Efa

1
GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER - MANILA INC.

“GLOBAL COMPETENCE comes with QUALITY TRAINING”
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

SCOPE
This Elementary
First Aid course
covers the mandatory
competences and the
required knowledge,
understanding and
proficiencies
prescribed in Section
A-VI/1, Table A-VI/1-3
of the STCW Code.
INTRODUCTION
• The training in Elementary First Aid

required by regulation VI/I-3 as part of the
basic training should be given at an early
stage in vocational training, preferably during
pre-sea training, to enable seafarers to take
immediate action upon encountering and
accident or other medical emergency until the
arrival of the person with first-aid skills or the
person in charge of medical care on board.
COURSE OVERVIEW
• The course covers theory and practical

exercise on the applicable provisions of the
Chapter VI Regulation VI/I (EMERGENCY,
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, SECURITY,
MEDICAL ARE CARE AND SURVIVAL
FUNCTIONS) with accordance with section A-VI-I
of the STCW Code (STANDARD REGARDING
EMERGENCY, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY,
SECURITY, MEDICAL ARE CARE AND
SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS.)
COMPETENCES AND KUP
• Assessment of needs of casualties and

threats to own safety
• Body structure and functions
• Measures to be taken in case of

emergency
FIRST AID
- emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person
before regular medical aid can be obtained.
FIRST AIDER
-someone who is qualified to give first aid treatment in the event
of injury and illness.
- Bridge the gap between the victim and first aider
- First aiders are never required to place themselves in a
situation which might put them in danger
Objectives in giving First Aid:

- Alleviate pain or suffering
- Prevent further or additional injury
- Save or prolong life
1. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS OF CASUALTIES AND

THREATS TO OWN SAFETY
1.1. IMPORTANCE OF OWN SAFETY AS FIRST CONSIDERATION DURING
EMERGENCY
Be calm, take charge

Give confidence to conscious casualty
Talk to him, listen to him and reassure him
Check
Safety of casualties
The breathing, for bleeding and whether conscious
Get other to help

Tell them what they should do
If necessary, send for ambulance, police, fire service or other help
B1, B2, B3, B4

1.2. THE SEQUENCE OF IMMEDIATE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN

CASES OF EMERGENCY
Emergency Action Principles
I. Survey the scene
- Once you recognize that an emergency has occurred and decided to act,
you must make sure that emergency scene is safe for you and any
bystanders.
Take time to survey the scene and answer this questions:
1. Is the scene is safe?
2. What happened?
3. How many victims are there?
4. Can bystanders help?
5. Get consent to give care.
B1, B2, B3, B4

II. Primary Survey

- In every emergency situation, you must first look for
conditions that are an immediate threat to the
victim's life.
In the Primary Survey, you check each of the following:
1. Conscious state
2. Airway
3. Breathing
4. Circulation
5. Severe bleeding
B1, B2, B3, B4

1. Consciousness/ Responsiveness
- Pain stimulation “Tap the shoulders”
- Verbal stimulation ask for “Hey!Hey!Hey!Are you okay?”
(3x)
If conscious  “Care First”

If unconscious  “Call First”
B1, B2, B3, B4

2. Airway
- Open the Airway  Head tilt, chin lift maneuver
- Possible spinal cord injury  Jaw thrust
- (+) obstruction  Finger Sweep
3. Breathing
- To check breathing, scan the victim’s chest for rise and fall for no more
than 10 seconds
4. Pulse
- To perform a pulse check in an adult, palpate a carotid pulse.
Note: Check for breathing and pulse at the same time.
(+) Pulse (-) Breathing  Respiratory Arrest

(-) Pulse (-) Breathing  Cardiac Arrest
B1, B2, B3, B4

1.3. Raise an Alarm Based on the Given

Medical Emergency
Medical alarm is an alarm system

designed to signal the presence of a
hazard requiring urgent attention and
to summon emergency medical
personnel. Other terms for a medical
alarm are Personal Emergency
Response System (PERS) or medical
alert.
B1, B2, B3, B4

Chapter 2
Body Structure and Functions
R2,R3
2. BODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

2.1. THE BODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE
FOLLOWING:
SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Framework of the body
- Storage
- Movement
- Protection
- Blood cell production
R2,R3
R2,R3
• Bones also serve as a site

for fat storage and blood
cell production.
• There are two types of
bone marrow: yellow
bone marrow and red
bone marrow.
R2,R3
MUSCLES
Functions of Muscular System
A. Producing Movement
B. Maintaining Posture
C. Stabilizing Joints of Skeleton
D. Generating Heat
R2,R3
MAJOR ORGANS (BRAIN, HEART,LUNGS)

BRAIN
- Controls our thoughts
- Memory and speech
- Command center of the body
R2,R3
HEART
- Pumping organ of the body
- Responsible for blood circulation
- Transport nutrients and oxygen
4 Chambers of the Heart:

- Right Atrium
- Left Atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
R2,R3
HEART
R2,R3
LUNGS
- Oxygenation
- Gas exchange
- Ventilation
R2,R3
CHAPTER III
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF

EMERGENCY
The Recovery Position

If someone is unresponsive
and breathing then you
need to turn them onto their
side and into the recovery
position, to keep their
airway open so they can still
breathe.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF

EMERGENCY
Procedure for Recovery Position:
1. Place the nearest arm to you at right
angle to their body
2. Picked other hand with palm against
the victims palm
3. Pulled the victims knee to roll over
onto their side, facing the rescuer.
4. Pulled the victims knee to roll over
onto their side, facing the rescuer.
5. Raised their chin to tilt and head back
slightly to open the airway.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

NOTE: If you suspect a spinal injury

- To open their airway, instead of tilting their neck, use the
jaw thrust technique: Place your hands on either side of
their face. With your fingertips gently lift the jaw to open
the airway, avoid moving their neck.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Recovery Position
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Resuscitation Position
- Resuscitation is the process
of correcting physiological
disorders (such as lack of
breathing or heartbeat) in
an acutely ill patient.
- It is an important part
of intensive care
medicine, trauma
surgery and emergency
medicine.
- Well known examples
are cardiopulmonary
resuscitation and mouth-to-
mouth resuscitation.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.2. Resuscitation Techniques

RESPIRATORY ARREST
(+) Pulse (-) Breathing
-a condition that exist at any point a patient stops
breathing
1. Artificial Respiration
- The restoration or substitution of someone’s breathing
by manual, mechanical, or mouth-to-mouth methods.
AHA- 12 cycles/minute
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Different ways to ventilate:

- Mouth to mouth
- Mouth to nose
- Mouth to mouth and nose
- Mouth to barrier
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Procedure:
1. Make sure the person is lying on the floor. Look into the
mouth to ensure that airway is clear.
2. Tilt head back slightly to open the airway.
3. Pinch the nostrils closed with thumb and index finger.
4. Place your mouth tightly over the person’s mouth.
5. Give 12 breaths/minute with 5 seconds interval
6. Look for the person’s chest to rise while counting for
intervals.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Cardiac Arrest
(-) Pulse (-) Breathing
is a condition in which your heart's electrical system
malfunctions and your heart stops beating.
2. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

- An emergency procedure that combines chest compression
and rescue breathing to maintain circulatory flow.
AHA- 30 compressions: 2 blows x 5 cycles in 2 minutes
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Procedure:
• Placed hand at the xiphoid process as landmark
• Locked elbows and position the shoulders directly above the
hands with fingers interlocked
• Press down the chest with enough force to move the
breastbone about 2 inches
• Performed 30 chest compression at a rate of about 100-120
times per minute
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Procedure:
• Open airway by head tilt, chin lift
• Pinched nose with hand that was on the forehead and
support the patients chin with other hand
• Give 2 rescue breaths
• Looked along the chest, watched the chest rise
• Assessed for breath and pulse for 10 seconds
Note:
- Allow chest recoil
- Interruption for more than 10 seconds is not allowed
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Chest Compressions Open the Airway
Rescue Breathing
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

When to STOP CPR?

S- spontaneous of circulation are restored
T- turned over to medical personnel
O- operator is already exhausted
P- physicians assumes responsibility (declared
death)
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.3. Control of Bleeding

Bleeding
- is the loss of blood.
- It can happen outside or
inside the body.
Characteristics of bleeding:
- Artery
- Veins
- Capillary
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

How to Control Bleeding

1. Direct Pressure 2. Elevate Above the Heart
Hold pressure directly Elevate the wound

On the wound to slow blood flow
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
3. Use Pressure Points 4. When should you apply a Tourniquet
Pressure points should be between Tourniquets should almost

The wound and the heart never be used
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
3.4. Shock Management

- Shock is a life-threatening medical condition as
a result of insufficient blood flow throughout the
body.
- Shock often accompanies severe injury or
illness.
- A condition of insufficient supply of blood
reaching body tissues.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

There are several main causes of shock:
• Heart conditions (heart attack, heart failure)

• Heavy internal or external bleeding, such as from a
serious injury or rupture of a blood vessel
• Dehydration, especially when severe or related to heat
illness.
• Infection (septic shock)
• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock)
• Spinal injuries (neurogenic shock)
• Burns
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Common signs and symptoms of shock:

- Paleness or pallor
- Cold clammy skin
- Difficulty of breathing
Management:
- Proper positioning
- Proper body heat
- Proper oxygenation
Note:
- Do not give water
- Loosen clothing
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
3.5. BURNS AND SCALDS, ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY

ELECTRIC CURRENT
BURNS
- Injuries due to exposure to heat, radiation, chemical or electricity
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

1st Degree Burn (Superficial

Burn)
- Involves epidermis
- Redness
- Dry skin
- Mild pain
- Usually heals within 5-7
days
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

2nd Degree Burn (Partial

Thickness Burn)
• involves both the
epidermis & dermis
• skin is red & with blisters
• skin is moist, mottled &
white to red
• burned skin may look
blotched
• usually painful & the area
often swells
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
3rd Degree Burn (Full

Thickness Burn)
• Destroys both layers of
the skin & all the under
lying structures fat,
muscles, bones, &
nerves.
• Burns may look brown
or charred (black) w/
the tissues underneath
sometimes appearing
white.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
Types of Burns
1. Thermal Burn
• - caused by flames, hot objects, steams, hot
liquids
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Electrical Burn
• Much of the visible damage occurs at points of
entry and exit of current
• can cause cardiac arrest
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Management of Electrical Burn:
A. Unplug, disconnect or turn power off.

B. If unconscious, open A and check B and C.
D. Seek medical attention.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.6. Rescue and Transport a

Casualty
• Emergency Rescue - is a procedure

for moving a victim from a dangerous
location to a place of safety.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Indications for Immediate Rescue

- Fire, danger of fire or explosion
- Danger of asphyxia due to lack of oxygen or due to
gas
- Serious traffic hazards
- Exposure to cold, intense heat, or intense weather
conditions
- Possibility of injury due to collapsing walls or
building
- Electrical injury or potential injury
- Pinning by machinery
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.7. BANDAGES AND OTHER MATERIALS IN THE

EMERGENCY KIT
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

The Different Types of Bandage

Roller Bandages
- Roller bandages are the most
common type of bandage.
- They’re normally made from a
single continuous strip of
lightweight and breathable cotton
gauze, used primarily for holding
dressings against wounds.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Triangular Bandages
- Triangular bandages are
amongst the more versatile
types of bandaging you can
usually find in a first aid kit.
- They are essentially a single
sheet of thick cotton or
calico designed for
constructing slings that:
- Support soft tissue injuries
- Immobilize broken bones
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Tubular Bandages
- Tubular bandages are perhaps
the least versatile of the three
conventional bandages.
- These are elasticated tubes of
thick gauze designed for use
with a single body part,
dictated by the width of the
bandage itself.
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

The Materials in the Emergency Kit in Giving First Aid

1. Antiseptic Wash
2. Scissors
3. Sterile Gauze Pads and Medical Tape
4. Elastic Bandage
5. Instant Cold Packs
6. Disposable Gloves
7. Adhesive Bandages
8. Tweezers
9. Sting and Bite Treatment
10. Antibiotic Ointment
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Antiseptic Wash Scissors
Sterile Gauze Pads Elastic Bandage
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Instant Cold Packs Disposable Gloves
Adhesive Bandages Tweezers
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Sting and Bite Treatment Antibiotic Ointment
R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4


Efa

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Efa

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Efa

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER - MANILA INC.

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

• The training in Elementary First Aid

• The course covers theory and practical

COMPETENCES AND KUP

• Assessment of needs of casualties and

• Body structure and functions

• Measures to be taken in case of

Objectives in giving First Aid:

1. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS OF CASUALTIES AND

Be calm, take charge

Get other to help

B1, B2, B3, B4

1.2. THE SEQUENCE OF IMMEDIATE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN

B1, B2, B3, B4

II. Primary Survey

B1, B2, B3, B4

If conscious  “Care First”

B1, B2, B3, B4

Note: Check for breathing and pulse at the same time.

(+) Pulse (-) Breathing  Respiratory Arrest

B1, B2, B3, B4

1.3. Raise an Alarm Based on the Given

Medical alarm is an alarm system

B1, B2, B3, B4

2. BODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

• Bones also serve as a site

MAJOR ORGANS (BRAIN, HEART,LUNGS)

4 Chambers of the Heart:

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF

The Recovery Position

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3. MEASURES TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

NOTE: If you suspect a spinal injury

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.2. Resuscitation Techniques

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Different ways to ventilate:

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

2. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

AHA- 30 compressions: 2 blows x 5 cycles in 2 minutes

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

Chest Compressions Open the Airway

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

When to STOP CPR?

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

3.3. Control of Bleeding

R3, R4, B1, B2, B3, B4

How to Control Bleeding

Hold pressure directly Elevate the wound

3. Use Pressure Points 4. When should you apply a Tourniquet

Pressure points should be between Tourniquets should almost