CNAE Codes

Annual Trade
Survey
Methodological notes
Last update: December 2015

Index
1 Introduction 3
2 Objectives 4
3 Statistical unit 20
4 Survey scope 26
4.1 Population scope 26
4.2 Territorial or geographical scope 37
4.3 Time scope 37
5 Design and sample 31
5.1 Population framework 31
5.2 Type of sampling. Stratification 32
5.3 Sample size. Allocation 31
5.4 Sample selection 32
5.5 Estimators 31
5.6 Sampling errors 32
6 Variables and definitions 33

INE National Statistics Institute
6.1 Classification variables 33
6.2 Target variables studied 34
6.2.1 Variables requested in the questionnaire 7
6.2.2 Economic groups 8
6.2.3 Indicators 10
2
7 Information collection 35
7.1 General Organisation 35
7.2 Measures to reduce the statistical burden of enterprises 37
8 Data processing 39
9 Dissemination of the information 39
Annex 1. CNAE-2009 activities included in the survey

scope 39
Annex 2. Groups, economic activity sectors and sub-

sectors and their equivalence with CNAE-2009 39
Annex 3. Sub-sectors and stratification by size of the

enterprise, according to the number of employees 39
3
1 Introduction
The Annual Trade Survey is included in the structural-survey category in

accordance with the European Union Parliament and Council Regulation 295/2008
regarding Structural Business Statistics. Specifically in this survey, there is
research of the enterprises dedicated to activities related with the sale and repair
of motor vehicles and motorcycles, wholesale, retail and trade intermediaries.
These statistics, which provide annual information on the structural and economic
characteristics of the mentioned activities, represent the best way to know the
economic impact of the trade sector as a whole and of each sub-sector it consist
of.
In the following sections, there is a description of the general methodology of the
survey, its objectives, observation unit and scope of research. Subsequently,
there is reference to the sampling process and its design; then, the definitions of
the main variables are published. Finally, there is a brief comment on the different
development phases of the survey: information collection, processing, tabulation
and dissemination of the results.
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2 Objectives
The main objective of the Annual Trade Survey is to study the structural and
economic characteristics of the enterprises that carry out trade activities.
To achieve this objective information relating to various enterprise characteristics
is collected, such as: main activity, legal nature, activity period, premises,
variables on the employment structure and accounting data, such as purchases
and expenditure, income, capital movements and taxes.
The information obtained must fulfil a set of basic requirements, such as being
comparable on an international level, covering the information needs demanded
by the different statistics users, and being a useful instrument for the National
Accounts. Moreover, it will serve as a framework to update short-term indicators
and to study the transformations operated in the sector.
Another objective is to assess the quality of the directories used in the surveys,
and the appropriateness of the questionnaires with regard to the reality of the
sector studied.
The methodology of this survey adjusts to Eurostat (Statistical Office of the
European Union) guidelines, which are specified in its regulation. Specifically, for
the analysis of the Trade sector, the European Union Council Regulation no.
295/2008 regarding Structural Business Statistics, establishes two types of
statistical operations: annual operations that provide information referring to the
whole sector (section G of the National Classification of Economic Activities,
CNAE-2009) and multiannual statistics in which the peculiarities of each one of the
three trade divisions are analysed exhaustively.
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3 Statistical unit
The statistical unit may be defined as the element or component of the population
object of observation and research to which the tabulation of the data and the
aggregated statistics obtained as the result of the surveys refers.
The survey's statistical unit are enterprises whose main economic activity is the
rendering of any of the services included in the population scope. The enterprise
is also the respondent unit due to the fact that the it is perfectly defined and located
and its accounting and employment data is available, therefore, responding is
easier and homogeneous information is obtained.
An enterprise corresponds to an organisational unit of production of goods and
services, which has a certain autonomy in decision-making, mainly when using
the current resources it has available. The enterprise may carry out one or more
activities in one or more places.
An enterprise is considered to belong to the trade sector as per the survey if its
main activity is included in Section G of CNAE-2009.
The studied enterprises were classified according to their main activity. Likewise,
all of the study variables referring to the enterprise were assigned to said activity.
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4 Survey scope
The survey scope is defined relating to the population researched, time, and space.
4.1 Population scope

The target population of study of the survey is the group of enterprises whose by
main activity is included in Section G of the National Classification of Economic
Activities (CNAE-2009), that is, survey covers:
• Sale and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.
• Wholesale trade and commerce intermediaries, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles.
• Retail trade, except motor vehicles and motorcycles.
Annex 1 includes in detail, all the activities included in the survey scope.
4.2 Territorial or geographical scope

All statistical units located in the Spanish territory are object of the research.
4.3 Time scope

The reference period for the survey is the year. The data regarding the number of
establishments and employment regarding a specific date, are requested with
reference to 30 September.
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5 Design and sample
5.1 Population framework

For all activities, the Central Business Register (CBR), which contains information
on the main economic activity and on the number of employees in enterprises,
which enables their stratification by these concepts, has been used as the survey
framework. Also featured in this directory is data on the identification and location
of the statistical units, which are necessary for collecting the information correctly.
The data contained in the CBR is obtained using administrative sources, mainly
coming from the Tax Agency and Social Security, and is completed with
information from the statistical operations of the INE
5.2 Type of sampling. Stratification

The target population of study has been divided, as per sample design, into a
series of defined strata according to the following four variables:
• Main economic activity of the enterprise, to 4 digits (class), according to CNAE-
2009. In some cases a grouping of economic activity types has been used
according to the need for information.
• Autonomous Community.
• Enterprise size bracket, by number of employees. Despite these brackets vary
according to the economic activity and depending on the distribution of their
population, they are based on the following sectioning:
• 00 Without employees
• 11 1 and 2 employees
• 12 3 to 5 employees
• 16 50 or more employees
Details by activities are included in Annex 3.
Consequently, each stratum is determined by the crossing of these variables. Each
stratum has constituted an independent population as per sampling.
For all activities, enterprises with 50 or more employees have been researched
exhaustively, as well as all enterprises that belong to the group of Affiliates of
Foreign Companies in Spain. Finally, other companies with less than 20 or 50
employees are also included, by activity, if they have high turnover.
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5.3 Sample size. Allocation
Within each stratum, the sample size is calculated by means of optimum or
Neyman allocation. When an error regarding sampling for the number of wage
earners variable and for turnover variable1 is prefixed, generally for activity at the
class level and total national of 2% and division level and autonomous community
of 7.5%, the following expression of the sample size is obtained.
Nh Sh ∑ Nh Sh
nh = h
V + ∑ N h S h2
h
where:
Nh number of enterprises of the framework in stratum h
Sh standard deviable of the variable in stratum h
V is the prefixed absolute error:
V = (0,02. Xa)2; Xa being the variable total on a national level.
V = (0,075. Xdc)2; Xdc being the total of the variable in each group of activity(d) and
Autonomous Community (c).
This design allows providing information at national level of the activities included
in Annex 3, as well as to two digits, divisions of CNAE-2009, by Autonomous
Community.
5.4 Sample selection

Once the sample sizes in each stratum are calculated, a random selection is made.
By applying the Permanent Random Number Technique it is possible to obtain a
simple random sample in each stratum, coordinating this selection with the other
surveys, based on the same framework.
5.5 Estimators
Unbiased estimators have been used in the stratified sample with correction of the
directory according to the type of incidence occurred.
The estimator of variable X for stratum h is
nh
N
Xˆ h = h
nh
∑X
i =1
hi
1 Turnover variable may be estimated from the results of the surveys performed in previous years.
9
where:
Xhi is the value of variable X in enterprise i from stratum h.
nh is the number of enterprises in the sample selected in stratum h.
Nh is the number of enterprises in the directory in stratum h.
However, due to the different incidences arising in conducting the survey
(refusals, inactive businesses, unreachable businesses, delistings, changes in
Nh
n
stratum, unsurveyable businesses, etc.) this elevation factor h will only be used
in the case of enterprises that have been selected in stratum h and that have
passed onto a different stratum k (due to a change in size, activity or Autonomous
Community).
If the enterprise has not changed stratum, this factor is corrected with the new
N̂ h∗
∗
factor n h
where:
nh∗ is the number of enterprises in the sample in stratum h that have not changed
stratum.
N̂ h∗ is the estimated number of enterprises from the framework in stratum h that

have not changed stratum, which is calculated according to the following
expression:
 b  N
Nˆ h∗ = N h 1 − h  − ∑ h n hk
 nh  k ≠ h nh
where:
bh is the number of enterprises, duplicated or closed temporarily in stratum h
nhk is the number of enterprises selected in stratum h and that actually belong to
stratum k.
This way, the final estimate of the total variable X is calculated as follows:
n h*
ˆ* n kh
N N
Xˆ = ∑ (∑ *h xhi + ∑ k ∑x ki )
h i =1 nh k ≠ h nk i =1
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5.6 Sampling errors
If X̂ it is the estimate of the total of the variable X, its relative sampling error is
given (in percentage) according to the expression:
Var ( Xˆ )
CV ( Xˆ ) = ∗ 100
Xˆ
where:
Vˆ ( Xˆ ) the variance estimate of X̂ , is calculated approximately.
It is explained below the Raulin formula for calculating the variance, which
produces a good approximation of the direct estimator. This formula is general,
so it is valid for sampling with equal probabilities as uneven and is a function of
elevation factor.
Being a m domain (subgroup of a population, for which data are obtained), the
estimator is:
X̂ m = ∑∑ Fhi X hi Z hmi
h i
where:
i denotes corporations and strata in the aforementioned domain m
Elevator factor is equal to for companies that do not change layer and equal
to for the ones that change (from h to any other)
is a variable that takes the value 1 if the firm i belongs to my domain 0

otherwise.
The estimated variance would be:

V ( Xˆ m ) = ∑∑ Fhi ( Fhi − 1)( X hi ⋅ Z hmi − Xˆ hm ) 2
h i
where:
∑F hi ⋅ X hi ⋅ Z hi
Xˆ hm = i
∑F i
hi
(Not taken into account companies with factor equal to one for the calculation of the mean)
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6 Variables and definitions
Distinction is made between the following types of variables:

6.1. Classification variables
6.2. Target variables studied
6.2.1. Variables requested in the questionnaire
6.2.2. Economic groups
6.2.3. Economic and employment indicators
6.1 Classification variables

Tabulation is presented tending to the following classification criteria:
• Main economic activity, according to the codes of CNAE-2009.
• Size of the enterprise, according to the number of employed persons.
• Geographical distribution, by Autonomous Community.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The economic activity carried out by an enterprise is defined as the creation of

added value through the production of goods and services.
Each one of the statistical units studied (enterprises) frequently carries out diverse
activities that should be classified in separate classes from the National
Classification of Economic Activities. In general, the activities carried out by an
economic unit may be one of three types: main, secondary and auxiliary activities.
The main activity differs from secondary activities in that it generates greater
added value; whilst auxiliary activities are those that generate services that are not
sold on the market and that only serve the unit on which they depend
(administration departments, transport services or storage).
Facing the difficulty implied for enterprises to calculate the added value when they
carry out several activities, the main activity is considered to be that which
generates the greatest turnover, or failing this, that which employs the greatest
number of persons.
Initially each enterprise is assigned to a main economic activity in the Central

Business Register. This activity is determined by administrative information (fiscal
heading present in the Tax on Economic Activities, activity code of CNAE-2009
which appears in the Social Security Contribution Accounts… ). However, it has
already been mentioned that enterprises usually carry out more than one activity,
which means that each enterprise must be registered in several headings of the
Tax on Economic Activities, and to be able to assign these main starting activities,
the Register Unit of the INE applies a series of filters and criteria. This main
starting activity may be modified in the collection of the survey with the
description the enterprise makes of its main activity.
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Finally, the information that is requested from the informant units refers not only
to the activity considered the main activity, but also to all the secondary and
auxiliary activities which are carried out. It shall be mentioned that once the main
activity is determined, all the variables of study referring to the enterprise are
assigned to said activity.
ENTERPRISE SIZE
The size of the enterprises is one of the most important variables when it comes
to determining enterprise performance. This dimension may be established in
terms of the magnitude of turnover or the production value, or by considering the
number of persons who comprise the staff. In these statistics, the second option
is considered in order to determine the size of the enterprises, presenting tables
by sections of employed persons.
Employed personnel (employees) are considered to be the set of persons who

contribute, by means of their work, to the production of goods and services, or
who carry out auxiliary activities in the enterprise, whether or not they are
remunerated. This includes those persons on leave for a short period of time
(leave due to illness, holidays or exceptional leave), personnel on strike and those
persons who work outside of the company, but who are a part of it and are paid
by it.
Not included as employed persons are the following:

• Personnel that is assigned to the company, but depend on another one which
is paid for that service.
• The persons with unlimited leave.
• The persons who work solely on commission.
• The free professionals linked to the company by a mercantile contract.
• Exclusively capitalist partners and families of the owner who do not participate
actively in the company.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
The last classification variable used is the Autonomous Community, which is

obtained from the geographical location of the corporate address. This

classification may be used for the activities in which the sample is representative
by Autonomous Community.
Nonetheless, given that any enterprise can have its address and administrative
management in one Autonomous Community and have its establishments in
other geographical locations; it also presents an Autonomous breakdown for five
variables, considering the location of said establishments.
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6.2 Classification variables
Target variables studied in this survey may be classified into the three following
types:
• Variables coming from the questionnaire. They generally have a direct
correspondence with the General Accounting Plan.
• Economic groups. They are variables derived from the previous ones,
collected in the European Union Council Regulation no. 295/2008 regarding
Structural Business Statistics.
• Economic and employment indicators.
Note: The Annual Trade Survey has certain specific modules by activities attached
to it, by which additional information is collected regarding the own characteristics
of each specific sector, such as the breakdown of turnover by type of product or
according to type of clients. These characteristics are disseminated in the
statistical operation called Statistics on Products in the Trade Sector.
6.2.1 VARIABLES REQUESTED IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE
The fundamental feature of this survey is the study of economic variables. To

collect information on monetary movements, companies accounting has been
considered the most adequate source, due to which the questionnaires referring
to purchases, expenses and income take the denominations and criteria of the
General Accounting Plan (PGC-2007) as a reference point. This guarantees the
homogeneity of the information and facilitates response for the companies
participating, using a common terminology and requesting data that the company
already has prepared.
Within the General Accounting Plan, the content of the profit and loss account
offers the most important information and the framework that best adapts to the
objectives of the survey, and therefore, the data that comprises this account is
defined in a detailed manner.
The information obtained directly from the General Accounting Plan is not always
sufficient to ascertain the way in which income and expenses are generated, the
value of imports and exports, the distribution of personnel expenses, or the
importance of each one of the services provided. For this reason, sometimes the
questionnaires include more detailed questions, in all cases trying not to leave the
accounting chart
NUMBER OF PREMISES
A premises corresponds to an enterprise or to a part of an enterprise(workshop,

factory, warehouse, offices, deposit) located in a topographically delimited place.
In said premises, or from it, economic activities are carried out that one or more
persons are dedicated to (with exceptions), and who work for the same company.
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PURCHASES AND EXPENSES
They represent the value of all goods, other than investment assets and of all the
services acquired during the reference year. These goods and services are
earmarked for sale in the same state in which they are acquired, or following
transformation and integration in other products, or intended for the current
functioning of the company.
The purchases of goods and services are valued at acquisition price, excluding
charged and deductible VAT. They are accounted for in net terms, in other words,
discounting rebates on purchases, discounts for quality defects or deliveries
returned to the supplier.
A distinction is made between:
A. PURCHASES AND WORK CARRIED OUT BY OTHER COMPANIES
Purchases are divided into:

- Net purchases of merchandise. Value of the goods acquired by the
enterprise, to be resold in the same condition in which they were acquired
without transformation. They are accounted for in net terms, that is, applying
the discounts awarded for prompt payment 4, rebates 5 on purchases, purchase
returns and similar operations 6.
- Net purchases of raw materials. Value of goods acquired to be
transformed during the productive process. They are accounted for in net
terms, that is, applying the discounts awarded for prompt payment 4, rebates 5
on purchases, purchase returns and other similar operations 6.
- Net purchases of other supplies. Value of the purchases of supplies such
as fuel, spare parts, packaging, office material, etc., they have to be storable.
They are accounted for in net terms, that is, applying discounts awarded for
prompt payment(4), rebates(5) on the purchases, purchase returns and similar
operations(6).
- Tasks carried out by other enterprises or professionals in the sector.
Value of work that, forming part of the production process itself, is ordered
and carried out by other enterprises or professionals.
B. GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF THE PURCHASES AND TASKS CARRIED OUT BY
OTHER ENTERPRISES
This section asks for a breakdown as a percentage of the origin of purchases,

differentiating between:
4
Discounts awarded for prompt payment. Discounts and the like awarded to the enterprise by suppliers, for prompt payment,
not included in the invoice.
5
Rebates. These are discounts and the like which come about due to having reached a specific order volume
6
Returns of purchases. This comprises remittances returned to suppliers normally for non-fulfilment of the order conditions.
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- Spain: distinguishing between the same Autonomous Community and
the rest of Spain.
- Other countries belonging to the European Union.
- Rest of the World.
C. EXPENDITURE ON EXTERNAL SERVICES
Expenditure by the enterprise incurred for services of a varied nature received

from third parties. The total of external services are presented as they appear
in PGC-2007, broken down into the following headings:
- Research and development. Expenditure on research and development
by services entrusted to other enterprises.
- Leasing and royalties. Value of the payments accrued from renting
chattel and real estate used by the enterprise, and of the fixed or variable
amounts which are met through the entitlement to use the different
expressions of industrial property.
- Repairs and maintenance. Maintenance costs of the goods included
under tangible assets (IT equipment, buildings, vehicles, machinery, etc.)
carried out by third parties.
- Independent professional services. This comprises the fees of
economists, lawyers, auditors, notaries etc., as well as commissions for
independent mediators.
- Transport carried out by third parties. Expenditure by the company for
transport by third parties, where it is not appropriate to include them in the
acquisition price.
- Non-corporate insurance premiums. Amounts satisfied for insurance
that does not have a corporate nature referring to the enterprise staff.
- Bank services and the like. Amounts paid for banking services and the
like, such as commissions for different concepts (payment management,
transfers, cheques, cards, account cancellations, etc.
- Advertising, propaganda and public relations. Expenditure on these
concepts hired with third parties in order to present the company or its
products.
- Supplies. Value of the expenses made by the company in acquiring non-

storable supplies: water, electricity, gas, etc.
- Other expenses on external services. These include payments to
temporary employment agencies, travel expenses, allowances, staff transport,
post, telephone, fax, courier services, cleaning of premises, surveillance and
security and other office expenses not already covered.
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- Tasks carried out by other companies or professionals in the sector.
Value of work that, forming part of the production process itself, is entrusted
and carried out by other enterprises or professionals.
D. GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF THE EXPENDITURE ON EXTERNAL SERVICES
According to geographical origin, this is broken down as a percentage

between: Spain, other countries belonging to the European Union and rest of
the world.
E. STAFF EXPENSES
Staff expenses are considered to be all those payments to the personnel,

regardless of the form or the concept they pay for, paid to the whole of the
employees as remuneration for their work, as well as the compulsory and
optional corporate costs borne by the company.
The expenses of the paid staff are divided, according to the General
Accounting Plan, into:
- Gross salaries and wages: These are the payments, in cash or in kind,
with which the company pays for the work of its employees, without
discounting taxes, contributions of the employees to Social Security and other
worker obligations and amounts withheld at the point of origin by the
employing enterprise.
- Compensations: Amounts given to the company personnel to
compensate for any damage or loss, including compensation for dismissal,
disease, early retirement etc.
- Social Security contributions which are the responsibility of the
company: Covers obligatory contributions the company makes directly to
Social Security, on behalf of its employees, for the different services rendered.
- Long-term remuneration by means of contribution or defined benefit
systems: Values of the contributions accrued for long-term payments to staff,
such as pensions or other retirement benefits, via a contribution or defined
benefit system.
- Remunerations to staff via equity instruments: Amounts settled by the
enterprise with equity instruments, in other words, shares, holdings, etc., or
with values in cash based on the value of equity instruments in exchange of
the services rendered by the employees.

- Other corporate expenses: The corporate expenses incurred by the
enterprise, in compliance with a legal or voluntary disposition, in favour of its
employees. This includes subsidies to company stores and canteens,
maintenance of schools and vocational training schools, study grants, bonus
paid for life insurance contracts, accidents, illness, etc., except Social Security
quotas.
For the unpaid staff, this includes Social Security contributions (self-employed
quota) and other corporate expenses.
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F. OTHER EXPENDITURE
These include:
- Other current management expenses. Included here are the rest of the
expenses contained in the operating account, and considered of lesser
importance from the point of view of the enterprise activity, or lesser quantity
in relation to the activity expenses. It includes the losses due to client
insolvency, the results of operations in common, and other current
management losses.
- Financial expenditure. That originating from the external financing of the
company. This includes: The value of the financial burden corresponding to
value adjustments of provisions for financial updating; The interest accrued
during the fiscal year corresponding to the financing of others in values
representative of the debt, regardless of the expiry period and the way in
which the aforementioned interest is applied; value of interest on loans
received and other debts pending amortisation; interest on instalment
discounts and other effects, as well as factoring operations; the losses
resulting from the valuation at a reasonable value of given financial
instruments; the dividends accrued during the fiscal year corresponding to
financing by others; the losses from the decreases, transfers, or cancellation
of values representing debts and equity instruments; the losses resulting from
definite insolvencies of non-commercial loans; negative exchange rate
differences; the losses resulting from modifications in the exchange rate for
fixed-yield securities, loans and cash in foreign currencies; other types of
financial expenditure not previously included.
- Allocations for amortisations. Expression of the systematic, annual,
effective depreciation suffered by material fixed assets, by their application to
the production process and by property investments.
- Deterioration of goods, raw materials and other supplies. It includes the
losses for deterioration of supplies, that is, the value correction carried out at
the end of the fiscal year due to the reversible deterioration of supplies
(merchandise, raw materials and other supplies) along with the reversion of
the supply deterioration, in other words, the correction value for the existing
deterioration as of the end of the fiscal year.
- Losses, deterioration and variation of provisions for transactions
(commercial operations). This includes the losses of irrecoverable commercial

debts, losses due to the deterioration of loans for transactions together with
reversal of that deterioration, the allocation of the provision for commercial
operations (transactions) and the excess of provisions.
- Deterioration and results by transfer of fixed assets. This includes the
results from considering profit and loss from the transfer of intangible of fixed
assets or property investments, or due to decreases in assets. Likewise, it
includes those losses due to the deterioration of intangible or fixed assets,
property investments, together with the reversion of that deterioration.
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- Other results. This also includes exceptional expenses and income
presented by the enterprise. It therefore includes the expenditure for floods,
fire, fines, penalties, etc. and the income, coming, among others, from the
discharge of loans for definite insolvencies that in their time were amortised.
INCOME
This block includes information regarding the income made by the enterprise
during the reference year. There is differentiation between the income from the
main activity of the enterprise and that obtained through secondary or exceptional
activities.
A. TURNOVER
This includes the total amounts invoiced by the enterprise, during the
reference period, for the sales of goods and services supplied to third parties,
considering those carried out directly by the observation unit itself, and those
from temporary outsourcing.
These sales of goods or services are accounted for in net terms, that is,
including the charges to the client (transport, packages, etc.), though invoiced
separately, but deducting the discount on sales for prompt payment, returns
of sales or the value of returned packages, as well as rebates on sales volumes.
This includes taxes and fees on goods or services invoiced by the unit, but
excludes the VAT paid by the client.
From an administrative point of view, the General Accounting Plan (PGC) (RD
1514/2007, of 16 November) defines the "Total net value of turnover", using
the following accounting items: C700+C701+C702+C703+C704+C705-C706-
C708-C709 with:
C700. Sales of merchandise
C701. Sales of finished products
C702. Sales of semi-finished products
C703. Sales of sub-products and waste
C704. Sales of packages and packaging
C705. Provision of services
C706. Discount on sales for prompt payment
C708. Returns of sales and similar transactions
C709. “Rebates" on sales

Therefore, turnover includes neither subsidies nor other operating income. It
also excludes financial and extraordinary income, and other income that
affects the results of the fiscal year.
B. GEOGRAPHICAL DESTINATION OF THE SALES AND THE PROVISION OF
SERVICES
This section applies a breakdown, as a percentage, of the destination of the

sales and the provision of services, differentiating between:
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- Spain: differentiating between the same Autonomous Community and
the rest of Spain.
- Other countries belonging to the European Union
- The rest of the world
C. OTHER INCOME
Included in this block are the following:

- Tasks performed by the enterprise on assets. That work carried out by
the enterprise for its tangible assets, using its equipment and its staff, which
become assets. Also accounted for in this subgroup are the tasks entrusted to
other enterprises for the purpose of research and development. This can affect
both tangible assets: technical installations, equipment for information
processes, large repairs or improvements, etc.; and real estate investments:
land, buildings and construction as investment, and intangible assets:
computer applications, research and development, audio-visual productions,
etc.
- Operating subsidies incorporated into the result of the fiscal year. These
are the transfer amounts granted to the enterprise by Public Administrations,
enterprises or individuals with the objective of ensuring minimal profitability,
compensating operation deficit for the fiscal year or previous fiscal years, or
facilitating sufficient remuneration of production factors. Not included are
those carried out by own partners or companies in the group, multigroup or
associates. Nor are included those quantities received under the form of tax
exemption or help for investment. This also includes the amount transferred
to the result of the fiscal year of other subsidies, donations and bequests other
than income subsidies.
- Imputation of non-financial fixed asset subsidies and others. Value
transferred to the result for the fiscal year of capital subsidies, donations and
bequests granted by Public Administrations, enterprises or individuals for the
establishment or fixed structure (non-current shares) of the enterprise where
these are not returnable.
- Other management income. This includes income such as: Income from
leases, income from industrial property granted in operation, income from
commissions. Income from services to the staff: due to services such as
company stores, transport, dwellings, etc., income originating from the

eventual provision of certain services to other companies or individuals, such
as transport, advisory, reports, etc.
- Financial income. It covers the total value of the financial income
obtained by the enterprise during the reference year. This includes: The
income of the enterprise from holdings in instruments of capital gains (for
example, capital from other enterprises), paid during the fiscal year, interest
on fixed-income stocks for the enterprise, paid during the fiscal year, interest
on loans and other credits, paid during the fiscal year, benefits originating due
to the valuation of a reasonable value of given financial instruments, benefits
20
produced by the transfers of representative amounts of debts (debentures,
bonds, etc.) and capital holdings (shares and holding), benefits obtained due
to modifications in exchange rates in fixed-income shares, loans, debts and
cash in foreign currencies.
- Excess of provisions. Positive difference between the value of the
existing provision and that corresponding to the end of the fiscal year, or at
the time of addressing the corresponding obligation. Excesses of provisions
considered are those of taxes, other obligations, environmental action and
restructuring.
- Negative difference in business combinations. It is the excess, in the date
of purchase, of the reasonable value of identifiable assets acquired, less the
liabilities assumes, on the cost of business combinations.
D. STOCK
Value of the stock at the end and the beginning of the year. The goods to which
this section refers are the following: merchandise, raw materials, other
provisions and stock of finished and unfinished products.
The evaluation of this stock is carried out at accountable production cost
without VAT.
OTHER ECONOMIC INFORMATION

A. CAPITAL OPERATIONS
These include the transfers made during the reference year in order to obtain
elements earmarked for use in the activity of the enterprise for the long term.
They also include the improvements, transformations and repairs that prolong
normal useful life, or that increase the productivity of the existing fixed capital.
This excludes current repair and maintenance costs.
They are valued at acquisition price, if bought from third parties and at
production cost, if they are produced by the enterprise itself, including
installation costs and all possible rights and taxes, but excluding charged and
deductible VAT and financing costs. Two types are differentiated:
Material assets and property investments. Material assets include
-
expenditure and income relating to all new or used durable goods, bought
from or sold to other companies or produced for own use, with a useful life
longer than a year and for company use. Among these are land and natural
goods, IT equipment, buildings and existing structures, constructions and
technical installations, transport elements and machinery and tools.
Acquisitions include improvements which extend the normal useful life or
which improve the productivity of fixed assets. They also include rights on
financial leased goods acquired over the year; that is, the value of the right to
use and purchase material assets that the enterprise uses under the financial
leasing scheme.
21
- Property investments are the property acquired for obtaining profit
(income), capital gains or both. They are not used in the production or supply
of goods or services, or for administrative purposes, and they are not for sale
in the normal course of operations.
- Intangible assets. They refer to expenses and income of the enterprise
for the acquisition and sales of long-lasting intangible elements such as
patents, commercial brands, designs, copy write,...Including research and
development expenses, administrative, administrative concessions, industrial
property, goodwill, rights to transfer premises and computer applications.
B. TAXES
Obligatory payments made to Public Administrations, which tax the

productive activity of the enterprise and the use of the production factors. Not
included for the purposes of the survey are taxes on income, capital gains and
capital, corporate taxes and income tax.
A distinction is made between:
Taxes linked to products.
- Taxes linked to imports, registration tax, transfers of wealth and
documented legal acts, tax on gambling and lotteries,...They are taxes paid in
accordance with the value of the goods and services produced or sold
- Special taxes (hydrocarbons, alcohol and tobacco): Taxes of an indirect
nature payable on excise duties and levied, as a one-off, on manufacturing,
importing and, where appropriate, introducing, internally in Spain, certain
goods such as hydrocarbons, alcoholic beverages and tobacco products.
Taxes linked to production.
These are paid regardless of the value of the goods and services produced or
sold. It includes: Economic Activities Tax (IAE), Buildings Tax (IBI), tax on
contamination, circulation of vehicles, stamp rights and registry.
EMPLOYMENT
A. EMPLOYED PERSONNEL
Employed personnel (defined previously) is classified, with 30 September as

the reference date, according to different criteria:
A.1 ACCORDING TO REMUNERATION
- Unpaid staff: comprising persons who direct or actively participate in

company work without receiving fixed remuneration or wages. Included are
owners, autonomous partners who are active within the enterprise and family
assistance. Not included are partners that solely provide capital, nor family
members of the owner who do not actively participate in the company.
22
- Paid staff: this consists of those employees linked to the enterprise by a
labour contract and who are paid fixed or periodic amounts in the form of a
wage, salary, commission, piecework or payments in kind. Distinction is made
between permanent staff (with an indefinite contract or work relationship) or
temporary staff (with a fixed duration contract).
A.2 ACCORDING TO TYPE OF WORKING DAY
- Full time staff: personnel who work a number of hours a week or month
that is considered to be normal in the sector or type of enterprise studied.
- Part time personnel: part-time workers are those persons who work
fewer hours than those considered to be normal in the sector or company. This
covers all forms of part-time labour, such as the average work day, work
limited to one, two or three days per week, etc. .
A.3 ACCORDING TO SEX
All workers employed in the enterprise are differentiated by sex.

B. EVOLUTION OF PERSONNEL BY QUARTER
The personnel may vary over the year due to the necessities of enterprises to
deal with short term improvements in the demand for seasonal factors
(catering) or transitory circumstances in the market. These variations in
employment primarily affect external personnel and temporary employees
(personnel facilitated by Temporary Employment Agencies and professionals
linked to the companies by non-labour contracts).
In order to obtain this evolution in employment throughout the year, average
employment is measured each quarter.
C. PAID STAFF/PERSONNEL (EMPLOYEES) EQUIVALENT TO FULL-TIME
This covers the number of employees converted into full-time equivalent

workers.
D. PERSONNEL EXTERNAL TO THE COMPANY
Due to the special characteristics of services companies, it is interesting to

research the personnel that works for the company but does not appear on the
payroll, and that generates expenses due to a hiring of services.
Information is requested regarding the personnel provided by temporary
employment agencies (TEA), and regarding the personnel that works in the
enterprise linked by a non-labour contract (self-employed workers who work
in the enterprise).
23
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
The distribution, by Autonomous Community, of the number of establishments

and the number of employed persons at 30 September, and the percentages of
turnover, the salaries and wages and the investment in tangible goods that
correspond to each Autonomous Community.
COMPANY PROPERTY
Information is requested regarding the belonging of a company to a business

group, regarding the participation of other companies or partners in the corporate
holdings of the company, and regarding the commercial relationship with the
companies in the group resident in Spain.
- Belonging to a group: information on belonging to a corporate group,
indicating the country of residence of the head of the group. If the head of the
group resides in Spain, the corporate name and the NIF (Tax Identification
Number) is required.
- Commercial relationship with the companies of the group resident in
Spain (only in the case of the company belonging to a group). Distinction is
made between company suppliers and client companies. It shall be indicated
in both cases, if they are solely companies from the group, and if they are, the
name and NIF (tax identification number) of the two most important
companies are requested.
- Pricing and commercial image policy. In the case of belonging to a group,
questions are asked regarding whether there are other companies in the group
resident in Spain that sell the same type of product, with the same pricing and
commercial image policy, and if there are, the name and NIF (tax identification
number) of the two most important companies are requested.
- Capital holdings: Information regarding the majority participation, by
other companies or partners, in the corporate holdings of the company,
indicating the nationality and percentage of participation. Information is also
requested on the number of companies with majority participation by the
company, differentiating between Spanish and foreign companies.
6.2.2. ECONOMIC GROUPS
The economic groups (aggregates) presented in this publication are calculated

using the variables from the questionnaire, pursuant to Regulation no. 295/2008
on Structural Statistics, passed by the European Union Council on 11 March 2008.
24
PRODUCTION VALUE
Production value measures the cost of goods and services produced by the
enterprise during the fiscal year.
Production value is defined as turnover, plus or minus the inventory variation of
finished products, tasks in progress and goods and services purchased for resale,
minus the purchase of goods and services for resale, plus capitalised production
and other management income (excluding the subsidies).
GROSS ADDED VALUE AT MARKET PRICES
The added value at market prices is calculated based on the production value
minus operating expenses other than those destined for resale (consumption of
raw materials and other supplies, expenses on external services and other
management expenses).
GROSS ADDED VALUE AT FACTOR COST
The value added to factor costs is the gross income from operating activities after
adjusting for the effect of the operating subsidies and indirect taxes. This is
calculated using the gross added value at market prices, deducting all those taxes
linked to production and to the products, and adding the operating subsidies.
GROSS OPERATING SURPLUS
Gross operating surplus is the surplus generated by the operating activities after
compensating for the work factor. This may be calculated using the gross added
value at factor cost, minus personnel costs. This constitutes the disposable
balance for the unit which allows to compensate its suppliers of its own funds and
debt, pay taxes and occasionally finance all or part of its investment.
6.2.3. INDICATORS
With the object of facilitating the analysis of the particular characteristics of each
researched sector, and within these, show the differences or similarities existing
between the enterprises they are composed of, come indicators in the form of
ratios are compiled based on the aforementioned variables.
These indicators are presented in two groups: economic ratios and employment
ratios, they are offered for each activity sector and occupation stratum.
25
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- Productivity: is the quotient between added value at factor cost and the
average number of persons employed over the year. It is expressed in euros and
represents the contribution of each employed person (remunerated or not) to the
income generation of the enterprise; it is an indirect measurement of the relative
weight of the work factor in each activity.
- Average wages: the quotient between the salaries and wages paid to the
remunerated employed persons, and the average number of employees during
the year, expressed in euros. This facilitates the comparative analysis of the
average remuneration paid to the employees for each activity.
- Added value rate: is defined as the percentage that represents gross added
value at factor cost, with regard to production value, and shows income
generation capacity per product unit or service. Nearly all activities in the services
sector are characterised by high added value rates.
- Rates of personnel costs: proportion that personnel costs represent with
regard to added value. It may be considered a measurement of the participation
of remunerated employment in the distribution of the income generated in the
sector. Their complementary is the Gross Operating Surplus Rate.
EMPLOYMENT RATIOS
- Employee Rate: proportion of the number of employees over the total of

employed personnel, both at date 30 September.
- Employment stability rate: the proportion of the number of persons with
permanent contract on 30 September over the number of total remunerated
persons on this date. This is a measurement of the employment stability existing
in each sector. On being calculated at a specific date, this ratio may be swayed in
activities with a high seasonal component.
- Feminine participation rate: percentage of the number of women employed as
compared with the total number of employed persons, both at 30 September.
- Employment externality rate: proportion that represents the sum of the
personnel provided by temporary employment agencies and self-employed
persons dependent on the total employed personnel of the company itself. All the
variables included in the calculation refer to the average of the third quarter of
year.
26
7 Information collection
7.1 General Organisation

Information collection is carried annually through the Collection Units of the INE.
The INE encourages completion of the questionnaire online, though, in all cases,
the respondents have other response channels available to them (fax, post,
telephone). The collection units are in charge of the telephone service for solving
doubts the respondents may have and are also responsible for the recording and
filtering of questionnaires. Telephone contact is established with the enterprises
in those cases in which no response is obtained within the established term, or
when the response is considered to be insufficient or inconsistent.
The data collection process for reference year t is performed from the second
quarter of year t+1, with a duration of approximately five months.
For the control of the fieldwork, the different situations that can arise during the
information collection are taken into account. It shall be considered that the
enterprise has been surveyed if its main economic activity is included in the
population scope of the survey, the completed questionnaire has been obtained
and the data verify the established controls of completeness and consistency.
Moreover, a series of incidences may occur during the information collection
process, which do not allow obtaining the questionnaire. Its rigorous treatment is
of great importance as its analysis enables updating the survey framework and
having influence on the treatment of the information.
The incidences considered are as follows:
- Definitive delisting or closure: the enterprise has ceased all activity
definitively, this situation being justified with an official document proving this
situation.
- Temporarily closed or inactive: the enterprise is closed during the
information collection period and no respondent can be located, or, the
enterprise has no activity during the year.
- Erroneously included: the main economic activity of the enterprise is not
included within the scope of the survey.
- Outside the scope: Other characteristics of the unit, other than the main
economic activity, place it outside the scope of study of the survey.
- Duplicated: the enterprise appears in the directory more than once..

- Unreachable, Refusal and non-response. These situations, which are
minority, are treated specially by the Collection units by means of efficiency
criteria.
27
7.2 Measures to reduce the statistical burden of enterprises.
The INE, aware of the statistical burden of enterprises, tries to apply certain
measures on their surveys to reduce it as much as possible, and in all cases,
facilitate the completion of the information requested to respondents.
Specifically, the following measures are worth mentioning for this survey:
• From reference year 2012, UFAES (Use of Administrative Sources for
Economic Surveys) is implemented. Through UFAES, 23% of the sample
selected for economic structure surveys of trade and services is estimated
from administrative data. Therefore, the number of enterprises requested to
complete the questionnaires has been reduced in approximately 18,000 units.
This reduction of the sample for direct collection will be applied to the Annual
Services Survey every two years, and to the Annual Trade Survey in the
alternate years.
• Negative coordination methods are applied to the sample selection process,
that is, minimum possible overlap (covering the objectives of the survey)
between survey samples that coexist during the same time period.
• The use of different questionnaire models with different simplification levels
in accordance with the characteristics of each enterprise. In this way, small
enterprises complete a questionnaire with a fewer number of variables and
breakdowns.
• The questionnaires are encouraged to be completed online by means of
electronic questionnaires with questions, flows and validations adapted to the
respondent enterprise, which facilitates completion and allows improving the
quality of the data collected.
28
8 Data processing
The initial stage for processing the survey information coincides in time with the
collection of questionnaires during the entire duration thereof. The established
system focuses on three main aspects: continuous updating process; filtering,
integrated in the recording, of the questionnaire contents; and treatment of inter-
provincial management of the company unit, particularly, companies located in
more than one place. Its global objective is to establish sufficient quality levels
that will allow a significant simplification of the subsequent treatment of the
information.
The recording of questionnaires is carried out continuously by the collection units

establishing the necessary control to guarantee an appropriate quality level for the
whole process. This allows controlling, already in this phase, the errors that may
affect the data obtained from the respondent units.
Information coverage control performed on each one of the fortnightly files

recorded and filtered by the Collection Units is carried out in order to guarantee
completeness of the recorded data, detect duplicates and at the same time carry
out an initial assessment on the quality of the collected variables. Additionally a
new micro-filtering process is carried out, focused on detecting and filtering errors
and inconsistencies in the identification variables of each register, as well as
filtering and imputing content errors. Based on the characteristics of each type of
error, in certain cases automatic imputation procedures are carried out in.
Similarly, the systematic errors detected in the analysis and study carried out
previously on the recorded data are corrected.
Once the microfiltering phase has concluded, the elevation factors are calculated
in order to determine the estimates of the different variables. The last stage before
tabulation and dissemination of the results, is obtaining analysis tables to
eliminate the detected errors and inconsistencies by means of macrofiltering
techniques.
29
9 Dissemination of the information
The data that is disseminated annually intends to provide basic but also relevant
information on the main results of the survey, and this way satisfy the demand for
information of its different users.
Dissemination of the statistical results is divided into the following levels:
• According to 3 groups of activity (63 variables).
• According to 18 sectors of activity (63 variables).
• According to 75 sub-sectors of activity (23 variables).
Annex 2 includes details regarding groups, sectors and sub-sectors of activity and
their equivalence with CNAE-2009.
Data is provided at national level (in accordance with the three levels indicated) as
well as broken down by Autonomous Community (5 main variables in accordance
with groups of activity).
It is worth noting that the inter-annual variations taken from the results of this
survey, may be due, on occasions (to a greater or lesser extent), to changes in the
structure of the corresponding reference populations (for example, changes in
activity in specific enterprises, resulting in their assignment to an activity sector
other than that of the previous year, etc.), therefore, in some cases, the
aforementioned variations must be directly associated with a change (increase or
decrease), of the same magnitude, in the production activity of the group of
enterprises from a specific sector or subpopulation.
It is important to point out, lastly, that the dissemination of the survey is not
exclusively limited to the tables offered here or covered in the publication.
Safeguarding the restrictions derived from statistical secrecy or from the sample
nature of the survey, the existing IT procedures enable dealing with customised
requests for aggregate data, which may be provided in the medium or format
selected by the user.
30
Annex 1. CNAE-2009 activities included in the
survey scope
The target population of the Annual Trade Survey comprises those enterprises
whose main activity is described in section G of the National Classification of
Economic Activities (CNAE-2009), including the following divisions, groups and
classes:
45 Sale and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
This division comprises all those activities (except manufacture and rental
activities) relating to motor vehicles and motorcycles, including lorries and heavy
vehicles, such as the wholesale and retail of new and second hand vehicles, the
repair and maintenance of vehicles and the wholesale and retail of spare parts and
accessories of motor vehicles and motorcycles. It also includes those activities of
trade intermediaries in the wholesale and retail of vehicles, wholesale auctions of
automobiles and online wholesale activities.
This division also includes activities such as the washing and polishing of vehicles,
etc.
This division does not include the retail of fuels and lubricating or refrigerating
products for automobiles, or the rental of motor vehicles or motorcycles.
45.1 Sale of motor vehicles
45.11 Sale of automobiles and light motor vehicles
This class includes:
- the wholesale and retail trade of new and second hand vehicles:
• motor vehicles for passengers, including specialised vehicles
(ambulances, microbuses, etc.) (weighing no more than 3.5 tonnes)
This class also includes:
- the wholesale and retail trade of all-terrain motor vehicles (weighing no more
than 3.5 tonnes)
This class excludes:
- the wholesale and retail trade of spare parts and accessories for motor
vehicles (see 45.3)
- the rental of motor vehicles with drivers (see 49.3)

- the rental of motor vehicles without drivers (see 77.1)
45.19 Sale of other motor vehicles
- the wholesale and retail trade of new and second hand vehicles:
• lorries, trailers and semi-trailers
• camping vehicles, such as caravans and campers
31
- the wholesale and retail trade of all-terrain motor vehicles (weighing no more
than 3.5 tonnes)
- the wholesale and retail trade of spare parts and accessories for motor
vehicles (see 45.3)
- the rental of lorries with drivers (see 49.41)
- the rental of lorries without drivers (see 77.12)
45.2 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
45.20 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
- the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles:
• mechanical repairs
• electrical repairs
• the repair of electronic injection systems
• everyday maintenance
• the repair of car bodies
• the repair of motor vehicle accessories
• washing, polishing, etc.
• painting
• the repair of windshields and windows
• the repair of motor vehicle seats
- the repair, installation and substitution of tyres and tubes
- anti-rust treatment
- the installation of spare parts and accessories outside of the manufacturing
process
- tyre retubing (see 22.11)
45.3 Trade of motor vehicle spare parts and accessories

This group comprises the wholesale and retail trade of all types of spare parts,
components, supplies, tools and accessories for motor vehicles, such as:
• tyres and air tubes for covers
• spark plugs, batteries, lighting equipment and electrical pieces
45.31 Wholesale trade of spare parts and accessories for motor vehicles
45.32 Retail trade of spare parts and accessories for motor vehicles
32
- the retail trade of fuels for automobiles (see 47.30)
45.4 Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related spare parts and
accessories
45.40 Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related spare parts and
accessories
- the wholesale and retail trade of motorcycles, including mopeds
- the wholesale and retail trade of spare parts and accessories for motorcycles
(including trade by intermediaries and by post)
- the maintenance and repair of motorcycles
- the wholesale trade of bicycles and their spare parts and accessories (see
46.49)
- the retail trade of bicycles and their spare parts and accessories (see 47.64)
- the rental of motorcycles (see 77.39)
- the repair and maintenance of bicycles (see 95.29)
46 Wholesale trade and trade intermediaries, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles
This division includes the wholesale trade by ones own or by third parties (trade
intermediaries) related to domestic wholesale trade, as well as international
wholesale trade (imports/exports).
This division excludes:
- the wholesale trade of vehicles, caravans and motorcycles (see 45.1 and 45.4)
- the wholesale trade of accessories for motor vehicles (see 45.31 and 45.40)
- the rental of goods (see division 77)
- the packaging of solid merchandise and the bottling of liquid or gaseous

merchandise, including mixing and filtering by third parties (see 82.92)
46.1 Trade intermediaries
This group includes:
- the activities of intermediaries, freight channels and the remaining
wholesalers that trade via others
- the activities of those dedicated to contacting buyers and sellers, or that
undertake trade operations in the name of a mandator, even online
33
This group also covers:
- the activities of wholesale auction companies, even online wholesale auctions
46.11 Intermediaries involved in the trade of agrarian raw materials, live animals,
textile raw materials and semi-finished goods
- wholesale trade on one's own (see 46.2 to 46.9)
- retail trade by intermediaries not carried out in establishments (see 47.99)
46.12 Intermediaries involved in the trade of fuels, minerals, metals and industrial
chemical products
This class includes trade intermediaries in:
• fuels, minerals, metals and industrial chemical products, including
fertilisers
46.13 Intermediaries involved in the trade of timber and building materials
46.14 Intermediaries involved in the trade of machinery, industrial equipment,
ships and aircraft
This class includes trade intermediaries in:
• machinery, including office equipment and computers, industrial
equipment, ships and aircraft
the activities of intermediaries for motor vehicles (see 45.1)
-
- auctions of motor vehicles (see 45.1)
46.15 Intermediaries involved in the trade of furniture, household goods and
hardware
34
46.16 Intermediaries involved in the trade of textiles, clothing, furs, footwear and
leather goods
46.17 Intermediaries involved in the trade of food, beverages and tobacco
46.18 Specialised trade intermediaries involved in the sale of other specific
products
- the activities of insurance agents (see 66.22)
- the activities of real estate agents (see 68.31)
46.19 Intermediaries involved in the trade of different products
46.2 Wholesale of agrarian raw materials and live animals
46.21 Wholesale of grains, leaf tobacco, seeds and animal feed
- the wholesale trade of grains and seeds

- the wholesale trade of oleaginous fruits
- the wholesale trade of unprocessed tobacco
- the wholesale trade of animal feed and agrarian raw materials n.e.c.
- the wholesale trade of textile fibres (see 46.76)
35
46.22 Wholesale trade of flowers and plants
- the wholesale trade of flowers, plants and bulbs
46.23 Wholesale trade of live animals
46.24 Wholesale trade of hides, skins and leather
46.3 Wholesale trade of food products, beverages and tobacco
46.31 Wholesale trade of fruit and vegetables
- the wholesale trade of fresh fruit and vegetables
- the wholesale trade of fruit and vegetables in tins
46.32 Wholesale trade of meat and meat products
46.33 Wholesale trade of dairy products, eggs, and edible oils and fats
- the wholesale trade of dairy products
- the wholesale trade of eggs and egg-based products
- the wholesale trade of edible animal and vegetable-origin oils and fats
46.34 Wholesale trade of beverages
- the wholesale trade of alcoholic beverages
- the wholesale trade of non-alcoholic beverages
- the purchase and bottling, without transformation, of wine on tap
- the mixture of wine or distilled alcoholic beverages (see 11.01 and 11.02)
46.35 Wholesale trade of tobacco products

46.36 Wholesale trade of sugar, chocolate and confectionery
- the wholesale trade of sugar, chocolate and confectionery
- the wholesale trade of bread products
46.37 Wholesale trade of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices
36
46.38 Wholesale trade of other food, including fish, crustaceans and molluscs
- the wholesale trade of food products for pets
46.39 Non-specialized wholesale trade of food products, beverages and tobacco
46.4 Wholesale trade of household goods
This group includes the wholesale trade of items for domestic (household) use,
including textiles
46.41 Wholesale trade of textiles
- the wholesale trade of thread
- the wholesale trade of fabric
- the wholesale trade of white clothing, etc.
- the wholesale trade of haberdashery items: needles, sewing thread, etc.
- the wholesale trade of textile fibres (see 46.76)
46.42 Wholesale trade of clothing and footwear
- the wholesale trade of clothing, including sports clothing
- the wholesale trade of clothing accessories, such as gloves, ties and braces
- the wholesale trade of footwear
- the wholesale trade of fur items
- the wholesale trade of umbrellas
- the wholesale trade of jewellery (see 46.48)
- the wholesale trade of leather items (see 46.49)

- the wholesale trade of special sports footwear, such as ski boots (see 46.49)
46.43 Wholesale trade of electrical household appliances
- the wholesale trade of electrical household appliances
- the wholesale trade of radio and television devices
- the wholesale trade of photographic and optical products
37
- the wholesale trade of electrical heating devices
- the wholesale trade of recorded audio and video tapes, CDs and DVDs
- the wholesale trade of virgin audio and video tapes, CDs and DVDs (see 46.52)
- the wholesale trade of sewing machines (see 46.64)
46.44 Wholesale trade of china, glassware and cleaning items
- the wholesale trade of china and glassware
- the wholesale trade of cleaning items
46.45 Wholesale trade of drugstore and cosmetic products
- the wholesale trade of drugstore, beauty products and soaps
46.46 Wholesale trade of pharmaceutical products
- the wholesale trade of pharmaceutical products and medical items
46.47 Wholesale trade of furniture, rugs and lighting appliances
- the wholesale trade of furniture
- the wholesale trade of rugs
- the wholesale trade of lighting appliances
- the wholesale trade of office furniture (see 46.65)
46.48 Wholesale trade of clocks and jewellery
46.49 Wholesale trade of other household goods

- the wholesale trade of wooden items, wickerwork, cork, etc.
- the wholesale trade of bicycles and bicycle spare parts and accessories
- the wholesale trade of desk material (stationery), books, magazines and
newspapers
- the wholesale trade of leather items and travel accessories
- the wholesale trade of musical instruments
38
- the wholesale trade of games and toys
- the wholesale trade of sporting goods, including special sporting footwear,
such as ski boots
46.5 Wholesale trade of equipment for information and communications
technologies
This group includes the wholesale trade of equipment related to information and
communications technologies (ICT), that is, computers, equipment and
components for telecommunications.
46.51 Wholesale trade of computers, computer peripheral equipment and
software
- the wholesale trade of computers and peripherals
- the wholesale trade of computer programmes (software)
- the wholesale trade of electronic components (see 46.52)
- the wholesale trade of office machines and equipment (except computers and
peripherals) (see 46.66)
46.52 Wholesale trade of electronic and telecommunications equipment and
components
- the wholesale trade of electronic valves and tubes
- the wholesale trade of semiconductors
- the wholesale trade of microchips and integrated circuits
- the wholesale trade of printed circuits
- the wholesale trade of virgin audio and video tapes, magnetic discs and optical
disks (CD, DVD)
- the wholesale trade of telephone and communications equipment

- the wholesale trade of recorded audio and video tapes, CDs and DVDs (see
46.43)
- the wholesale trade of computers and peripherals (see 46.51)
46.6 Wholesale trade of other machinery, equipment and supplies
This group includes the wholesale trade of machinery and specialised equipment
for all types of industry, and general-use machinery.
39
46.61 Wholesale trade of agricultural machinery, equipment and supplies
- the wholesale trade of agrarian machinery and equipment
• ploughs, manure spreaders, seeders
• harvesters
• threshers
• milking machines
• machines and devices for poultry farming and apiculture
• tractors used in agriculture and in forestry
- the wholesale trade of lawnmowers of all types
46.62 Wholesale trade of machine-tools
- the wholesale trade of machine-tools of all types and for any material
- the wholesale trade of computer-controlled machine-tools
46.63 Wholesale trade of machinery for mining, construction and civil engineering
46.64 Wholesale trade of machinery for the textile industry and of sewing and
knitting machines
- the wholesale trade of computer-controlled machinery for the textile and
sewing and knitting machine industry
46.65 Wholesale trade of office furniture
- the wholesale trade services relating to:
• goods whose manufacture is classified in class 31.01 (Manufacture of
office and trade establishment furniture)
46.66 Wholesale trade of other office machinery and equipment

- the wholesale trade of office machines and equipment (except computers and
peripherals)
- the wholesale trade of computers and peripherals (see 46.51)
40
- the wholesale trade of electronic components, telephones and other
communication equipment (see 46.52)
46.69 Wholesale trade of other machinery and equipment
- the wholesale trade of transport equipment, excluding motor vehicles,
motorcycles and bicycles
- the wholesale trade of continuous-flow production robots
- the wholesale trade of cables, switches and other installation equipment for
industrial use
- the wholesale trade of other electrical material, such as electrical motors and
transformers
- the wholesale trade of other machinery n.e.c. for industry (except the mining,
construction, civil engineering and textile industries), trade and navigation and
other services
- the wholesale trade of measuring instruments and equipment
- the wholesale trade of vehicles, trailers and caravans (see 45.1)
- the wholesale trade of parts for motor vehicles (see 45.31)
- the wholesale trade of motorcycles (see 45.40)
- the wholesale trade of bicycles (see 46.49)
46.7 Other specialised wholesale trade
This group includes other specialised wholesale trade activities not included in
other groups in this division. This includes the wholesale trade of intermediate
products, except agrarian products, that are not usually for household use
46.71 Wholesale trade of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and similar products
- the wholesale trade of fuels, fats, lubricants and oils, such as:
• coal, soft coal, coke, firewood for heating, naphta
• crude oil, gasoil, fueloil, petrol, gasoil for heating, kerosene
• liquefied petroleum gases, butane and propane gas
• lubricating oils and fats, petroleum refinery products
46.72 Wholesale trade of metals and metal ores
41
- the wholesale trade of ferrous and non-ferrous metal ores
- the wholesale trade of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in primary form
- the wholesale trade of semi-finished ferrous and non-ferrous metal products
n.e.c.
- the wholesale trade of gold and other precious metals
- the wholesale trade of scrap metal (see 46.77)
46.73 Wholesale trade of wood, construction materials and sanitation equipment
- the wholesale trade of unprocessed wood
- the wholesale trade of products from the first transformation of wood
- the wholesale trade of paints and varnishes
- the wholesale trade of construction materials:
• sand, gravel
- the wholesale trade of wallpaper and floor coverings
- the wholesale trade of plate glass
- the wholesale trade of sanitation articles:
• bathtubs, sinks, toilets and other sanitation articles
- the wholesale trade of prefabricated buildings
46.74 Wholesale trade of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and
supplies
- the wholesale trade of hardware and locks
- the wholesale trade of fixed installation elements in buildings and their
accessories
- the wholesale trade of water heaters

- the wholesale trade of equipment for installing sanitation items:
• tubes, pipelines, accessories, faucets, gaskets, connections, cork
pipelines, etc.
- the wholesale trade of tools such as hammers, saws, screwdrivers and other
manual tools
46.75 Wholesale trade of chemical products
42
- the wholesale trade of industrial chemical products:
• aniline, printing ink, essential oils, industrial gases, synthetic glues,
colouring, synthetic resin, methanol, paraffin, flavouring and flavour
enhancers, soda, industrial salt, acids and sulphurs, starch derivatives, etc.
- the wholesale trade of fertilisers and agro-chemical products
46.76 Wholesale trade of other semi-finished products
- the wholesale trade of plastic materials in primary forms
- the wholesale trade of cork
- the wholesale trade of textile fibres, etc.
- the wholesale trade of unprocessed paper
- the wholesale trade of precious gemstones
46.77 Wholesale trade of scrap and waste products
- the wholesale trade of metallic and non-metallic waste and scrap, as well as
materials for recycling, including the collection, classification, separation,
breakdown of used goods, such as automobiles, for the purpose of obtaining
reusable parts, (re-) packaging, storage and distribution, but without a true
transformation process. Moreover, the waste purchased and sold continues to
have value.
- the breakdown of automobiles, computers, televisions and other equipment
for obtaining and reselling pieces that might be reused
- the collection of household and industrial waste (see 38.1)
- the processing of waste for its elimination, and not for its subsequent use in
an industrial manufacturing process (see 38.2)

- the processing of waste, scrap and other items for obtaining a secondary raw
material when a true transformation process is necessary (the resulting secondary
raw material is apt for direct use in an industrial manufacturing process, but does
not constitute a final product) (see 38.3)
- the breakdown of automobiles, computers, televisions and other equipment
for recovering materials (see 38.31)
- naval breakdown (see 38.31)
43
- the pulverisation of automobiles using a mechanical process (see 38.32)
- the retail trade of secondhand goods (see 47.79)
46.9 Non-specialised wholesale trade
46.90 Non-specialised wholesale trade
- the wholesale trade of different goods without a particular specialisation
47 Retail trade, except motor vehicles and motorcycles
This division includes the resale (sale without transformation) of new and used
goods, mainly to the general public for personal or domestic consumption or use,
in stores, department stores, stands, mail-order companies, home delivery
salespersons, travelling salespersons, company stores, etc.
This division also includes the retail sale made by intermediaries and the activities
of retail auction companies.
This division excludes:
- the sale of agrarian products by the person responsible for the operation (see
division 01)
- The manufacture and sale of merchandise, which is classified, in general, as
manufacture in divisions 10-32
- the sale of motor vehicles, motorcycles and their spare parts (see division 45)
- the trade of grains, minerals, crude oil, industrial chemical products, iron and
steel, and industrial machinery and equipment (see division 46)
- the sale of food and beverages for consumption in the locale itself, and the
sale of takeaway food (see division 56)
- the rental of personal and household items to the public in general (see 77.2)
47.1 Retail trade in non-specialised establishments
This group includes the retail trade of different lines of products in the same unit
(non-specialised establishments), such as supermarkets and department stores.
47.11 Retail trade in non-specialised establishments, with food, beverages and

tobacco predominating
- the retail trade of a large variety of items with the predominance, however, of
food, beverages or tobacco products:
• the activities of the department stores that, aside from selling mainly
food, beverages and tobacco, offer other merchandise, such as clothing,
furniture, household appliances, hardware items, cosmetics, etc.
44
47.19 Other retail trade in non-specialised establishments
- the retail trade of a large variety of products, among which food, beverages or
tobacco products do not predominate
- the activities of the department stores that offer merchandise in general,
among which clothing, furniture, household appliances, hardware items,
cosmetics, jewellery, toys, sporting goods, etc., are included
47.2 Retail trade of food, beverages and tobacco in specialised establishments
47.21 Retail trade of fruit and vegetables in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of fresh fruit and vegetables
- the retail trade of prepared and preserved fruit and vegetables
47.22 Retail trade of meat and meat products in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of meat and meat products (including poultry)
47.23 Retail trade of fish and seafood in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of fish, other seafood and derivatives
47.24 Retail trade of bread, cakes, flour confectionery and sugar confectionery in
specialised establishments
47.25 Retail trade of beverages in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of beverages (for consumption outside of the locale):
• alcoholic beverages
• non-alcoholic beverages
47.26 Retail trade of tobacco products in specialised establishments

- the retail trade of tobacco
- the retail trade of tobacco products
47.29 Other retail trade of food products in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of dairy products and eggs
45
- the retail trade of other food products n.e.c.
47.3 Retail trade of fuel for automotion in specialised establishments
47.30 Retail trade of fuel for automotion in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of fuel for motor vehicles and motorcycles
- the retail trade of lubricants and refrigerants for motor vehicles
- the wholesale trade of fuel (see 46.71)
- the retail trade of liquefied petroleum gases for cooking or heating (see 47.78)
47.4 Retail trade of information and communications technologies equipment in
This group includes the retail trade of equipment related to information and
communications technologies (ICT), such as computers, peripherals,
telecommunications equipment and consumer electronic products, in specialised
establishments.
47.41 Retail trade of computers, peripherals and computer programmes in
- the retail trade of computers
- the retail trade of peripherals
- the retail trade of videogame consoles
- the retail trade of computer programmes not manufactured according to
specifications, including videogames
- the retail trade of virgin tapes and disks (see 47.63)
47.42 Retail trade of telecommunications equipment in specialised

establishments
47.43 Retail trade of audio and video equipment in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of radio and television appliances
- the retail trade of audio and video equipment
- the retail trade of CD, DVD, etc. players and recorders
46
47.5 Retail trade of other household use items in specialised establishments
This group includes the retail trade of household items, such as textiles, hardware,
rugs, electrical appliances or furniture in specialised establishments.
47.51 Retail trade of textiles in specialized establishments
- the retail trade of fabrics
- the retail trade of wool for knits
- the retail trade of basic material for the manufacture of rugs, tapestries or
embroidery
- the retail trade of textiles
- the retail trade of haberdashery articles: needles, sewing thread, etc.
- the retail trade of clothing (see 47.71)
47.52 Retail trade of hardware goods, paint and glass in specialised
establishments
- the retail trade of hardware
- the retail trade of paints, varnishes and enamels
- the retail trade of plate glass
- the retail trade of other construction materials, such as bricks, wood and
sanitation articles
- the retail trade of do-it-yourself material and equipment
- the retail trade of any type of lawnmower
- the retail trade of saunas
47.53 Retail trade of rugs, carpets and wall and floor coverings in specialised
establishments
- the retail trade of rugs and carpets
- the retail trade of curtains and shades
- the retail trade of wallpaper and floor coverings
47
- the retail trade of cork floors (see 47.52)
47.54 Retail trade of household appliances in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of audio and video equipment (see 47.43)
47.59 Retail trade of furniture, lighting apparatus and other household use items
in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of furniture for household use
- the retail trade of lighting articles
- the retail trade of different household utensils and silverware, dishes,
glassware, porcelain and crockery
- the retail trade of wooden, cork and basketry articles
- the retail trade of non-electrical household appliances
- the retail trade of musical instruments and scores or sheet music
- the retail trade of electrical security alarm systems, such as locking devices,
safes, reinforced chambers, without installation or maintenance
- the retail trade of items and equipment for household use n.e.c.
- the retail trade of antiques (see 47.79)
47.6 Retail trade of cultural and recreational items in specialised establishments
This group includes the retail trade, in specialised establishments, of cultural and
recreational items, such as books, newspapers, musical and video recordings,
sporting goods, games and toys.
47.61 Retail trade of books in specialised establishments
the retail trade of all types of books
-
- the retail trade of antique or second hand books (see 47.79)
47.62 Retail trade of newspapers and stationery in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of office material, such as pens, pencils, paper, etc.
47.63 Retail trade of music and video recordings in specialised establishments
48
- the retail trade of discs, tapes, compact discs and music cassettes
- the retail trade of videotapes and DVDs
- the retail trade of virgin tapes and discs
47.64 Retail trade of sporting goods in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of sporting goods, fishing articles, camping articles, boats and
bicycles
47.65 Retail trade of games and toys in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of games and toys made of any material
- the retail trade of videogame consoles (see 47.41)
- the retail trade of computer programmes not manufactured according to
specifications, including videogames (see 47.41)
47.7 Retail trade of other articles in specialised establishments
This group includes the retail trade, in specialised establishments, of a certain
group of products not included in other parts of the classification, such as clothing,
footwear and leather items, pharmaceutical products and medical items, watches,
souvenirs, cleaning items, weapons, flowers, pets and others. This also includes
the retail sale of second-hand goods in specialised establishments
47.71 Retail trade of clothing in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of clothing
- the retail trade of fur articles
- the retail trade of clothing accessories, such as gloves, ties, braces, etc.
- the retail trade of textiles (see 47.51)
47.72 Retail trade of footwear and leather items in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of footwear
49
- the retail trade of leather items
- the retail trade of travel items made of leather or imitation leather
- the retail trade of special sports footwear, such as ski boots (see 47.64)
47.73 Retail trade of pharmaceutical products in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of pharmaceutical products
47.74 Retail trade of medical and orthopaedic articles in specialised
establishments
47.75 Retail trade of cosmetic and hygiene products in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of drugstore, cosmetic and hygiene products
47.76 Retail trade of flowers, plants, seeds, fertilisers, pets and food for them in
47.77 Retail trade of clock and watch items and jewellery in specialised
establishments
47.78 Other retail trade of new items in specialised establishments
- the retail trade of photographic, optical and precision material
- the activities of opticians
- the retail trade of souvenirs, craftwork and religious items
- the activities of commercial art galleries
- the retail trade of liquid fuels, liquid gas bottles, coal and firewood for
household use
- the retail trade of weapons and ammunition
- the retail trade of stamps and coins

- services for the retail trade of art galleries
- the retail trade of non-food products n.e.c.
47.79 Retail trade of second-hand items in establishments
- the retail trade of second-hand books
- the retail trade of other second-hand items
50
- the retail trade of antiques
- the activities of (retail) auction houses
- the retail trade of second-hand motor vehicles (see 45.1)
- the activities of online auctions and other auctions not carried out in (retail)
establishments (see 47.91 and 47.99)
- the activities of pawn shops (see 64.92)
47.8 Retail trade in stalls and in markets
This groups includes the retail trade of any type of new or second-hand products
in travelling stands located either on the street or in markets created for that
purpose
47.81 Retail trade of food, beverages and tobacco products in stalls and in
markets
- the retail trade of food apt for immediate consumption (travelling food
salespersons) (see 56.10)
47.82 Retail trade of textile products, clothing and footwear in stalls and in
markets
47.89 Retail trade of other products in stalls and in markets
- the retail trade of other types of goods in stalls and in markets, such as:
• rugs and carpets
• books
• games and toys
• household devices and consumer electronics
• music and video recorders
47.9 Retail trade not carried out in establishments, nor in stands or markets
This group includes the retail trade activities carried out by mail order, online, with
home delivery, with vending machines, etc.
47.91 Retail trade by mail order or online
This class includes the retail trade activities by mail order or online, that is, the
retail trade in which the buyer chooses the products from advertising
commercials, information catalogues provided on a website, samples or any other
type of offer, and carries out her/his order by post, telephone or online (usually
done by the special means provided by a website). The products purchased may
be downloaded directly from the Internet or delivered physically to the customer.
51
- the retail trade of any type of product by post
- the retail trade of any type of product online
- direct sales via television, radio or telephone
- (retail) auctions online
- retail sales of motor vehicles and their spare parts and accessories online (see
groups 45.1 and 45.3)
- the retail sales of motorcycles and their spare parts and accessories online
(see 45.40)
47.99 Other retail trade not carried out in establishments, nor in stands nor
markets
- the retail trade of any type of product that is carried out in a way that is not
included in any of the previous classes:
• by direct sale or travelling salespersons (home delivery)
• by vending machine, etc.
- direct sale of fuel (fuel for heating, firewood, etc.) delivered to the client's
installations
- the activities of the auctions not carried out in establishments (retail, except
online)
- the retail trade, by intermediaries, not carried out in establishments
52
Annex 2. Groups, economic activity sectors
and sub-sectors and their equivalence with
CNAE-2009
GROUPING SECTOR CNAE-2009 SUB-SECTOR CNAE-2009

(Groups) (classes)
45 Sale and Sale of motor vehicles 451 Sale of motor vehicles 4511, 4519
repair of motor Maintenance and repair 452 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles 4520
vehicles and of motor vehicles
motorcycles
Sale of motor vehicle 453 Sale of motor vehicle spare parts and 4531,4532
spare parts and accessories
accessories
Sale, maintenance and 454 Sale, maintenance and repair of 4540
repair of motorcycles motorcycles and related spare parts and
and related spare parts accessories
and accessories
46 Wholesale Trade intermediaries 461 Intermediaries involved in the trade of 4611
trade of trade agricultural raw materials, live animals,
intermediaries, textile raw materials and semi-finished
except of motor goods
vehicles and Intermediaries involved in the trade of 4612
motorcycles fuels, ores, metals and industrial chemical
products
Intermediaries involved in the trade of 4613
timber and building materials
machinery, industrial equipment, ships
and aircraft
furniture, household goods and hardware
textiles, clothing, furs, footwear and
leather goods
food, beverages and tobacco
Specialised intermediaries involved in the 4618
sale of other specific products
Intermediaries involved in the trade of a 4619
variety of goods
Wholesale of 462 Wholesale trade of grain, raw tobacco, 4621
agricultural raw seeds and animal feeds
materials and live Wholesale of flowers and plants 4622
animals
Wholesale trade of live animals 4623
Wholesale of hides, skins and leather 4624
Wholesale of food, 463 Wholesale of fruit and vegetables 4631
beverages and tobacco Wholesale of meat and meat products 4632
Wholesale trade of dairy products, eggs, 4633

and edible oils and fats
Wholesale of beverages 4634
Wholesale of tobacco products 4635
Wholesale of sugar, chocolate and 4636
confectionery
Wholesale of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices 4637
Wholesale of other food, including fish, 4638
crustaceans and molluscs
Non-specialized wholesale trade of food, 4639
beverages and tobacco
53
(Groups) (classes)
46 Wholesale Wholesale of household 464 Wholesale of textiles 4641
trade and trade goods Wholesale of clothing and footwear 4642
intermediaries,
Wholesale of electrical household 4643
except of motor
appliances
vehicles and
motorcycles Wholesale trade of china, glassware and 4644
cleaning articles
Wholesale trade of toiletries and cosmetics 4645
Wholesale of pharmaceutical products 4646
Wholesale trade of furniture, rugs, lighting 4647,4648,
appliances, clocks, jewellery and other 4649
articles for domestic use
Wholesale of 465 Wholesale trade of computers, computer 4651

equipment for peripheral equipment and software
information and Wholesale of other electronic and 4652
communications telecommunications parts and
technologies components
Wholesale of other 466 Wholesale trade of agricultural machinery, 4661
machinery, equipment equipment and supplies
and supplies Wholesale of machine-tools 4662
Wholesale trade of machinery for mining, 4663
construction and civil engineering
Wholesale of machinery for the textile 4664
industry and of sewing and knitting
machines
Wholesale trade of furniture other office 4665,4666
machinery and equipment
Wholesale trade of other machinery and 4669
equipment
Other specialised 467 Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous 4671
wholesale trade fuels and similar products
Wholesale of metals and metal ores 4672
Wholesale of wood, construction materials 4673
and sanitary equipment
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and 4674
heating equipment and supplies
Wholesale of chemical products 4675
Wholesale of other intermediate products 4676
Wholesale of waste and scrap 4677
Non-specialised 469 Non-specialised wholesale trade 4690

wholesale trade
47 Retail Retail in non-specialised 471 Retail trade, in non-specialized stores, with 4711
trade, except establishments food, beverages and tobacco
motor vehicles predominating
and Other retail trade in non-specialised 4719
motorcycles establishments
Retail trade in food, 472 Retail trade of fruits and vegetables in 4721
beverages and tobacco specialised establishments
in specialised Retail trade of meat and meat products in 4722
establishments specialised establishments
Retail trade of fish and shellfish in 4723
54
(Groups) (classes)
Retail trade of bread, cakes, flour 4724
confectionery and sugar confectionery in
Retail trade of beverages in specialised 4725
establishments
Retail trade of tobacco products in 4726
Other retail trade of food products in 4729
Retail trade of fuel for 473 Retail trade of fuel for automotion in 4730
automotion in specialised establishments
specialised
establishments
Retail trade of IT 474,475,476, Retail trade of telecommunication 4741,4742,
equipment, cultural and 477 equipment, sport articles, flowers, 4764,4765,
recreational articles and clocks,... in specialized establishments
4776,4777,
other articles for
domestic use in 4778
specialised Retail trade of audio and video equipment, 4743,4754,
establishments household appliances and music and 4763
video recording in specialised
establishments
Retail trade of textiles in specialised 4751
establishments
Retail trade of hardware goods, paint and 4752
glass in specialised establishments
Retail trade of rugs and furniture in 4753,4759
Retail trade of books in specialised 4761
establishments
Retail trade of newspapers and stationery 4762
in specialised establishments
Retail trade of clothing in specialised 4771
establishments
Other retail trade in footwear and leather 4772
goods in specialised establishments
Retail trade of pharmaceutical products in 4773
Retail trade of medical and orthopaedic 4774
articles in specialised establishments
Retail trade of cosmetic and hygiene 4775
products in specialised establishments
Retail trade of second hand goods in 4779
specialised
Retail sale via stands 478 Retail sale via stalls and markets 478
and markets
Retail trade not carried 479 Mail order or online retail trade 4791
out in establishments or Other retail trade not carried out in 4799
stands or markets establishments or in stands or markets
55
Annex 3. Sub-sectors and stratification by
size of the enterprise, according to the
number of employees
The business population existing in the CBR has been stratified by

Autonomous Community, by economic activity and number of employees in
accordance with the following sections:
• 00 Without employees
• 11 1 and 2 employees
• 16 50 or more employees
An optimum allocation is established, researching the last bracket
exhaustively and carrying out a systematic selection in the remaining brackets.
The following table details stratification by size of the enterprise used in each
sub-sector.
SUB-SECTOR Stratification by size of Exhaustiveness

the enterprise Criteria
4511, 4519 Sale of motor vehicles 00, 11, (12+13), 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4520 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles 00, 11, (12+13), 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4531, 4532 Trade of motor vehicle spare parts and 00, 11, (12+13), 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
accessories employees
4540 Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and 00, 11, (12+13), 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
related spare parts and accessories employees
4611 Intermediaries involved in the trade of agrarian raw 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
materials, live animals, textile raw materials and semi- employees
finished goods
4612 Intermediaries involved in the trade of fuels, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
minerals, metals and industrial chemical products employees
4613 Intermediaries involved in the trade of timber and 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
building materials employees
4614 Intermediaries involved in the trade of machinery, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
industrial equipment, ships and aircraft employees
4615 Intermediaries involved in the trade of furniture, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
household goods and hardware employees
4616 Intermediaries involved in the trade of textiles, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
clothing, furs, footwear and leather goods employees
4617 Intermediaries involved in the trade of food, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
beverages and tobacco employees
4618 Specialised trade intermediaries involved in the sale 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
of other specific products employees
4619 Intermediaries involved in the sale of a variety of 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
goods employees
4621 Wholesale of grains, raw tobacco, seeds and animal (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
feed employees
4622 Wholesale trade of flowers and plants (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4623 Wholesale trade of live animals (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4624 Wholesale trade of hides, skins and leather (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
56
4631 Wholesale trade of fruit and vegetables (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4632 Wholesale trade of meat and meat products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4633 Wholesale trade of dairy products, eggs, and edible (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
oils and fats employees
4634 Wholesale trade of beverages (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4635 Wholesale trade of tobacco products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4636 Wholesale trade of sugar, chocolate and (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
confectionery employees
4637 Wholesale trade of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4638 Wholesale trade of other food, including fish, (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
crustaceans and molluscs employees
4639 Non-specialized wholesale trade of food products, (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
beverages and tobacco employees
4641 Wholesale trade of textiles (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4642 Wholesale trade of clothing and footwear (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4643 Wholesale trade of electrical household appliances (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4644 Wholesale trade of china, glassware and cleaning items (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4645 Wholesale trade of toiletries and cosmetic products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4646 Wholesale trade of pharmaceutical products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4647,4648,4649 Wholesale trade of furniture, rugs, lighting (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
appliances, clocks, jewellery and other articles for domestic employees
use
4651 Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
equipment and software employees
4652 Wholesale trade of electronic and telecommunications (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
equipment and components employees
4661 Wholesale trade of agricultural machinery, equipment (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
and supplies employees
4662 Wholesale trade of machine-tools (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4663 Wholesale trade of machinery for mining, construction (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
and civil engineering employees
4664 Wholesale trade of machinery for the textile industry and (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
of sewing and knitting machines employees
4665,4666 Wholesale trade of furniture, other office machinery (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
and equipment employees
4669 Other wholesale (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4671 Wholesale trade of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
similar products employees
4672 Wholesale trade of metals and metal ores (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4673 Wholesale trade of wood, construction materials and (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
sanitation equipment employees
4674 Wholesale trade of hardware, plumbing and heating (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
equipment and supplies employees
4675 Wholesale trade of chemical products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4676 Wholesale trade of other semi-finished products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
57
4677 Wholesale trade of scrap and waste products (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4690 Other wholesale (00+11), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16+ 50 or more
employees
4711 Retail trade in non-specialized establishments, with food, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
beverages and tobacco predominating employees
4719 Other retail trade in non-specialised establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4721 Retail trade of fruit and vegetables in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
establishments employees
4722 Retail trade of meat and meat products in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4723 Retail trade of fish and seafood in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4724 Retail trade of bread, cakes, flour confectionery and 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
sugar confectionery in specialised establishments employees
4725 Retail trade of beverages in specialised establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4726 Retail trade of tobacco products in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4729 Other retail trade of food products in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4730 Retail trade of fuel for automotion in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4741,4742,4764,4765,4776,4777,4778 Retail trade of 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
telecommunication equipment, sport articles, games, flowers, employees
clocks,... in specialised establishments
4743,4754,4763 Retail trade of audio and video equipment, 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
household appliances and music and video recording in employees
4751 Retail trade of textiles in specialized establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4752 Retail trade of hardware goods, paint and glass in 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
specialised establishments employees
4753,4759 Retail trade of rugs and furniture in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4761 Retail trade of books in specialised establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4762 Retail trade of newspapers and stationery in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4771 Retail trade of clothing in specialised establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4772 Retail trade of footwear and leather items in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4773 Retail trade of pharmaceutical products in specialised 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4774 Retail trade of medical and orthopaedic articles in 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more

4775 Retail trade of cosmetic and hygiene products in 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
4779 Retail trade of second-hand items in establishments 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
478 Retail trade in stands and in markets 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4791 Retail trade by mail order or online 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
employees
4799 Other retail trade not carried out in establishments, nor 00, 11, (12+13), (14+15), 16+ 50 or more
in stands nor markets employees
58

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Annual Trade

Last update: December 2015

4.1 Population scope 26

4.2 Territorial or geographical scope 37

4.3 Time scope 37

5 Design and sample 31

5.1 Population framework 31

5.2 Type of sampling. Stratification 32

5.3 Sample size. Allocation 31

5.4 Sample selection 32

5.6 Sampling errors 32

6 Variables and definitions 33

6.1 Classification variables 33

6.2 Target variables studied 34

6.2.1 Variables requested in the questionnaire 7

6.2.2 Economic groups 8

7.1 General Organisation 35

7.2 Measures to reduce the statistical burden of enterprises 37

9 Dissemination of the information 39

Annex 1. CNAE-2009 activities included in the survey

Annex 2. Groups, economic activity sectors and sub-

Annex 3. Sub-sectors and stratification by size of the

INE National Statistics Institute

The Annual Trade Survey is included in the structural-survey category in

INE National Statistics Institute

INE National Statistics Institute

INE National Statistics Institute

4.1 Population scope

4.2 Territorial or geographical scope

4.3 Time scope

INE National Statistics Institute

5.1 Population framework

5.2 Type of sampling. Stratification

5.4 Sample selection

N̂ h∗ is the estimated number of enterprises from the framework in stratum h that

to for the ones that change (from h to any other)

is a variable that takes the value 1 if the firm i belongs to my domain 0

Distinction is made between the following types of variables:

6.1 Classification variables

The economic activity carried out by an enterprise is defined as the creation of

Initially each enterprise is assigned to a main economic activity in the Central

Employed personnel (employees) are considered to be the set of persons who

Not included as employed persons are the following:

The last classification variable used is the Autonomous Community, which is

obtained from the geographical location of the corporate address. This

6.2.1 VARIABLES REQUESTED IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE

The fundamental feature of this survey is the study of economic variables. To

A premises corresponds to an enterprise or to a part of an enterprise(workshop,

Purchases are divided into:

This section asks for a breakdown as a percentage of the origin of purchases,

Expenditure by the enterprise incurred for services of a varied nature received

- Supplies. Value of the expenses made by the company in acquiring non-

According to geographical origin, this is broken down as a percentage

Staff expenses are considered to be all those payments to the personnel,

the services rendered by the employees.

(commercial operations). This includes the losses of irrecoverable commercial

C709. “Rebates" on sales

This section applies a breakdown, as a percentage, of the destination of the