Physics Unit & Mesaurement
Physics Unit & Mesaurement
Physics Unit & Mesaurement
SCIENCE
Systematic study of anything is known as Science.
Physics
Physics, is a branch of natural science which deals with nature and natural
Phenomena.
Branch of Physics
There are several branch of physics. Some of them are as follow:
Core Branch
Mechanics; Heat and thermodynamics;
Optics; Waves and oscillations;
Electricity and magnetism; Atomic and nuclear physics;
Electronics
Applied Branch
Biophysics Chemical physics
Astrophysics, Soil physics,
Geophysics etc.,
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
Physics, Technology and Society
Technology is the application of the principles of physics for the manufacture of
machines, gadgets etc. and improvements in them, which leads to better quality of our
physical life. For example:
Different types of Engines (steam, petrol, diesel etc.) are based on the laws of
thermodynamics.
Means of communication e.g. radio, telephone, television etc. are based on the
propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Generation of electricity is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Nuclear reactors – are based on the phenomenon of controlled nuclear fission.
Jet aero planes and rockets are based on Newton’s second and third laws of
motion.
X–rays, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays are used in medical science for diagnostic
and healing purposes.
Mobile phones, calculators and computers are based on the principles of
electronics.
Lasers are based on the phenomenon of population inversion, and so on.
Physical Law
Physical laws are typical conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and
observations over many years and which have been accepted universally within the
scientific community. The laws of physics are expressed in terms of physical quantities
Physical laws are:
True at least within their regime of validity.
Universal. They appear to apply everywhere in the universe.
Simple. They are typically expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation.
Absolute. Nothing in the universe appears to affect them.
Stable. Unchanged since discovered
Omnipotent. Everything in the universe apparently must comply with them.
Physical Quantity
Natural phenomena which can be measured is known as Physical Quantity.
Type of Physical Quantity
a. Fundamental or base Physical Quantity
b. Derived Physical Quantity
Unit
Standard which is used to measure physical quantity
Characteristics of a Unit :
A unit should have the following character
It should be well defined.
It should be a suitable size.
It should be easily accessible.
It should be easily reproducible.
It should not change with time.
It should not change with change in physical conditions like temperature,
pressure etc.
Need of Measurement
For complete and proper study of any phenomenon, measurement of quantities
involved is essential. For example, to study the motion of a particle, measurement of its
displacement, velocity, and acceleration at any instant to be made accurately
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
For measurement, each physical quantity is assigned a unit this unit must be
compared with a standard unit acceptable to all. In science, international agreement on
the basic units is absolutely essential
Measurement
It is process by which physical quantity is compare with unit.
Measurement = Numerical Value (n) x Unit (U)
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n ∝ 𝑈 or n1u1=n2u2
Conversion factor of a unit in two system of units:
System of Unit
Set of unit is collectively known as System of Units. Some of common System of
Units are as follow:
CGS System
It is also known as British System. In this System three base unit is used which
are as follow:
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
for Système International d’Unités for the International System of units. The system is
popularly known as the metric system.
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second S
Electric Current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Luminous Intensity Candela Cd
Amount of Substance Mole mol
ADVANTAGES OF SI
1. SI is a coherent system of units i.e. a system based on a certain set of fundamental
units, from which all derived units are obtained by multiplication or division
without introducing numerical factors i.e. units of a given quantity are related to
one another by powers of 10.
2. SI is a rational system of units, as it assigns only one unit to a particular physical
quantity.
For example joule is the unit for all types of energy. This is not so in other systems
of units. e.g. in MKS system, mechanical energy is in joule, heat energy is in calorie
and electric energy is in watt hour.
3. SI is an absolute system of units. There are no gravitational units on the system.
The use of factor ‘g’ is thus eliminated.
4. S.1 is a metric system i.e. the multiples and submultiples of units are expressed
as powers of 10.
5. In current electricity, the absolute units on the S.I, like ampere for current, volt
for potential difference, ohm for resistance, henry for inductance, so on, happen to be
the practical units for measurement of these quantities.
Nomenclature and Symbols
Symbols for units should not contain a full stop and should remain the same
in the plural. For example, the length of a pencil should be expressed as
7cm and not 7cm. or 7cms.
Double prefixes should be avoided when single prefixes are available,e.g., for
nanosecond, we should write ns and not mμs; for pico farad we write pF and
not μμf.
When a prefix is placed before the symbol of a unit, the combination of prefix
and symbol should be considered as one symbol, which can be raised to a
positive or a negative power without using brackets, e.g., μs–1, cm2, mA2.
μs–1 = (10–6s)–1 (and not 10–6s–1)
Do not write cm/s/s for cms–2. Similarly 1 poise = 1 gs–1cm–1 and not
1g/s/cm.
When writing a unit in full in a sentence, the word should be spelt with the
letter in lower case and not capital, e.g., 6 hertz and not 6 Hertz.
For convenience in reading of large numbers, the digits should be written in
groups of three starting from the right but no comma should be used:
1 532; 1 568 320.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
Mass
The SI unit of mass is kilogram. The standard kilogram was established in 1887.
It is the mass of a particular cylinder made of platinum-iridium alloy, which is an
unusually stable alloy. The standard is kept in the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures in Paris, France. The prototype kilograms made of the same alloy have been
distributed to all countries the world over. For India, the national prototype is the
kilogram no. 57. This is maintained by the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi
Length
The SI unit of length is metre. “One metre is defined as the distance travelled by
1
light in vacuum in a time interval of second.”
299792458
This definition of metre is based on the adoption of the speed of light in vacuum as
299792458 ms–1
Time
“One second is defined as the time required for a Cesium - 133(133Cs) atom to
undergo 9192631770 vibrations between two hyperfine levels of its ground state.”
The cesium clock maintained by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in India has an
uncertainty of ± 1 × 10–12 s, which corresponds to an accuracy of one picosecond in a
time interval of one second.
Ampere
Suppose two long straight wires with negligible cross-section are placed parallel to
each other in vacuum at a seperation of 1m and electric currents are established in the
two in same direction. The wires attract each other. If equal currents are maintained in
the two wires so that the force between them is 2 × 10–7 newton per meter of the wire,
then the current in any of the wires is called 1A. Here, newton is the SI unit of force
Kelvin
1
The fraction 273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of triple point of water is
called 1K.
Mole
The amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (Molecules
or atoms if the substance is monoatomic) as there are number of atoms in .012 kg of
carbon - 12 is called a mole. This number (number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12) is
called Avogadro constant and its best value available is 6.022045 x 1023.
Candela
The S.I. unit of luminous intensity is 1cd which is the luminous intensity of a
1
blackbody of surface area 600,000 m2 placed at the temperature of freezing platinum and
at a pressure of101,325 N/m2, in the direction perpendicular to its surface.
ORDER OF MAGNITUDE
The power of 10 nearest to the actual value of the magnitude of the quantity is
called order of magnitude
Significant Figures
Those digits in measurement that are known with certainly plus the first uncertain
digit, are called significant figures.
The number of significant figures in any quantity depends upon the accuracy of
the measuring instrument More the number of significant number of figures, less is the
percentage of error in the measurement of the quantity. If there are lesser number of
significant figures (in a measurement) more will be the percentage error in the
measurement
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
Rules
All non-zero digits are significant.
For example, 315.58 has five significant figures.
All zeros between two non-zero digits are significant.
For example,5300405.003 has ten significant figures.
All zeros which are to the right of a decimal point and also to the right of a non-
zero digit are significant.
For example, 50.00 has four significant figures, and so has .04050. It
should be noted that in .04050, the first zero to the right of the decimal is
not significant but, the last zero is significant.
All zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the left of a non-zero digit in a
decimal fraction are not significant.
For example, .00043 has only two significant figures but 2.00023 has 6
significant figures. It is also to be noted that zero conventionally placed to
the left of a decimal point is not significant.
All zero to the right of last of non-zero digit are significant, if they come from some
measurement.
For example, if the distance between two objects is 4050m (measured to the
nearest metre), then 4050 m contains 4 significant figures.
The number of significant figures does not vary with the change in unit.
For example, if the length of an object is 348.6 cm, it has 4 significant
figures. If the length is expressed in metre, then it is equal to 3.486 m. It
still has 4 significant figures.
In a whole number all zeros to the right of the last non zero number are not
significant,
For example 5000 has only one significant figure.
Addition and subtraction of Significant Figure
Suppose we have to add three quantities, 2.7 m, 3.68 m and 0.486 m. In these
quantities, the first measurement is known up to one decimal place only, hence the sum
of these numbers will be definite upto one decimal place only. Therefore, the correct sum
of these numbers should not be written as 6.866 m but 6.9 m.
Similarly, to find the sum of quantities like 2.65 × 103 cm and 2.63× 102 cm, all
quantities should be converted to the same power of 10. These quantities will then be,
2.65× 103 cm and .263× 103 cm. Since, the first number is known upto 2 decimal places,
their sum will also be upto 2 decimal places.
Hence 2.65× 103cm + .263× 103 cm = 2.91× 103 cm.
The same is done with subtraction.
For example the result of subtracting 2.38 cm from 4.6 cm will be 2.2 cm, not 2.22 cm.
Multiplication and division –
Suppose the length of a plate is measured as 3.003 m and its width as 2.26 m.
According to Mathematical Calculation, the area of the plate will be 6.78678 m2. But, it
is not correct in scientific measurement. There are six significant figures in this result.
But, the least number of significant figures (in the width) are only 3. Hence, the
multiplication should also be written up to 3 significant figures. Therefore, the correct
area would be 6.79 m2.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
The same method is applied for division also. For example, dividing 248.57 by 56.9
gives 4.3685413. But, the result should be recorded up to 3 significant figures only as
the least number of significant figures in the given numbers is only 3. Hence, the result
will be 4.37.
Similarly, if a body travels a distance of 1452 m in 142 seconds, its speed according
to mathematical calculations will be m per second or 10.225352 m s–1, but in scientific
measurements it should be 10.2 ms–1, as there are only 3 significant figures in the
number for time.
Value of constants used in Calculation
If the radius (r) of a circle is 3.35 cm, to calculate its area (πr2) the value of
π should be taken upto two places of decimal (i.e π = 3.14, not 3.1416).
Hence, the area of this circle πr2 = (3.14 × 3.35 × 3.35) cm2 = 35.2 cm2, not
35.23865 cm2.
If a measured quantity is multiplied by a constant, all the digits in the
product are significant that are obtained by multiplication.
Example
if the mass of a ball is 32.59 g the mass of 10 similar balls will
be 32.59 × 10 = 325.90 g. Note that there are five significant figures
in the number.
Example
10 * 25.89 = 258.90
Rounding off the Uncertain Digits
Preceding digit is raised by 1 if the insignificant digit to be dropped is more than
5, and is left unchanged if the latter is less than 5.
4.356 = 4.36 (on rounding off up to three significant digits)
4.357 = 4.35 (on rounding off up to three significant digits)
But if the insignificant digit is 5 then if the preceding digit is even, the insignificant
digit is simply dropped and, if it is odd, the preceding digit is raised by 1.
5.3245 = 5.324 (on rounding off up to four significant digits)
5.3275 = 5.328 (on rounding off up to four significant digits)
DIMENSIONS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
It is the Symbolic representation of Physical Quantity. Base physical Quantity have
Unique Symbol and other physical quantity are represented in terms of Base Physical
Quantity.
Physical Quantity Dimension
Mass M
Length L
Time T
Electrical current I
Temperature θ
DIMENSIONAL FORMULA
The expression which shows how and which of the base quantities represent
the dimensions of a physical quantity is called the dimensional formula of the
given physical quantity.
For example, the dimensional formula of the volume is [M° L3 T°],
DIMENSIONAL EQUATION:
An equation obtained by equating a physical quantity with its dimensional
formula is called the dimensional equation of the physical quantity.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
The physical quantities separated by the symbols +, -, =, >,<etc, have the same
dimensions.
DIMENSION ANALYSIS
Dimensional analysis is the process of checking the dimensions of a quantity, or
a combination of quantities. One of the important principles of dimensional analysis is
that each physical quantity on the two side of an equation must have the same
dimensions. Thus if x = p + q, then p and q will have the same dimensions as x. This
helps us in checking the accuracy of equations, or getting the dimensions of a quantity
using an equation.
HOMOGENITY PRINCIPAL OF DIMENSION
The dimensions of physical quantities on the two sides of a
relation/equation/formula must be the same. This is called ‘the Principle of Homogeneity
of Dimensions’
Applications of Dimensions (or dimensional equations)
There are four applications of dimensions (or dimensional equations)
Derivation of a relationship between different physical quantities (or formula);
Checking up of accuracy of a formula (or relationship between different physical
quantities
Conversion of one system of units into another; and
Derivation of units of a physical quantity
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
+ Remember that in science, the results of an investigation are considered
established only if they can be reproduced by investigations conducted elsewhere
under identical conditions.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
[CHECK YOUR SKILL]
1. Anand, Rina and Kaif were asked by their teacher to measure the volume of water
in a beaker.Anand wrote : 200; Rina wrote : 200 mL; Kaif wrote : 200 Lm Which
one of these answers is correct?
1
2. You know that the kinetic energy of a particle of mass m is mv2 while its potential
2
energy is mgh, where v is the velocity of the particle, h is its height from the ground
and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since the two expressions represent the
same physical quantity i.e., energy, and their dimensions must be the same. Let
us prove this by actually writing the dimensions of the two expressions.
3. Experience tells us that the distance covered by a car, say x, starting from rest and
having uniform acceleration depends on time t and acceleration a. Let us use
dimensional analysis to find expression for the distance covered.
4. Find the number of significant figures in the following quantity, quoting the
relevant laws:
(i) 426.69 (ii) 4200304.002 (iii) 0.3040
(iv) 4050 m (v) 5000
5. The length of an object is 3.486 m, if it is expressed in centimetre (i.e. 348.6 cm)
will there be any change in number of significant figures in the two cases.
6. The mass of the sun is 2×1030 kg. The mass of a proton is 2 × 10–27 kg. If the sun
was made only of protons, calculate the number of protons in the sun?
7. Earlier the wavelength of light was expressed in angstroms. One angstrom equals
10–8 cm. Now the wavelength is expressed in nanometers. How many angstroms
make one nano metre?
8 A radio station operates at a frequency of 1370 kHz. Express this frequency in
GHz.
9. How many decimetres are there in a decametre? How many MW are there in one
GW?
10. Experiments with a simple pendulum show that its time period depends on its
length (l) and the acceleration due to gravity (g). Use dimensional analysis to obtain
the dependence of the time period on l and g .
11. Consider a particle moving in a circular orbit of radius r with velocity v and
acceleration a towards the center of the orbit. Using dimensional analysis, show
that a ∝v2/r .
12. You are given an equation: mv = Ft, where m is mass, v is speed, F is force and t is
time. Check the equation for dimensional correctness.
13. A unit used for measuring very large distances is called a light year. It is the
distance covered by light in one year. Express light year in metres. Take speed of
light as 3 x 108 ms–1.
14. Meteors are small pieces of rock which enter the earth’s atmosphere occasionally
at very high speeds. Because of friction caused by the atmosphere, they become
very hot and emit radiations for a very short time before they get completely burnt.
The streak of light that is seen as a result is called a ‘shooting star’. The speed of
a meteor is 51 kms–1 In comparison speed of sound in air at about 200C is 340 ms–
1 .Find the ratio of magnitudes of the two speeds.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
15. The distance covered by a particle in time t while starting with the initial velocity
1
u and moving with a uniform acceleration a is given by s = ut +2 at2. Check the
correctness of the expression using dimensional analysis.
16. Newton’s law of gravitation states that the magnitude of force between two particles
of mass m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is given by
F=Gm1m2/r2
where G is the universal constant of gravitation. Find the dimensions of G.
17. In the following, t will always be a time; x and y will always be distances; m will
be a mass unless otherwise specified; v will usually be a speed unless otherwise
stated.
[a] In the equation x(t) = at2/7, what are the dimensions of a?
[b] In the equation v2 = 3ax (with a from the previous problem), solve for the
dimensions of v.
[c] If 𝑃⃗ = m𝑣/√1 − 𝑣 2 /𝑐 2 , what are the dimensions of c and of p?
[d] An object is moving in a straight line along the xaxis; its velocity is given as
vx(t) = (A + Bt ) /(1 + Ct).What are the dimensions of the constants A, B, and
2
C?
[e] The position of a mass oscillating on the end of a spring is stated to be x(t) =
Asin(𝜔t). What are the dimensions of A and of𝜔?
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
33. Do all physical quantities have dimensions? If no, name three physical quantities
which are dimensionless.
34 If 'slap' times speed equals power, what will be the dimensional equation for 'slap'?
35 Write the dimensions and SI unit of linear momentum.
36 What is the basis of the principle of homogeneity of dimensions?
37 If the units of force and length each are doubled, then how many times would the
unit of energy be affected?
38 Can a quantity have dimensions but still has no units?
39 Can a quantity have different dimensions in different systems of units?
40 On the basis of dimensional equation, the maximum number of unknown that can
be found, is
41 Does the magnitude of a physical quantity depend on the system of units chosen?
42 Justify L + L = L and L - L = L.
43 What Are Dimensional Constants??
44 Round to one significant figure
a. 41982 (b) 8812 (c) 0.0761 (d) 9.99 e. 7819
45 Round to one significant figure
(a) 254 (b) 75301 (c) 0.0001921 d) 0.709 e. 387145
46 Round to three significant figure
a) 2340.1 (b) 84472 (c) 12490 (d) 5607012
47 Round to four significant figure
(a) 0.123456 b) 0.961 (c) 1782739
7.2
48 Write down your answer to three significant figures.
9.1 𝑥2.8
13.2+8.9
49 Write your answer to 2 significant figures
2.3 𝑥 2.3
183−8.92
50 Write your answer to 3 significant figures.
10.4 𝑥 8.75
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
[REVIEW YOUR SKILL ]
1. Assertion: The graph between P a. 57 b. 75
and Q is straight line, when P/Q is c. 29 d. 58
constant. 6. The atomic, molecular and nuclear
Reason: The straight line graph phenomena are the parts of ___
means that P is proportional to Q domain.
or P is equal to constant multiplied (A) macroscopic (B) microscopic
by Q. (C) megascopic (D) electroscopic
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is 7. Nano size of gold has ______ colour.
True; Reason is a correct (A) yellow (B) red
explanation for Assertion (C) pink (D) orange
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; 8. Maxwell’s equations relate to
Reason is not a correct explanation (A) law of gravitation
for Assertion (B) basic laws of electromagnetism
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is (C) laws of electrostatics
False (D) nuclear model of an atom
(D) Assertion is False, Reason is 9. _______ is needed for the
False. experimental verification of various
2. Which of the following theories.
statement is true: (A) Unit (B) Symbol
a. In science we try to make (C) Instrument (D)Measurement
measurements as precisely as 10. Correct unit of Surface tension is
Possible. (A) N/m2 (B) J/m
b. Every measurement must be (C) Jm (D) J/m2
expressed in same units. 11. Which of the following is not the
c. The unit of a physical quantity is unit of energy?
derived by expressing it in base (A) watt-hour (B) electron volt
units fixed by local agreement (C) N/m (D) kg m2 s−2
d. Physicals laws are conclusion 12. If the unit of length and force be
based on hypothesis & personal increased four times, then the unit
view of energy is
3. Match the technology with device (A) Increased 4 times
Technology (B) Increased 8 times
a. Thermodynamic (C) Increased 16 times
b. Electromagnetic Waves. (D) Decreased 16 times
c. Mechanics. 13. Choose the INCORRECT statement
d. Population Inversion . out of the following.
Device (A) Every measurement by any
I. Different type of Engine. measuring instrument has some
II. Laser. error.
III. Communication System. (B) Every calculated physical quantity
IV. JET/Rockets that is based on measured values
a. a-I,b-II,c-III,d-IV has some error.
b. a-I,b-III,c-IV,d-II (C) A measurement can have more
c. a-II,b-III,c-IV,d-I accuracy but less precision and
d. a-III,b-IV,c-I,d-II vice versa.
4. In india which organization (D) The percentage error is different
maintained prototype of unit from relative error.
a. National Physical Laboratory 14. Which of the following adopted for
b. DRDO c. ISRO metre.
d. Ministry of Sc. & Tech. a. Speed of light in Vaccum
5. What is the prototype Number of b. Speed of light in Air
Kilogram (For India) c. Speed of sound in Air
d. Speed of Sound in Vaccum
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
15. A,B,C & D were asked by their 25. In which of following system,
teacher to measure the volume of scientific data can be exchanged
box. Which one of these answer is between different parts of the
correct. world?
a. 200 b. 200 mL (A) M.K.S. (B) C.G.S.
c. 200 Kc d. 200 cm3 (C) F.P.S. (D) S.I.
16. If u1 and u2 are the units selected 26. Out of the following units, which is
in two systems of measurement NOT a fundamental unit?
and n1 and n2 are their numerical (A) newton (B) second
values, then (C) pound (D) kg
(A) n1u1 = n2u2 27. Temperature can be expressed as a
(B) n1u1 + n2u2 = 0 derived quantity in terms of
(C) n1n2 = u1u2 (A) length and mass
(D) (n1+ u1)= (n2 + u2) (B) mass and time
17. Which of the following system of (C) length, mass and time
units is not based on units of (D) none of these
mass, length and time alone? 28. Which of the following is NOT a
(A) S.I. (B) M.K.S derived unit?
(C) F.P.S (D) C.G.S (A) joule (B) erg
18. The physical quantity denoted by (C) dyne (D) mole
mass X pressure / density is 29. Which of the following is the
_______. CORRECT way of writing units?
(A) force (B) momentum (A) 25 ms length (B) 30 Kg
(C) angular momentum (D) work (C) 5 Newton (D) 10 N
19. The reference standard used for 30. The multiplication of 10.610 with
the measurement of a physical 0.210 upto correct number of
quantity is called significant figure is
(A) standard quantity (B) dimension (A) 2.2281 (B) 2.228
(C) constant (D) unit (C) 2.22 (D) 2.2
20. Which of the following is NOT a 31. The mass of the body depends only
characteristic of a good unit? on
(A) It is invariable. (A) temperature. (B) pressure.
(B) It is reproducible. (C) quantity of matter contained in the
(C) It is perishable. body.
(D) It is easily available. (D) location of the body from the
21. Units are classified into ______ observer.
groups. 32. Which of the following represents a
(A) 2 (B) 4 unified atomic mass unit (1u)?
C) 5 (D) 6 (A) 8.333×10−1 of the mass of an
22. A set of fundamental and derived atom of 12C in kg
units is known as _______. (B) 0.8333×10−1of the mass of an
(A) supplementary units atom of 12C in g
(B) system of units (C) 8.333×10−1of the mass of an
(C) complementary units atom of 12C in g
(D) metric units (D) 0.8333×10−1of the mass of an
23. The physical quantity having the atom of 12C in kg
same unit in all the systems of unit 33. In cesium atomic clock ______ is
is _______. used.
(A) length (B) time (A) cesium-122 atom
(C) mass (D) foot (B) cesium-132 atom
24. S.I system of unit contains ____ (C) cesium-133 atom
supplementary unit. (D) cesium-134 atom
(A) 7 (B) 2 34. A ______ is the interval from one
(C) many (D) 4 noon to the next noon.
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MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
(A) mean solar day (B) solar day (B) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
(C) lunar day (D) day Reason is not a correct explanation
35. Planck’s constant has same for Assertion
dimensions as (C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
(A) energy. (C)force. (D) Assertion is False, Reason is False.
(B) angular momentum. (D)mass. 43. Identify wrong Statment:
36. Dimension’s of planck’s constant a. Dimensions are same as the unit.
are same as the dimensions of the b. Two physical quantity have same
product of Unit but dimension never same.
(A) Force and time c. All physical quantity have
(B) Force, displacement and time. dimension.
(C) Force and velocity d. All of them
(D) Force and displacement 44. Which of the following do not have
37. Which of the following set have dimension.
different dimensions? a. Trigonometric Functions
(A) Pressure, Young’s modulus, stress b. Exponential Functions.
(B) E.M.F, potential difference, electric c. Logarithmic Functions
potential d. All of them
(C) Heat, work done, energy 45. With due regard for significant
(D) dipole moment, electric flux, figures, (12.5)2 =
electric field (a) 156.250 (b) 156.25
38. The dimensions of universal (c) 156.2 (d) 156
gravitational constant are 46. S = A(1 − e− ), where S is speed
Bxt
21
MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
(A) 107 N/m (B) 106 N/m 60. The order of magnitude of 49 and
(C) 105 N/m (D) 104 N/m the order of magnitude of 51
(A) is same. (B) differs by 1.
52. A force F is given by F = at + bt2, (C) is 1. (D) is 2.
where ‘t’ is time. What are the 61. The sides of a rectangle are 6.01 m
dimensions of a and b? and 12 m. Taking the significant
(A) [MLT−1] and [MLT0] figures into account, the area of
(B) [MLT−3] and [MLT−4] the rectangle is
(C) [MLT−4] and [MLT] (A) 72.00 cm2 (B) 72.1 cm2
(D) [ML−3T] and [MLT−4] (C) 72 m2 (D) 72.12 cm2
53. The force F is expressed in terms of 62. The force F is expressed in terms of
distance x and time t as F =ax+ bt2. distance x and time t as F = a√𝑥 +
The dimensions of a/b is bt2. The dimensions of a/b is
(A) [M0L-1T−2] (B) [ML1/2T2] (A) [M0L0T−2] (B) [M0L1/2T2]
(C) [M0L−1/2T2] (D) [M0L−1/2T−2]
(C) [ML T ]
−1/2 2
(D) [ML−1/2T−2]
63. The number of significant figures
54. For the equation F ∝ Aa vb dc, where
in all the given numbers 25.12,
F is the force, A is the area, v is the
2009, 4.156 and 1.217 × 10−4 is
velocity and d is the density, the
(A) 1 (B) 2
values of a, b and c are respectively
(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 1, 2, 1 (B) 2, 1, 1
64. The answer of (9.15 + 3.8) with due
(C) 1, 1, 2 (D) 0, 1, 1
regards to significant figure is
55. The period of a body under SHM is
(A) 13.000 (B) 13.00
represented by T = PaDbSc ; where
(C) 13.0 (D) 13
P is pressure, D is density and S is
65. Which statement is false
surface tension.The value of a, b
a. More the number of significant
and c are
−3 1 1 3 number of figures, less is the
(A) , ,1 (B) , ,1 percentage of error
2 2 2 2
(C) 1, 3,1 (D) 1, 2, 1 b. Lesser number of significant less is
56. One micron is related to centimeter the percentage of error
as c. If the side of cube have three
(A) 1 micron = 10−8 cm significant figures. The volume
(B) 1 micron = 10−6 cm may be in two significant figure.
(C) 1 micron = 10−5 cm d. The correct symbol for Gram is g.
(D) 1 micron = 10−4 cm 66. The number of significant figures
57. Three measurements 7.1J, 7.2J in 0.002305 is
and 6.7J are made as experiment (A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 2
the Average result with correct 67. The respective number of
number of significant figures is significant figures for the numbers
(A) 7.1 J (B) 7.06 J 23.023, 0.0003 and 2.1 × 10−3 are
(C) 7.0 J (D) 7J (A) 4, 4, 2 (B) 5, 1, 2
58. Calculate the number of seconds (C) 5, 1, 5 (D) 5, 5, 2
in a day and express it in the 68. The value of the magnitude
order of magnitude. rounded off to the nearest integral
(A) 8.64 ×104 s, 105 s power of 10 is called _______.
(B) 6.84 ×104 s, 104 s (A) significant figure
(C) 8.64 ×105 s, 105 s (B) uncertain number
(D) 6.85 ×104 s, 105 s (C) significant number
59. The radius of the earth is 6400 km, (D) order of magnitude
the order of magnitude is 69. Order of magnitude of (106 + 103) is
(A) 107 m (B) 104 m (A) 1018 (B) 109
(C) 103 m (D) 102 m (C) 10 6 (D) 103
22
MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
𝑥
70. The length of a rod is 0.5 × 102 m, Y = A sin ω(𝑣 − 𝑘) where ω is the
the order of magnitude of the angular velocity and v is the linear
length of the rod is velocity. The dimension of k is
(A) 10 m
3 (B) 102 m (A) LT (B) T
(C) 10 m
1 (D) 10−1 m (C) T−1 (D) T2
71. The charge on the electron is 1.6 ×
10−19 C. The order of magnitude is 81. If the speed of light (c), acceleration
(A) 1019 C (B) 1018 C due to gravity (g) and pressure (p)
(C) 10 −18 C (D) 10−19 C are taken as the fundamental
72. Significant figures depends upon quantities, then the dimension of
the ______ of the measuring gravitational constant is
instrument. (A) [c g0p−2]
2 (B)[c0g2p−1]
(A) length (B) readings
(C) [cg3p−2] D) [c−1g0p−1]
(C) number (D) accuracy
82 The value of acceleration due to
73. The number of significant figures
gravity is 980 cms−2. If the unit of
in 0.0009 is
length is kilometer and that of time
(A) 4 (B) 3 ( C) 2 (D) 1
is minute then value of
74. The number of significant figures
acceleration due to gravity is
in 0.400 is
(A) 980 km min−2 B) 98km min−2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(C) 35.28km min −2 (D)28.35km min−2
75. The number of significant figures
in 0.0500 is
83. Figure which is of some
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
significance but it does not
76. State the number of significant
necessarily denote certainty is
figures in 6.032 J
defined as _______.
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
(A) special figures
77. Out of the following pairs, which
(B) characteristic figures
one does NOT have identical
(C) unknown figures
dimensions?
(D) significant figures
(A) Energy and moment of force
(B) Work and torque
84. Dimension of angular momentum
(C) Density and surface energy
(A) [ML2T–2] (B) [ML–2T–1]
(D) Pressure and stress
(C) [ML2T–1] (D) [ML0T–1]
78. Using the principle of homogeneity
85. Dimension of surface tension is
of dimensions, find which of the
following relation is correct? [T (A) [ML2T2] (B) [ML0T−2]
is the time period, a is the radius (C) [ML2T 2]
−
(D) [M0 L0T−2]
of the orbit and M is the mass of 86. The number of significant figures
the sun.] in all the given numbers 25.12,
(A) T2 = 4π2a3/G 2009, 4.156 and1.217 × 10−4 is
(B) T2 = 4π2a3/GM (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) T2 = 4π2a3 (C) 3 (D) 4
(D) T2 = 4π2a3/GM2
87. Light year is a unit for the
79. Find the dimensions of (a/b) in the measurement of _______.
equation: P = (a-t2)/(bx), Where P is (A) distance (B) time
pressure, x is distance and t is (C) temperature
time. (D) luminous intensity
(A) [MLT−2] (B) [ML0T−2] 88. Which of the following quantity is
(C) [M−1L−2T2] (D) [ML−2T2] expressed as force per unit area?
(A) work (B) pressure
80. The equation of a wave is given by
(C) volume (D) density
89. The physical quantity having the
unit dyne(gm)−1 is _______.
23
MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
(A) velocity (B) mass (A) 10 N/m2 (B) 102 N/m2
(C) force (D) acceleration (C) 10−2 N/m2 (D) 10−1 N/m2
90. The SI unit of luminous intensity is 93 The fundamental physical
_______. quantities that have same
(A) watt (B) lux dimensions in the dimensional
(C) lumen (D) candela formulae of torque and angular
91. Which of the following is a momentum are
supplementary unit? (A) mass, time (B) time, length
(A) steradian (B) candela (C) mass, length (D) time, mole
(C) kelvin (D) pascal
92. The pressure of 103 dyne/cm2 is
equivalent to
24
MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
ANSWER
1. 200 mL 2. ML2T-2 3. x ∝ at2.
4. i. 5 ii.10 iii.4 iv.4 v.1
5. No 6 1057 7 10 8 1.370 x 10-3
𝑙
9 100 , 103 10. t∝ √𝑔 12. True 13. 9.46 × 1015 m.
25
MINDSETCLASSES PHYSICS-UNIT & DIMENSION
1 A 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 D
11 C 12 C 13 C 14 A 15 D 16 A 17 A 18 D 19 D 20 C
21 A 22 B 23 B 24 B 25 D 26 A 27 D 28 D 29 D 30 C
31 C 32 D 33 C 34 B 35 B 36 B 37 D 38 B 39 C 40 A
41 D 42 B 43 D 44 D 45 D 46 A 47 B 48 D 49 A 50 C
51 C 52 B 53 A 54 A 55 A 56 D 57 C 58 A 59 A 60 b
61 B 62 C 63 D 64 C 65 C 66 B 67 B 68 D 69 C 70 B
71 D 72 D 73 D 74 C 75 B 76 A 77 C 78 B 79 B 80 B
81 B 82 C 83 D 84 C 85 B 86 D 87 A 88 B 89 D 90 D
91 A 92 B 93 C
26