Name of Drug Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name: Pharmacologic Class: Assists all enzymes General Indications: - Hypersensitivity -CNS (with I.V. use): Before
Magnesium Sulfate Mineral involved in phosphate - Used for - Myocardial damage confusion, decreased - Check the doctor’s order
transfer reactions that use treatment/prevention of - Diabetic coma reflexes, dizziness, - Assess patients
Trade/Brand Name: adenosine hypomagnesemia; - Heart block syncope, sedation, sensitivity to magnesium
- Epsom Salt,magnesium triphosphate (ATP). prevention and treatment - Hypermagnesemia hypothermia, paralysis - Assess GI pain (duration,
sulfate injection Magnesium is required of seizures in severe - Hypercalcemia - CV (with I.V. use): location, quality, time of
for normal function of the preeclampsia or eclampsia; - Administration during 2 hypotension, arrhythmias, occurrence, relief with
Patients’ Dose: Therapeutic Class: ATP-dependent pediatric acute nephritis, hours preceding delivery circulatory collapse food,
Antacid, anticonvulsant, sodium-potassium pump in treatment of arrhythmias for mothers with toxemia - GI: nausea, vomiting, causative/exacerbative
Route: electrolyte, laxative muscle due to hypomagnesemia of pregnancy cramps, flatulence, factors).
P.O., Intramuscular, membranes. It may (ventricular fibrillation, anorexia - Assess for weight loss,
Intravenous effectively treat digitalis ventricular tachycardia, or - Metabolic: nausea, vomiting, and
glycoside–induced torsades de points hypermagnesemia, history of recent
Form: arrhythmias because Drug Interaction/s: hypocalcemia abdominal surgery.
Oral, Parenteral, Topical Pregnancy Category: correction of - Aminoquinolones, - Musculoskeletal (with - Assess renal function,
D hypomagnesemia nitrofurantoin, I.V. use): muscle serum magnesium levels.
Maximum dose: improves penicillamine, weakness, flaccidity - Perform hand hygiene
30 to 40g MgSO4 the sodium-potassium tetracyclines: decreased - Respiratory: respiratory and prepare the
pump’s ability to absorption of these drugs paralysis medication.
Minimum dose: distribute potassium into Patient’s Indication: (with oral magnesium) - Skin: diaphoresis - Educate the patient about
4g MgSO4 intracellular - CNS depressants: - Other: allergic reaction, the drug, its benefits and
spaces and because additive effects injection site reaction, risks.
Availability: magnesium decreases - Digoxin: heart block, laxative dependence (with
- Granules (for oral use): calcium uptake and conduction changes (with repeated or prolonged use)
120 g, 4 lb potassium outflow I.V. use) During
- Infusion Solution: 10 through myocardial cell - Enteric-coated drugs: -Identify the patient
mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 40 membranes. faster dissolution of these - Inspect the parenteral
mg/ml, 80 mg/ml. -In laxative action, it drugs drug product for
- Injection Solution: 125 increases osmotic gradient - Neuromuscular blockers: particulate matter and
mg/ml, 500 mg/ml. in small intestine, which increased effects of these discoloration.
draws water into intestines drugs (with I.V. use) - administer only the
and causes distention. prescribed dose for the
Content: These effects stimulate patient
Magnesium, Sulfur, peristalsis and bowel - inform the patient about
Oxygen evacuation. the possible side effects.
(contains 100 to 500 mg - In electrolyte action, it is
elmenteal magnesium per primarily found in
 intracellular fluids, After
essential for enzyme - document the drug
activity, nerve conduction, administered
muscle contraction. - monitor patient’s
Maintains and restores response to drug, as well
magnesium levels. - In as the adverse effects
antacid action, reacts with - discontinue drugs if
hydrochloric acid in adverse effects occur
stomach to form water and - evaluate effectiveness of
increase gastric pH levels. teaching plan
- In anticonvulsant action, - Assess for relief of
depresses CNS and blocks gastric distress.
transmission of peripheral - Monitor renal function
1 ml of injection, 1 to 5 g neuromuscular impulses, (esp. if dosing is long term
elemental magnesium per producing seizure control. or frequent).
10 ml of - Monitor daily pattern of
injection, and 40 mEq per Onset: Oral: 1-2 hr. IM: 1 bowel activity, stool
5 mg of hr. IV: Immediate. consistency.
crystals) Duration: IM: 3-4 hr. IV:
30 min.

Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption - Following
administration, 30-50% of
the dose is absorbed from
the small intestine.
Distribution - Crosses the
placenta and small
amounts enter the
breastmilk. Protein-
binding: 25-30%
Excretion - Via urine
(absorbed fraction); Via
faeces (unabsorbed
fraction).

1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., & 1) Hodgson, B. B., &
Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016). Kizior, R. J. (2016).
Saunders Nursing Drug Saunders Nursing Drug Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders
Handbook. Missouri: Handbook. Missouri: Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook. Nursing Drug Handbook.
Elsevier. Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier. Missouri: Elsevier.

2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate. 2) Magnesium Sulfate.
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