Term 2 Exams – 2020-21

Double Award Physics

Name: ____Mohamed Ibrahim_______________ Form: _______

Date: 2nd March 2021 Time Duration: 2 hours
Teacher: Disha
Total Marks
You must have:
Ruler, calculator, protractor

Instructions:
* Use black ink or ball-point pen.

* Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.

* Answer all questions.

* Answer the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.

* Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.

* Some questions must be answered with a cross in the box. If you change your mind about an answer, put a line
through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross.

Information:
* The total mark for this paper is 110.

* The marks for each question are shown in brackets- use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each
question.

Advice:
* Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.

* Check your answers if you have time at the end.

1
Questions
Q1.

The diagram shows a water wave.

(a) (i) The amplitude of the wave is

(1)

   A    1 cm

   B    2 cm

   C    4 cm

   D    8 cm

(ii) The wavelength of the wave is

(1)

   A    2 cm

   B    4 cm

   C    8 cm

   D    20 cm

(b) Describe one difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.

Draw a labelled diagram to help your answer.
(3)

      transverse has a peaks and trough, vibrations are at right angle to the direction
longitudinal is consists of compression and rarefactions, vibrations are in the same direction as the
direction of travel
 ..............................................................................................................................................

      ..............................................................................................................................................

(c) State two properties that are the same for all electromagnetic waves.
(2)
1......all of them travel in a straight line .......................................................................

2
2........all of them are transverse wave........................................................................................

(d) Some types of wave are used in hospitals.

(i) A scanner uses one type of wave to check for broken bones.

The type of wave emitted by the scanner is

(1)

   A    infrared

   B    microwaves

   C    sound

   D    X rays

(ii) An image of the bone is seen because the waves from the scanner are
(1)

   A    absorbed by the bone

   B    reflected by the bone

   C    refracted by the bone

   D    transmitted by the bone

(iii) Name one type of wave that is used in cancer treatment and explain what it
does during the treatment.
(2)
Type of wave ............... Radiation therapy...............................
Explanation of what it does

Radiation therapy is a form of cancer treatment that uses radiation to kill cancer cells

or keep them from growing and dividing. Radiation therapy may be used in
conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy to treat cancer.

      
 
(Total for question = 11 marks)

3
4
Q2.
 
(a)  These sentences are about astronomy.
Complete the sentences by writing words in the blank spaces.
(4)
The Earth is an astronomical object.

One astronomical object smaller than the Earth is ............ Rogue planets......
Two astronomical objects larger than the Earth are ................................... and ....................................

The Milky Way is the name given to our...solar system .............

(b)  The diagram shows the path followed by a comet as it moves around the Sun.
A, B, C, D and E are points on the comet's orbit.

(i)  State the name of the force that causes the comet to orbit the Sun.
(1)
.... force is the gravitational attraction .............................................................
(ii)  At which of the points shown is the force on the comet greatest?
(1)
..........B................................................................
(iii)  Draw an arrow at point D to show the direction of the force acting on the comet.

red arrow is the gravitational force pulling the comet

(1)
(iv)  At which of the points shown does the comet have the greatest kinetic energy?
(1)
............A.........................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

5
Q3.
 
The diagram shows an electric motor.

(a)  This electric motor needs a direct current (d.c).

(i)  Explain what is meant by the term direct current.
(1)
... direct current is the flow through the wire and it experiences a turning effect due to the force exerted
on it in the magnetic field

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii)  Explain the purpose of the brushes and the commutator in a d.c. motor.
(3)
The function of brushes in DC motors is to supply the current to the commutator from
an external dc source. Whereas the function of the brushes in a DC generator is to
collect the current from the commutator and supply it to the external load circuit.
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii)  The motor turns clockwise when the direction of the current goes from + to – .
State what happens to the motor when both the magnetic field and the current are reversed.
(1)
the direction of forces acting on the sides of the coil, and the rotation of
.....
the motor will reverse. 
.............................................................................................................................................

6
(b)  The photograph shows a machine at a coal mine.

The machine lifts containers of coal from the mine and lowers empty containers down.
The machine uses an electric motor connected to a 600 V d.c. supply.

The maximum current in the motor is 4000 A.

(i) State the equation linking power, current and voltage.

(1)
P = V x I  Power = Voltage x Current
(ii) Calculate the maximum power available from the motor.
(2)
4000 x 600 =2,400,000

maximum power = ....... 2,400,000..... MW

(c)  The machine lifts a load weighing 400 000 N through 190 m.

(i)  State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved.
(1)
Work done = force x distance moved
(ii) Calculate the work done on the load.
400,000 x 190=76,000,000

(2)

7
 work done on load = .......... 76,000,000................. J

(d)  The machine uses an average (mean) power of 1.9 MW to do 67 MJ of work.

(i)  Calculate the time needed to do this work.
(3)
Energy = power x time
67 / 1.9 = time

35.263157865

time = .............35................. s

(ii)  State the effect of using a lower average power to do this work.

(1)
......not I heavy/big thing to push and pull..................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 15 marks)
 
Q4.
 
The photograph shows an electrical appliance called a toaster.

(a)  The toaster has a power of 1800 W when operating at a voltage of 230 V.

(i)  State the equation linking power, current and voltage.
(1)

P = V x I  Power = Voltage x Current
8
(ii)  Show that the current in the toaster is about 8 A.
(2)

1800/230 = 7.8260869565
=8A

(iii)  Which fuse rating would be suitable for the toaster?

(1)
  A     1 A
  B     3 A
  C     7 A
  D     13 A

(b)  The toaster uses mains electricity.

Mains electricity provides alternating current.
(i)  Describe the difference between alternating current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.).
(2)
Direct current (d.c.) is a one-way flow of electrons from negative to positive terminals
of a power supply. Alternating current (a.c.) is an oscillation of electrons or 'back and
forward' movement .........................................................

(ii)  State a source of direct current.

(1)
................... Batteries...............................................................................
 
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q5.
 
This question is about parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a)  Which of these parts has the longest wavelength?

(1)
  A    gamma
  B    infrared
  C    radio
  D    visible

9
(b)  State two properties that are the same for all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(2)
1 ....  waves are amplitude, a characteristic frequency and wavelength...................

2 ....... They travel at the same speed through empty space...................................

(c)  Discuss a use and a harmful effect for three parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(6)
1 Gamma rays can be used to sterilise medical instruments; however, they can cause cancer.
.............................................................................................................................................

2 Ultraviolet waves can be used for security on bank notes; however, they can cause sunburn and
blindness. .............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

3 Microwaves can be used for heating up food, however, they can also heat up cells of the body which can be
harmful. .............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 9 marks) 

Q6.

This question is about an electric kettle.

10
(a) The Sankey diagram represents the energy transfers taking place when the kettle
heats some water.

What is the efficiency of the kettle?

(1)

   A    0.1

   B    0.9

   C    200

   D    1800

(b) Why does the heating element in the kettle get hot when its electrical supply is
switched on?
(2)
      the element or coil of heater becomes red-hot and gives out heat. The element becomes red-hot
because a lot of heat is produced in it on passing current      ........

      ..............................................................................................................................................

(c) The power of the heating element in the kettle is 2000 W when it is connected to a
230 V mains supply.
(i) State the equation linking power, current and voltage.
(1)

P = V x I  Power = Voltage x Current
2000/230=8.6956521739

(ii) Show that the current in the heating element is approximately 9 A.

11
 (2)
2000/230=8.6956521739  9

Current = ......................9...................... A

(iii) The plug of the kettle has a fuse.

Fuses are available in values of

1 A        3 A        7 A        13 A
Identify the fuse that is the most suitable for this kettle and explain why.
(2)
      13 A because the current flowing throws the kettle is higher than the other options and that will not let
the current pass throw because the fuse will melt

      ..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q7.
 
The diagram shows some gas particles in a container.

The piston can be moved in or out to change the volume of the gas.

(a)  Add arrows to the diagram to show the random motion of the gas particles.

red arrow = the movement of the gas particles (2)

(b)  Explain how the motion of the gas particles produces a pressure inside the container.
(3)
Gas pressure is caused when gas particles hit the walls of their container. The more
often the particles hit the walls, and the faster they are moving when they do this, the
12
higher
the pressure. .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c)  State what would happen to the pressure if you pushed the piston into the container without changing
the temperature.
(1)
........... As you try to force the piston further and further into the cylinder, it becomes harder to push in. That
tells you the pressure is increasing. It is that pressure that is pushing back and making it hard to push the cylinder
down. ..................................................................

(d)  When the gas in the container is heated, the piston moves outwards.
Place ticks against the three correct statements.
(3)

 
(Total for question = 9 marks)
 
Q8.
 
(a)  Wind turbines are used to generate electricity.

13
 What is the useful energy transfer in a wind turbine?
(1)
   A    chemical to kinetic
   B    electrical to kinetic
   C    kinetic to chemical
   D    kinetic to electrical

(b)  Wind turbines use a renewable energy resource to generate electricity.

State two other methods of generating electricity using renewable energy resources.
(2)
1 ........  Solar...................................................................................................

2 ..........  hydroelectric.....................................................................................................

(c)  Modern wind turbines operate with an efficiency of 30%.

(i)  State a type of energy that is wasted by the wind turbine.
(1)
.... sound And Heat....................................................................................................
(ii)  Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for a modern wind turbine.
(3)

 
(Total for question = 7 marks)
14
Q9.
 
(a)  Which diagram shows the reflection of a ray of light at a plane mirror?
(1)

(b)  The diagram below shows a ray of light as it passes from air into a glass block.
The angle of incidence is 43° and the light is refracted as shown.

(i) On the diagram, draw the normal for this refraction.

(1)
(ii)  On the diagram, mark the angle of refraction.

15
 (1)
(iii)  Measure the angle of refraction.
(1)
angle of refraction = ............30........................ °
(iv)  State the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction.
(1)
N=sin i/sin r

(v)  Calculate the refractive index of the glass.

(2)
N=sin i/sin r

refractive index = ...................30..........................

(c)  The diagram shows how light can travel in a glass fibre.

(i)  What is the name given to the effect shown?

(1)
.................optical fibre ......................................................................................

(ii)  Explain what is happening to the light in the glass fibre.

(3)
The light in a fibre-optic cable travels through the core by constantly bouncing from the cladding, a
principle called total internal reflection.

16
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 11 marks) 

Q10.

Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon.

It has the symbol

(a) (i) The number of nucleons in a carbon-14 nucleus is

(1)

   A    6

   B    8

   C    14

   D    20

(ii) The number of nucleons in a carbon-14 nucleus

(1)

   A    6

   B    8

   C    14

   D    20

(iii) The number of electrons in a neutral carbon-14 atom is

(1)

   A    6
17
    B    8

   C    14

   D    20

(b) When carbon-14 decays it emits a beta particle.

What is a beta particle?
(1)

   A    an electron

   B    a neutron

   C    a nucleus

   D    a proton

(c) Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years.

A sample of cloth contains 6.0 g of carbon-14.
What mass of carbon-14 will remain in the cloth after 11 400 years?
(1)

   A    1.5 g

   B    2.0 g

   C    2.5 g

   D    3.0 g

(d) The carbon atoms in the cloth are mainly atoms of carbon-12, a different isotope of carbon.
What are isotopes?
(2)
      Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but that have a different number of neutrons. 

      isotopes are elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
      ..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

18
Q11.
 
A bus travels along a straight road.

The graph shows how the velocity of the bus changes during a short journey.

(a) (i)  State the velocity of the bus after 25 s.

(1)

velocity = ............................................ m/s

(ii)  How long is the bus stationary during its journey?

(1)
20 -10 + 53-45

time = ...........18.................... s

(b) (i)  State the equation linking acceleration, change in velocity and time taken.
(1)
a) = (Velocity)/ (Time) = (Change in Velocity)/ (Change in Time) = m/s2

(ii)  Calculate the acceleration of the bus during the first 10 seconds.

Give the unit.
(3)
12-0/10=1.2

acceleration = .........1.2......... unit ....M/S2......

19
(c) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)
 Speed =distance /time taken.

(ii)  The bus moves a total distance of 390 m during the journey.

Calculate the average speed of the bus.
(2)
390/50s=7.8

average speed = ...................7.8......... m/s

(d)  The bus travels further in the first 30 seconds of its journey than it does during the last 30 seconds.

Explain how the graph shows this.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 11 marks)
 
Q12.
 
A student finds this representation of nuclear fission on a website.

20
(a)  Describe what happens when nuclear fission of uranium occurs.
(3)
when uranium 235 nucleus undergoes fission, the nucleus splits into two smaller
nuclei, along with a few neutrons and release of energy in the form of heat and
gamma rays..............................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b)  The daughter nuclei move off with high speed.

Name the type of energy that this gives them.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 4 marks)
 Q13.
 

The driver of a car sees an obstacle in the road and stops the car as quickly as possible.

The car stops without hitting the obstacle.

State three factors that could have affected the stopping distance of the car.
(3)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

3 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

21