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English
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Direct and Reported Speech

(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT)

A Joint Project of the
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY
And

DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

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English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery M ode
Quarter 1 – M odule 5: Direct and Reported Speech
First Edition, 2019

Development Team of the Module

Author: Guendolyn I. Lañojan
Editors: Luz D. Cortez, Marinol S. Azcuna and Elma S. Quimpo
Reviewer: Josephine M. Cuenca
Illustrator: Ma. Kate Ivory M. Cuenca
Layout Artist: Ma. Kate Ivory M. Cuenca
Management Team:

Virgilio P. Batan Jr. CESO VI, Schools Divisions Superintendent

Lourma I. Poculan CESE, Asst. Schools Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero, DM – Chief, CID
Nur N. Hussien,Ed.D – Chief, SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag –EPSpvr LRMS
Leo Martine O. Alejo – PDO II - LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region IX- Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog(065) 212 – 6986

E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 What I Need to Know
This module is designe d and written for you to achieve linguistic
competence and to be able to use grammar as a tool or resource in the
comprehension and creation of oral and written discourse efficiently, effectively,
and appropriately according to situation. This helps you learn one of the important
grammar lessons that you need which is the direct and reported speech. The scope
of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. T he
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students, and the lesson is
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

Essential Learning Competency:

Use direct and reported speech appropriately in varied contexts

Learning Objectives:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize the differences between direct and reported speech;

2. correct punctuation when writing quotes;
3. become familiar with verb tense changes required for reported speech;
4. change direct speech into reported speech;
5. demonstrate the use of direct and reported speech in writing; and
6. search famous quotes and turn them into reported speech.

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 What I Know

Directions: Change direct speech into reported speech and vice versa. Choose the
correct answer from the choices given and write it on a separate sheet.

1. Jesus answered, “I am the way, the truth and the life.”

A. Jesus answered that He is the way and the truth and the life.
B. Jesus had answered that He was the way and the truth and the life.
C. Jesus answered that He is the way and the truth and the life.
D. Jesus had answered that He is the way and the truth and the life.

2. M arielle told us that she has two brothers and three sisters.
A. “I have two brothers and three sisters,” Marielle told us.
B. “I had two brothers and three sisters,” Marielle told us.
C. “I am having two brothers and three sisters,” Marielle told us.
D. “I was having two brothers and three sisters,” Marielle told us.

3. Dr. M orris said, “I will be preaching in Israel next month.”

A. Dr. Morris said that he will be preaching in Israel next month.
B. Dr. Morris said that he preached in Israel next month .
C. Dr. Morris said that he will preach in Israel next month.
D. Dr. Morris said that he would be preaching next month.

4. The president mentioned that he wanted to know how he could help health
and care leaders during the covid-19 crisis.
A. “I want to know how I can help health and care leaders during the
covid-19 crisis,” the president mentioned.
B. “I wanted to know how I could help health and care leaders during the
covid-19 crisis,” the president mentioned.
C. “I would like to know how I could help health and care leaders during the
covid- 19 crisis,” the pre sident mentioned.
D. “I wanted to know how I can help health and care leaders during the
covid -19 crisis,” the president mentioned.

5. DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones said that classes would open on August 24.
A. DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones said, “Classes would open on August 24.”
B. DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones said, “Classes will be opened on August 24.”
C. DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones said, “Classes will open on August 24.”
D. DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones said, “Classes have to open on August 24.”

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Lesson
Direct and Indirect Speech
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There are some mistakes that you make more often, and they are typical to
you. And there are such mistakes which are typical for everyone, and no one can
boast of not having made one. The use of direct and indirect speech often becomes
a source of typical grammatical errors in a piece of writing. This can be applied to
both native speakers and to those who learn English as a second, third, or fourth
language. Due to the fact that learning any language is far from easy, you must
remain lenient and do not judge yourself very strictly when you use wrong
grammatical tense or when you are unsure of your choice of words and grammar,
but work hard so that this mistake never repeats itself. Grammar is not acquired
naturally. It needs to be taught. It needs to be studied and learned. And the value
of Direct and Reporte d Speech Lesson is clearly essential for you to gain the ability
to communicate effectively both spoken and written English.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned how to use the past and past
perfect tenses correctly in varied contexts.

Let us try how well you’ve learned. Write the verbs in the correct tense
(simple past or past perfect).

1. When Dianne (start) ______________ to learn English, she (already/learn)

______________Filipino.

2. I (know) ______________her for a very long time before I (meet) _____________her

parents.

3. It (be) ______________cloudy for weeks before it finally (begin) ______________ to

rain.

4. The meat (freeze) _______________ for days before Delia(cook) ______________ it.

5. By the time the covid – 19 pandemic (occur) ________________, people all over the
world (wear) ________________masks.

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 What’s New

Direct Speech - the exact words someone says, set within quotation marks
e.g. “Doing studies as schools reopen will be really important,” said Susan Coffin,
the infectious disease specialist of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Indirect Speech - the reporting of what someone has said, not using his or her
exact words
e.g. Susan Coffin, the infectious disease specialist of the Children’s Hospita l of
Philadelphia, said that doing studies as schools reopen would be really important.

Quoted Speech- another term for direct speech

Reported Speech- another term for indirect speech

Reporting Verbs - verbs used to indicate quoted or reported speech. There are
several reporting verbs but in journalism the most common is say
e.g. The Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said Duterte would appear on
GMA tomorrow.

Quotation M arks - punctuation marks used to indicate that the text represents
the exact words (direct speech) someone has spoken. These punctuation marks
vary from language to language.

Time and Place References - words and phrases that refer to time and place, e.g.,
yesterday, two weeks ago, here, there, etc. These often need to be changed in
reported speech.

What is It

There are only two options when we need to convey other people’s words.
They are direct and indirect speech. The former can be also referred to as quoted
speech while the latter bears such names as reported speech and indirect
discourse.

A direct speech is a sentence that gives a statement or thought in its

original form according to how the original speaker said it. It uses quotation marks.

Examples: My brother said, “I am very busy now.”

“I will see you on Sunday,” my friends mentioned.

A reported speech is a sentence that expresses the content of a statement

without quoting just like what is done in direct speech. The message of the original
speaker is conveyed or reported in your own words. You often need to change verbs
and pronouns to keep the original meaning.
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Examples: My brother said that he was very busy then.
My friends mentioned that they would see me on Sunday.

GRAM M AR RULES W ITH 10 TIPS ON USING DIRECT & REPORTED SPEECH

Tip 1: Conversion Rules as per the Reporting Verb

When the reporting or principal verb is in the past tense, all present tenses of the
direct are changed into the corresponding past tenses.
a) Direct: He said, “I am finished doing my homework.”
b) Reported: He said (that) he was finished doing his homework .

If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tenses of the direct
speech do not change.
a) Direct: He says/will say, “I am finished doing my homework.”
b) Reported: He says/will say “I am finished doing my homework.”

The tense in re ported speech is NOT CHANGED if the words within the quotation
marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action.
a) Direct: My grandmother said, “All of us need water.”
b) Reported: My grandmother said that all of us need water.

Tip 2: Conversion Rules of Present Tense in Direct Speech

Simple Present Changes to Simple Past

a) Direct: "I am excited to perform on stage,” she said.
b) Reported: She said that she was excited to perform on stage.

Present Continuous Changes to Past Continuous

a) Direct: "I am drinking coffee,” he explained.
b) Reported: He explained that he was drinking coffee.

Present Perfect Changes to Past Perfect

a) Direct: She said, "He has watered the plants.”
b) Reported: She said that he had watered the plants.

Tip 3: Conversion Rules of Past & Future Tense

Simple Past Changes to Past Perfect

a) Direct: He said, “Gabriel arrived on Friday."
b) Reported: He said that Gabriel had arrived on Friday.

Past Continuous Changes to Past Perfect Continuous

a) Direct: "We were working in Dipolog City", they told me.
b) Reported: They told me that they had been working in Dipolog City.

Future Changes to Present Conditional

a) Direct: He said, "I will be in Dapitan tomorrow."
b) Reported: He said that he would be in Dapitan the next day.

Tip 4: Changes in Modals

CAN changes into COULD

a) Direct: He said, "I can write a short story."
b) Reported: He said that he could write a short story.

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MAY changes into MIGHT
a) Direct: He said, "I may conduct a webinar.”
b) Reported: He said that he might conduct a webinar.
MUST changes into HAD TO/WOULD HAVE TO
a) Direct: He said, "I must help the covid-19 patients.”
b) Reported: He said that he had to help the covid-19 patients.

Modals that DO NOT Change: would, could, might, should, ought to

a) Direct: He said, "I should wear a face mask in public places.”
b) Reported: He said that he should wear a face mask in public places.

Tip 5: Conversion of Interrogative

Reporting Verb like ‘said/ said to’ changes to asked, enquired or demanded
a) Direct: He said to me, “Where are you going?”
b) Reported: He asked me where I was going.

If sentence begins with auxiliary verb, the joining clause should be if or whether.
a) Direct: He said to them, “W ill you attend the seminar?”
b) Reported: He asked them whether they would attend the seminar.

If sentence begins with ‘wh’ questions then no conjunction is used as the

"question-word" itself act as joining clause.
a) Direct: “W here do you buy your necklace ?” asked the girl.
b) Reported: The girl enquired where I bought my necklace .

Tip 6: Command, Request, Exclamation, Wish

Commands and Requests

Reported Speech is introduced by some verbs like ordered, requested, advised and
suggested. Forbid(s)/ forbade is used for the negative sentences. The imperative
mood is changed into the infinitive.
c) Direct: He said to her, “Please give our visitor a glass of fresh juice.”
d) Reported: He requested her to give their visitor a glass of fresh juice .

Exclamations and W ishes

Reported Speech is introduced by some words like grief, sorrow, happiness,
applaud. Exclamatory sentence changes into assertive sentence and interjections
are removed.
a) Direct: He said, “Alas! I am undone.”
b) Indirect: He exclaimed sadly that he was broke.

Tip 7: Change of Pronouns

The first person of the reported speech changes according to the subject of
reporting speech.
a) Direct: She said, “I am in SPED class.”
b) Reported: She says that she was in SPED class.

The second person of reported speech changes according to the object of reporting
speech.
a) Direct: He says to them, "You have completed your job.”
b) Reported: He tells them that they have completed their job.

The third person of the reported speech doesn't change.

a) Direct: He says, "She is in tenth class.”
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b) Reported: He says that she is in tenth class.

Tip 8: Change of Place and Time

Words expressing nearness in time or place in Direct Speech a re generally changed

into words expressing distance in Indirect Speech.

Now -- then Here – there Ago -- before

Thus – so Today -- that day Tomorrow -- the next day
This -- that Yesterday -- the day before These -- those
Hither—thither Come -- go Hence -- thence
Next week/month -- following week/month

a) Direct: Mary said, “My husband came yesterday.”

b) Reported: Mary said that her husband had come the day before.
c) Direct: Mary says/will say, “My father came yesterday.”

Reported: She says/will say that her had come yesterday. (The reporting verb
‘says’ is in the present tense OR ‘will say’ in future tense; because the time
expression ‘yesterday’ won’t change.)

Tip 9: Punctuation

Words that are actually spoken should be enclosed in quotes and start with a
capital letter

Example: She said, “You are the champion.”

The comma, full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark must be present at the
end of reported sentences and are placed inside the closing inverted comma or
commas.

Example: Peter inquired, “Can I be your partner?”

When the direct speech comes after the information about who is speaking, comma
is used in order to introduce the piece of speech, placed before the first inverted
comma.

Example: The teacher shouted, “Stop talking!”

Example: “Thinking back,” Paolo said, “he didn't expect to win.” (Comma is
used to separate the two reported speech and no capital letter to begin the second
sentence).

Tip 10: Conversion of Reported to Direct Speech

1. The reporting verb, "say" or "said to" is used in its correct tense.
2. The conjunctions "that, to, if or whether etc" should be removed wherever
necessary.
3. Quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and full stop, must be inserted
as per the mood of the sentence.
4. Place a comma before the statement.
5. First letter of the first word of the statement should be capitalized.
6. The past tense is changed into present tense wherever the reporting verb is in
the past tense.
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7. Convert the past perfect either into past tense or present perfect if found
necessary.

What’s More

Activity 1.1 He said what?

Directions: On a separate sheet, complete the sentences in reported speech. Please
note the change of pronouns and verbs.

1. James: I want to tell you something about my holiday in Dipolog City.

Rona: What did he say?
You: He said that __________________________________________
2. Carlo: Some pe ople experienced boredom during the community quarantine.
Alice: What did he say?
You: He said that ___________________________________________
3. Fernan: I choose my favorite spot in the park to eat lunch.
Amy: What did he say?
You: He said that ___________________________________________
4. Randy: God is the creator of the heaven and the earth.
Kristy: What did he say?
You: He said that __________________________________________
5. Tom: I bring towel and a picni c lunch to the beach.
Faith: What did he say?
You: He said that __________________________________________

Activity 1.2 Punctuation for Quoted Speech

Directions: Correct the errors in the following sentences. Rewrite each se ntence on
a separate sheet.

1. “Covid-19 vaccine is very rare.” The doctor said.

____________________________________________________________________________
2. Mrs. Marquez proclaimed: “There will be no class next month.”
____________________________________________________________________________
3. “Can we postpone the second quarter exam until Thursday”? the teachers
exclaimed..
____________________________________________________________________________
4. All new students of ZNNHS must attend the school orientation sa id Mrs. Cruz.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. “There will be no tuition increase this semester,” said the chancellor. In fact,
there will be no tuition increase for the next 2 years.”
____________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Answer this question on a separate sheet.

 What is the significance of using direct and reported speech appropriately

in varied contexts?

What I Can Do

The following tasks will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into
real life situations.
Task 1 – W ords to Live By
These are the snippets of things that famous people have said about their
lives and experiences. Read and report what someone said and write your reflection
and/or realization in life about each of the brief quotable passages on a separate
sheet.
Quoted Speech W hat did the M y Reflection/
Author say? Realization in Life

William Shakespeare
said, “Love all,
trust a few.
Do wrong to none.”

Joel Osteen said,

“If you don’t let go of
the wrong people, the
right people won’t show
up.”
TD Jakes said,
“Be strong enough to
stand up again even
after haters make you
drop to your knees.”
Booker Washington
said, “Associate
yourself with people of
good quality, for it is
better to be alone
than in bad company.”
John Piper said,
“God is most glorified
in us when we are most
satisfied in Him.”
Source:

William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well

www.livelifehappy.com www.success.com
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www.brainyquote.com www.desiringgod.org

Task 2 – There’s Nothing Better than a Good Friend

Sometimes, just talking with your friend openly about your concerns can
help. At such times, being a good friend might involve stepping beyond the usual
boundaries of your friendship. This might mean having a more serious
conversation than you are used of having.
Choose one from the given situations and convert it into a reported speech.
Then, offer up a piece of advice to your friend for the difficult situation he/she
experience s by writing him/her a letter. Be guided with the rubric for advice letter
writing.

Situation Best Life Advice

(changing direct to indirect speech) (a letter of advice)

Friend No. 1
Your friend said, “The opening of classes
is fast approaching, but my parents are
still in Cebu City due to strict
lockdown”.
W hat did your friend say?

Friend No. 2
Your friend told you, “My parents did
not allow me to enroll this school year
because of the corona virus pandemic.”
W hat did your friend tell you?

Friend No. 3
Your friend said, “I fear and worry about
my own health and the health of my
loved ones, and the public health
actions such as social distancing make
me feel isolated and lonely.”
W hat did your friend say?

Please be guided with the 5 parts of a friendly letter in writing a letter of advice.

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Task 3: In Time of Test, Family is the Best!
“Your family is one of the priceless gifts that God gave you in your life. The
relationship that you have built at home countersigns what kind of person you are
today. Your family has a big contribution in molding you as a person.” – Angelica
Royo. In life, we do not thrive alone. We need pillars of support, and our family is a
trustworthy pillar that we need especially when we go through a rough patch. We
also need their words of wisdom every once in a while.
In this activity, you need to ask for an advice or instructions from the family
members who are older than you. Write sente nce/s reporting what they advised
you to do for each of the problems.

Problem Advice Received Reported Speech

(Direct Speech)
Example: I asked, “Father, do you
know what I can do for
Insomnia insomnia?” For insomnia, my father told
me to drink a glass of milk
Father told me, “Yes you before I go to bed.
should drink a glass of milk
before you go to bed.”

Covid-19 Pandemic

Inappropriate Use of
Social Media or Social
Networking Sites
Cyberbullying or
Cyberharassment or
Online Bullying
Negative Emotions
(such as fear, anxiety,
depression, etc)
Immodest or
Improper Dresses

Assessment

Directions: Change direct speech into reported speech and vice versa. Choose the
correct answer from the choices given and write it on a separate sheet.

1. “I am reading an inspiring new book of my favorite author,” she explained.

A. She explained that she is reading an inspiring new book of her favorite author.
B. She explained that she reads an inspiring new book of her favorite author.
C. She explained that she was reading an inspiring new book of her favorite author.
D. She explained that she read an inspiring new book of her favorite author.

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2. Daniela said, “I have a meeting at 4:00.”
A. Daniela said that she had a meeting at 4:00.
B. Daniela said that she will have a meeting at 4:00.
C. Daniela said that she will be having a meeting at 4:00.
D. Daniela said that she would a meeting at 4:00.

3. M other told us, “I may donate my savings to the flood victims.”

A. Mother told us that she may donate her savings to the flood victims.
B. Mother told us that she will donate her savings to the flood victims.
C. Mother told us that she should donate her savings to the flood victims.
D. Mother told us that she might donate her savings to the flood victims.

4. M y best friend asked me, “W hy are you working in Africa?”

A. My best friend asked me why I am working in Africa.
B. My best friend asked me why I work in Africa.
C. My best friend asked me why I worked in Africa.
D. My best friend asked me why I was working in Africa.

5. Paolo said, “I don’t like to eat Filipino desserts such as leche flan, maja
blanca, and buko pie.”
A. Paolo said that he didn’t like to eat Filipino desserts such as leche flan, maja
blanca, and buko pie.
B. Paolo said that he doesn’t like to eat Filipino desserts such as leche flan, maja
blanca, and buko pie.
C. Paolo said that he won’t like to eat Filipino desserts such as leche flan, maja
blanca, and buko pie.
D. Paolo said that he do not like to eat Filipino desserts such as leche flan, maja
blanca, and buko pie.

6. Kathryn mentioned that she had been to Europe twice.

A. Kathryn mentioned, “I should have been to Europe twice.”
B. Kathryn mentioned, “I have been to Europe twice.”
C.Kathryn mentioned, “I would have been to Europe twice.”
D. Kathryn mentioned, “I could have been to Europe twice.”

7. They said that we should be fearless and courageous.

A. They said, “We shall be fearless and courageous.”
B. They said, “We should have to be fearless and courageous.”
C. They said, “We should have been fearless and courageous.”
D. They said, “We should be fearless and courageous.”

8. M r. Jim told Chinette that she had won the grand prize.
A. Mr. Jim told Chinette, “You win the grand prize!”
B. Mr. Jim told Chinette, “You won the grand prize!”
C. Mr. Jim told Chinette, “You will win the grand prize!”
D. Mr. Jim told Chinette, “You must win the grand prize!”

9. She asked me if I had ever been to Region IX provinces.

A. She asked me, “Have you ever been to Region IX provinces?
B. She asked me, “Had you ever been to Region IX provinces?
C. She asked me, “Have you gone to Region IX province s?
D. She asked me, “Did you go to Region IX provinces?

10. He asked me not to agree with them.

A. He said, “Please you should not agree with them.
B. He said, “Please don’t agree with them.
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C. He said, “Please disagree with them.
D. He said, “Please you must not agree with them.

Additional Activities

A. Each of the following sentences contains a mistake in the usage of direct and
reported speech. Spot that mistake from the choices given and write the letter on a
separate sheet.
1. Direct: The old woman said, “I’m very upset with my laboratory results.”
A. Reported: The old woman said that she is very upset with her laboratory results.
B. Reported: The old woman said that she was very upset with her laboratory
results.

2. Direct: She said, “I have memorized bible verses.”

A. Reported: She said (that) she had memorized bible verses.
B. Reported: She said (that) she memorized bible verses.

3. Direct: The lawyer said, “All people have equal rights.”

A. Reported: The lawyer said that all people had equal rights.
B. Reported: The lawyer said that all people have equal rights.

4. Direct: My husband said to them, “Will you come for our baby’s dedication?”
A. Reported: My husband said to them will they come for our baby’s dedication?
B. Reported: My husband asked them whether they would come for our baby’s
dedication.

5. Direct: The 80-year old American man said, “Ah! I’m dying.”
A. Reported: The 80-year old American man exclaimed with sorrow that
he was dying.
B. Reported: The 80-year old American man said that Ah he was dying.

B. Complete the following famous quotes.

1. “There’s no remedy for love, but to ___________ more.” – Thoreau

2. “Life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% of how you ___________ to it.”
– Charles Swindoll
3. “The only guarantee to failure is to stop ____________.” – John Maxwell
4. “Weak people revenge. Strong people ____________. Intelligent people ignore.”
– Albert Einstein
5. Kindness is the ____________ which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.”
- Mark Twain

C. Search for 3 famous quotes and turn them into reported speech.

Famous Quote Reported Speech

1.

2.

3.
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References

1. Glencoe. (2000).Grammar and Composition Handbook, High School 1. Ohio, USA:

Glencoe/MCGraw-Hill

2. https://learningpundi ts.com/module-view/27-direct-&-indirect-speech/1-english-
grammar-tips---direct-&-indirect-speech/

3. https://www.ef.com/ca/english-resources/english-grammar/tense-changes-
when-using-reported-speech/

4. file:///C:/Users/USER/Documents/Rubric%20REFLECTION.pdf

5. https://www.rcampus.com/rubri cshowc.cf m?code=E89B52&sp=yes&

6. https://www.sjsu.edu/ajeep/docs/QuitedandReportedSpeech.pdf

7. http://www.wordsworthelt.com/blog/i mportance-of-teaching-english-grammar/

8.https://www.googl e.com/search?q=parts+of+the+friendl y+letter&oq=parts+of+the

&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l6.3021j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

9. William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well

10. www.livelifehappy.com
11. www.success.com
12. www.brainyquote.com
13. www.desiringgod.org

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 Answer Key

W hat I Know W hat’s In W hat’s M ore

1. A 1. started Activity 1.1

2. A had already learned 1. he w anted to tell something
3. D 2. had know n about his holiday in Dipolog
4. A met City
5. C 3. had been 2. some people had
began experienced boredom during
4. had been frozen the community quarantine
cooked 3. he chose his favorite spot in
5. occurred the park to eat lunch
had w orn 4. God is the creator of the
heaven and the earth
5. he brought tow el and a
picnic lunch to the beach

Activity 1.2
1. “Covid-19 vaccine is very
rare,” the doctor said.
2. Mrs. Marquez proclaimed,
“T here w ill be no class next
month.”
3. “Can w e postpone the first
quarter exam until T hursday?”
the students asked.
4. “All new students of ZNNHS
must attend the school
orientation,” said Mrs. Cruz.
5. “T here w ill be no tuition
increase this semester,” said
the chancellor. “In fact, there
w ill be no tuition increase for
the next 2 years.”

W hat I have Learned W hat I can Do Assessment

Answ ers are expressed T ask 1- Answ ers may vary 1. C

differently. T ask 2- Answ ers may vary 2. A
T ask 3- Answ ers may vary 3. D
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. B

Other Activi ties

A. B.
1. A 1. love
2. B 2. react
3. A 3. trying
4. A 4. forgive
5. B 5. language

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