Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

SCIENCE 9

Quantum Mechanical
Model of the Atom

Quarter 2 Module 1

Learning Competency: -
• Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom
describes the energies and positions of the electrons (S9MTIIb-14)
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you
while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.

MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT TEAM

School Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V
Chief Education Supervisor, Aida Rondilla
CID education Program Supervisor: Rebecca M. Roxas
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID LRMS Librarian II: lady Hannah C. Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editor/Validator: Merie Gerlie V. Capiral

Writer: Melandro D. Santos
Contributors: Editha Dungo, Aleli Huab and Rose Ann Algonahota
Illustrator: Reycylyn M. Sanchez
Layout Artist: Grashella Ongchangco
 Lesson 1: Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom

EXPECTATIONS
0
You will trace the breakthroughs on the development of Quantum
Mechanical Model of the atom
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. Describe how the Bohr model of the atom improved the Rutherford’s
atomic model
2. Explain how the Quantum Mechanical of the atom describes the
energies and positions of the electrons

Let us start your journey in learning more on

Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom. I am
sure you are ready and excited to answer the
Pretest. Let’s get going!

PRETEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper provided.

1. Who is the Greek philosopher that developed the idea about atoms in 500
BC?
a. Dalton
b. Plato
c. Aristotle
d. Democritus
2. What do you call a set of numbers that describes the location of an
electron in an atom?
a. azimuthal quantum numbers
b. principal quantum numbers
c. magnetic spin
d. quantum numbers
3. What model of the atom replaced Bohr's model?
a. Heisenberg's model
b. Thomson's model
c. Rutherford's model
d. Quantum Mechanical model
 4. Which of the following is not a quantum number?
a. horizontal quantum number
b. azimuthal quantum number
c. spin quantum number
d. principal quantum number
5. Which of the following quantum numbers do you need to know when you
want to determine the energy level of an electron?
a. principal quantum number
b. magnetic quantum number
c. azimuthal quantum number
d. spin quantum number

Great, you finished answering the questions. You

may request your facilitator to check your work.
Congratulations and keep on learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Democritus and Leucippus started the idea about atoms in the 500 BCE. They
believed that atoms are indivisible, meaning they could not be broken into smaller
pieces. On the other hand, Bohr's model of the atom contains a tiny, dense positively
core called nucleus. The nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, is then
surrounded by the negatively charged electrons.

Two models of atomic structure are in use today: the Bohr model and the
quantum mechanical model. The quantum mechanical model is based on
mathematics. Although it is more difficult to understand than the Bohr model, it can
be used to explain observations made on complex atoms. This module will bring you
to the world of atomic models. Is Bohr's model of the atom the final version of the
atomic model?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

At present, it is well-known that atoms are made up of different

subatomic particles, namely proton, neutron, and electron. They are arranged
in an atomic model, which represents the most probable structure of the
atom. Scientists are now using the quantum mechanical model of the atom,
which is an improved version of the commonly used Bohr's model of the atom.
 Bohr’s model is derived an equation that correctly predicted the various
energy levels in the hydrogen atom, which corresponded directly to the
emission lines in the hydrogen spectrum. Bohr's model was also successful
at predicting the energy levels in other one-electron systems, such as He+.
However, it failed to explain the electronic structure in atoms that contained
more than one electron. While some physicists initially tried to adapt Bohr's
model to make it useful for more complicated systems, they eventually
concluded that a completely different model was needed.

Remember that a model is useful because it helps you understand

what’s observed in nature. It’s not unusual to have more than one model
represent and help people understand a particular topic. In understanding
matter, we will understand how matter behaves very strangely at the
subatomic level. Some of this behavior is so counterintuitive that we can only
talk about it with symbols. We will answer what does it mean to say an
electron behaves like a particle and a wave. Or that an electron does not exist
in any one particular location, but that it is spread out throughout the entire
atom?

In addition to Bohr’s atomic model, another major development in

quantum mechanics was pioneered by French physicist Louis de Broglie.
Based on work by Planck and Einstein that showed how light waves could
exhibit particle-like properties, de Broglie hypothesized that particles could
also have wavelike properties.

De Broglie derived the following equation for the wavelength of a particle

of mass (in kilograms), traveling at velocity (v) in meters per second, where λ is
the de Broglie wavelength of the particle in meters and h is Planck's constant,

Note that the de Broglie wavelength and particle mass are inversely
proportional. The inverse relationship is why we don't notice any wavelike
behavior for the macroscopic objects we encounter in everyday life. It turns
out that the wavelike behavior of matter is most significant when a wave
encounters an obstacle or slit that is a similar size to its de Broglie
wavelength. However, when a particle has a mass on the order of 10-3 kg, as
an electron does, the wavelike behavior becomes significant enough to lead to
some very interesting phenomena.
The Quantum Mechanical Model of The Atom

A major problem with Bohr's model was that it treated electrons as

particles that existed in precisely-defined orbits. Based on de Broglie's idea
that particles could exhibit wavelike behavior, Austrian physicist Erwin
Schrödinger theorized that the behavior of electrons within atoms could be
explained by treating them mathematically as matter waves. This model,
which is the basis of the modern understanding of the atom, is known as
the quantum mechanical or wave mechanical model.

The fact that there are only certain allowable states or energies that an
electron in an atom can have is similar to a standing wave. We will briefly
discuss some properties of standing waves to get a better intuition for electron
matter waves.

You are probably already familiar with standing waves from stringed
musical instruments. For example, when a string is plucked on a guitar, the
string vibrates in the shape of a standing wave such as the one shown below.

Standing wave showing two wavelengths of a wave. The nodes, which have the same
amplitude at all times, are marked with red dots. There are five nodes.

A standing wave. Image credit: from Wikimedia Commons, public domain

Notice that there are points of zero displacement, or nodes, that occur along
the standing wave. The nodes are marked with red dots. Since the string in
the animation is fixed at both ends, this leads to the limitation that only
certain wavelengths are allowed for any standing wave. As such, the
vibrations are quantized.

Basically, Quantum Mechanical Model is based on quantum theory,

which says matter also has properties associated with waves. According to
quantum theory, it’s impossible to know the exact position and momentum of
an electron at the same time. This is known as the Uncertainty Principle
proposed by Mr. Werner Heisenberg. It means that the electrons, instead of
moving in defined orbits, actually move in diffuse clouds around the nucleus
of the atom. The diffused cloud is called the orbital, where the electrons have
high probability of being found.
 The quantum mechanical model of the atom uses complex shapes
of orbitals (known as electron clouds), volumes of space in which there
is likely to be an electron. So, this model is based on probability rather than
certainty.
Four numbers, called quantum
numbers, were introduced to describe the
characteristics of electrons and their
orbitals:
● Principal quantum number: n
● Angular momentum quantum
number: l
● Magnetic quantum number:
● Spin quantum number:

In describing the energies and

positions of electrons, quantum
numbers are used. The four quantum
numbers are: principal, azimuthal,
magnetic, and spin quantum numbers.

The principal quantum number n describes the average distance of

the orbital from the nucleus — and the energy of the electron in an atom. It
can have positive integer (whole number) values: 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. The
larger the value of n, the higher the energy and the larger the orbital.
Chemists sometimes call the orbitals electron shells.
As n increases:
> orbital becomes larger
> electron spends more time farther away from nucleus
> atom's energy level increases

The angular momentum quantum number or the azimuthal quantum

number l, describes the shape of the orbital, and the shape is limited by the
principal quantum number n: The angular momentum quantum
number l can have positive integer values from 0 to (n–1). For example, if the
n value is 3, three values are allowed for l: 0, 1, and 2.
Orbitals that have the same value of n but different values of l are
called subshells. These subshells are given different letters to help chemists
distinguish them from each other. The following table shows the letters
corresponding to the different values of l.

Principal energy levels are broken down into sublevels.

Sublevels define the orbital shape (s, p, d, f)
> n=1, 1 sublevel (s)
> n=2, 2 sublevels (s, p)
> n=3, 3 sublevels (s, p, d)
> n=4, 4 sublevels (s, p, d, f)

Table 1. Principal Energy Levels and Sublevels of Electrons

Principal Number of Type of Sublevel and number Maximum

energy Sublevels of orbitals number of
level, n electrons
1 1 1s (1 orbital) 2
2 2 2s (1 orbital), 2p (3 8
orbitals)
3 3 3s (1 orbital), 3p (3 1
orbitals) 8
3d (5 orbitals)
4 4 4s (1 orbital), 4p (3 orbitals) 3
4d (5 orbitals), 4f (7 orbitals) 2
5 5 5s (1 orbital), 5p (3 5
orbitals) 0
5d (5 orbitals), 5f (7
orbitals)
5g (9 orbitals)

When chemists describe one particular subshell in an atom, they

can use both the n value and the subshell letter — 2p, 3d, and so on.
Normally, a subshell value of 4 is the largest needed to describe a
particular subshell. If chemists ever need a larger value, they can create
subshell numbers and letters.
As shown in the top row of the
figure (a), there are two s orbitals —
one for energy level 1 (1s) and the
other for energy level 2 (2s). The s
orbitals are spherical with the
nucleus at the center. Notice that
the 2s orbital is larger in diameter
than the 1s orbital. In large atoms,
the 1s orbital is nestled inside the
2s, just like the 2p is nestled inside
the 3p.
The figure shows the shapes of the
s, p, and d orbitals.
The second row of the figure (b) shows
the shapes of the p orbitals, and the
last two rows (c) show the shapes of
the d orbitals. Notice that the shapes
get progressively more complex.

The magnetic quantum number, ml, describes the orientation of the

orbital in space relative to other orbitals. The orbital can be oriented in the
x, y, or z axis. The spin quantum number, ms specifies if the electron is either
spinning clockwise (+ 1/2) or counterclockwise (-1/2).

Example: Consider the following quantum numbers: [ n, l,ml ,ms ]= [2, 1,

0, +1/2].

This means that the electron is in the second energy level in the p orbital in
the y axis or 2py and is moving clockwise.

The fourth and final quantum number is the spin quantum number,
designated as:
This number describes the direction the electron is spinning in a
magnetic field — either clockwise or counterclockwise. Only two values are
allowed: +1/2 or –1/2. For each subshell, there can be only two electrons, one
with a spin of +1/2 and another with a spin of –1/2.
 ACTIVITY

Directions: Identify the type of quantum number in Quantum Mechanical model

by connecting the first dot to the second dots describing the orbital.
Type of Quantum Number Description of Orbital
principal • • energy level of the electron

angular momentum • • direction of electron spinning

magnetic • • orientation of the orbital in space

spin • • shape of orbital

REMEMBER

● Louis de Broglie proposed that all particles could be treated as matter waves
with a wavelength λ (lambda), given by the following equation: λ=h /mv
● Erwin Schrödinger proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom,
which treats electrons as matter waves. An atomic orbital is defined as the
region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be 90% of the
time.
● The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we can't know both the
● The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that we can't know both
energy and position of an electron. Therefore, as we learn more about the
the energy and position of an electron. Therefore, as we learn more
electron's position, we know less about its energy, and vice versa.
about the electron's position, we know less about its energy, and vice
● Electrons have an intrinsic property called spin, and an electron can have one
versa.
of two possible spin values: spin-up or spin-down. Any two electrons occupying
● Electrons have an intrinsic property called spin, and an electron can
the same orbital must have opposite spins.
have one of two possible spin values: spin-up or spin-down. Any two
● The quantum mechanical model of the atom is an improved version of the
electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spins.
commonly used Bohr's model of the atom.
● The quantum mechanical model of the atom is an improved version of
● The principal quantum number, n, describes the energy level of the electron.
the commonly used Bohr's model of the atom.
● The angular momentum quantum number, l, has values from 0 to n-1. It
● The principal quantum number, n, describes the energy level of the
defines the shape of the orbital.
electron.
● The magnetic quantum number, ml, describes the orientation of the orbital in
● The angular momentum quantum number, l, has values from 0 to n-1.
space relative to other orbitals.
It defines the shape of the orbital.
● The spin quantum number, ms, specifies if the electron is either spinning
clockwise (+1/2) or counterclockwise (-1/2).
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Color each sublevel which has a different number of orbitals.

(s: red d: Yellow d: Green and f: blue)

POST TEST

DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper provided
1.Which of the following values of the azimuthal quantum number is not
possible if the principal quantum number, n has a value of 3?
a. 3
b. 2
c. 0
d. 1
2.What is the possible value of magnetic quantum number when [n, l] = [2,0]?
a. 2
b. -1
c. 1
d. 0
3. Which of the following quantum numbers, [ n,l ,ml ], is not possible?
a. [3, 2, -2]

b. [1, 0, 0]
c. [4, 2, 0]

d. [3, 1, -2]
 4. Chris wanted to know the shape of the orbital at which the electron is
found. Which quantum number should he look at?
a. Principal quantum number
b. Azimuthal quantum number
c. Magnetic quantum number
d. Spin quantum number
5. Kyle already know the energy level and the shape of the orbital at
which the electron is found. What quantum number should he look into
if he wants to know the orientation of the orbital in space relative to other
orbitals?
a. Principal quantum number
b. Spin quantum number
c. Azimuthal quantum number
d. Magnetic quantum number

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Reflective Learning Sheet No. 1

THINK ABOUT IT!

Direction: Write a reflective learning about the by answering the Exit Card
Activity. You may express your answers in a more critical and creative presentation
of your learning. Have fun and enjoy!
EXIT SLIP

What was the most important part of what you learned in the lesson today?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
How’s what you learned today connected to your previous knowledge?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
How will what you learned today help you in the future?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
 REFERENCES
• https://www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry/atomic-
structure-the-quantum-mechanical-model/
• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/quantum-
physics/quantum-numbers-and-orbitals/a/the-quantum-mechanical-
model-of-the-atom
• Quipper School Philippines, Study Guide, Electronic Structure of Matter
• https://www.oakparkusd.org/cms/lib5/CA01000794/Centricity/Domain/8
63/QuantumMechanicalModel.pdf
• https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Standing_wave.gif

ANSWER KEY

Pre-test
1. D. Democritus
2. D. Quantum numbers
3. D. Quantum Mechanical model
4. A. Horizontal quantum number
5. A. Principal quantum number
Activity

Type of Quantum Number Description of Orbital

principal • • energy level of the electron

angular momentum • • direction of electron spinning

magnetic • • orientation of the orbital in space

spin • • shape of orbital

Checking Understanding

Post-test
1. 3
2. 0
3. [3, 1, -2]
4. Angular/azimuthal quantum number
5. Magnetic quantum number
 Lesson 2: Data from Electronic Configuration

• You will investigate the relationship between the electron configuration to the
period number, group number, number of paired, unpaired electron/s,
number of valence electron/s, and number of core electrons.
• Specifically, this module will help you to determine period number, group
number, number of paired, unpaired electron/s, number of valence
electron/s, and number of core electrons of an element using the
information from electronic configuration.

Let us start your journey in learning more on relationship between the electron
configuration to the period number, group number, number of paired, unpaired
electron/s, number of valence electron/s, and number of core electrons. I am
sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What atom matches this electron configuration? 1s 22s22p63s2
a. Neon
b. Magnesium
c. Aluminum
d. Potassium
2. What atom matches this electron configuration? 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10?
a. Zinc
b. Copper
c. Nickel
d. Germanium
3. What is the electron configuration for a Sulfur atom?
a. 1s22s22p63p6
b. 1s22s22p63s23p6
c. 1s22s22p63s23p4
d. 3p4
4. What atom matches this electron configuration?
1s22s22p63s33p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d9
a. Mercury
b. Gold
c. Platinum
d. Thallium
5. What electron configuration matches an oxygen atom?
a. 1s22s22p63s2, 3p64s23d104p5
b. 1s22s22p4
c. 1s22s22p6
d. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Electron configurations are the summary of where the electrons are around a
nucleus. As we learned earlier, each neutral
atom has a number of electrons equal to its
number of protons. What we will do now is place
those electrons into an arrangement around the
nucleus that indicates their energy and the
shape of the orbital in which they are located.
Here is a summary of the types of orbitals and
how many electrons each can contain: So
based on quantum numbers and using the
chart above, you need 2 electrons to fill an s
orbital, 6 electrons to fill a p orbital, 10
electrons to fill a d orbital and 14 electrons to
fill the f orbital.
Order of Fill

The order in which electrons are placed into the orbitals is based on the order of their
energy. This is referred to as the Aufbau principle. The lowest energy orbitals fill first.
Just like the quantum numbers themselves this order was determined by calculation
and is summarized by the chart on the right.

The electron configuration of an atom is simply the representation of

the arrangement of electrons distributed among the orbital shells and
subshells. Commonly, it is used to describe the orbitals of an atom in its
ground state, but it can also be used to represent an atom that has ionized
into a cation or anion by compensating with the loss of or gain of electrons in
their subsequent orbitals. Many of the physical and chemical properties of
elements can be correlated to their unique electron configurations. The
valence electrons, electrons in the outermost shell, are the determining factor
for the unique chemistry of the element.

As stated, the electron configuration of each element is unique to its

position on the periodic table. The energy level is determined by the period
and the number of electrons is given by the atomic number of the
element. Orbitals on different energy levels are similar to each other, but they
occupy different areas in space.

The 1s orbital and 2s orbital both have the characteristics of an s orbital

but, as they are found in different energy levels, they occupy different spaces
around the nucleus. Each orbital can be represented by specific blocks on the
periodic table. The s-block is the region of the alkali metals including helium
(Groups 1 & 2), the d-block are the transition metals (Groups 3 to 12), the p-
block are the main group elements from Groups 13 to 18, and the f-block are
the lanthanides and actinides series.

Recall from Grade 8 that the elements are arranged in the periodic table
in the order of increasing atomic number. This also means that the elements
are arranged according to the number of electrons. For example, both
hydrogen and lithium have one electron in the highest energy level. Beryllium
has two, and boron has three. So, the number of electrons in the highest
energy level of the elements is the basis of their location on the periodic
table.
 Example: Looking at the periodic table, Oxygen has 8 electrons. Based
on the order of fill above, these 8 electrons would fill in the following order 1s,
2s and then 2p. Therefore, oxygen's electron configuration would be
O 1s22s22p4. Here in the example, 2+2+4 = 8 electrons are distributed.
• The highest energy level reached is 2 which means that Oxygen belongs to
period 2 in the periodic table.
• The number of electrons in the highest energy level is 6 which means that
oxygen belongs to the family VI in the periodic table.
• The highest sublevel reached is p which means that oxygen belongs to Groups
13 to 18.
• The number of electrons in the outermost shell of oxygen is 6, so the valence
electrons of oxygen is 6.
Iron has 26 electrons so its normal electron configuration would be:
Fe 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6

Here in the example, 2+2+6+2+6+2+6 = 26 electrons are distributed.

• The highest energy level reached is 4 which means that Iron belongs to period
4 in the periodic table.
• The number of electrons in the highest energy level is 6 which means that
oxygen belongs to the family VI in the periodic table.
• The highest sublevel reached is d which means that oxygen belongs to Groups
the transition metals (Groups 3 to 12) d-block.
• The number of electrons in the outermost shell of oxygen is 8, so the valence
electrons of oxygen is 8.
 Direction: Fill the table by determining highest
energy level, no. of electrons in the highest
energy level, group and period of each element
using its the electronic configuration.
Element Electronic # of Highest Period No.of Group Valence
Configuration electrons energy electrons electrons
level in the
highest
energy
level
Boron 1s2 2s2 2p1
Nitrogen 1s2 2s2 2p3
Silicon 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p2

Carbon 1s2 2s22p2

Sodium 1s22s22p63s1

Directions: Answer the question based on the diagram on the right.

What is the electron number of this element? _________.
What is the proton number of this element? _______.
What is the electronic configuration of this element?
_____________________.
In which period of the periodic element would you find this
element_______.
In which period of the periodic element would you find this
element? ______.
What is the valence electron of this element? __________.

• Elements are placed in order on the periodic table based on their atomic
number and how many protons they have.
• The number of electrons will equal the number of protons.
• The total number of electrons distributed in the electronic configuration is
given by the atomic number of the element.
• The period is the horizontal row in the periodic table.
• The highest energy level of an element is determined by the period in the
periodic table.
• The group is the vertical row in in the periodic table.
 • The number of electrons in the highest energy level is determined by the
group in the periodic table.
• The number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular
atom determines its reactivity, or tendency to form chemical bonds with
other atoms. This outermost shell is known as the valence shell, and
the electrons found in it are called valence electrons.
• The position of an element in the periodic table—its column, or group, and
row, or period—provides useful information about how those electrons are
arranged.

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. The electron configuration of an atom is 1s 22s22p6. The number of electrons in
the atom is
a. 3 c. 8
b. 6 d. 10
2. The electron configuration of an atom is 1s 22s22p6. The number of valence
electrons in the atom is
a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
3. What atom is represented here?
a. Carbon
b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Fluorine
4. How many valence electrons are
represented here?
a. 7 b. 5 c. 2 d. 8
5. What is the electron configuration for
this atom?
a. 1s22s22p6
b. 1s22s22p5
c. 1s22s22p3
d. 2s22p3

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Reflective Learning Sheet No. 1
THINK ABOUT IT!
Direction: Write a reflective learning about the by answering the Exit Card Activity.
You may express your answers in a more critical and creative presentation of your
learning. Have fun and enjoy!
https://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1045/e_config.html
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Purdue/Purdue%3A_Chem_26505%3A_Orga
nic_Chemistry_I_(Lipton)/Chapter_1._Electronic_Structure_and_Chemical_Bonding
/1.01_Electronic_Configuration_of_Atoms

Pre-Test
1.B 2. A 3.C 4.B 5.B
Activity
Number
of
Electronic Highest electrons
# of Valence
Element Configuration energy Period in the Group
electrons electrons
level highest
energy
level
Boron 1s2 2s2 2p1 5 2 2 3 IIIA 3
Nitrogen 1s2 2s2 2p3 7 2 2 5 VA 5
Silicon 1s2 14 3 3 4 IVA 4
2s2 2p63s23p2
Carbon 1s2 2s22p2 6 2 2 4 IVA 4
Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 11 3 3 1 I 1
Checking Understanding
What is the electron number of this element? 10
What is the proton number of this element? 10
What is the electronic configuration of this element? 1s2 2s2 2p6
In which period of the periodic element would you find this element? 2
In which group of the periodic element would you find this element? 8A
What is the valence electron of this element? 8
Post test
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C