St. Vincent College of Cabuyao: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

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ST.

VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO


MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

PREVALENCE OF SOLVENT BOYS


IN BARANGAY, PACIANO, CITY OF CALAMBA, LAGUNA

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminology
St. Vincent College of Cabuyao
Barangay Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the


Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Macasil, Jeth L.
Torres,Mark Kenneth M
October 2021
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Inhalant Abuse, Which is also known as volatile substance abuse, solvent abuse, sniffing, huffing

and bugging is the deliberate inhalation of a volatile substance to achieve an altered mental state.

Inhalant abuse is a worldwide problem that is especially common in individuals from minority

and marginalized populations, and strongly correlated with the social determinants of health. It

often affects younger children, compared with other forms of substance abuse, and crosses social

and ethnic boundaries. Widespread screening and early referrals to treatment programs have

resulted in significant improvement in the mental, physical and social conditions of those

affected.

The Purpose of this study is to inform teachers and other relevant professionals about solvent use

by young people. It is not intended for and should not be used with students. It is generally

counterproductive to provide specific information on solvents to those currently not engaged in

there use and this applies to the majority of school students. Sniffing or snorting involves the

direct inhalation of fumes, bagging from a plastic or paper bag, huffing from a rag or cloth

soaked in the substance held over the mouth or nose, glaring from air freshener aerosols, and

dusting involves the direct spraying of aerosols cleaners into the mouth or nose. Often several

deep inhalations are needed to achieve full euphoric effects. Rapid pulmonary absorption and

lipid solubility mean that the brain is rapidly affected.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

The greatest concentration of inhalant can be obtained through bagging and huffing thus, these

methods of abuse are preferred. Initial effects are similar to those of anesthetic stimulation,

disinhibition and euphoria. These sensations may be followed by hallucinations and then a

general depression including slurred speech and disturbed gait , dizziness, disorientation and

drowsiness or sleep within seconds to minute.

Rebreathing when bagging potentiates the intoxication by causing hypercapnia and hypoxia,

further drowsiness and headache can persist for hours because of residual intoxication. Tiredness

and sleep often limit the degree of intoxication. Inhalants have a wide range of effects on

neurotransmitter release and receptors, with a few similar cellular actions as those of other

depressants such as benzodiazepines, alcohol and barditurates.

The products associated with solvent abuse are legal, accessible and inexpensive. So they offer

the possibility of a fast-acting ‘high’ which usually passes off quickly without a hangover. This

can also make solvent abuse difficult to detect.

Many young people who experiment with volatile substances do so out of curiosity. Others may

be copying older peers or trying to be part of a group. Some might want to shock parents or

carers. Solvent abuse might also be a response to problems in other areas of a person’s life.

Stress, anxiety, bereavement, loneliness etc. Some people might use volatile substances

alongside other drugs or as a substitute if a preferred drug is unobtainable.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Many Rugby boys have resorted to crime to fund their addiction. These crimes include robbery,

aggressive threats and hold-ups, drug trafficking, and racketeering, and small organized crimes.

In a recent television documentary by Karen Davila, a Filipino broadcaster, a boy they ordered to

buy Rugby from a store easily purchased a bottle of Rugby, and was told by the store owner that

the Rugby should be wrapped in paper to conceal it. This is because there is a law prohibiting the

selling of solvents to minors without parental consent. Many crime syndicates and common

businessmen recruit and teach children how to get away with buying it. Many of their crimes

occur in crowded public places when the police are distracted.

The majority of volatile inhalant or solvent users are teenage boys and girls who are still in

school. Only a small number seek treatment for problematic use of these substances.

Nonetheless, there are a number of fatalities each year as a result of inhaling these everyday

household products volatile substance should be include in drug education and given the same

priority as other illicit substances. Research is necessary to determine the appropriate age at

which to introduce volatile inhalant education and identity the messages that should be given.

This is because research carried out in some country found that providing education to children

about the dangers of volatile inhalant use had in some cases encouraged experimentation with

volatile / solvent subtances.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Back ground of the Study

The other consuming preoccupation of the street child, aside from money and food, is “Rugby”.

“Rugby” is the brand name of a contact cement sold in hardware stores. It is an inhalant and has

come to be the favorite drug of use by the street children. “Rugby” has become part and parcel of

the daily routine of the street child and sniffing it comes almost as naturally to them as eating and

sleeping. It has become, in a sense, part of their survival mechanism in the jungles of the city

streets. A complex of patterned practices and relationships has developed around “Rugby” use

along with a set of norms and values that organize and put order to these practices and

relationships. We shall deal with the particulars of this subculture in the subsequent segment.

Sleep marks the end of the street child’s day. As with waking up, there is no regular place for

sleeping. For many sleep takes place where nightfall overtakes them or wherever their drugged

body finds it convenient to rest.

The favored drug/substance of use among the street children are inhalants, particularly

“Rugby”. Rugby is a brand name of contact cement. It is a type of glue ordinarily used to bond

materials together. It is commercially sold in most hardware or “do-it-yourself” stores. Rugby

contains an ingredient, toluene, a controlled substance which is used in the manufacture of the

illegal drug shabu (methamphetamine hydrochloride). “Rugby” is classified as a solvent or

inhalant. It is often considered as a “gateway drug” that young people use before moving on to

other drugs of abuse. Inhalants and solvents like “Rugby” can be habit forming because they

contain addictive elements. They can be exceptionally dangerous when abused and prolonged
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY


use has been associated with irreversible brain damage. However, Rugby is not the only

substance in use. Most of the street children smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. One of them

admitted having had some experience with marijuana and shabu. Most of the street children are

unable to tell when they started on the substance. As far they could remember Rugby had always

been part of street life.

Sniffing Rugby is more of a group than an individual activity. They find it more

enjoyable when done in a group because it is oftentimes interspersed with play and childish

fights. Besides, they feel less vulnerable in the event of a confrontation with government

“rescuers” when in a group. There is no standard time for “sniffing”. But afternoons up to

midnight are the more common period of the day when Rugby sniffing occurs. Two to three

bottles of Rugby are consumed in a week. They make sure not to run out of supply by regulating

their intake of the substance. They store the substance in PET bottles to slow down its drying up.

This type of containers is preferred, too, because the substance can be easily dispensed from

them. They are light and small and can be easily hidden underneath their oversized t- shirt from

where the substance can be surreptitiously inhaled.

Rugby is easily available in any hardware store. The price ranges from P 31.00 to P35.00

a bottle. The cost is shared among the street children. They pool their money together each of

them contributing somewhere from P10.00 (sometimes less) to P15.00. –We chip in money.

Sometimes, I give P10. My friends make up for the rest until we pooled enough to buy a bottle at

P35. –We pool together our money. When I have no money I just ask for a free sniff. It is always

better to contribute because then you are sure to get your share.
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

It would seem illogical that those who barely have the means to survive would fritter

away their scarce and hard earned money on drugs. But life in the street is not ruled by logic as

logic is commonly understood. Drug/substance use among street children has its own brand of

rationality, a rationality which may not be apparent even to the children themselves. The children

were not short of explanations for their drug taking behavior. For some (Louie, Indang, and

Raul) Rugby sniffing was their way of filling in their idle hours. Availability of the drug at home

is Totoy’s way of explaining his involvement in Rugby. For others taking Rugby was an

alternative means, no matter how tentative, of staving off hunger. The children also speak of

feeling a sense of “being part of the Rugby Boys” circle when they use the substance. Children

who are non-sniffers are regarded as half-members who are yet to reach full membership. In this

sense, initiation to Rugby use serves as a kind of rite of passage. Rugby use bestows on the

individual prestige and recognition. It confers a feeling of belonging. It is a sign of full

acceptance into the “Rugby boys” circle.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Back ground of the Study

The other consuming preoccupation of the street child, aside from money and food, is

“Rugby”. “Rugby” is the brand name of a contact cement sold in hardware stores. It is an

inhalant and has come to be the favorite drug of use by the street children. “Rugby” has become

part and parcel of the daily routine of the street child and sniffing it comes almost as naturally to

them as eating and sleeping. It has become, in a sense, part of their survival mechanism in the

jungles of the city streets. A complex of patterned practices and relationships has developed

around “Rugby” use along with a set of norms and values that organize and put order to these

practices and relationships. We shall deal with the particulars of this subculture in the subsequent

segment.

Sleep marks the end of the street child’s day. As with waking up, there is no regular place

for sleeping. For many sleep takes place where nightfall overtakes them or wherever their

drugged body finds it convenient to rest.

The favored drug/substance of use among the street children are inhalants, particularly

“Rugby”. Rugby is a brand name of contact cement. It is a type of glue ordinarily used to bond

materials together. It is commercially sold in most hardware or “do-it-yourself” stores. Rugby

contains an ingredient, toluene, a controlled substance which is used in the manufacture of the

illegal drug shabu (methamphetamine hydrochloride). “Rugby” is classified as a solvent or

inhalant. It is often considered as a “gateway drug” that young people use before moving on to

other drugs of abuse. Inhalants and solvents like “Rugby” can be habit forming because they

contain addictive elements. They can be exceptionally dangerous when abused and prolonged
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY


use has been associated with irreversible brain damage. However, Rugby is not the only

substance in use. Most of the street children smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. One of them

admitted having had some experience with marijuana and shabu. Most of the street children are

unable to tell when they started on the substance. As far they could remember Rugby had always

been part of street life.

Sniffing Rugby is more of a group than an individual activity. They find it more

enjoyable when done in a group because it is oftentimes interspersed with play and childish

fights. Besides, they feel less vulnerable in the event of a confrontation with government

“rescuers” when in a group. There is no standard time for “sniffing”. But afternoons up to

midnight are the more common period of the day when Rugby sniffing occurs. Two to three

bottles of Rugby are consumed in a week. They make sure not to run out of supply by regulating

their intake of the substance. They store the substance in PET bottles to slow down its drying up.

This type of containers is preferred, too, because the substance can be easily dispensed from

them. They are light and small and can be easily hidden underneath their oversized t- shirt from

where the substance can be surreptitiously inhaled.

Rugby is easily available in any hardware store. The price ranges from P 31.00 to P35.00

a bottle. The cost is shared among the street children. They pool their money together each of

them contributing somewhere from P10.00 (sometimes less) to P15.00. –We chip in money.

Sometimes, I give P10. My friends make up for the rest until we pooled enough to buy a bottle at

P35. –We pool together our money. When I have no money I just ask for a free sniff. It is always

better to contribute because then you are sure to get your share.
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY


It would seem illogical that those who barely have the means to survive would fritter

away their scarce and hard earned money on drugs. But life in the street is not ruled by logic as

logic is commonly understood. Drug/substance use among street children has its own brand of

rationality, a rationality which may not be apparent even to the children themselves. The children

were not short of explanations for their drug taking behavior. For some (Louie, Indang, and

Raul) Rugby sniffing was their way of filling in their idle hours. Availability of the drug at home

is Totoy’s way of explaining his involvement in Rugby. For others taking Rugby was an

alternative means, no matter how tentative, of staving off hunger. The children also speak of

feeling a sense of “being part of the Rugby Boys” circle when they use the substance. Children

who are non-sniffers are regarded as half-members who are yet to reach full membership. In this

sense, initiation to Rugby use serves as a kind of rite of passage. Rugby use bestows on the

individual prestige and recognition. It confers a feeling of belonging. It is a sign of full

acceptance into the “Rugby boys” circle.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Theoretical Framework
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to identify and assess the opportunities of the solvent boy. 

Specifically, the study sought to answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of solvent boy according to:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Address

d. Household Income

2. What will be the benefits of prevalence of solvent boys in terms of:

a. Positive

b. Negative

3. What is the level of awareness of beneficiaries to this prevalence of using solvent?

4. Based on the findings of the research, what are other suggestions can be addressed for a

solvent boy?
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Conceptual Framework
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Significance of the Study

This study is important to the research for her/him to know the prevalence of solvent boys in

barangay paciano calamba city. This study also undertaken to investigate and find out why do

solvent boys spread in the said place.it will give new knowledge and suggestion for future

researcher to conduct studies related to this research. This research in the future as a reference in

the future as a part of the review of the related literature.

Hypothesis of the study

Hypothesis 1: There is significant relationship between the benefits of the prevelance of solvent

boys when grouped according to the level of awareness of benificiares to prevelence of using

solovent

Hypothesis 2: There is no significant difference between prevelence of solvent boys when

grouped according to respondents profile.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Scope and Delimitation

This study is expected to cover the prevalence of solvent boys as a basis for the expansion within

barangay, paciano, Calamba city. The coverage of the study will focus on the background of

using solvent and why it is prevalence to the teenagers. This study was started by the 3rd week of

august year 2021 and expected to be accomplished by the December of the same year .

This study will be held at barangay paciano Calamba city province of laguna, Philippines. It is

only limited to its respondent from the solvent boys selected according to the sampling method

of the , which is simple random sampling, and has no intention, furthermore , the investigation

will use the mixed methods or quantitative and qualitative research as the research design of the

study. Moreover, the researches will use self- inventerd structured question as their research

instrument. Hence , the gathered data will be subjected to analysis and small lead the way to the

conclusion of the research.


ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Definition of Term

Disinhibition - is saying or doing something on a whim, without thinking in advance of what

could be the unwanted or even dangerous result.

Euphoria - is an overwhelming feeling of happiness, joy, and well-being. People experiencing

euphoria may feel carefree, safe, and free of stress. This emotion can be either a normal reaction

to happy events or a symptom of substance abuse and certain mental health conditions.

Slurred – (adjective) is Indistinct and difficult to hear or understand. Her speech was so slurred

as to be almost incomprehensible.

Disturbed - experiencing or exhibiting emotional disturbance or agitation : having a mental

disability or illness.

Gait - is a person's pattern of walking. Walking involves balance and coordination of muscles so

that the body is propelled forward in a rhythm, called the stride. There are numerous possibilities

that may cause an abnormal gait.

Intoxication - is the term used to describe any change in perception, mood, thinking processes

and motor skills that result from the effect of a drug(s) on our central nervous system.

Hypercapnia - is a buildup of carbon dioxide in your bloodstream. It affects people who have

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If you have COPD, you can't breathe as easily

as other people do.

Hypoxia- Having low oxygen levels in your blood is called hypoxemia. Having low oxygen

levels in your tissues is called hypoxia. Hypoxemia can happen in high altitudes.
ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
MAMATID, CABUYAO, LAGUNA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY


Neurotransmitter - a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the

arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of

the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Benzodiazepines - A class of drugs that act as tranquilizers and are commonly used in the

treatment of anxiety. Benzodiazepines can cause drowsiness.

Barbiturates - are depressant drugs that slow down the central nervous system (CNS), and they

are commonly used to treat issues like anxiety, headaches, insomnia, and seizures.

Snorting - make a sudden sound through one's nose, especially to express indignation or derision

and to force air violently through the nose with a rough harsh sound.

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