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Chaudhry Fazlul Haque (1873-1962)
INTRODUCTION:
Chaudhry Fazlul Haque was an advocate par excellence for Muslims in India, especially those in
Bengal, as well as for the Pakistan movement. He is credited with including Bengal in the vision for
Pakistan. Slide 1
Slide 2
He was a unique blend of Islamic scholarship and Western education at a time when the two worlds
were poles apart. He obtained his Islamic education at home through private tutors and studied law
at the University Law College in Calcutta. In 1900, he was enrolled as an advocate in the Calcutta High
Court.
Slide 3
EDUCATION:
A firm believer that education was the passport to a better future for Muslims in Bengal, he started
the Central National Mohammedan Educational Association in 1912 to help poor and deserving
Muslim students obtain the resources to further their education. He also contributed to the
establishment of the Muslim University at Aligharh in 1920.
Slide 4
MOVEMENT:
Haque established Krishak Proja Samities, a movement for the rights of the Muslim peasants of
Bengal who were often at the mercy of usurious Hindu middlemen. In 1936, he successfully pushed for
the enactment of the Bengal Agricultural Debtors’ Act, through which millions of Muslim peasants
were relieved from millions of rupees of debt incurred by doing businesses with the Hindu
middlemen.
Slide 5
Muslim rights:
A strong advocate for Muslim rights in India, he served as a joint secretary on the four-man drafting
committee for the constitution of the All-India Muslim League, as well as the general secretary of the
Bengal Provincial Muslim League in 1913. A year later, became the organization’s president.
Slide 5
Inclusion of Bengal:
It is critical to note that during the March 1940 session, Haque pushed for the inclusion of Bengal to be
part of Pakistan. Allama Iqbal’s vision for Pakistan, which he had developed well before his death in
1938, included only northern and western sections of India. Haque’s suggestion was accepted and
seven years after that critical March day, Pakistan, the East and West wings, came into being.
Slide 6
Migraton:
He migrated to Pakistan at the age of 74 in 1947 and continued to play an active role in the country’s
political affairs. In 1951, he accepted the Advocate-Generalship of East Pakistan and was later elected
its Chief Minister. He also served as its Governor.
Maulana Mohammad Ali

Slide 1
Introduction:
He belonged to the family of famous Yousaf Zai, their origin is traced back to the highland of Khyber
pukhtoonkhawa, present day Pakistan. His ancestors settled in Rohilkhand, during the 19th century,
later they settled in Rampur. However the progeny of Yousuf Zai tribe still found in Afghanistan, the
Khyber Pukhtoonkhawa, Pakistan who still maintain Pushto language. He was the brother of Maulana
Shaukat Ali and Maulana Zulfiqar Ali. Despite the early death of his father, the family strived and Ali
attended the Deoband MadaressahAligarh Muslim University and Lincoln College, Oxford University in
1898, studying modern history.
Slide 2
writer and orator:
Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the
Baroda civil service. He became a brilliant writer and orator, and wrote for major English and Indian
newspapers, in both English and Urdu. He himself launched the Urdu weekly Hamdard and English
Comrade in 1911. He moved to Delhi in 1913.
Slide 3
Khilafat and Political Activities:
Mohammed Ali had attended the founding meeting of the All India Muslim League in Dhaka in 1906,
and served as its president in 1918. He remained active in the League till 1928.
Ali represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 in order to convince the
British government to influence the Turkish nationalist Mustafa Kemal not to depose the Sultan of
Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam. British rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of
the Khilafat committee which directed Muslims all over India to protest and boycott the government.
Slide 4
Muslim separatism
Maulana Mohammad Ali was however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and
Gandhi's suspension of civil disobedience in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura incident.
He re-started his weekly Hamdard, and left the Congress Party. He opposed the Nehru Report, which
was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status of an independent nation
within the British Empire, written by a committee of Hindu and Muslim members of the Congress
Party headed by President Motilal Nehru
Slide 5
Legacy:
Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar is remembered as a fiery leader of many of India's Muslims. He is
celebrated as a hero by the Muslims of Pakistan, who claim he inspired the Pakistan movement. But in
India, he is remembered for his leadership during Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation
Movement (1919-1922) and his leadership in Muslim education.
The famous Muhammad Ali Road in south Bombay, India's largest city, is named after him. The
Gulistan-e-Jauhar. Mohammad Ali Co-operative Housing Society (M.A.C.H.S.) in Karachi are named in
honor of Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar. Johar Town, Lahore, Punjab is also named after him.

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Chaudhry Fazlul Haque (1873-1962)

Maulana Mohammad Ali

writer and orator:

Khilafat and Political Activities:

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