questions earlier methods, while connoisseurship relies on recognition of elements of
an artist's personal style.

 d.)Correct.
This correctly reflects the definitions of New Art History and connoisseurship. 

Select the true statement about New Art History.

 a.)
 The canon of art history is an evolving body of works of art. As time progresses, the
canon of art history continues to be added to.
 b.)
Traditional art history focused more heavily on formal analysis, while New Art
History heavily emphasizes connoisseurship.
 c.)
New Art History developed as a way to isolate analysis of a piece of art to focus
solely on its physical characteristics.
 d.)
Traditional art history focuses on Western art and New Art History focuses on non-
Western art.
 a.)Correct.
This is correct. The canon of art history includes works of art that are considered to be
most important. As artists find new approaches and methodologies for creating works of
art, their works can be added to the existing canon.

Select the statement that describes art appreciation.

 a.)
Emily enjoys a work of art she sees at a museum without considering its context or
history.
 b.)
While studying a painting depicting a war, Theresa considers how religion and politics
had an effect on how the artist illustrated the scene.
 c.)
Sam studies a work of art to consider the larger social context involved.
 d.)
Erin strives to understand the story behind a work of art she was drawn to.
 a.)Correct.
This is correct. Art appreciation means assessing a work of art based on how it looks
rather than considering its wider context.

Select the statement that describes art appreciation.

 a.)
Katherine examines a piece of art from the 1600s, and thinks about what else was going
on in society at the time that may have influenced the artist.
 b.)
 Matthew examines a painting from ancient Roman times, and thinks about how religion
or politics of the time may have influenced the artist's choices.
 c.)
Maggie enjoys how her favorite painting looks, but wants to better understand the history
behind it.
 d.)
Derek doesn't really understand the story behind a piece of art his wife bought, but he
thinks it looks nice in their living room.
 d.)Correct.
This is correct. Art appreciation focuses on the formal and visual characteristics of a
work of art and does not consider the wider context.

Select the statement that describes art history.

 a.)
Kelly critiques a work of art based only on the visual characteristics of the piece.
 b.)
Casey relies only on concepts like composition, knowledge of color, and geometry to
understand a work of art.
 c.)
Marta considers the context and larger meaning of a work of art that she finds appealing.
 d.)
Miguel likes the work of art he sees hanging in a museum, but is not interested in the
history of the piece.
 b.)Incorrect.
You seem to be thinking of art appreciation, which involves assessing a work of art based
only on what you see. Art history tries to understand why a work of art might be
important in a wider social or historical context.

 c.)Correct.
This is correct. Art history tries to understand why a work of art might be important in a
wider social or historical context, instead of just evaluating the physical appearance of the
work..

Brian and Sarah are looking at two paintings, each by a different artist. They begin a discussion,
describing the similarities and differences between the two paintings.

This would be an example of __________.

 a.)
Connoisseurship
  b.)
Formal analysis
 c.)
Contextual analysis
 d.)
Comparison and contrast
 d.)Correct.
This example correctly describes comparison and contrast.

Which of the following best describes formal analysis?

 a.)
Understanding works of art by considering their religious qualities
 b.)
Understanding works of art by considering the experience of the artist
 c.)
Understanding works of art by considering their philosophical qualities
 d.)
Understanding works of art by considering their physical qualities
 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of formal analysis.

Which of the following is a technique for analyzing works of art?

 a.)
Patronage
 b.)
Understanding context
 c.)
Cultural studies
 d.)
Art appreciation
 b.)Correct.
Correct. Analyzing a work of art often includes trying to understand the context in which
it was created.

Select the two careers that require knowledge of art history. 

 a.)
 Food Critic
 b.)
Interior Designer
 c.)
Librarian
 d.)
Art Appraiser
 e.)
Elementary School Teacher
 Answer Rationale
It is true that an interior designer and art appraiser require knowledge of art history. The
other careers listed do not.

Select the two careers that require knowledge of art history. 

 a.)
Computer Programmer
 b.)
Chemical Engineer
 c.)
Museum Curator
 d.)
Lawyer
 e.)
Art Critic
 Answer Rationale
It is true that a museum curator and art critic require knowledge of art history. The other
careers listed do not. 

Select the two careers that require knowledge of art history. 

 a.)
Accounting Manager
 b.)
Art Gallery Owner
 c.)
Professor of Art
 d.)
Conservation Biologist
  e.)
Real Estate Agent
 Answer Rationale
It is true that an art gallery owner and a professor of art require knowledge of art history.
The other careers listed do not. 

Which of the following statements is true?

 a.)
Visual communication is rarely persuasive.
 b.)
Art history studies the physical qualities of a work of art, rather than the visual
communication of the artwork. 
 c.)
Art history is only applicable to studying art.
 d.)
Visual communication is nonverbal and takes place on a subconscious level.
 d.)Correct.
This is correct. Visual communication relies on images rather than words to engage with
the audience.

The field of academic study emphasizing the cultural meaning of a work of art
rather than its aesthetic value is called __________. 
 a.)
Mass Culture
 b.)
Visual Communication
 c.)
Advertising
 d.)
Visual Culture
 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of visual culture.

Which of the following is NOT an example of visual communication? 

 a.)
A propaganda poster
 b.)
A painting with a strong political message
  c.)
A magazine advertisement
 d.)
A poetic passage about war
 d.)Correct.
Visual communication uses images rather than words to engage with the audience. Since
a poetic passage about war does not use images, it is not an example of visual
communication.

Which academic field would be most interested in excavating sites and women's
artifacts?
 a.)
History
 b.)
Sociology
 c.)
Archaeology
 d.)
Anthropology
 c.)Correct.
Archaeology studies human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and
analysis of artifacts.

Which academic field would be most interested in images of women in pop

culture?
 a.)
Sociology
 b.)
History
 c.)
Cultural Studies
 d.)
Archaeology
 c.)Correct.
Cultural studies looks specifically at popular culture or everyday life, so it would be most
interested in images of women in pop culture.

Which academic field would be most interested in the changing role of women in
human society?
  a.)
Anthropology
 b.)
Sociology
 c.)
Cultural Studies
 d.)
History
 b.)Correct.
Sociology focuses on the development, structure, and functioning of human society, so
the changing role of women in human society would be of special interest.

Works of art can provide valuable perspectives on the past, but they often
present a(n) __________ of events, rather than reflecting on how things were.
 a.)
Genuine portrayal
 b.)
Literal interpretation
 c.)
Idealized version
 d.)
Factual representation
 c.)Correct.
Works of art are often influenced by the ideas and perspective or the artist or his/her
patrons. Therefore, they often present an idealized version of events rather than an
accurate depiction.

Works of art provide a(n) __________ record of the past, giving a perspective on
other cultures that is beyond what is available in written documents.
 a.)
Oral
 b.)
Visual
 c.)
Written
 d.)
Spiritual
 b.)Correct.
 Works of art can provide a record of the past by creating an image of something that
happened or someone who lived. Since this image is meant to be seen, rather than read or
heard, it is a visual record.

Because works of art can appeal to an audience on many levels, they enable
viewers to make a(n)__________ connection with the past, and with other
cultures.
 a.)
Physical
 b.)
Logical
 c.)
Emotional
 d.)
Tactile
 c.)Correct.
Works of art appeal to us on a visual and non-verbal level. This often creates an
emotional reaction, which allows us to feel a connection with the people or scenes which
are shown in a work of art.

Which of the following is NOT an example of new media?

 a.)
Super-8 films
 b.)
Biotechnology art
 c.)
Video games
 d.)
Printmaking
 c.)Incorrect.
Video games involve the use of technology to create art, so they are examples of new
media.

 d.)Correct.
Printmaking does not involve the use of technology, so it is not an example of new
media.

Select the work of art that is an example of new media.

 a.)
 b.)
 c.) The Asians in palm
 d.)
 b.)Incorrect.
This work of art is a bronze cast, which is an example of traditional media.

 c.)Correct.
This work of art was created using the use of technology, so it is an example of new
media.
This image of a fractal made using the Sterling 2 Program is an example of what
kind of art?

 a.)
Sculpture
 b.)
Painting
 c.)
Video art
 d.)
Computer art
 d.)Correct.
This image was created using a computer program, so it is an example of computer art.

Which of the following elements is present in this image?

  a.)
Abstraction
 b.)
Allegorical figure
 c.)
Metaphor
 d.)
Iconography
 d.)Correct.
This painting uses visual symbols that make reference to written documents. The symbols
used in this painting allow you to associate this scene with a story from the Gita Govina.

Which of the following elements is present in this graffiti artwork by Banksy?

 a.)
Symbolism
 b.)
Iconography
 c.)
Allegorical figure
 d.)
Abstraction
 c.)Incorrect.
An allegorical figure is a form of visual symbolism in which a human figure represents
an abstract concept such as justice. There are no human figures in this image, so it is not
an allegory.

 a.)Correct.
Symbolism involves using an object to represent something else. The main image here is
a rat, but he is wearing a tie and holding a briefcase. The tie and briefcase are often
considered to be symbols of business, so this rat is intended to represent a certain kind of
businessman.
In this image of St. Christopher from a stained glass window at York Minster, we recognize the
man as Christopher because of the depiction of specific objects associated with him. 

What is this type of visual symbolism called?

 a.)
Allegory
 b.)
Iconography
 c.)
Simile
 d.)
Metaphor
 b.)Correct.
Iconography is a type of visual symbolism which makes reference to written documents.
The story of St. Christopher tell us about the experiences he had during his life, and this
image contains symbols of those experiences.

Which of the following characteristics is present in this image?

  a.)
Expressive lines
 b.)
Illusionism
 c.)
Biomorphic shapes
 d.)
Abstraction
 b.)Correct.
Illusionism tries to convince the viewer that they are seeing something other than what is
visible. This image creates the illusion that it is not a two-dimensional work of art, but
rather a three dimensional hole to China in which a delivery is being passed.

Which of the following characteristics is present in this painting?

  a.)
Illusionism
 b.)
Mixed media
 c.)
Representation
 d.)
Naturalism
 c.)Correct.
Representation involves depicting what one sees or encounters in a work of art. This
depiction does not have to be naturalistic. This image shows the artist's representation of
a landscape scene.

Which of the following characteristics is present in this image?

  a.)
Illusionism
 b.)
Gestural line
 c.)
Biomorphic shapes
 d.)
Three-dimensional
 c.)Correct.
Biomorphic shapes are free-form or formless and they often resemble amoebas. The
white, black, and red images here have no structure or shape, so they are considered to be
biomorphic shapes.

What is the name for the part of the composition most distant from the picture
plane?
  a.)
Middle ground
 b.)
Vanishing point
 c.)
Foreground
 d.)
Background
 d.)Correct.
The background is the most distant part of the composition from the picture plane.

Where is the foreground usually placed in a composition?

 a.)
To the right
 b.)
At the top
 c.)
To the left
 d.)
At the bottom
 d.)Correct.
The foreground is the part of the painting closest to the picture plane, and it usually
corresponds to the bottom of the composition.

What term corresponds with the surface of a painting?

 a.)
Picture plane
 b.)
Foreground
 c.)
Background
 d.)
Middle ground
 a.)Correct.
The picture plane is an invisible plane that corresponds to the surface of the painting.
Which of the following works of art incorporates the use of complementary
colors? 
 a.)

 b.)
 c.) PICTURE BELOW
 d.)
  c.)Correct.
Complementary colors are colors that are across from each other on the color wheel -
orange and blue, red and green, yellow and purple. This painting incorporates yellow and
purple, as well as orange and green.

Which of the following works of art is dominated by the use of cold colors?
 a.)

 b.)
 c.)

 d.)
  c.)Correct.
Cold colors are colors in which blue is dominant, such as blue, green, and purple. This
painting primarily uses shades of blue and green.

Select the two colors that are considered hot colors.

 a.)
Orange
 b.)
Green
 c.)
Purple
 d.)
Yellow
 e.)
Blue
 Answer Rationale
Reds, oranges, and yellows are considered "hot" colors. Blue, green, and purple, on the
other hand, are considered "cold" colors.
Which type of line emphasizes movement of the hand?
 a.)
Expressive lines
 b.)
Gestural lines
 c.)
Curvilinear lines
 d.)
Rectilinear lines
 a.)Incorrect.
Expressive lines often indicate an artist's emotion. Lines that emphasize the movement of
the hand (gestural lines) can be expressive, but they are not exclusively so.

 b.)Correct.
Gestural lines emphasize the movement, or gesture, of the hand.

What term is used to describe straight lines?

 a.)
Rectilinear lines
 b.)
Contour lines
 c.)
Gestural lines
 d.)
Expressive lines
 a.)Correct.
Rectilinear lines are straight lines.

Which type of line would an artist use if s/he wanted to signify emotion?
 a.)
Curvilinear lines
 b.)
Gestural lines
 c.)
Expressive lines
 d.)
Contour lines
  c.)Correct.
Expressive lines are defined as lines that seem to express the artist's emotion.

Identify two of the basic elements of composition included in this work of art.

 a.)
Symmetry
 b.)
Dynamism
  c.)
Uses a single type of line
 d.)
Abstraction
 e.)
Low-intensity colors
 Answer Rationale
This image contains shapes and figures which appear to be in motion (dynamism) and the
figures are reduced to geometric elements (abstraction). The image is not the same on
either side of the vertical or horizontal axis (symmetry) and uses different types of lines
(rectilinear and curvilinear). The colors are not diluted by white, so they are high-
intensity colors (pink is a low-intensity version of red).

Identify two of the basic elements of composition included in this work of art.

 a.)
Symmetry
 b.)
 Dynamism
 c.)
Uses foreground and background
 d.)
Saturated color
 e.)
Forms are highly abstracted
 Answer Rationale
The colors in this painting are mostly not diluted by white, so they are highly saturated
(pink is a non-saturated version of red). Parts of the image appear closer than others,
which indicates a foreground and a background. The forms are not reduced to geometric
shapes, so they are not highly abstracted. The image is not the same on either side of an
axis (symmetry) and the objects do not appear to be in motion (dynamism).
Identify two of the physical characteristics manifested in this painting.
 a.)
Use of primary colors
 b.)
Three-dimensional
 c.)
Low-intensity colors
 d.)
Use of different types of line
 e.)
 Composition appears to extend beyond edges of picture plane
 Answer Rationale
The lines and colors in this image extend beyond the edge of the picture plane instead of
being wholly contained within it. This image uses red, yellow, and blue, which are
primary colors. These colors have high intensity, since they are not diluted by white (for
example, pink is a low-intensity shade of red). This is a painting, which is a two-
dimensional image, and it only uses a single type of line (rectilinear line).

Henri Matisse used a _________ style, which emphasizes the act of applying paint
to a canvas, in order to create a sense of texture.
 a.)
Asymmetrical
 b.)
Mixed media
 c.)
Illusionistic
 d.)
Painterly
 d.)Correct.
A painterly style involves emphasizing the brushstroke and the action of applying paint to
the surface of the canvas, rather than blending in the brushstrokes to make them invisible.

Which technique or style would an artist use to depict texture in sculpture?

 a.)
Mixed media
 b.)
Painterly
 c.)
Brushstroke
 d.)
Impasto
 b.)Incorrect.
A painterly technique involves emphasizing the application of paint to a canvas to create
texture. It would not be used to depict texture in a sculpture.

 a.)Correct.
Mixed media involves combining different artistic media to create a work of art. This
technique can be used to depict texture in a sculpture.
Creating layers of paint on a canvas is a technique known as _________. It was
often used by artists such as Van Gogh. 
 a.)
Mixed media
 b.)
Saturation
 c.)
Symmetry
 d.)
Impasto
 d.)Correct.
Impasto is a technique in which the artist adds thick layers of paint to a canvas.

Assess Peter Paul Rubens’ Tiger Hunt (1618) according to specific design principles. 

Select the characteristic which is NOT present.

  a.)
Axis
 b.)
Balance
 c.)
Dynamism
 d.)
Bilateral symmetry
 d.)Correct.
The forms in this image are not identical on either side of a vertical or horizontal axis.

Assess the entire structure of the Taj Mahal from the frontal view shown, according to the design
elements that make it beautiful. 
Select the two characteristics present.

 a.)
Bilateral symmetry
 b.)
Balance
 c.)
Asymmetry
 d.)
Dynamism
 Answer Rationale
This image is exactly the same on either side of the vertical axis (bilateral symmetry, not
asymmetry). The compositional elements are equally placed on both sides of the axis
(balance). The image does not give the impression of movement (dynamism).
Assess Vincent van Gogh's Starry Night according to specific design principles. 

Select the characteristic which is NOT present.

  a.)
Dynamism
 b.)
Asymmetry
 c.)
Axis
 d.)
Bilateral symmetry
 d.)Correct.
The images are not identical on either side of the axis, so there is no bilateral symmetry.

Which of the following techniques does the artist use to create the illusion of
depth in this painting?
  a.)
Middle ground
 b.)
Atmospheric perspective
 c.)
Linear perspective
 d.)
Negative space
 c.)Correct.
All of the images in this painting are aligned to an invisible point in the center of the
painting. This is an example of linear perspective.

Which of the following techniques does the artist use to create the illusion of
depth in this painting?

 a.)
Atmospheric perspective
 b.)
Scale
 c.)
 Positioning
 d.)
Linear perspective
 c.)Incorrect.
Positioning involves taking two objects that are the same size and placing one diagonal to
the other in order to indicate depth. There are no two objects of the same size in this
painting. The illusion of depth is achieved by making the mountain in the background
much smaller than the waves in the foreground.

 b.)Correct.
The waves in the foreground are very large, which gives the impression that they are very
close. The mountain in the background is very small, which gives the impression that it is
very far away.

Which of the following techniques does the artist use to create the illusion of
depth in this painting?
  a.)
Atmospheric perspective
 b.)
Linear perspective
 c.)
Vanishing point
 d.)
Scale
 d.)Correct.
The tree in the foreground is very large, which gives the impression that it is closest to
you. The other trees and people are comparatively very small, which gives the impression
that they are farther away. This is an example of using scale to indicate depth.

What does cross-hatching use to indicate shadow and depth?

 a.)
Line and shadow
 b.)
Parallel straight lines
 c.)
Lines that cross over
 d.)
The space between two objects
 c.)Correct.
Cross-hatching uses lines that cross over each other in order to indicate shadow and
depth.

What element of composition depicts spaces between forms?

 a.)
Cross-hatching
 b.)
Modeling (2-D)
 c.)
Hatching
 d.)
Negative space
 d.)Correct.
Negative space is the space between two objects in a composition.
In printmaking and drawing, what technique makes use of parallel straight lines
to indicate shadow and depth?
 a.)
Cross-hatching
 b.)
Negative space
 c.)
Modeling (2-D)
 d.)
Hatching
 d.)Correct.
Hatching is a techniques which uses parallel straight lines to indicate shadow and depth.

Select the example that represents individual style.

 a.)
The self-portrait as a theme in the work of Frida Kahlo
 b.)
The extreme attention to detail in the work of artists from Flanders
 c.)
The emphasis on drama and dynamism in Baroque-era art
 d.)
The use of dramatic color in Venetian paintings

 a.)Correct.
Individual style is art with subject matter and physical characteristics that are unique to a
specific artist. Because Frida Kahlo often created self-portraits, this is an example of her
individual style.

Select the example that represents regional style.

 a.)
The use of found objects to create an assemblage sculpture
 b.)
The emphasis on sober colors and settings in Dutch portraiture
 c.)
The return to classical themes in Neoclassical art and architecture
 d.)
The use of abstraction in the work of Pablo Picasso
 b.)Correct.
 Regional style describes works of art which share visual characteristics that are
associated with a specific period of time. Since many Dutch artists emphasized sober
colors and settings in their portraits, this is an example of regional style.

Select the example that represents period style.

 a.)
The use of visible brushstrokes and impasto paint in the work of Vincent van Gogh
 b.)
The use of dramatic color in Venetian paintings
 c.)
The use of abstraction and emphasis on fertility in Prehistoric art
 d.)
The use of hatching and cross-hatching to create a sense of depth in two-dimensional
drawings
 c.)Correct.
Period style is a type of art with shared characteristics specific to a certain period in time.
Since much Prehistoric art uses abstraction and emphasizes fertility, we can say that this
is an example of period style.

The image shown is an example of __________.

 a.)
still life
  b.)
landscape
 c.)
narrative
 d.)
portrait
 c.)Correct.
A narrative is a visual depiction of a story. Since this image shows Washington crossing
the Delaware, which is part of a wider story, this is an example of a narrative.

The image shown is an example of __________.

 a.)
still life
 b.)
narrative
 c.)
portrait
 d.)
 landscape
 a.)Correct.
Still life is a work of art that depicts artfully arranged inanimate objects, like a skull, a
watch, an empty glass, and a snuffed-out candle.

The image shown is an example of __________.

 a.)
 landscape
 b.)
still life
 c.)
narrative
 d.)
portrait
 d.)Correct.
A portrait is an image of an individual person. Even though there is more than one person
in this image, the main focus is on the people rather than their actions, so this is an
example of a portrait.

Which of the following elements is present in this image?

 a.)
Abstraction
 b.)
Allegorical figure
 c.)
 Metaphor
 d.)
Iconography
 d.)Correct.
This painting uses visual symbols that make reference to written documents. The symbols
used in this painting allow you to associate this scene with a story from the Gita Govina.

Which of the following elements is present in this graffiti artwork by Banksy?

 a.)
Symbolism
 b.)
Iconography
 c.)
Allegorical figure
 d.)
Abstraction
  c.)Incorrect.
An allegorical figure is a form of visual symbolism in which a human figure represents
an abstract concept such as justice. There are no human figures in this image, so it is not
an allegory.

 a.)Correct.
Symbolism involves using an object to represent something else. The main image here is
a rat, but he is wearing a tie and holding a briefcase. The tie and briefcase are often
considered to be symbols of business, so this rat is intended to represent a certain kind of
businessman.

n this image of St. Christopher from a stained glass window at York Minster, we recognize the
man as Christopher because of the depiction of specific objects associated with him. 

What is this type of visual symbolism called?

 a.)
 Allegory
 b.)
Iconography
 c.)
Simile
 d.)
Metaphor
 b.)Correct.
Iconography is a type of visual symbolism which makes reference to written documents.
The story of St. Christopher tell us about the experiences he had during his life, and this
image contains symbols of those experiences.

What does an archaeologist study?

 a.)
Only history that dates before the Paleolithic era
 b.)
Fossils and the remains of ancient animal and plant life

 c.)
Artworks and their development through human history

 d.)
The physical environment, culture, and interpersonal relationships of humans and their
ancestors
 b.)Incorrect.
You seem to be thinking of a paleontologist or a paleobotanist.

 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of an archaeologist.

What is a characteristic of the Paleolithic period?

 a.)
A shift from a hunter-gatherer to agrarian society

 b.)
The appearance of city-states

 c.)
The development of stone tools and the practice of painting on cave walls
  d.)
The existence of a priestly class in society
 c.)Correct.
The use of stone tools is the defining characteristic of the Paleolithic period.

What type of artwork is created by a process of cutting into a flat stone or wood surface?
 a.)
Artifact
 b.)
Flat sculpture
 c.)
Sculpture in the round
 d.)
Relief sculpture
 d.)Correct.
Relief sculpture is a sculptural technique that involves cutting into a flat surface in order
to create an image.

Identify the artwork:

 a.)
Bird-Headed Man with Bison, Lascaux
 b.)
Wall painting with horses, rhinoceroses, and aurochs, c
 c.)
 Spotted horses and human hands, Pech-Merle cave
 d.)
Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux
Imagine a cave painting of a bison where you can see a side profile of the body, but the head is
turned to face the viewer. 

This technique, common in Mesopotamian art, is called a(n) __________.

 a.)
frontal pose
 b.)
twisted perspective
 c.)
optical perspective
 d.)
descriptive point of view
 b.)Correct.
Twisted perspective depicts a form where the upper half of the body faces the front and
the bottom half of the body is viewed from the side.

Select the statement that is true about an image when it is rendered from a descriptive
point of view.
 a.)
It is shown in a full side view.
 b.)
It is an approximate representation of a three-dimensional form on a flat two-
dimensional surface.
 c.)
It is viewed from a fixed perspective.
 d.)
The upper half of the image is in a frontal pose and the lower half is in a side view.

 b.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a descriptive point of view.

Which two of the following terms describe the construction of the prehistoric temples at
Malta, or the people who built them?
 a.)
 Megalithic
 b.)
Paleolithic
 c.)
Hunter-gatherer
 d.)
Post and lintel
 e.)
Corbelling
 Answer Rationale
The prehistoric temples at Malta are constructed of megalithic stones in a post and lintel
construction. They do not use corbelling. The people who constructed these temples were
Neolithic agrarians, not Paleolithic or hunter-gatherers.
Select the two true statements about Stonehenge. 
 a.)
The majority of the the structure is supported by smaller stones.

 b.)
It utilizes post and lintel construction.
 c.)
It represents architecture from the paleolithic era.

 d.)
It is thought to be a ceremonial site for death and burials.

 e.)
Its structure relies on a variety of materials, including wood and stone.

 Answer Rationale
Stonehenge is thought to be a ceremonial site for death and burials and it utilizes a classic
post and lintel construction. It was built during the Neolithic area, entirely using large,
megalithic stones.
Which two of the following terms DO NOT describe the construction of Stonehenge, or the
people who built it?
 a.)
Corbelling
 b.)
Post and lintel
 c.)
 Agrarian
 d.)
Neolithic
 e.)
Hunter-gatherer
 Answer Rationale
The people who built Stonehenge were Neolithic agrarians, not hunter-gatherers. The
construction is a classic example of post and lintel; it does not use corbellling.

The first true civilization of Mesopotamia lived in __________. They were known for their
technical innovations, including the wheel, written language, and the use of flood control
devices.
 a.)
Ancient Greece
 b.)
Babylon
 c.)
The Roman Empire
 d.)
The Indus Valley
 e.)
The Fertile Crescent
What is controlled space designed to do?
 a.)
Control who entered and exited a city-state.
 b.)
House a great number of people in expanding city-states.

 c.)
Impress and intimidate the viewer.
 d.)
Keep invading forces out of a city-state.
 e.)
Create a spiritual and holy atmosphere.

 c.)Correct.
A controlled space is a type of civic design intended to impress or intimidate the viewer.
Architecture of the time period associated with the Ancient Near East often made use of
controlled space to express __________.
 a.)
Devotion to the gods
 b.)
Acceptance of all people
 c.)
The ruler's power
 d.)
The importance of deities
 e.)
Social stratification
 c.)Correct.
A controlled space is a type of civic design intended to impress or intimidate the viewer.
Large, impressive buildings are seen as an extension of the ruler's power.

The Sumerians placed small sculptures, representing men and women, in their religious shrines. 

These sculptures were known as __________.

 a.)
steles
 b.)
relief sculptures
 c.)
pictographs
 d.)
votive figures
 e.)
lamassu
 d.)Correct.
The Sumerians places small sculptures known as votive figures in their religious shrines.

The Ancient Near Eastern people known as the Sumerians were renowned for their technical
innovations. 
They built huge temples, called __________, in their cities. 
 a.)
pylon temples
 b.)
ziggurats
 c.)
mastabas
 d.)
serdabs
 e.)
tomb mounds
 b.)Correct.
Ziggurats were huge, pyramid-like temples that were built by the Sumerians.

In the Sumerian religion, the ziggurat symbolically expressed the idea that __________.
 a.)
all men could enter
 b.)
gods dwell above humans

 c.)
humans could become gods

 d.)
ordinary humans could approach the gods

 e.)
gods did not care about humans
 b.)Correct.
The ziggurat was seen as a holy mountain, where religious leaders could be closer to the
gods by climbing to the very top.

Select the function that matches to this work of art.

  a.)
This sculpture provides a list of standardized laws and shows the leader receiving
these laws from a deity. 
 b.)
This sculpture acts as a protective figure with a massive size that intimidates the
viewer. 
 c.)
This sculpture displays the ruler's ability to triumph over the forces of nature by
hunting.
 d.)
This sculpture depicts the ruler as someone who is godlike and victorious in battle.
 a.)Correct.
This is the Stele of Hammurabi, where Hammurabi is shown receiving the laws from the
gods. The list of laws is inscribed below the sculpture.

Select the statement that depicts the way this work of art expresses the ruler's authority.
  a.)
Triumph over an invading army
 b.)
Triumph over nature
 c.)
Receiving law from the gods
 d.)
Becoming the master of all knowledge
 a.)Correct.
The figures shown here in the Stele of Naram-sin are clearly engaged in a battle of some
sort. The king, who is the largest figure, is shown standing on top of everything, as other
figures beg for mercy. This shows that the king has triumphed over this army.

Select the phrase that accurately describes this work of art.

 a.)
Depicts ruler receiving law from the gods
 b.)
Hollow cast image portrays authority of the king
 c.)
 Demonstrates success in battle and victory over nature
 d.)
Uses hieratic scale to indicate authority
 c.)Correct.
This image shows arrows, shot by the king, piercing the flesh of a lioness, who is clearly
dying. This demonstrates that the king is victorious over the natural world.

Select the name of the god of deserts, storms, and foreigners.

 a.)
Ra
 b.)
Osiris
 c.)
Isis
 d.)
Seth
 e.)
Horus
 d.)Correct.
Seth is the god of deserts, storms, and foreigners.

Select the name of the god of sun, war, and protection, often portrayed as a falcon or a man
with a falcon’s head.
 a.)
Ra
 b.)
Seth
 c.)
Isis
 d.)
Osiris
 e.)
Horus
 e.)Correct.
Horus is a god of sun. He is often represented by a falcon, or portrayed as a man with the
head of a falcon.

Select the name of the king of the dead, represented as a partially-wrapped mummy.
  a.)
Seth
 b.)
Ra
 c.)
Osiris
 d.)
Isis
 e.)
Horus
 c.)Correct.
Osiris is a king and judge of the dead. He is represented as a man with a beard, partly
wrapped as a mummy and wearing a crown.

Which two of the following terms are associated with Egyptian funerary architecture? 
 a.)
Celestory

 b.)
Axial plan
 c.)
Pylon temple

 d.)
Serdab
 e.)
Mastaba

 f.)
Hypostyle hall
  Answer Rationale
A serdab is a cellar or chamber in a tomb where the ka statue is stored, and a mastaba is a
type of Egyptian tomb with a flat top. A hypostyle hall, pylon temple, clerestory, and
axial plan could all be used in Egyptian funerary architecture, but this is not their defining
characteristic.
2
Which two of the following are examples of funerary architecture? 
 a.)
Mastaba 

 b.)
Axial plan 
 c.)
Pylon temple 

 d.)
Necropolis 
  e.)
Clerestory 

 Answer Rationale
A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground and a mastaba is a type of Egyptian
tomb with a flat roof. Pylon temples, axial plans, and clerestories may be used in
Egyptian funerary architecture, but this is not their defining characteristic.
Which two of the following are examples of funerary architecture? 
 a.)
Pyramid
 b.)
Axial plan

 c.)
Pylon temple
 d.)
Clerestory

 e.)
Necropolis
  f.)
Hypostyle hall

 Answer Rationale
A pyramid was built in order to mark an Egyptian tomb and a necropolis is a large
cemetery or burial ground. An axial plan, clerestory, hypostyle hall, or pylon temple may
be used in Egyptian funerary architecture, but this is not their defining characteristic.

What type of arrangement is used for the buildings shown below?

  a.)
Lateral plan
 b.)
Controlled space
 c.)
Circular plan
 d.)
Axial plan
 d.)Correct.
An axial plan is a horizontal arrangement of the elements of a building along a central
axis. In this image, you can draw an invisible line down the center of the building
(imagine it goes straight up the ramp and into the building). The architecture of the
building is the same on both sides of the axis, so it is built on an axial plan.

Who is the ruler depicted in this sculpture?

 a.)
 Hyksos
 b.)
Nefertiti
 c.)
Khafra
 d.)
Hatshepsut
 d.)Correct.
This is a sculpture of Hatshepsut with offering jars.

What is a clerestory?
 a.)
A large opening, doorway, or entrance

 b.)
The triangular element under the pitched roof of a temple
 c.)
A system of step support elements

 d.)
A part of a building that rises above the roofs allowing for windows to provide light and
ventilation
 b.)Incorrect.
You seem to be thinking of a pediment. A clerestory rises above the roof and allows light
to enter a building.

 d.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a clerestory.

What is the form of this artwork?

  a.)
Repoussé
 b.)
Sunken relief
 c.)
High relief
 d.)
Low relief
 b.)Correct.
A sunken relief is an image in which the design is cut into the surface so that there are no
raised images. You can see here that the images are formed by lines which cut into the
surface rather than stone being scraped away to reveal a raised image.

What is the form of this artwork?

  a.)
Repoussé
 b.)
Sunken relief
 c.)
High relief
 d.)
Low relief
 b.)Correct.
A sunken relief is an image in which the design is cut into the surface so that there are no
raised images. You can see here that the images are formed by lines which cut into the
surface rather than stone being scraped away to reveal a raised image.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the stylistic changes in art brought
about during the Amarna period?
 a.)
 Women appeared more muscular and aggressive.
 b.)
The ankh was used in artwork.
 c.)
The pharaoh appeared more androgynous.
 d.)
The canon of proportions was eliminated.
 a.)Correct.
The Amarna period is characterized by men who look more androgynous, but women
were not depicted as more masculine or muscular. Instead, women were depicted with
elongated necks and limbs.

What did the role of ancient myths play in the archaeological excavation of Aegean sites in
the modern era?
 a.)
Modern scholars discovered the ancient texts to be true historical descriptions after their
examination of Aegean archeological sites.
 b.)
The reading of ancient texts and myths led explorers to discover certain sites.
 c.)
Modern explorers used ancient texts as reference manuals after they had discovered
ancient Aegean sites.
 d.)
Modern explorers were not influenced at all by ancient texts.
 b.)Correct.
Many modern archaeologists began excavations that were inspired by myths. Heinrich
Schliemann tried to find the ancient Troy based on the tales in the Illiad and Arthur Evans
tried to find the palace of King Minos, which led to the discovery of the ancient city of
Knossos.

Which aspect is NOT characteristic of Aegean cultures?

 a.)
Bronze was used by the Aegean cultures in the making of tools and weapons.

 b.)
Male figurines made of ceramic or marble were the most common type of artwork of
the Aegean cultures.
 c.)
 The Aegean sea connected the cultures and provided a means of trade between
cultures.

 d.)
The Aegean cultures were located in a collection of islands near Greece called the
Cyclades.

 b.)Correct.
Aegean artwork did not focus primarily on male figurines. There are many examples of
female figures or other forms in Aegean works of art.

What is the term used to denote the simplification of this figure's body into triangular
shapes?
 a.)
 Triangulation
 b.)
Geometrification
 c.)
Idealization
 d.)
Abstraction
 d.)Correct.
Abstraction of the human figure involves simplifying the form down to geometric shapes,
such as the simple lines and triangles which form this figure.

What is the difference between buon fresco and secco fresco?

 a.)
Buon fresco is a method of painting on plaster in which paints are oil-based, and
fresco secco is a method of painting on plaster in which the paint is water-based.

 b.)
Buon fresco is a type of painting on plaster in which paints are water-based, and
fresco secco is a type of painting on plaster in which the paint is oil-based.
 c.)
Buon fresco is a method of painting on plaster in which paint is applied after the
plaster is already dried, and fresco secco is a method of painting on plaster in which
the plaster is still wet.

 d.)
Buon fresco is a method of painting on plaster in which the plaster is still wet, and
fresco secco is a method of painting on plaster in which paint is applied after the
plaster is already dried.
 d.)Correct.
This is correct.

Select the statement about Minoan art and culture that is TRUE.
 a.)
Fresco secco is a Minoan painting technique in which pigments are applied to the
plaster while it is still wet. 

 b.)
The mythical Minotaur is a creature with the head of a horse and the body of a man.
  c.)
Minoan art can be described as less dynamic than Egyptian art, with a focus on muted
colors and simplistic techniques. 

 d.)
The bull is an important figure in Minoan artworks and legends.
 d.)Correct.
The Minoan culture placed a strong value on natural objects and designs and the bull
appears in many works of art as well as in the famous myth of the Minotaur.

Select the statement about Minoan art and culture that is FALSE.
 a.)
The palace complex was referred to as a labyrinth because of confusing passageways
and use of the double-headed ax symbol on the walls.

 b.)
The buon fresco technique, common in Minoan artwork, involves painting on the
walls after the plaster has dried.
 c.)
The Minotaur is the mythological creature associated with the Minoan civilization.

 d.)
The predominant themes in Minoan works of art include nature, liveliness, and
energy.
 b.)Correct.
You seem to be thinking of fresco secco. Buon fresco is a technique in which paint is
applied to wet plaster, not dry plaster. Both are common in Minoan artwork.

Which trait of Mycenaean architecture is represented in this image?

  a.)
Votive figures
 b.)
Cyclopean construction
 c.)
Beehive tombs
 d.)
Labyrinth
 b.)Correct.
Cyclopean construction uses blocks of masonry that are so large they appear to have been
built by something not entirely human, such as a Cyclops.

Which trait of Mycenaean architecture is represented in this image?

 a.)
 Votive figures
 b.)
Corbeled vault
 c.)
Labyrinth
 d.)
Beehive tombs
 e.)
Cyclopean construction
 b.)Correct.
A corbeled vault is a simple type of vault using step-support elements. This vault shows
rocks stacked on top of each other, gradually coming closer together ("stepped") to meet
at the top.

Which trait of Mycenaean architecture is represented in this image?

 a.)
Sunken relief
 b.)
Votive figures
 c.)
Beehive tombs
  d.)
Cyclopean construction
 e.)
Labyrinth
 c.)Correct.
This image depicts a large, round room used as a tomb.

Which of the following correctly identifies a Greek deity and his or her primary
association?
 a.)
Aphrodite - goddess of mischief
 b.)
Athena - goddess of wisdom
 c.)
Nike - goddess of love
 d.)
Apollo - god of thunder
 e.)
Zeus - god of the harvest

Which of the following correctly identifies a Greek deity and his or her primary
association?
 a.)
Poseidon - god of the fields
 b.)
Protagoras - god of the sea
 c.)
Pericles - god of the underworld
 d.)
Zeus - father of the gods
 e.)
Aphrodite - goddess of war
Which of the following correctly identifies a Greek deity and his or her primary
association?
 a.)
Hephaestus - god of peace
  b.)
Ares - god of thunder
 c.)
Poseidon - god of the sea
 d.)
Dionysus - father of the gods
 e.)
Athena - the messenger goddess
Select the option that correctly explains the function of the a shown below:
  a.)
All-purpose vessel used to store liquids
 b.)
Vessel used to commemorate victory
 c.)
Vessel used for drinking wine
 d.)
Vessel used to mark a gravesite
 a.)Correct.
This vessel has large handles and a lip for pouring. It is also very large, which would
make it ideal for storing liquids.

Select the option that describes the style of this vase:

 a.)
Geometric
 b.)
 Red figure
 c.)
Orientalizing
 d.)
Black figure
 d.)Correct.
The figures shown here are black against a red background, so this is an example of black
figure painting.

Select the option that correctly explains the function of the vase shown below:
  a.)
Vessel used to mark a gravesite
 b.)
All-purpose vessel used to store liquids
 c.)
Vessel used for drinking wine
 d.)
Vessel used to commemorate victory
 a.)Correct.
This image shows an example of a funerary vase, which was used to mark a gravesite.
Funerary vases were particularly large and decorative, not necessarily functional.

Select the true statement about the work of art shown below. 
  a.)
It is an example of the Canon of Polykleitos.

 b.)
It is an example of a kore.
 c.)
It has a peplos.
 d.)
It has an archaic smile.
 d.)Correct.
This figure shows a stiff, unnaturalistic facial expression known as an archaic smile.

Select the true statement about the work of art shown below.
  a.)
It is an example of contrapposto.
 b.)
It is an example of a kouros.
 c.)
It illustrates the canon of Polykleitos.
 d.)
It has a peplos.
 d.)Correct.
This figure is wearing a robe known as a peplos.

What physical characteristic is exhibited in this sculpture?

  a.)
Archaic smile
 b.)
Black figure
 c.)
Contrapposto
 d.)
Abstraction
 c.)Correct.
The figure shown here is placing most of the weight on one foot, resting the other foot,
and creating a slight tilt in the pelvis. This is a classic contrapposto pose.

Which part of a temple would house sculpture as seen in the image?

 a.)
Pediment
 b.)
Peristyle
 c.)
Entablature
 d.)
Capital
 a.)Correct.
A pediment is the triangular element on the front and back of a Greek temple. The
pediment would often contain sculptures such as the one shown here.

What classical order is displayed in the image?

  a.)
Cyclopean
 b.)
Doric
 c.)
Corinthian
 d.)
Ionic
 b.)Correct.
The Doric order of columns is a simple style with an undecorated capital. These columns
have no decoration on the capital, so they are part of the Doric order.

What surrounds a peripteral temple?

 a.)
Megaliths
 b.)
Sculptural decoration
 c.)
A row of columns
 d.)
A large courtyard
 c.)Correct.
A peripteral temple is a type of temple surrounded by a row of columns.

Select the feature or characteristic that is present in the image of the Parthenon.
  a.)
Necropolis
 b.)
Ionic order
 c.)
Spoila
 d.)
Entablature
 b.)Incorrect.
The Ionic order of columns are decorated with scrolls on either side of the capital. The
Parthenon has undecorated capitals, which are characteristic of the Doric order.

 d.)Correct.
The entablature is the upper section of a Greek temple that rests on top of the columns. In
this image, it is thick, horizontal line of stone blocks immediately above the columns.

Select the feature or characteristic that is NOT present in the image of the Parthenon.
  a.)
Peripteral temple
 b.)
Pediment
 c.)
Entasis
 d.)
Ionic order
 d.)Correct.
The Ionic order of columns are decorated with scrolls on either side of the capital. The
Parthenon has undecorated capitals, which are characteristic of the Doric order.

Select the feature or characteristic that is present in the image of the Parthenon.
  a.)
Necropolis
 b.)
Spoila
 c.)
Doric order
 d.)
Podium
 c.)Correct.
The Parthenon contains columns with undecorated capitals, which is a characteristic of
the Doric order.

Which one of the following sculptures represents the emphasis on a more relaxed,
exaggerated posture, characteristic of the Late Classical period?
 a.)
 b.)

 c.)
 d.)
  d.)Correct.
The Aphrodite of Knidos portrays a very relaxed figure, casually dropping her robe onto
an urn on the ground. This is characteristic of the Late Classical period.

How did the portrayal of the female form in sculpture change during the Hellenistic
period?
 a.)
Female figures are less naturalistic.
 b.)
Female figures are more modest in appearance and dress.
 c.)
Female figures display a more overt sensuality.
 d.)
Female figures are more static.
 c.)Correct.
This is a characteristic of the Hellenistic period of Greek sculpture.

Which of the following sculptures is from the Hellenistic period, just like the Nike of
Samothrace? 
 a.)
 b.)
 c.)
 d.)
  d.)Correct.
The Aphrodite of Melos (Venus de Milo) is from the Hellenistic period of Greek
Sculpture.

Select the option that is NOT a feature of Etruscan architecture.

 a.)
Peristyle garden
 b.)
Rounded arch
 c.)
Barrel vault
 d.)
Use of terracotta
 a.)Correct.
The peristyle garden is a characteristic feature of the Roman house. It was not used in
Etruscan architecture

How did Etruscans influence Roman architecture?

 a.)
The Etruscans developed the use of the rounded arch and barrel vault, which the
Romans later used in architecture.

 b.)
The Etruscans developed concrete to be used in construction, which the Romans
borrowed for their own structures.

 c.)
The Etruscans used wood in their temple construction, which the Romans also did.

 d.)
The Etruscans relied heavily on clay as a building material for architectural
structures, which the Romans adopted.
 a.)Correct.
This statement is correct.

What does this Etruscan sculpture reveal about the similarities between the Greeks and
Etruscans?
 a.)
 The Greeks and Etruscans only depicted female deities in their sculptures.
 b.)
The Greeks and Etruscans both displayed sculptures of deities on the roofs of their
temples.

 c.)
The Greeks and Etruscans both primarily used clay to create sculptures.
 d.)
The Greeks and Etruscans both shared certain religious beliefs, including the
appearance of some deities in human form.
 d.)Correct.
This is a sculpture of Apulu, an Etruscan god. He appears as a human, similar to the
Greek god Apollo.

Which term, associated with Etruscan art and architecture, describes a coffin made of
stone that is typically adorned with sculpture?
 a.)
Ridgepole
 b.)
Sarcophagus
 c.)
Podium
 d.)
Archaic smile
 b.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a sarcophagus. 

Which of the following architectural terms is NOT a trait associated with Etruscan
temples?
  a.)
Stucco
 b.)
Pediment sculptures
 c.)
Podium
 d.)
Ridgepole
 b.)Correct.
Pediment sculptures are a characteristic of Greek temples. The Etruscans placed statues
on the roof of their temples, but they did not include pediment sculptures.

What similarities does one see in the Etruscan and Egyptian view of the afterlife?
 a.)
Both place emphasis on the finality of the death of the physical body and the soul.

 b.)
Both place emphasis on the afterlife and seek to provide all of the earthly comforts of
the home within a tomb.
  c.)
Both believe that departed souls spend most of eternity in a type of purgatory.
 d.)
Both believe that departed souls need to reside in a domestic space alongside the
living.

Think about the overall layout and function of a Roman house. 

Select the statement that describes BOTH the atrium and the peristyle garden. 
 a.)
Location of family shrines with portrait busts
 b.)
Space that is focused inward, protected from the noise and dust of the city
 c.)
Decorated with flowers and plants
 d.)
Formal space, location of worship
 b.)Correct.
The atrium was located at the center of a Roman house and the peristyle garden was
located near the columned porch. Both were designed to focus inward and protect the
residents from the external elements of the city.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Roman house?

 a.)
Focus toward the central courtyard
 b.)
Elaborate, decorated exterior
 c.)
Use of murals and mosaics
 d.)
Atrium used for ancestral rituals
 b.)Correct.
The exterior of a Roman house was often very plain in contrast with the interior, which
was decorated with murals and mosaics in addition to the elaborate gardens.

Which term describes a space of leisure and entertaining as shown in the image?
  a.)
Atrium
 b.)
Peristyle garden
 c.)
Impluvium
 d.)
Cubicula
 b.)Correct.
This image shows a garden surrounded by columns and containing plants. This is the
characteristic of a Roman peristyle garden.

A portrait in which a subject is portrayed as unrealistically youthful and physically perfect

is called a(n) __________ image.
 a.)
individualized
  b.)
portrait
 c.)
idealized
 d.)
veristic
 e.)
bust
 c.)Correct.
This is the correct description of an idealized portrait.

In ancient Roman art, an emperor or deceased family member was sometimes portrayed as a god,
instead of a mortal. 

The elevation of a person to the status of a god is known as __________.

 a.)
apotheosis
 b.)
Idealism
 c.)
individualism
 d.)
portraiture
 e.)
veristic style
A celebration of the experience and age of a person in Roman sculpture is known as the
__________ style.
 a.)
idealized
 b.)
veristic
 c.)
portrait
 d.)
apotheosis
 e.)
 bust
 b.)Correct.
The veristic style focuses on a person's age and physical imperfections as a reference to
wisdom and experience.

What is the function of this structure?

 a.)
It removes waste water from a city.
 b.)
It carries water from its source into a city.
 c.)
It is a lookout bridge for defensive protection.
 d.)
It is a bridge to move people and goods over a steep valley.
 b.)Correct.
The Pont du Gard is an aqueduct, built primarily to carry water from one place to another.

Why did Roman emperors build large entertainment complexes like baths and
amphitheaters?
 a.)
To give Roman citizens a way to contribute to the Empire by donating their labor.

 b.)
To justify high taxes collected from Roman citizens

 c.)
To provide a place where Roman emperors and their families could enjoy solitude.
  d.)
To gain popularity amongst Roman citizens
 d.)Correct.
This statement is true.

Select the statement that is FALSE regarding the use of concrete over other building
materials.
 a.)
It was less expensive than some other materials, which meant less skilled labor.

 b.)
It was very plentiful, which allowed for it to be used in a variety of projects.

 c.)
It is stronger and more versatile than other materials available.

 d.)
It is less durable than most other materials, but easier to work with.
 d.)Correct.
Concrete is an extremely durable building material, which is why many Roman structures
are still standing today.
Compare and contrast the Parthenon to Maison Carrée. Select the statement that is true of
BOTH.
 a.)
Set on a podium
 b.)
Corinthian order 
 c.)
Constructed out of marble 

 d.)
Deep portico
 a.)Incorrect.
The Maison Carrée is a temple set on a podium, but the Parthenon has no podium. The
podium of the Maison Carrée is very visible in the second image.

 c.)Correct.
Both the Parthenon and the Maison Carrée were constructed out of marble.
Compare and contrast the Parthenon to the Pont du Gard. Select the option that is
reflective of the Parthenon.
 a.)
Rounded arch—can span much larger spaces 
 b.)
Made of concrete fill with stone veneer 
 c.)
Post and lintel—can only span a short space
 d.)
Building material allows for great versatility, construction in remote locations
 c.)Correct.
The Parthenon uses a post and lintel construction, which means that the columns must be
placed relatively close together. The Pont du Gard uses rounded arches, which can be
used to span much wider spaces.
Compare and contrast the Parthenon to the v. Select the statement that is reflective of the
Parthenon.
 a.)
Required less skilled labor to build
 b.)
Built to gain popular approval
 c.)
Decorated with elaborate frieze sculptures
 d.)
Built with concrete
 c.)Correct.
This is correct. The Parthenon was decorated with elaborate frieze sculptures and the
Colosseum was not.

What is the function of the Pantheon?

 a.)
It is a public auditorium.
 b.)
It is the meeting place of the Roman senate.
 c.)
It is a temple dedicated to Jupiter.
 d.)
It is a temple dedicated to all of the gods.
How is the interior of the Pantheon illuminated?
 a.)
With an open colonnade
 b.)
With rosettes
 c.)
With an oculus
 d.)
With a clerestory
 c.)Correct.
The Pantheon contains a round hole at the top of its dome, allowing natural light to come
in.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Pantheon?

 a.)
Doric order
 b.)
Oculus
 c.)
Pediment
 d.)
Use of concrete
 a.)Correct.
The Doric order is identified by undecorated capitals. The capitals on the Pantheon are
decorated.

Which two of the following statements are true about architecture in the later Roman
Empire?
 a.)
Trajan's column contains a spiral frieze which gets narrower toward the top of the
column, making it difficult to read.
 b.)
 A triumphal arch, like the Arch of Titus, was only used to commemorate civic events like
the building of roads.
 c.)
The use of spolia in monuments like the Arch of Constantine was considered to be a
decline of form compared to earlier Roman architecture.
 d.)
The Arch of Constantine depicts a military victory over the Dacians, and Trajan's column
has a panel depicting the Spoils of Jerusalem.

 e.)
The Basilica at Trier was a secular meeting hall which contained a triumphal arch at the
apse.
 Answer Rationale
Triumphal arches (like the Arch of Titus) were constructed to commemorate both civic
and military events. The spiral frieze on Trajan's column gets wider toward the top so that
it can be read more clearly from below. The Arch of Constantine has a panel depicting
the Spoils of Jerusalem and Trajan's column depicts a military victory over the Dacians.
The other two statements are true.
Which two of the following statements are NOT true about architecture in the later Roman
Empire?
 a.)
Trajan's column is considered to be a monument because it depicts the Emperor's victory
over the Dacians.
 b.)
Both the Arch of Titus and Trajan's column are notable for their use of relief sculpture to
depict important events.
 c.)
The Arch of Constantine is a good example of a triumphal arch, which commemorates
the emperor's victory in battle.
 d.)
The Arch of Titus contains a spiral frieze which gets wider toward the top so it is easy to
read from ground level.
 e.)
The Basilica at Trier (Aula Palatina) was built by the Emperor Constantine to function as
a place of Christian worship.
 Answer Rationale
 The Basilica at Trier was built by Constantine to function as an imperial reception hall,
not a place of Christian worship. The Arch of Titus does not contain a spiral frieze - you
seem to be thinking of Trajan's column. The other statements are all true.

Which two of the following statements are NOT true about architecture in the later Roman
Empire?
 a.)
Roman monuments like the Arch of Constantine and Trajan's column sometimes
incorporated spolia, or sculptural elements taken from a place that had been conquered.

 b.)
Trajan's column contains a spiral frieze which gets wider toward the top of the column so
it is easy to read from ground level.
 c.)
The Arch of Constantine is not an example of a Roman monument because it does not
commemorate an important event or person.
 d.)
The Arch of Titus contains a frieze of sunken reliefs which portray the Emperor's victory
in many battles.
 e.)
The Arch of Titus contains a large panel known as the Spoils of Jerusalem because it
depicts the sacking of the temple in Jerusalem.
 Answer Rationale
The Arch of Constantine commemorates Constantine's victory over his rival, Maxentius,
so it is considered to be a monument. The Arch of Titus contains a frieze of relief
sculptures (not sunken reliefs) which portray the Emperor's victory over the Dacians. The
other statements are true.
What is a major tenet of Jainism?
 a.)
The reliance on dharma, or duty to perform daily rituals

 b.)
The worship of a perfect, supreme being
 c.)
The idea that the truth is dependent on your point of view
 d.)
The understanding that life's ultimate goal is a state of nirvana

What is the identity of this figure?

 a.)
A high level priest
  b.)
A Buddhist monk
 c.)
An average citizen of the Indus civilization
 d.)
A lower level religious figure
 a.)Correct.
This is a sculpture of a priest-king from Mohenjo-Daro.

What is the ultimate goal of a follower of Buddhism?

 a.)
Worship of Ashoka
 b.)
Enlightenment
 c.)
Spreading Buddhism around the world

 d.)
Daily meditation

 b.)Correct.
Buddhism focuses on overcoming one's desires in order to achieve nirvana, or
enlightenment. 

What of the following is NOT a function of this artwork?

  a.)
It marks the location of the Sarnath.
 b.)
It helped King Ashoka establish Buddhism as a state religion.
 c.)
It displayed the inscribed laws based on Buddhist ideals.
 d.)
It functions as an axis mundi.

 a.)Correct.
The Sarnath is an important pilgrimage site, but one of Ashoka's pillars does not mark
this site.

Where did the Buddhist Sangha first come into existence, through the enlightenment of
Kondanna?
 a.)
Vedas
 b.)
Sarnath
  c.)
Dharma
 d.)
Ashoka
What was King Ashoka's role in early Buddhism?
 a.)
He banned the creation of images of the Buddha in early Buddhist art.
 b.)
He adopted Buddhism and helped spread the religion.
 c.)
He was a friend of the Buddha who wrote down his ideas.
 d.)
He was one of the first Buddhist monks to reach enlightenment.
 b.)Correct.
King Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the third century who adopted Buddhism and
actively promoted Buddhism throughout India.

What is the function of a stupa?

 a.)
It is a place dedicated to the memory of the Buddha or another saint.
 b.)
It marks the entrance to a monastery.
 c.)
It must contain the relics of the Buddha and function as a shrine.
 d.)
It designates a location where the Buddha lived.
 c.)Incorrect.
The Great Stupa at Sanchi contains the relics of the Buddha and functions as a shrine, but
this is not true of all stupas.

 a.)Correct.
This is correct.

What is a harmika?
 a.)
The small platform on the top of a stupa
 b.)
A sacred spot in memory of the Buddha
  c.)
A type of gateway
 d.)
The pole positioned on top of the dome of a stupa

 a.)Correct.
This is the correct definition of a harmika.

Visitors enter the Great Stupa through a decorative __________, or gateway. Once inside,
visitors meditate by circumambulating.
 a.)
harmika
 b.)
axis mundi
 c.)
torana
 d.)
yasti
 c.)Correct.
A torana is a gateway.

What is a yakshi?
 a.)
A benevolent, protective nature spirit
 b.)
A follower of the Buddha

 c.)
A personification of morality
 d.)
A voluptuous temptress

 a.)Correct.
This is correct.

What is the dharma?

 a.)
A moral order; an essential individual characteristic or virtue in Hinduism or
Buddhism
  b.)
The oldest and most authoritative Hindu text

 c.)
The name of the journey that leads to enlightenment

 d.)
The name of monks who follow Buddhism
 a.)Correct.
These are correct descriptions of dharma.

Select the option that is TRUE about yakshi figures. 

 a.)
They primarily represent figures and ideas associated with Christianity.
 b.)
Yakshi figures typically depict the male figure to represent power and authority.

 c.)
They were commonly worked into the architecture of religious structures. 
 d.)
They were intended to represent a sexual or erotic representation of the human form.
 c.)Correct.
It is true that Yakshi figures were incorporated into the architectural motifs of religous
structures, such as stupas.

Select the option that describes Mahavira.

 a.)
Founder of the central tenets of Jainism, including the immortality and transmigration
of the soul

 b.)
Mauryan emperor who erected great pillars inscribed with his moral edicts
 c.)
Symbol of a moral order that keeps the universe from falling into chaos

 d.)
Benevolent nature spirit, usually depicted as a voluptuous female

 a.)Correct.
This is correct.
Which individual was the Mauryan emperor who erected great pillars inscribed with his
moral edicts? 
 a.)
Sangha
 b.)
Ashoka
 c.)
Mahavira
 d.)
Yakshi
What are the oldest and most authoritative texts in Hinduism?
 a.)
Sarnath
 b.)
Dharma
 c.)
Ashoka
 d.)
Vedas
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Gandhara period?
 a.)
Greek-influenced idealism

 b.)
Mesopotamian-influenced wide, geometric eyes

 c.)
Greek-influenced drapery
 d.)
Egyptian-influenced rigidity of the figures
 a.)Incorrect.
Indian sculpture in the Gandhara period was not influenced by the Greek idealist style of
sculpture.

 c.)Correct.
This is a characteristic of sculpture from the Gandhara period.

3.3.1
Which school of Chinese Buddhism emphasizes enlightenment, formal studies, and
observances?
 a.)
Shinto
 b.)
Pure Land
 c.)
Zen
 d.)
Jainism
 b.)Incorrect.
Pure Land is a type of Zen practice that emphasizes devotion to a form of the Buddha. It
is not a school of Chinese Buddhism.

 c.)Correct.
This is correct.

How does Hinduism differ from Buddhism?

 a.)
Hinduism emphasizes the idea of the elimination of suffering and desire while
Buddhism emphasizes the idea of dharma, or duty.
 b.)
Hinduism emphasizes the idea of dharma, or duty, while Buddhism emphasizes the
elimination of human suffering and desire.
 c.)
Hinduism follows no clear religious text while Buddhism follows the writings of the
Vedas.
 d.)
Hinduism originated in China while Buddhism originated in Japan.
What phenomenon is common to the history of both China and Japan?
 a.)
The spread of iconoclasm

 b.)
The spread of Shintoism
 c.)
The spread of Buddhism
 d.)
 The spread of Hinduism

 a.)Incorrect.
Neither China nor Japan have a history of iconoclasm, the destruction of religious
imagery.

 c.)Correct.
The spread of Buddhism was common in both China and Japan.

3,3,2
The sculpture at the Longmen Caves features three figures in an artistic grouping known
as a(n) __________.
 a.)
triad
 b.)
mudra
 c.)
lotus position
 d.)
kondo
 e.)
pagoda
 a.)Correct.
The three figures in the Longmen sculpture are a Buddha flanked by two bodhisattvas.
This grouping is often referred to as a triad.

Chinese architecture is characterized by the use of __________. This feature can be seen in
the main form of Chinese Buddhist architecture, which is known as a pagoda.
 a.)
pointed arches
 b.)
muqarnas
 c.)
corbelling
 d.)
interlocking roof brackets
 e.)
horseshoe arches
At a height of 57 feet, the __________ is a sculpture of nearly 100,000 individual carvings of
the Buddha located at Longmen.
 a.)
Portrait of Amitabh

 b.)
Vairocana Buddha 

 c.)
Yakushi Triad

 d.)
Shaka Triad

 e.)
Bamiyan Buddha

How is the concept of li expressed in this painting?

  a.)
The mountains and streams represent the physical location of nirvana.
 b.)
The mountains and streams represent the life force and life energy of nature.
 c.)
The mountains and streams are representations of specific locations in China.
 d.)
The mountains and streams are not specific mountains and specific streams, but rather
express the idea of a mountain and the idea of a stream.
 b.)Incorrect.
You seem to be thinking of ji, which is a concept focusing on life energy and life force.

 d.)Correct.
The concept of li focuses on ideal representaitons, rather than specific natural features.

Select the option below that applies to this image of Travelers Among Mountains and
Streams.
  a.)
Utilizes a shifting perspective
 b.)
Has a vanishing point
 c.)
The subject is human travelers
 d.)
Incorporates a linear perspective
 a.)Correct.
This painting utilizes multiple perspectives to present different views, rather than
focusing on a single focal point.

Select the option that does NOT describe this image of Streams and Mountains with a
Clear Distant View.

 a.)
Incorporates a linear perspective
 b.)
Incorporates the idea of li
 c.)
 Utilizes a shifting perspective
 d.)
Contrast between light and dark
 d.)Incorrect.
This image does not include color, but rather focuses on the contrast between light and
dark to highlight the images.

 a.)Correct.
This painting utilizes a shifting perspective, rather than a linear perspective with a single
focal point.

3.3.4

What element of Japanese culture did NOT originate in China?

 a.)
Use of particular characters in writing

 b.)
Tales of Genji
 c.)
Buddhism and Confucianism
 d.)
Elements of the royal court

 d.)Incorrect.
Elements of the royal court in Japan were influenced by the Chinese royal court.

 b.)Correct.
The Tales of Genji were written by the Japanese Lady Murasaki. They did not originate
in China.

During the Heian period, women used a form of writing known as __________ because it
was thought to be easier than other forms of Japanese writing.
 a.)
Hiragana script
 b.)
Katakana
 c.)
Kufic script
 d.)
 Cuneiform

What happened during the Heian period?

 a.)
The Japanese court moved to Tokyo.
 b.)
Cultural production was at an ultimate low point in Japan.
 c.)
Lady Murasaki wrote The Tale of Genji.
 d.)
There was an extended period of war and social unrest.

3.3.5

In Hinduism, any individual can worship at a temple in a practice known as __________.

This loving devotion is often directed toward a personal god, rather than an abstract deity.
 a.)
bhakti
 b.)
shikhara
 c.)
shakti
 d.)
tantra
 b.)Incorrect.
Shikhara is the roof of a Hindu temple. It is not a practice of loving devotion to a deity.

 a.)Correct.
This is correct. Bhakti is loving devotion to a deity.

Hindu temples are sometimes decorated with mithuna sculptures, depicting couples engaged in
sexual union in order to create divine energy as protection from evil forces. 

Other images might depict forms of bhakti, or individual __________ to a deity.

 a.)
moral order
 b.)
 ritual practices
 c.)
loving devotion
 d.)
life forces
 c.)Correct.
Correct. Bhakti is loving devotion to a deity.

What term describes a pillared outdoor hall for public ceremonies?

 a.)
Garbhagriha

 b.)
Mandapa
 c.)
Tantra
 d.)
Shikhara

 b.)Correct.
This is correct.

3.4.1

How is the city of Teotihuacan arranged?

 a.)
Along the banks of a major river
 b.)
On an axial plan
 c.)
Along a hillside
 d.)
Along a series of curving avenues
 b.)Correct.
The city of Teotihuacan is arranged along a central line, or axis.

The Olmec and Aztec were civilizations that flourished during the __________ period of
Mesoamerican history.
  a.)
mesolithic
 b.)
pre-Columbian
 c.)
neolithic
 d.)
archaic
The colossal head is an example of art from the __________ civilization, which was located
in the region known as Mesoamerica.
 a.)
Moche
 b.)
Aztec
 c.)
Maya
 d.)
Olmec
 d.)Correct.
This is correct. The Olmecs were known for their colossal sculptures.
3.4.2 Which of the characteristics listed below describes this artwork?
  a.)
Relief sculpture
 b.)
Stele
 c.)
Hieroglyphics
 d.)
Portraiture
 c.)Incorrect.
Hieroglyphics are pictorial representations of ideas or concepts. This is a sculpture of a
man's head; it is not a pictorial representation.

 d.)Correct.
This is an image of an individual, which is also known as a portrait.

Which of the following is an architectural technique used by the Maya?

 a.)
Ogival dome
 b.)
Rib vault
 c.)
Pendentive
 d.)
Corbel vault
 d.)Correct.
Corbel vaulting can be found on many Mayan temples and structures.

Which of the following is a stylistic aspect specific to Mayan art?

 a.)
Sculptures that depict people transforming into jaguars and other animals
 b.)
Vessels shaped like a person’s head that seem to depict individuals
 c.)
A tendency to depict faces in profile in two-dimensional art
 d.)
Colossal portrait heads weighing several tons
 c.)Correct.
This is correct.
3.4.3

Enormous images of spiders, hummingbirds, and other animals were carved into the
ground by the __________ civilization.
 a.)
Inca
 b.)
Nazca
 c.)
Maya
 d.)
Olmec
 e.)
Moche
 e.)Incorrect.
The Moche were known for producing painted portrait bottles, not geoglyphs.

 b.)Correct.
The Nazca were known for their huge geoglyphs.

The __________ civilization was known for producing portrait bottles.

 a.)
Olmec
 b.)
Moche
 c.)
Inca
 d.)
Aztec
 e.)
Nazca
The Gateway of the Sun, built by an ancient civilization at __________, is a wonderful and
mysterious example of monumental sculpture.
 a.)
Teotihuacan
 b.)
Palenque
  c.)
Tikal
 d.)
Tenochtitlan
 e.)
Tiwanaku
 e.)Correct.
This is correct.

Which two of the following works of art were produced by ancient South American
civilizations?
 a.)
 b.)


 c.)
 d.)
 e.)
  f.)

 Answer Rationale
The Stele at Tiwanaku and the Nazca geoglyphs were both produced by ancient South
American civilizations. The Macy Jug and Islamic script are both from Iran. The
Lindisfarne carpet page is from the British Isles. The mural of Quetzelcoatl is from
Mesoamerica.
Which two of the following works of art were produced by ancient South American
civilizations?
 a.)
 b.)

 c.)
 d.)
 e.)

 f.)
  Answer Rationale
The Moche portrait bottle and the Nazca geoglyphs are both South American. The bowl
with Kufic border and the muqarnas vault are Islamic, not South American. The purse
cover is from the British Isles. The small Olmec figure is from Mesoamerica, not South
America.

Which two of the following works of art or architecture are Mayan?

 a.)
 b.)
 c.)
 d.)
 e.)
 f.)

 Answer Rationale
The Temple at Tikal and the Stele from Tikal are both Mayan. The colossal head is
Olmec. The Gateway of the Sun and the Stele from Tiwanaku are from a pre-Columbian
Bolivian civilization. The Temple of the Sun is a Mesoamerican temple at Teotihuacan,
but it is not Mayan.