(Pages:3)

FIFTII SEMESTER B.AJB.So. DEGREE

(CUCBCSS-UG}.

Physics/Applied Physics

PIIY 5B O8/APY 5B Og_PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MODEBN OPTICS

Time: Three Hours Maximum:80 Marks

Tlw symbals us.ed in tlw question paryr lwue tlrcir usual mcanirqs,
Section A
Answer in a word or a ph.rase.
At;swer all qucstions.
Each questipn carrics L mark.

1. Ttre deterrninant of translation matrix is

2. The light,gathering power in an optical fibre is given by .--..---.

3. In Newton's rings central spot is
-.
4. Several images can be recorded in a
5. The optical path traversed by light wave when reflected from the lower surface of a thin
film with increase of refractive index of the film
-.
TVrite True or False

difuactionpattetntheprineipal maximum becomes shanper as I\r decreases-

6. Irr N slit trbaunhofer
-
7, Ttre diffraction pattern due to circrllar aperture for a plaue wave are coneentric cireular
"inff.
B. Both Ordina-ry ray and Extra ordinary rays are plane polarized.
9. Larger the grating element larger will be the angular dispersion.
10. A hologram records both intensity and phase of light wave.
(10x1=10marks)
Section B
Answer'all,questions in two ot three sentenees.
Each quzstibn carrics 2 marhs.

11. State Fermats principle of stationary time. Explain with respect to'etliptical refleetor.

12. To get more directionahl,y for sound wa\res how will you select the diameter of the loud speaher ?

Tur"n eiver
 2 D70385
13. For the normal incidence of a parallel light beam on a thin film of refractjve index n, state the
condition for destruetive,and constructive interference. Explain.
L4. Explain colour of thin films.
15. State and explain the principle of superposition
syvryvDrqv[ vr light
of u6uu waves.
wevgD.

16. Describe any one application of Holography.

17. Interference colours are not observed in thick plates or glass slabs. Why ?

(7x2=14marks)
Section C

Answer any frve questions in paragraph of abouto half a page to one page.
Earh question carrics 4 marks.
18. Derive the condition for image plane with respect to a refracting surface.
19. Discuss on the resolving power of a microscope. Why oil imrnersion objectives are preferred in
microscopes ?

20. Explain the constrirction of Fresnel's half period zones on a plane wave front. Find the area of
each zone.
21. Describe Michelson interferometer with neat diagram and explain how it can be used to measure
wavelength of light.
22. Discuss the application of the thin film interference phenomenon in reducing the reflectivity of
lens surfaces.

23, Represent the effect of translation of a ray through a distance D in a homogenous uredium of
refractive index p by the translation rnatrix.

24. Give the theory of HolographV

(5x4=2Omarks)
Section D
Answer any foar questions.
Each question carries 4 marhs.

25. Find the system matrix for a thin lens placed in air and made of refractive index 1 .6 and radii of
curvature 40cm each.
26. In a biprisru experiment, interference foinges are observed at a distance of 1 m away from it. The
refractive index of the material of the fuiprism is 1.5. If the distance between the source and the
biprism is 10cm, calculate the fringe width when wave length of light used is 5000A'. Given that
the biprism has refracting angle 10.
 3 D 70835
27. Newton's rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 6 x 10-7m. The diameter of the 10ft
dark ring is 0.3cm. Find the thickness of the air film and the radius curvature of the lens.
If the diameterof the pupil of the eye is 2mm, find the minimum separation between two points to
be resolved by eye. Given that the distance ofthe points from the eye is 30m and the points are red
in colour with wavelength 6 x 10-7m.

29. Azoneplate has radiirr, = 0. 001 Jim for L = 4.5 x 10-7m, find the positions of foci.

30. Calculate the thickness of double refracting plate capable of producing a path difference of ?'f 4
between extraordinary and ordinary waves. Given X, = 550040, refractive index of e-ray = 1.54,
refractive index of o-ray = 1.53.
31. For a step index fibre the refractive index of core is 1.50, and refractive index of cladding is 1.48.
Calculate the temporal broadening after 1 km. The core radius is such that the ray optics is valid.
(4x4=16marks)
Section E (Essays)

' Answer in about two pages.

E#';,:;,ff1ff:*::";itr;r,.
32. What are coherent sources ? Derive an expression for the resultant intensity when two coherent
beams of light are superposed. What will be the intensity when trro sources are incoherent ?
33. Discuss Fraunhofer diffraction pattern produced by a long single slit. Find positions of maximum
and minimum intensity.
34. Describe how you produce circularly and elliptically polanzed lights ? How will you analyse the
type of polafization?
D 50608 (Pages:3)
' . Reg.

f.fffff SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, N

(CUCBCSS-UG)
PhYsics/APPlied PhYsics
PHY 5B O8/APY 58 Og_PHYSICAL OPilCS AND MODERN OPTICS
Time : Three Hours Maximum : 80 Marks
Section A
I

Answer in a word ot Phrase'

Answer all questions. Each question carcies I mark.

1. To determine optical rotation of solutions is used'

(a) Interferometer. &) Spectrometer.

(c) Magnetometer. (d) Polarimeter.

2. Wide separation of spectral lines indicates :

(a) High resolvin! Power. (b) High magniffig power.

(c) High dispersive Power. (d) None of these.

B. A biprism produce Nl fringes with light of wavelength )'l.The number of fringes with wavelength -

i2.is-
(a) I1NV2L2 (b) r2Nvxl.

(c) XV7L2N1. (d) [l'Ylz]v2 r'ur.

(a) Quarter wave Plate. (b) Halfiivave plate.

(c) Half shade device (d) Biquartz device'
b. when focal length of a lens decreases, the freld of view of the lens -_--.

6. colours of thin films are explained using the phenomenon called

.-:
d
a. Which one is not used to produce interference pattern

(a) Biprism. (b) T\vomirror.

(c) Newton's rings. (d) Nicolprism.

Turn over
 I

D 50608

g. The radius of the 6th zone plate of focal length 10cm for lig\t of wavelength 60004
lD

10. The basic principle of optic frber is

--. (10 x 1= trO marks)

Section B
(Answer in a short paragraph'tlrree ot four sentences'
Answer all questions. Each question carries 2 marks'

11. Draw Frenel's two mirror arrangement ?

LZ. What is polarizing angle. How is it related to refractive index of the medium ?

13. What do you meant by double refraction ?

L4. Define Translation matrix'and refraction Matrix of an optical system'.

15. Compare a zone plate and a convex lens ?

16. What are Newton's rings ? What are its uses ?

17. How are the holqgram Qlassifred ? Explain'
. (7x 2 - 14 marks)
Section C

Answer in a paragraph of about lnalf a Bage to one page'

Answer any fle questions. Each question carries 4 marks.

of reflection
1g. State and explain Fer,mat's principle of extremum path and use it to deduce the laws
and refraction of light i

19. What is.system inatrix ? Obtain it in the case of a systeni of two thin lenses sepatated by a distance
and hencl derive the formula for its focal length'

zo. What is meant by interference of light ? State the fundamental conditions for the production of
interference fringes.

2L. State the principle of superposition of light waves'

22. Define and explain polarization.

23. Distinguish between positive uniaxial and negative uniaxial crystals'
2.4. What is meant by eritical angle of an optical fiber ? Obtain an expression for the critical angle.
(5x4=20marks)
 3 D 50608

Section D
(Problems- write all releuant formulas. Nl irnportant carry separate marks.
steps
Answer any four questi.ons. Each question caties 4 rnarhs.

25. A soap film 5 x 10i cm thick is vie.wed at an angle of 35' to the normal. Find the wavelength of
light in the visible spectrum which will be absent from the reflected light. Given,lr=1.33?

26. What is the radius of the 1st half period zone in a zone plate behavior like a convex lens of focal
length60cm for light of wavelength 6000A ?

27. Calculate the thickness of (i) quarter wave plate(ii) a half x/ave plate. Given that
lro = I -973, P" = 2.656 and 1" = 590nm.
28. that areas ofhalfperiod zones are equal.
Ph*
29. Calculate the angle of acceptance of a given optical fiber, if the refractive indices of the core and
the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.

30. The critical angle of incidence for total reflection in case of water is 48'. What is its polarization
angle ? What is tite angle of refraction corresponding to the polarization angle ?

31. In Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern dge to a narrow slit a screen is placed 2m away from the lens to
obtain the pattern. If the slit width is o.2 mm and the first minimum lie 5mm on either sides of the
central maximum, find the wavelength of light.
(4x4=16marks)

Section E
Essays. Answer in about two Pages.
Answer any two questions. Each question camies LO marhs.

32. Discuss the Fraunhoffer diftaction pattern due to a pingle slit. Draw ihe intensity distribution ?

33. Write principle of holography ? Describe the recording and rerecording process in holography with
the help of suitable diagrams.

34. What are Newtons ring ? derive an expressiorr for the radius of the zth dirrk ring formed by the
reflection also by transmitted light.

35. Explain the rectangular propagation of light on the basis of Fresnels half period zor:'e.
(2 x 10 = 20 marks)
a

Reg. No...

FIEITI SEMESTER B.Sa. DEGRDE (SLTPPLEMEI{TARY) EKAMINATION

NO\IEIIIBER 2017
(UHCSS)
PH 5B 11_PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MODERN OPTICS
.

(2013 Admissions)

Time: Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Section A

Answer all qttcstians.

Eochbunch carri.es weightage of t.
I. 1. Ttre determinantofthe translationmatrix =
(a) 1. (b) 0.

2. Ttre distance between the pair of sources (virtual images) in Fresnel's biprism is

(a) d7=ZrL(u-il\a
=2s.(tl-L)a . G) d =%$t-L)a .

(c) d.=}t(a-L)a.. (d) 4=za(c--L)v.

3. T,o Fresnel's two minor arrangement, the two virtual images of the source are produced by :'
(a) Refraction. ' (b) Reflection.
(c) Diftaction. (d) Polarization
4. Ttre celour of thin film is due to : ,

(a) Interferelce. (b) Dichorism.

(c) Birefringence. (d) OpticalActivity.
il. 5. If a white light source is used in Newton's rings, the central fringe will be :
(a) White. &) Dark.
(c) Violet. (d) R€d.
6. In Fraunhoffer diftaction the diftacted wavefront is :
(a) Plane. (b) Spherical.
(c) Cylindrical. (d) None of these.
Tum over
 2 c 80815
7. In a diftaction grating with white light, red is :
(a) Mobtdeviated. (b) Leastdeviated.
(c) Not deviated. (d) None of these.
8' In a zone plate, the radii of the circles and natuial numbers
are related as :
(a) roq.rl; . G) rno;n.

(c) rnoln2. (d) ,nol.

n
III' 9' In a quarter wave plate, the ptrase difference inhoduced
between the o-ray and e-ray is
(a) 2r. (b) r.
k) ;. (d)
;.
10. Polarization can be explained with the help of
(a) Corpuscular theory. (b) \[ave theory.
(c) Quantum theory. (d) None of these.
11' If the input and output pulse widths are *d b, respectiveln the dispersion in the optical
$r
fiber Af=-
'(a) t2 p2-t2 pt. (b) t2pz+tzpr.
(c),[t4 (d) ltz r,2 -tz ot.
12. The shape of the ordinary wave front in a doubry
refracting crystal is :
(a) Plane. (b) Cylindrical.
(c) Ellipsoid. (d) Spherical.

$2x%=Sweightage)
Section B
Answer all nine questians.
Each qucstion carrics a weightage of L.
13 State Fermat,s principle of extremum path.
14 Define power of a refracting surface,

15 What are coherent sources ?

16 What are non-reflecting films ? Give one application.

 3 C 80815

L7 How do you explain the formation of shadows of small objects on the basis of wave theory.

18 Draw the intensity distribution curve for the Fraunhoffer diftaction at a single slit.

19 What is the role of Canada balsam in a Nicol prism ?

20 What is the basic principle of fiber optic communication ?

2L Explain the term phase matching in non-linear optics.

(9x 1=gweightage)
' Section C

.4nswer ony frve questians.

Each questian earrics a weightage of 2-
22 Derive the refraction matrix for refraction at a spherical surface, i

. 28 Ttre refracting angle of a biprism is 1o and its refractive index is 1.5. It is illuminated with
monochnomatic light through a slit kept at a distance 20 cm from the biprism. If the wavelength
of the light used is 6943 Ao, calculate the fringewidth on a screen kept at distance of 80 cm
fromthebiprism.

24 In a Newton's ring experiment the diameters of the 5tr and 15ft rings were found to be 0.4 cm
and 0.6 cmLe-spltivelV yh"" light of wavelength 600 nm is used. Calculate the radius of
curvature ofthe lens used.

25 Find the radius of the first half'period zone on a zone plate, behaving like a convex lens of
focal length 50 cm for ?" = 500 nm.

26 What is the highest order spectrum which may be seen with monochromatic light of wavelength
4800 A'by means of diffraction grating with 25000/inch.

27 A beam of polarized light of wavelength 60004." when passed through a thin plate, it gets
. converted into circularly polarized light. If no =1.46 and n" =L.455, calculate the thickness of
the plate.

28 If n, = 1.55 and nz= l.S,calculate the numerical aperture and angle of acceptance of the optic
fiber.
(5 x 2.= 10 weightage)

Turn over
 4 c 80815

. AnsweranYtr.o'qt;e'stiolts''
futeh'*uation conic,s a weiglfi'oge of 4'
29 (a) Describe with necessary the@*_the formationof Newtonb rings.
''_r'1

(b) IIowcanyouo"eN"*to*sringstoAeter-minethewavelengthoflightfromamonflmatic
source? ,' ' '' "
B0 Describe in detail tlie el di&action of a cylindiicalwavefront at a straight edge'

B 1 (a) What irs meant by optical actiy!fr ? pistingpisll 'befween dextronotatory and laevo:otatory

(b) Describe the construction the,coasdnrction of Laurentns half stade polarimeter. How do

: (2x4=Sweightagle)
c 30814 (Pages: 3)

FIFTH SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE EKAMINATION,

(CUCBCSS_UG)
Physics/Applied Physics
PTTY 5B O8/APY 58 O9-PTrySICAL OPTICS AND MODERIV OPTICS
fime: Three Hours Maximum: 80 Marks
Section A (Answer in a lVord or Phrase)
Answer all qu,estions.
Each questbn carries I mark.
1. To determine optical rotation of solutions is used.
(a) Interferometer. ft) Spectrometer.
(c) Magnetometer. - (d) Polarimeter.
2. Wide separation of spectral lines indicates :

(a) High resolving power. (b) High magnifring power.

(c) High dispersive power. (d) None of these.
3. A biprism produce N1 fringes with light of wavelengf,h 11. The number offringes with wavelength
,t2 is
(a) l,1NU?,2. (b) ?,2N1/?,1.
-
(c) l.Ul,zNl (d) lxtrxzl%
y1.

4. Ttre inability of a spherical lens'to produce point image of point object is called

(a) 1".

(c) ?"12r'.

6. The basic principle of optic fiber is

7, The sine of acceptance angle is called
8. . Transverse nature of light was established by the phenom";or,
9. In a the case of grating X/dl, is called-.
10. eye piece is achromatic for all colours. -.
(10x1=10marks)

Turn over
 2 c soVla
',. Section B
(Answer in a short paragraph-three ot four sentences).
' Answer any all questions.
Each question carries 2 marks.
11. What is meant by optical path ?
L2. State principle of super position.
18. What are fiber optic sensors ?
14. Define Tlanslatiou matrix and refraction Matrix of an optical system.
15. Compare a zorLeplate and a convex lens, i
l
16. When Newton's rings are formed with white light which colour will be on the outer edge. Why ? .t
r'l!
i
17. How are the hologram classified ? Explain
. (7 x2= l4r4arks)
Section C
(Answer in a paragraph of about half a page to one page)
Answer any five questions.
Each question carri.es 4 marks.
18. State and explain Fermat's principle of extremum path and use it to deduce the lads of reflection
and refraction of light.
19. Explain advantages of optical communication.
20. Show that for a thin air film enclosed between a convex lens and glass plate radii of dark rings of
interference pattern are directly proportional to square root of natural numbers.
2L. Distinguish between step index fiber and graded index fiber.
22. What are coherent soures ? Explain conditions for ipterference.
23. Explain working of Michelson interferometer.
24. Explain colour of thin film in white light.
(5 x 4=20 marks)
section D
(Problems- write all releuant'formulas. All important steps carry separate marks).
Answer any four questions.
Each, question carries 4 marks..

25. A soap film 5 x 10-5 cm. thick is viewed at an angle of 35'to the normal. Find the wavelgngth of
light in the visible spectrum which will be absent from the reflected light. Given p = 1.BB ?

/
F

v
3 g s0814
26. What is the radius of the lst har period zone in a zole plate
behavior like a convex lens of focal
length 60 cm. for light of wavelength 6000 A ?
27. Calculate the thickness of (a) euarter wave plate and (ii) A half wave plate.
; Given that
lro = 1:973, Fe = 2.656 and l" = 590 nm.
28. Show that areas ofhalfperiod zones are equal.

29. Calculate the angle of acceptance of a given optical fiber, if the refractive
indices of the core and
fhs slaflding are 1.b68 and 1.4gg respectively.

30. The critical angle of ineidence for total reflection in water is 48o. What is its polarizatiori
case of
angle ? What is the angle of refraction conesponding to the polarization angle
?

31. In Fraunhoffer diftaction pattern due to a narrow slit a screen is placed 2 m.

ayay from the lens
to obtain the pattern. If the slit width is o.2 mm and the frrst minimum lie
5 mm. on either sides of
the central maximum, find the wavelength of light.

, Section E (Essays - Answer in about two pages)

Answer any two questinns.
Each question carcies 70 rnarks.

32. With a diagram explain diffraction by circular aperture. Using the theory of grating,
explain how
wavelength of light is determined in normal incidence mode.

33. Describe with theory Young's experiment for the determination of band width of interference
pattern due to two coherent sources ? Also draw the intensity distribution for the same

34. Explain the rectangular propagation of light on the basis of Fresnel's half period zone.

35. Write principle of holography ? Describe the recording arrd rerecording process in holography with
the help of suitable diagrams.
(2 x 10 = 20 marks)
D 11170 (Pages:3)
. ,,o

FIFTH SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, N

(CUCBCSS-UG)
' Physics/Applied Physics
PHY 5B O8/APY 5B Og-PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MODERIV OPTICS
Time : Three Hours Maximum : 80 Marks
The symbols used in this question paper haue their usual meanings.
Section A
Answer all questions in a word. or a phra,se.

1. How much is the phase change occurring for a light wave travelling from a ra1er medium to a
denser medium when it gets reflected at the boundary ? '
- ,. \su
2. In a Michelson interferometer, the interference occurs by division o1-D{f'.
3. In Fresnel class of diftaction, the source of light and the screen are at S*o- distance from the
diftacting aperture.
Lt:"*-'
4. For ordinary ray, what is the shape of the Huygens wave sqrface.produced by a point source ?

5. On a hologram, information is recorded in the lor* og

'"\*ke*oattern.
Write Tlue or False :

6. The determinant of a system matrix is unity.

7. Superposition of incoherent waves produces a uniform illumination.
8. A Fresnel's zone plate acts as a concave lens. )
9. When a linearly polarized light is passed through a polarizer, it will be extinguished once in one
full rotation of the polarizer.
10. The information holding capacity of a hologram is higher than a nhotographic fir:;
= l0 marks)
Section B
-l

. 1t ,. ,I* ,."\'Answer Each

a.ll questians in two or three sentences.
question carries 2 marks.
i'- ,,.
11. State the laws of reflection.
t2. Using a suitable figure, express the term optical direction cosine of a ray. ,t\
l\
't\ .l
13. Obtain a relation between optical path length and geometrical path length. .L\ f!
t, {r*f .tfl\
rrt
U^ttt' \
)':j Turn over
 n
- -t-{
I

j {\
\rr
,+ \& I

Y t'- /.** -j1 \F i

'eiij
z .$
-t'
i *t q YYt -t.
ris D 11170
& L4. What are the conclitions for producing Haidihge" f.irg". 2 b t-
('l
*. Write down the expression for the intensity distribution in Fraunhofe"
a*i'\ f
- 15. hihr.ti$,
l* slit and plot it.
due to a single

)
16. What do you mean by a half wave plate ?

L7. What are the basic steps in holbgraphy ?

(7x2=14marks)
Section C
Answeranyfyequestinns iz aparagraphof about half apage toonepage
Each question camies 4 marh,s.
9b--
18. Use Fer:nat's principle to prove that for minimum optical path length, the incident ray, the refracted
s
fc, ray and the norrnal to the interface lie in the same plane
(I
19. Discuss the effect of translation through a homogenous optical medium in terms of a translation
avl matrix.
20. Explain the method of producing interference in a Fresnel'S two-mirror arrangement.
2L. Draw the experimental arrangement for obsendng Newton's rings and indicate the parts. Why
the fringes are circular in shape ?
22. Can Flesnel'swave theory accounts for the.rectilinear propagation of light ? Explain.
23. Explain a method to detect a circularly polarized light.
24. Discuss the applications of holography.

*\x
lJt
Each questinn corrics 4 marks.
,"-n€: Pwblems''write all releuant formulas, all important steps carry separate marks,
-F
25. Obtain the system matrix for a thick equi-convex lens made of a material of refractive index L.b
qcl r ' with radii of cunrature of tn" two surfaees 8 cm. The thickness of the lens is 1 cm. and the lens is
fi, .placed in air.

tt 26" Determine the separation between the coherent sources formed by a biprism whose inclined faces
-"6 make angles of 2' with its base and the slit is 0.1 m. away from the biprism. Given, refractive
index of the material of the prism is 1.8.
27. In Newton's rings experiment, the diameter of the m6 ring changes from 1.2 cm. to I cm. when
the air space between the lens and the glass plate is repliced by a transparent liquid. Find the
refractive index of the tiquid.
28. A zone plate has the diameter of the first ring I mm. If a plane wave ofwavelength 800 nm falls
*
on K
the plate, where should the screen be placed so that the light is focused to a brightest spot ?'
29. What is the highest order spectrum that may be seen with light of wavelength EEo nm by means
of a grating with 3000 lines/cm. ?
 Y F
3 D 111?0
30. A plane polarized light passes through a uniaxial crystal with its optic axis parallel to the faces.
Deterrnine the least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam is plane-polarized. Given
pe = 1.5533 , llo = L.5M2, )u = 500 nm.

31. Calculate the numerical aperture and hence the acceptance angle of an optical fiber having core
and cladding refractive indices 1.48 and 1.40 respectiu"fy.
(4x4=L6marks)
Section E (Essays)"
Answer any two questions in about two pages.
Each questinn carries L0 marks.
Explain interference of light using the principle of superposition. Discuss the analytic.al treatment
of interference.
33. Discuss the Fresnel diftaction at a straight edge. Obtain positions of maximum and minimum
amplitude.
34. What do you mean by a polarized light ? Discuss the production of linearly polarized light
by
(i) reflection ; (ii) refraction; (iii) scattering; and (iv) selective absorption
JO. Illustrate the total internal reflection phenomenon. Explain the light propagation through an
optical fiber. Distinguish betwgen step index and graded index optical fibers.
(2 x 10 = 20 marks)

{}i"
v-

$yi.
-.Sf {,_
'1i---

I F
ii
+n&
I
,l:

\"
su'\ \rr'' 4

\osu .*t(
se
 $"

D 11554 (Pages:3)

H(AMTNATION, NO\TEMBER 2016

(U(HCSS)
PhYsics/APPlied PhYsics
PH 5B 1UAP 5B I3:P}IYSICAL OPTICS AND MODERN OPTICS
(2009-2012 Admissions)
fime : Three Hours Maximum; 30 \Veightage
Section A

4r"wer all questiorx'

Each questian carries'/t weightage'

1. The reversibili$ oflight rays follows from : \

' (a) Fermat's PrinciPle. (b) Ma:rwell's law.

(b) Snell's law. (d) Foucoult's law.
2. fire midpoint of the mirror is salled :

(a) Centreofcurvature. (b) Principal axis.

(c) Vertex. (d) Focal p1ane.
3. The inverse of the reduced focal length is known ut -1-
4. The properties ofan optical system can be obtained from
(a) Ttanslation mix. (b) Refraction matrix.
(c) Reflectionmatrix. (d) Systemmatrix.
5. I\ro source of light are coherent if the wave produced-by thbm have the same :
(a) Wavelength. :

(b) AmPlitude.
(c) Wavelength and constant phase differende'
(d) Amplitude and wavelength.

6. Laser light is :
(a) Coherent. (b) Non-coherent.
(c) Divergent. (d) Unco-ordinatedsource-

Turn over
 2 D 115il
\.,
7, In a bi prism experiment, if the equal angle of the two components prisms are slightly increased,
the fringe pattern will
' (a) Get enlarged. (b) Shrink.
(c) Vanish. (d) None of these.
8. Diftaction c€ases as :

(a) FrequencYtends ta zero. (b) )' + co'

(c) X. -+ 0. (d) Energy.tends to increase.

9, Light waves can be polarized because they are

10. Plane polarized light can be produced by:

(a) Biprism. (b) Zone plate.
(c) Grating. (d) Nicolprism.
11. One of the following is a non linear optical effect :-
(a) Raman effect. (b) Zeeman'effect.
(e) Compton effect. (d) Interference.

L2. Light rays are propagated through an optical fiber by the mechanism of :

(a) Betaction. (b) Reflection.

(c) Total internal reflection. (d) Diftaction.
(L2xY+=Sweightage)
Seetion B
er all questions.
Attsw
Dach question cariPs t weightoge.
I r t r'
13. Distinguish between refraction and translation.
L4. Define magnification of a system. ' '

15. What are the eonditions for producing interference fringes ?

16. Soap bubble spread over the surface of water appears colored in sunlight. Why ?
17. Distinguish between Ffaunhoffer diftaction and Fresnel'diftaction.
18. Radio waves diffract around buildings while light waves do not. Explain.
19. What is double diftaction ?
20. What are the advantages of cladding?
2L. What is meant by self focusing ?

(9x 1=9weightage)
 D 11554
Section C ,

Answer any five questinns.

22. Derivethe laws of refraction using Fermat,s principle.

23' obtain the system matrix for a combination of two thin lenses of
focal lengths separated by a
distance D and hence find out the equivarent focar rength
of the system.
24' Red light from a IIe- Ne laser (1, 632.6 nm) is incident
= on a screen containing very narrow
horizontal slits separated by 0.2 mm. A fringe pattern appears
on a screen held 1.0 m. away. How
far dbove and below the central axis are the first zeroes
of irradiance ? How f",. fi;;;;; r; r;"
v'rv 4D ro ul
fifth bright band.
25' In a Newton's ring experiment, the diameter of the Fourth bright ring is 2.52 cm.Now the wedge
between the glass plate and the convex lens is filled
with a liquid and the diameter of the ring
changes to 2.2 cm. what is the refractive index of the
liquid ?
26' Discuss the diftaction pattern due to a straight edge. Find the positions ofmaximum
and minimum
intensity.
27. rlow is elliptically polarized right produced and detected
?

28. *1t is a fiber guide ? Discuss the working principle of'a fiber guide. What you
do mean by a
graded index fiber and a step index fiber ?

(5x2=l0weightage)
Section D
Answer any two questinns,
Eoch question carries 4 weightage
29. What is attenuation in an optical fiber ? Explain intriqsic attenuation and extrinsic attenuation.
What is the attenuation of an optical fiber of L5 vo of thepower fed
at the launching end in lost in
a 0.5 krn. fiber ?

30' Explain the working of a Michelson ihterferometer. Describe how the

difference between two elose
wavelengths can be determined using the interferometer.
31, Dqscribe the necessary theory how-the wave length of monochromatic
a source of radiation can be

32' Discuss the theory of a zone plate and corBpare it with that of a converging lens. Does the zone
plane suffer from chromatic aberration ? Justifr.

(2x4=Sweightage)
 T*n*'
D"l1561 (Pages:3)
tl,
v t"",

FIFTH.SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE

2016
'l*oryt':,I'
.
I:}*ER
(UG-4CSS)
physics
PH 5B II-PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MODERIV OPTICS
(2013 Arlmissions)
fime: Three Hours Maximum: 30 Weightage
I. Objective questions (Answer oIJ questions) :

1 When a ray of light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, at the reflection boundary, it
r' --
undergoes a phase change of:
(a) zradians. (b) 2zradians.
(c) r/2 radians (d) zrl3 radiens
2 Which among the following does not belong to the case of interference by division of
wavefront ?

(a) Fresnel'sbiprism. ft) Fresnel's double mirror.

(c) Lloyd'sminor. (d) Michelson interferometer.
3 In the case of interference by a thin film, visibility of the fringes is :

,(a) More in reflected system. (b) More in transmitted system.

(c) Equal in both the systems. (d) Very poor in both the systems.
4 The grating spectrum arises from:
(a) Dispersion. &) Diffraction
(c) Reflection. (d) Polarization.

(a) Interference. (b) Diffraction.

t
(c) Polarization. (d) Dispersion.
6 When a linearly polarized light is passed through a polarizer, how many times it will be
extinguished in one full rotation of the polarizer ?
(a) Once. (b) TWice.
(c) Thrice. (d) Fourtinies.

Turn over
 D 11561

a: v
7 A Fresnel's zone Plate acts as
(a) Mirror. G) Prism'
(c) Concave lens. (d) Convex lens'
8 The radii of Newton's rings are proportional to
(a) Wavelength of light used'
(b) Square of the wavelength of light used'
(c) Square root of the wavelength of light used'
(d) Inverse of the wavelength of light used'
g At the core-cladding interface of an optical fiber, the angle of incidence must be -- the
critical angle. -
(a) than.
Greater (b) Less than'

(c) Equal to. (d) Tangent of'

10 When a qnrtzcrystal is exposed to an intense ruby laser pulse of wavelength 6943 A',
it
generated a low intense second harmonicwave. Which among the following is the second
harrnonic wavelength ?

(") A.
13886 (b) 8471'6 A''
(c) 6943 A. (d) 20829 A''

11 When light enters from a medium of refractive index a, to another medium of refractive index
22, with angle of incidence and angle of refraction i and r, respectively, the Snell's law
relating
these quantities can be written as

LZ For sustained interference, the path difference between the overlapping waves must be
than the coherence l'ength-' of the Yaves'
-
' U. Short answer questions (fuiswer aII questions) :

1g Show that rectilinear propagation of light follows from Fermat's principle.

L4 Write down the lens maker's formula for a thin lens and explain the terms involved.

'1.5 What do you mean by the term optical path ?

16 Draw the schematic of a Michelson interferometer'

L7 Compare Fresnel and Fraunhofer diftaction.

18 Distinguish between positive and negative crystals'

 3 . D 11561

v 19 What is the principle of }ight propagation in an optical fiber ?

20 What do you mean by single mode and multimode optical fibres ?
2l lixplain the term sum frequency generation in non-linear optics,
(9x 1=9weightage)
UI. Short essay questions (Answer any fiue questions) :

22. Two thin convergtng lenses of powers 5 and 4 diopters are placed co-axially 10 cm. apart.
Determine the focal length of the combination.

23 Estimate the radiui of the frrst zone in a zone plate of focal length 20 cm. for light ofwavel,ength
500 nm.

24 A parallel beam of monochromatic light is allowed to incident normally on a plane diftaction

grating having 1250 lineVcm. and a second order spectral line is obsened to be deviated
through 30 degrees. Calculate the wavelength of the spectral line.

25 Determine the thiekness of a half-wave plate of quartz for a wavelength 500 nm. Given, the
refractive indices of the extra-ordinary and ordinary rays are pe = 1.553 and po. = 1,il4,
respectively

26 Show that superposition ofincoherentwaves cannot produce interferenee.

27 Write down the relation between polarization and electric field in a non-linear medium and \

explain the related effects.

28 A step index fiber has a core of refractive index 1.55 and cladding of refractive index 1.5.
Determine the numerical aperture of the fiber. Assume that light enters the fiber from air.
(5x2=l0weightage)
IV. Essay questions (Answer arty twoquestions) :

29 Discuss the interference by a plane parallel film illuminated by a plane wave.

30 Explain the theory of Fresnel diftraction at a straight edge.

31 Discuss (i) Huygens theory of double refraction ; and (ii) Optical activity.
(2x4=Sweightage)
 D 90921

I
(Pages:3)

FIFTII SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE H(AMINATION,

ruG-CCSS)
Core Course-Physics

I
PH 58 II._PHYSICAL OPTICS AND MODERN OPTICS
(2013 Admissions)
Time : Three Hours -Maximum: 30 Weightage
- I. Objective questions (Answer oll questions) :

I
1. On reflection at the boundary, a light wave travelling from a denser medium to a rarer
mediurn undergoes :

(a) A phase change of %radians.

(b) A phase change of % radians.

(c) A phase change of % radians.

(d) No phase change.

2. In a Michelson interferometer, the interference occurs by :

(a) Division of wavefront. ft) Division of amplitude.

(c)Division of wavelength. (d) Division of frequency.
3. The grating spectrum arises from:
(a) Dispersion. (b) Difhaction.
(c) Reflection. (d) Polarization.
4. Which optical phenomenon proves that lighi waves are transverse in nature ?

(a) Reflection. (b) Refraction.

(c) Polarization. (d) Dispqrsion.
5. When a circularly polarized light is passed through a quarter wave'plate, it is converted
into :

(a) Unpolarized. (b) Ellipticallypolarized.

(c) Plane polarized. (d) Circularly polarized.
6. The function of a Fresnel's zone plate is that of a.:
(a) Convex lens. (b) Concave lens.
(c) Prism. (d) Mirror.

Itrrn over
7
f

\.-/
2 D 90921
7. The radii of Newton's rings are proportional to:
(a) Wavelength of light used.
(b) Square of the wavelength of light used.
(c) Square root of the wavelength of light used.
(d) Cube root of the wavelength of light used.
8. The numerical aperture of an optical frber does not depend on :
(a) Refractive index of the core.
(b) Refractive index of the cladding.
(c) Refractive index of the sheath.
(d) None of these.
9' When a quartz crystal is exposed to an intense ruby laser pulse of wavelength 6948 A.,
it generated a low intense second harmonic wave. Which among the following is the second
harmonic wavelength ? "
(a) 13886 A'. (b) 20829 A..
(c) 6943 A'. (d) 3471.5 A".
10. For Fraunhofer diffraction at a circular aperture, when the diameter of the aperture is
increased, the radius of the central bright ring
11. When light enters from a medium of refractive index z1 to another medium of refractive
index n2,withangle of incidence and angle of refraction are i and r, respectively, the
-. as
Snell's law relating these quantities can be written
L2. The length of a wave over which it is sinusoidal and has a predictable phase is
called
, -. ('12xt/q=Bweightage)
II. Short answer questions (Answer oll questions) :
13. Explain Fermat's principle of least time. :

14, What are the cardinal points for an optical system ?

15. What do you mean by the term optical path ?
16. Distinguish between the Newton,s rings formed by reflected and transmitted monochromatic
light.
L7. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diftaction.
18. Compare the properties of ordinary and extraordinary rays.
19. Draw the refractive index profile of a step index and a graded index fiber.
20. Discuss the phase matching condition in second harmonic generation.
' 21". What do you mean by difference frequency generation in non-linear optics ?
(9x1=9weightage)
 3
D 90921
IIII. Short essay questions (Answer arry
fiuequestions) :
22' obtain the system matrix for a thin lens placed
radii of curvature b0 cm each. in air made of refraetive index L.b and
23' Determine the radius of the second zone in a zoneplate
wavelength 800 nm. of focal length 10 cm for light of

24' Estimate the minimum number of lines a grating

order, the rines whose waverengths are
jn that will just resolve, in the second
Egg ri*-""jgsg.6 nm.
25' A plane polarized light passes thrlush
the least thicknesJ of3.ynielal Tystal with its optic axis parallel to the
fr:n*etermine
the plate ro", *rri.r, til;;;;;;beam is plane-

Given lre = 1.5533 , trt, = 1.5442, ?u =,500nm.

26' Prove that superposition of incoherent waves cannot
produce interference.
27. Discuss the origin of second harmonic generation.
28' A step index fiber has a core of refractive index
Determine the numerical aperture of l.Eb and clad of refractive index 1.s.
the fib";. A;"; that light enters the fiber from air.
(5 x 2 = 10 weightage)
ry. Essay questions (Answer any
twoquestions) :
29. Discuss the interference by a plane paraler
firm ilruminated by a plane wave.
30' Discuss the Fraunhofer diftaction
due to a single slit. Draw the intensity
distribution.
31' Exptain what is meant by a quarter wave plate. using
produetion of an ellipticallv at d ci".rta"ty a neat diagram, discuss the
por."ir"a Iight using qrru"tu" wave plate.
"
(2x4_8weightage)

I
D 70949 (Pages:3)

Reg.
FIEIII SEMESTER B.Sc. DEGREE EXATIINATION, N
(U.G.-CCSS)
Core Course-Physics/Applied physics
PH 58 1l/AP 5B I3-PITVSICAL OPTICS AIVD MODERN OPTICS
fime: Three Hours Maximum : 80 Weightage
Section A
Answer oll qucstions.
1. The bending of light ray at the corners of opaque obstacles is called :
(a) Reflection. (b) Refractio,n.
(c) Interference. (d) Difhaction.
2- At polarising angle, the angle between reflected and refracted rays is :

(a) lt
n. (b)
i'
(c)
IC
lt
(d)
4.'. 6'
8. The colours in J
thin films is due to : I
I
(a) fnterference. (b) Diftaction. I
I
(c) Polarisation (d) Refraction.
4. Polarimeter is a device to measure :

(a) Intensity of light. G) \lVavelength.

(c) Frequency. (d) Optical rotation.
5' For a quarter wave plate, phase difference betrnreen ordinaqy and extraordinary rays
is :

(a) z. 1t
&) 18.

lt
(c) Z. (d) T
6'
6. Hologram is :

(a) One dimensional image of object.

(b) I\ivo dimensional image of object.
(c) Three dimensional image of object.
(d) z dimensional image of object.

Turn over
 Y
2 D,?0949

7. The outer layer of the optical fibre is cailed

(a) Core. (b) Cladding.
(c) Plastic coating. (d) Jacket.
8. Condition for constructive interference is :

(a) \^*= a2. (b) Lr, -- c2r,z.

(c) I-r" = 3o2. (d) \^*= 4a2.
9. The annrrlar area enclosed between first and segond circles is called :

(a) First half period zone. (b), Second half period zone.

(c) Ttrird half period zone. (d) Fourth half period zote.
10. Ttre resolving power of a grating is :

(a) zN. (b) ft

(c) JzN. (d) n2N.
11. Phenomenon of splitting of light ray, when it is passed through calcite crystal is :
(a) Refraction. (b) Double refraction.
(c) Diffraction. (d) Interfrrence.
L2. Diftaction of, sound is very easY to observe in day to day life. This is not'so with light. Ttris is
because :

(a) r" > fl. (b) I" < Il.

(c) Lr = ?'t (d) None.
(L2x%=S,weightage)
Section B
Answer dl qtnstinns.

13. What is refraction matrix ?

L4. Stlte the conditions for obtaining sustained interference pattern on a screen.

15. Mention any two uses of Michelson's interferometer'

16. Define resolving pow.er of a grating

L7. What is a'half wave plate ? Why is it called so ?

19. Distinguish between step index fibre and graded index fibre.
 .:i!-,-4:f.,::,r:-;i4iry:r-'iElll-

-
3 D 70949
20. What is meant by parametric oscillation ?

2L. DistinguiSh between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diftaction.

(9x l=gweightage)
Section C
Answer any five questions.
22. The numerical aperture of an optical fibre is 0.24. If the refractive index of the core is 1.48, ealculate
the refractive index of the cladding.
23. Calculate the thickness of quartz which will rotate the plane of polarisation of sodium yellow

7t
Ay LZ Specific rotation is 2l.72olmm.

24. Calculate the velocity of O-ray and E-ray in calcite (a) along the optic axis ; (b) in a plane
I
perpendicular to the optic axis po = 1.65, Fp = 1.486, c =SxlOBml s.

25. Calculate the minimum number that a grating should have such that it jr,.sf resolves in the
of lines
second order, the lines whose wavelength are 5.890 x 10{ cm and 5.896 x 10-6 cm.

26 . Find t,Le angular width of the central bright maximum in the Fraunhofer pattern of a slit of width
i
, .JIlx 10-5 cm when the slit is-illutrrinated by monochromatic light of waveiength 6000 A. ,i
1

27. A zone plate has the radius of the first ring 0.05 cm. If the plane waves (l = SOOO A) f.ff on the l
plate, where should the screen be placed so that the light is founded to a bright spot.
28, When one of the mirror in a Michelson's interferometer is moved through a distance of 0.5 mm,

calculate the no. of fringes that will cross the field of view (f = OOOO A).
(5x 2= loweightage)
section D
,4nswer any two questions.
29. Explain how Michelson's interferometer is used to determine the difference in wavelengths very
close to each other such as D, and Dr lines of sodium.
30. What is a system matrix ? Derive an expression for the syslem matrix for a thin lens and hence
obtain the formula for a thin lens.
31. What is polarisation ? Explain the procluction of :

(i) Elliptically polarised. (ir) Circularly polarised light with necessary theory.
(2x4=gweightage)
7 \,
fr; -- F. lei"r^rn
*]o*.'^F
P;5fi[gl (Pages:8)
r\Fl

FIrffI SEME8TER B,Sc. DEGBEE EXAMNATTON,

(UG.CCSS)
I Physics (Cbre Course)
PH 5B LLIAP 5B 13-PI{YSICAI-, OPTICS A}ID MODER}.I OPTICS
(Com'non, for .A,pplied physics)
fime : Three llours
Maximum : 80 Weightage
Section A
Answer all questians.
I 1. Ttre superposition of two or more waves in a medium is known as :
l (a) Reflection. (b) Refraction.
(c) Interference. (d) Polarisation.
t 2. The waves that cannot be polarised : a

t _ (a) Light waves. (b) Sound waves. l

t I

t
(c) Electrornegnetic waves. (d) None.
t
t
3. Malus law is : {
:

I
(a) I = Io cos2 0. G) I Io2 cos2 0.
_l

t
=
t (c) I = Io sinz 0. (d) I = I3 sin2 e.
t 4. Optical fibre works on the principle of :
t
I (a) Refraction. ft) Total internal reflection.
i
(c) Interference. (d) Diftaction.
t 5. In interference there is redistribution of:
t
t
(a) Amplitude. ft) Frequency.
i! (c) Phase. (d) Energy.
r
i
I
6' ff the light is completely polarised by reflection at a plane refracting surface, then the angle
i
i
between reflected and refracted light is :
I

i
(a) TE. (b) ;
I

(c)
I (d) zero.
Turn over
[-
*# "8
d.]$r
.t,
D,607Si
I*.
Y. \ *!
\\ t7:1F
Pof ansatio" ;L.lislJ $rore*
\- (a) Quahtiifnature of light. (b) Corpuscular nature of light,
- . 1; , i ..

(c) tlansverse nature of light. (d) Longitudinal nature of light.

Colours in a thin film results from :
I

(a) Dispersion of light. (b) Interfepnce of ligh,!. ,

:1 ,

(c) Absorption of light. (d) Scattering of light.

9. TWo coherent sources ofintensities I and 4I are superposed. The maximum and il4mUrn possible
intensities in the resultant beam is :
(a) SIandI. (b) 9IandI.
(c) 5IandBI. (d) 9I and 8I.
10. Ttre fogal length of the zone plate is :

-3
(a) f =Lr,^. (b) f --+.
i

t.
I nL
L
I '.
t
i:\: (c)' f =#,.
?2 '" ,*-,r,:s s:l i.Tei --F ..*, ",1Il*'it41 *,-+*i.,,.*,.*,..y+
=
F.--
if,
ft'..*"'.
I
t 11. The path difference between ordinary and extraordinary ray in a quarter wave plate is :
I
L

t. (a) 2'". (b) t2.

J
{
(
l.
i (e) Z"
(d) Zero.
I
t.

i
L2. The inner portion o{optical fibre is called : ..

(a) Core. (b) Cladding.

(c) Jaeket. (d) None.
(L2xYc,=8 weightage)
.'Section B
Answer al! questians.

13. What is meant by system matrix ?

t4. A very thin film does'not show colour, why ?

15. Distinguish between interference bands and diftaction bands.

 3 D 50731

16. Compare zone plate with a convex lens.

17. What is optical aetivity ?

ix
'<,
,/-
1'-{-
18. What is double refraction ? -\
19. What is a hologram ? How does it differ from a photograph ? \
20. Mention a few applications of optical fibre.

2L. What are coherent sources ? Give fruo examples.

(9x1=9 weightage)

Section C

Answer any fre questions.

22. In an Youngis double slit experiment, the hro slits have a width ratio of 1 : 4. Find the ratio of
maximum intensity to minimum intensity in the interference pattern.

28. Aparallelbeamoflight (1"=5890A') isincidentonathinglassplate (z=1.5) suchthattheangle i

of refraction is 60. Calculate the smallest thickness of the plate which will appear dark by reflection. l

l
l

24. In Newton's ring experiment the diameter of the 4th dark ring is 0.34 cm. using a light ofwavelength
589.3 nm. Calculate the radius of the curvature of the convex lens.

25. Calculate the size of the circular aperture on a screen which would transmit 4 Fresnel's zones to a l
'I
point 10 m away, if the wavelength of light used is 589 nm ? -'l

26. What is the longest wavelength of light for which a spectrum can be obtained using a grating of
6000lines per cm, under normal incidence ?

27. Calculate ths tnilimum thickness of a quarter wave plate of calcite for a wavelength 5893 A.

28. What is the concentration of sugar solution of length 15 cm. if the optical rotation produced is 7o

and specific rotation is 65".

(5x2 = l0weightage)
Section D
Answer any two questions.
29. Give the theory of zone plate. Derive an expression for its focal length.
30. With necessary theory, explain the formation of colours in thin film.
31. What is numerical aperture ? Derive an expression for it.
(2x4=Sweightage)