Involute Gear Gear Nomenclature

INVOLUTE GEAR
GEAR NOMENCLATURE
Figure. 1
STEPS IN DRAWING AN INVOLUTE GEAR

1.Calculate the diameter of the gear circles;
PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M)

Addendum circle (outer)Diameter=PCD+2Module
Dedendum(root/inner) circle Diameter=PCD-(2(Module+Clearance))
2.Calculate the tooth parameters;
π
Circular pitch (CP)=PCD×
T . no .
CP
Tooth thickness (t)=
2
Clearance =Gear Constant × Module;-C×M
Addendum =Module:-M
Deddendum =( Gear constant + 1)×Module;-(C+1)M
width
Radius of curves=
7
3.Draw the pitch circle, Addendum circle Dedendum circle and Clearance circle.
o
Figure. 2
4. Draw the base circle as follows;
 Draw a line tangent to the pitch circle at p as shown; This is called common tangent
 Measure the pressure angle from the line as shown and draw a line; This is called the line of
action
 On the side that the action line gets below the pitch circle, measure the pressure angle at the
Centre of the circle,
 Draw a line that subtends the pressure angle at the Centre of the circle such that it cuts the line of
action
 Label the point at which the line cuts the line of action as J figure 2 above; This is the point at
which the base circle is tangential to the base circle.
 Draw the base circle radius OJ, from the Centre of the gear. Base circle is also called the
generating circle.
Figure. 3
5.Draw the involute profile as follows;
 Starting from the pitch point, along pitch circle mark the tooth thickness as P,P 1,P2,P3 etc. just for
use as boundaries from tooth to space .
 The involute arc radius is estimated; take a measurement equal to, slightly bigger or slightly
smaller than PB
 The first arc is drawn through the pitch point;-With compass at P, locate the Centre of the
involute curve on the base circle, in this case the arc radius is equal to PB so the Centre will be
B,now draw the involute arc Centre B, radius PB, it will pass through P.
 To draw the other involute for the first tooth ,Again locate the Centre for the involute on the base
circle, NB/ the radius chosen for the involute curve radii is constant, Therefore PB remains our
radius for all the profiles. Now with PB as radius and Centre p1 on the pitch circle where the
involute must pass, mark an arc on the generating circle labeled B1 in the figure. This is the
Centre of the second involute, with Centre B1 and radius PB draw an involute arc to pass through
P1
 To Draw a second tooth the steps used in drawing the first tooth are repeated; With the thickness
already marked on the pitch circle and the involute radius selected ,its easy to draw the other
teeth;- With compass at P2,locate the involute Centre on the generating circle, in this case it will
be B2,now draw the involute arc, Centre B2 to pass through P2.Again locate the closing involute
Centre on base circle, in this case its B3,draw the closing involute arc for the second tooth to pass
through P3 and proceed to the third tooth
 To trace the arc at the root of the tooth ,you can use the formula to get the radius,locate the centre
of curve and draw the curves,or simply trace a smooth free hand curve from clearace circle to the
dedendum circle.
To draw two gear in mesh;
Generate the calculations needed,

Draw the pitch circles of both circles in contact with each other,
Draw the common tangent to the circles and the line of action.
Draw the other circles and the base circle to each gear
Using the procedure above draw the teeth making sure the first teeth mesh at the pitch point; this
should be the starting point for both gears in mesh.
Example1
Two gears mesh in the ratio of 1:1, given that the teeth number is 25 and the module 10, Draw at least
five teeth in mesh for the system. Use a pressure angle of 20 and gear constant of 0.157.
ANSWER
PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M);……………… 25×10=250

Addendum circle (outer)Diameter=PCD+2Module;………………………….250+20=270
Dedendum(root/inner) circle Diameter=PCD-(2(Module+Clearance))…..250-(2(10+1.57))=
250-2×11.27=250-23.154=226.846,
Alternatively DCD=PCD-2Addendum…………………..=250-2(1.157×10)=250=23.154=226.846
π 3.142
Circular pitch (CP)=PCD× ..................................................................250× =31.42
T . no . 25
CP 31.42
Tooth thickness (t)= ……………………………………………………….. =15.71
2 2
Clearance =Gear Constant × Module;-C×M……………………………...0.157×10=1.57
Addendum =Module:-M…………………………………………………………….=10
Deddendum =( Gear constant + 1)×Module;-(C+1)M……………………..1.157×10=11.57
Figure. 4
Example 2
Two gears mesh to give a velocity ratio of 2:5,given the pressure angle is 14.5.the PCD of pinion is
96mm and the Module is 6,draw at least 5 teeth in mesh for the system.
ANSWER
PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M);

For the pinion……………… …………………………………….T.no ×6=96;- T.no=16
For wheel………………………………………………Twheel:Tpinion=5:2…….Twheel=80
Addendum circle (outer)Diameter=PCD+2Module;………………………………..=108
Dedendum(root/inner) circle Diameter=PCD-(2(Module+Clearance))…………....=82.116,
π
Circular pitch (CP)=PCD× ...................................................................................=18.85
T . no .
CP
Tooth thickness (t)= ………………………………………………………………=9.425
2
Clearance =Gear Constant × Module;-C×M………………………………………...=0.942
Addendum =Module:-M…………………………………………………………….=6.
Deddendum =( Gear constant + 1)×Module;-(C+1)M……………………………..=6.942
Figure.
To get the Addendum & Dedendum circles

Draw the pitch circle, diameter D, about the centre of the
gear, O. This is shown in red.
PCD
PCD =Teeth NO.× Module; PCR=
2
Draw the outside diameter (green).Addendum circle
A.C.D=PCD+Addendum value;
ACD
ACR=
2
Draw the root diameter (light blue)
RCD=PCD-Dedendum value
To draw the base/generating circle
Draw a tangent to the pitch circle (pink).Also called common
tangent
Draw a line (orange) through the intersection of the tangent with
the pitch circle which makes an angle equal to the pressure
angle, φ, with the tangent. This line is the line of action
Draw a circle about O which is tangent to the line of action. This
is the base circle and is shown in dark blue.
NB/The angle subtended by the vertical radial and the radial to
the point at which base circle is tangential to the pressure line is
equal to pressure angle φ,
To get an approximate radius value to use to draw the involute curve
Mark point A on the outside circle (green)/.Addendum circle
On the line collinear with A and O,(the vertical radial) mark
point B on the base circle (dark blue).
Divide the distance AB into 3 equal parts. Mark point C the upper
1
i. e. AC is one third of AB.
3
Draw a line from C to be tangent with the base circle.
Mark the point of tangency, D.
Divide the distance DC in to 4 equal parts.
1
Mark point E such that DE is one quarter ( ) of DC.
4
With point E as the centre and radius EC,draw arc passing through
point C. This is part of the flank of the gear tooth and is shown in
orange.
With point C as centre and radius equal to tooth thickness draw a
arc to cut pitch circle.
Where it cuts the pitch circle, mark point F. This point is on the
flank of the other side of the tooth.
Draw a circle with the radius EC (called the profile radius) point F

as the centre. This arc is shown in dark green. Mark point G where it
cuts the pitch circle.
Draw in the fillet between the flank and the base circle.
Draw the profile radius, EC, from G. This is the other flank of the
tooth.
Add the fillet at the base of the tooth as before. (more detail needed)
The tooth is now complete. The outside circle between the two
flanks is the top of the tooth.
This can be repeated for each tooth.

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INVOLUTE GEAR

STEPS IN DRAWING AN INVOLUTE GEAR

PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M)

2.Calculate the tooth parameters;

5.Draw the involute profile as follows;

Generate the calculations needed,

PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M);……………… 25×10=250

PCD(pitch circle diameter)=Teeth number(T.no.) ×module(M);

To get the Addendum & Dedendum circles

Draw a circle with the radius EC (called the profile radius) point F

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