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    Vibration Analysis

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    aahilasif24_15561440
    Vibration is caused by forces that change direction or amount over time. Common causes include unbalance, misalignment, bent shafts, worn gears, looseness, and resonance. Characteristics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase indicate the severity and source of vibrations. Proper measurement selection and analysis of these characteristics can identify issues like unbalance, misalignment, bearing problems, and mechanical or electrical faults. Resonance can greatly increase amplitudes and must be avoided.

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    Vibration Analysis

    Uploaded by

    aahilasif24_15561440
    25 views24 pages
    Vibration is caused by forces that change direction or amount over time. Common causes include unbalance, misalignment, bent shafts, worn gears, looseness, and resonance. Characteristics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase indicate the severity and source of vibrations. Proper measurement selection and analysis of these characteristics can identify issues like unbalance, misalignment, bearing problems, and mechanical or electrical faults. Resonance can greatly increase amplitudes and must be avoided.

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    17104471 Vibration Analysis

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    Vibration is caused by forces that change direction or amount over time. Common causes include unbalance, misalignment, bent shafts, worn gears, looseness, and resonance. Characteristics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase indicate the severity and source of vibrations. Proper measurement selection and analysis of these characteristics can identify issues like unbalance, misalignment, bearing problems, and mechanical or electrical faults. Resonance can greatly increase amplitudes and must be avoided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views24 pages

    Vibration Analysis

    Uploaded by

    aahilasif24_15561440
    Vibration is caused by forces that change direction or amount over time. Common causes include unbalance, misalignment, bent shafts, worn gears, looseness, and resonance. Characteristics such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, frequency, and phase indicate the severity and source of vibrations. Proper measurement selection and analysis of these characteristics can identify issues like unbalance, misalignment, bearing problems, and mechanical or electrical faults. Resonance can greatly increase amplitudes and must be avoided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    VIBRATION ANALYSIS

    • Definition of vibration

    • Vibration is simply the motion of a


    machine/machine part moving
    back & forth from its position of
    rest.
    CAUSES OF VIBRATION
    • The cause of vibration is a force which is
    changing either its direction or the amount
    or both.
    • The manner in which these forces are
    generated determine the vibration
    characteristics.
    NATURE OF FORCES
    • Unbalance

    • Misalignment

    • Bent shaft

    • Gear worn out, eccentric

    • Bad drive belts


    • Torque variations

    • Electromagnetic forces

    • Aerodynamic forces

    • Hydraulic forces

    • Looseness

    • Rubbing

    • Resonance
    CHARECTERISTICS OF
    VIBRATION
    • Displacement-------microns
    • Velocity-------------mm/sec
    • Acceleration---------g
    • Frequency------------cycles/sec,Rpm
    • Phase-------------------angle
    SIGNIFICANCE OF VIBRATION
    CHARECTERISTICS
    • D,v,A----They tell about the severity of
    vibration.
    • F,Ph------They tell about the nature of
    forces &which part is vibrating.
    CHOOSING THE
    MEASUREMENT
    Displacement
    It is used when the machine is subjected to.
    dynamic stress.
    Example: Mine Hoist
    F=50 cpm, D=1000microns pk, V=5mm/sec
    • Velocity
    V=F(D,f)
    • It is normally used
    • Speed range---600 cpm to 60000 cpm
    • Accelration
    Large forces occur at high frquency but the
    d &v are normal.
    D=25 microns,V=7.5 mm/s,A=0.5g,f=6000
    D=25 microns,V=7.5
    mm/s,A=50g,f=60000
    • A is recommended for >60000cpm
    IMPORTANCE OF PHASE
    • Phase
    To compare one motion with other
    Example
    1.Machine & foundation problem
    2.Pully & belt&between belts
    3.for balancing
    CHARACTERISTICS OF
    UNBALANCE
    • Amplitude is largest in radial dirctions.
    • F=1xrpm
    • Phase Mark-----single ref mark
    • For overhung motors amplitude is largest
    in axial direction.
    Characteristics of Misalignment
    • Amplitude largest in axial direction
    • F=1xrpm,2xrpm,3xrpm
    • Phase--------1/2/3 reference marks
    SLEEVE BEARING & SHAFT
    MISALIGNMENT
    • There will not be any vibration if there is
    misalgnment alone present.But there will be
    vibration if unbalance is present along with
    misalignment.
    • If the machine is balanced vibraion will be
    reduced.
    ANTIFICTION BEARING
    &SHAFT MISALIGNMENT
    • Even if the rotor is balanced, there will be
    vibration due to misalignment
    But the shaft will show high axial vibration.
    TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
    MISALIGNMENT & BENT SHAFT
    • Take four axial readings around bearing
    housing at all possible planes.
    If the readings are same throughout then
    there is no problem.
    If there is any change, depending upon
    location we can differentiate between bent
    shaft &misalignment.
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    ECCENTRICITY
    • Amplitude--------Not large
    • Frequency---------1xrpm
    • Phase-------------Single reference mark
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    ANTIFRICTION BEARING
    • Amplitude—Unsteady ,high in radial
    direction.
    • Frequency------Very high frquency(not
    harmonically related)
    • Phase----------erratic
    VIBRATION DUE TO SLEEVE
    BEARING
    • Amplitude--------High in radial direction
    • Frquency--------5 to 8% less than ½ rpm
    • Phase------------unsteady/steady
    VIBRATION DUE TO OIL
    WHIRL/OILWHIP
    Amplitude--------high in radial direction
    Frq-------------------5 to 8 % less than 1/2rpm
    Phase------------------steady/unsteady
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    MECHANICAL LOOSENESS
    • Amplitude---------high in radial direction
    • Frq-----------------2xrpm
    • Phase---------------2 ref marks slightly erratic
    • Reasons---------loosning of bolts,/excessive
    bearing clearance,crack in structures,beraing
    pedastal.
    • Looseness as such will not give vibration unless
    there is some exciting force such as
    unbalance,misalignment.
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
    • Amplitude----Disappears when power is
    turned off.
    • Frq------------1xrpm,1x/2x syn frq
    • Phase-----------single/double rotating mark
    • Causes
    rotor not round
    rotor & stator misalignment
    open/shorted windings
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    RESONANCE
    • Amplitude –high in radial direction
    • Frq-----------1xrpm
    • Phase---------single reference mark
    VIBRATION DUE TO
    AERODYNAMIC
    /HYD.FORCES
    Amp------------high in radial/axial directions
    Frq--------------1xrpm/no of bladesxrpm,/no of
    vanesxrpm
    Phase-------------- ----
    Normally aero.dynamic/hydraulic vibrations
    are rarely troublesome unless they excite
    some machine part/piping etc

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