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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15330

First edition
1999-09-01

Fasteners — Preloading test for the

detection of hydrogen embrittlement —
Parallel bearing surface method
Éléments de fixation — Essai de précharge pour la détection de la
fragilisation par l'hydrogène — Méthode des plaques parallèles

A Reference number
ISO 15330:1999(E)
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ISO 15330:1999(E)

Contents Page

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1

2 Normative references .............................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 2

4 Principle .................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Test apparatus .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

6 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7 Test procedure.......................................................................................................................................................... 6

8 Test evaluation ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

9 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet [email protected]
Printed in Switzerland

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© ISO ISO 15330:1999(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

International Standard ISO 15330 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2, Fasteners, Subcommittee
SC 1, Mechanical properties of fasteners.

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ISO 15330:1999(E) © ISO

Introduction

When atomic hydrogen enters steels, it can cause loss of ductility or load-carrying ability, cracking (usually as
submicroscopic cracks) or catastrophic brittle failures at applied stresses well below the yield strength or even the
normal design strength for the alloys. This phenomenon often occurs in alloys that show no significant loss in
ductility when measured by conventional tensile tests, and is frequently referred to as hydrogen-induced delayed
brittle failure, hydrogen stress cracking or hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogen can be introduced during heat
treatment, gas carburizing, cleaning, pickling, phosphating, electroplating and in the service environment as a result
of cathodic protection or corrosion reactions. Hydrogen can also be introduced during fabrication, for example
during roll forming, machining, and drilling due to coolant or lubricant break-down as well as during welding or
brazing operations.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 15330:1999(E)

Fasteners — Preloading test for the detection of hydrogen

embrittlement — Parallel bearing surface method

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies a preloading test which is able to detect the occurence of hydrogen
embrittlement of fasteners at room temperature.

This test is applicable to

 metric bolts, screws and studs;

 thread rolling screws;

 self-tapping screws;

 self-drilling screws;

 nuts;

 washers

which are made of steel and are under tensile stress.

The test shall be carried out within a temperature range of 10 ∞C to 35 ∞C.

The test is suitable only for in-process control and may be carried out after any step of the manufacturing process. It
is not intended as an acceptance test. It is capable of assessing differences or changes in processing conditions or
techniques and to determine the effectiveness of the various processing steps including pre- and post-coating
treatments (baking) to reduce the mobile hydrogen in the fasteners.

This test does not relieve the manufacturer or processor from the responsibility of imposing and monitoring suitable
process control.

NOTE The chance of detecting hydrogen embrittlement decreases significantly if the test is started more than 24 h after
the last step of manufacturing process. Therefore, in normal cases this test is not suitable for acceptance testing.

Special attention shall be given to the reference test in clause 7.3.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 273:1979, Fasteners — Clearance holes for bolts and screws.

ISO 2702:1992, Heat-treated steel tapping screws — Mechanical properties.

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ISO 15330:1999(E) © ISO

ISO 7085:1999, Mechanical and performance requirements of case hardened and tempered metric thread rolling
screws.

ISO 10666:1999, Drilling screws with tapping screw thread — Mechanical and functional properties.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement
characteristic of a steel fastener to display brittle failure due to the presence of mobile hydrogen and when
subjected to a significant degree of tensile stress and/or adverse service conditions

NOTE 1 With increasing susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement, the critical amount of mobile hydrogen which may cause
brittle failure decreases markedly.

NOTE 2 After the manufacturing process, susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement cannot be reduced or changed into an
unsusceptible condition, even by any post-coating heat treatment (baking).

3.2
risk of hydrogen embrittlement
risk of failure which arises if fasteners made from steel which are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement absorb
hydrogen and are subjected to tensile stress and/or residual tensile stress

NOTE The risk of hydrogen embrittlement can be reduced when in the relevant process steps hydrogen supply is
minimized and/or when suitable post-coating heat treatment is carried out to enable hydrogen to effuse and/or to trap hydrogen
irreversibly in the steel.

3.3
manufacturing lot
quantity of fasteners of a single designation including product grade, property class and size, manufactured from
bar, wire, rod or flat product from a single cast, processed through the same or similar steps at the same time or
over a continuous time period through the same heat treatment and/or coating process, if any

Same heat treatment or coating process means:

 for a continuous process, the same treatment cycle without any setting modification;

 for a discontinuous process, the same treatment cycle for identical consecutive loads (batches).

NOTE The manufacturing lot may be split into a number of manufacturing batches for processing purposes and then
reassembled into the same manufacturing lot.

3.4
manufacturing batch
quantity of identical fasteners from the same manufacturing lot processed together at one time

4 Principle

The preloading test is carried out in suitable test devices. The fasteners are subjected to stress in the range of the
yield point or the breaking torque either by torquing with a mating nut (or bolt) or by driving in a pretapped plate, see
Figures 1 to 3. Other loading systems and fixtures are permissible, provided that the required stress in the range of
the yield point or breaking torque of the relevant fastener can be achieved. The stress or torque is held at least for
48 h. After every 24 h the fasteners are retightened to the initial stress or torque and at the same time checked if
failure due to hydrogen embrittlement has occurred.