GRAMMAR – WEEK 1

CHAPTER 1: THE SENTENCE

1. Rewrite the sentences that don’t make sense. Mark all the sentences in the exercise S V 0 to show Subject, Verb,
Object.
1. The shop assistant is wrapping the parcel. .........................................................................................
2. Have seen the visitors the new buildings. ...........................................................................................
3. My father didn't wash the dishes. .......................................................................................................
4. The pipe is going to fix the plumber. ...................................................................................................
5. Will the goalkeeper catch the ball? .....................................................................................................
6. Has the meal enjoyed the guest? .......................................................................................................
7. Can't play John the game. ..................................................................................................................
2. Arrange these words in the right order. Use a capital letter to begin each sentence.
Mark each rewritten sentence S V 0 M P T to show: Subject, Verb, Object, Manner (How?), Place (Where?), Time
(When?).
1. the papers / into the bin / he threw ......................................................................................................
2. hides / Mrs Jones / her money / under the bed ....................................................................................
3. carefully / this suitcase / you didn't pack .............................................................................................
4. on this shelf / I left I this morning / some money .................................................................................
5. from the bank / a loan / you'll have to get ...........................................................................................
6. the phone / in the middle of the night / woke me up ...........................................................................
The forms of a sentence
A sentence can take any one of four forms:
- a statement: The shops close/donlt close at 7 tonight.
- a question: Do the shops close at 7 tonight?
- a command: Shut the door./Donlt shut the door.
- an exclamation: What a slow train this is!
3. Arrange these groups of words in the right order. Add (.), (?) or (!). Describe each sentence as a statement, question,
command or exclamation: S, Q, C or E.
1 the coffee don't spill ..................................................................... (c)
2 today's papers have you seen ................................................................................................ ( )
3 to meet you how nice .............................................................................................................. ( )
4 my umbrella where did you put ............................................................................................... ( )
5 arrived the train fifteen minutes late ..................................................................................... ( )
6 on time the plane won't arrive ............................................................................................... ( )
7 this electricity bill I can't pay ................................................................................................... ( )
4. Read this story and arrange the words in each sentence in the right order. Add capital letters and (,), (.), (!) or (?) in
the right places.
1. near a bus stop I an old man I saw ...................................................................................................
2. 'beautiful village what a' I exclaimed ...............................................................................................
3. 'live here how many people' ..............................................................................................................
4. 'seventeen people there are' the old man said ...............................................................................
5. 'here have you lived how long' ........................................................................................................
6. 'all my life I have lived here' ..............................................................................................................
7. 'isn't it it's a quiet sort of place' .........................................................................................................
8. 'here a quiet life we live ...................................................................................................................
9. a cinema we don't have or a theatre ...............................................................................................
10. our school five years ago was closed .............................................................................................
The simple sentence: verbs with and without objects
A simple sentence is a complete unit of meaning which contains a subject and a verb, followed, if necessary, by other words
which make up the meaning.
5. Put a tick beside COMPLETE sentences.
1 ……Made in Germany.
2 ……This car was made in Germany.
3 ……To write a letter.
4 ……Standing in the rain.
5 ……I want to write a letter.
6 ……Is tall.
7 ……Do you like?
8 ……The train has arrived.
9 ……Have finished my work.
10 …….You should listen.
Transitive Verbs
A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to receive the action. 
- We always have to use an object after some verbs: e.g. beat, contain, enjoy, hit, need. We call these transitive verbs. We have
to say: Arsenal beat Liverpool. But we can't say *Arsenal beat. *
- Some verbs never take an object: e.g. ache, arrive, come, faint, go, sit down, sleep, snow. We call these intransitive verbs. We
have to say: We arrived at 1 1. But we can't say 'We arrived the station at 1 1.
- Some verbs can be used transitively or intransitively: e.g. begin, drop, hurt, open, ring, win. We can say: Arsenal won the
match. (transitive) or Arsenal won. (intransitive)
Game: https://quizlet.com/3768979/transitive-and-intransitive-verb-help-flash-cards/
Example sentences of verbs that are both transitive and intransitive
I stopped the car. –  The car stopped.
I broke my coffee mug. – My coffee mug broke.
The summer heat melted my ice cream. – My ice cream melted.
She speaks Arabic. –  She speaks very quickly.
Mike is reading a book. – Mike is reading.
New Zealand won the match. – New Zealand won.
Example sentences using INTRANSITIVE verbs
We arrived around midday.
She sneezed loudly.
Your baby cries a lot.
His grandfather died last year.
The rain fell heavily.
I was waiting but nothing happened.
The jokes were not funny and nobody laughed.
I walk to work every day.
We sat on the bench.
He stood in the corner.
We waited but nobody came.
Example sentences using TRANSITIVE verbs
We enjoyed the concert.
I opened the door.
She kicked the ball.
He took me to a restaurant.
I saw an accident.
He copied my answer.
6. Put an object (a pronoun or a noun) after these verbs only where possible.
1 The box contains ............................... 10 The door opened .........................
2 The train has arrived ........................................ 11 This is a game no one can win…………………………………
3 The phone rang .............................................. 12 The concert began ............................... at 7.30.
4 Someone is ringing .......................................... 13 I began .......................................................
5 You need .......................................................... 14 It's snowing……………………………………….
6 We sat down ................................................... 15 Quick! She's fainted ..........................................
7 Don't hit ....................................................... 16 Did you enjoy ................................................. ?
8 Did you beat ................................................ ? 17 My head aches …………………………………….
9 Who opened .................................................. ? 18 My foot hurts .....................................................
The simple sentence: direct and indirect objects
A Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object: 'Show me that photo'.
1. We can use two objects after verbs like give and buy.
Instead of: Give the book to me, we can say: Give me the book.
lnstead of: Buy the book for me, we can say: Buy me the book.
2. Some verbs combine with TO: bring, give, lend, pay, post, sell, send, show, tell, write
Bring that book to me. -, Bring me that book.
3. Other verbs combine with FOR: buy, choose, cook, cut, do, fetch, find, get, make, order:
Please order a meal for me. -, Please order me a meal.
4. We can put it and them after the verb: Give it to me. Buy them for me. Do it for me.
With e.g. give and buy, we can say: Give me it. Buy me them. (But not 'Do me it')
We say: Give it to John. Buy them for John. (Not *Give John it*Buy John them')
Direct and indirect objects: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qywaw9o-zTU
7. You want people to do things for you. Write suitable polite requests using it, them or one.
1 John needs a new coat. (buy) Please .................................................................................................
2 I can’t reach that cup. (pass) Please .................................................................................................
3 Ann wants to see our flat. (show) Please ...........................................................................................
4 I can't do the shopping. (do) Please ...................................................................................................
5 I'd like a copy of that book. (order) Please .........................................................................................
The two meanings of 'for'.
1. We can use for after all verbs which have two objects.
2. When we use for after verbs normally followed by to (give, post, read, sell, show, tell, etc.) it can mean 'instead of': I’ll post it
for you. (= to save you the trouble).
3. When we use for after verbs normally followed by for (buy, choose, do, find, keep, order, etc.) the meaning depends on the
context. It can mean 'for someone's benefit': Mother cooked a lovely meal for me. (= for my benefit, for me to enjoy).
8. Tick to show whether for means 'instead of you/me' or 'for your/my benefit'.
1 I've cooked a meal for you, and I hope you enjoy it. ……………….
2 Let me cook the dinner for you this evening. -Thanks! ……………….
3 I've made this cake for you. Do you like it? ……………….
4 I've got some change. Let me pay the bill for you. ……………….
5 As you're busy, let me book a room for you. ……………….
9. Put a tick (J) where you think you can change the word order.
A CURE FOR HYSTERIA
When I was a girl, my parents sent me to a very strict school. They had to buy an expensive uniform for me 1…… and pay
school fees for me 2…….-. Our headmistress, Miss Prim, never smiled. She explained the school rules to us 3…….- and
expected us to obey them. 'I will never say anything to you 4 ……..- twice,' she used to say. We had to write a letter to
ourparents 5…….- once a week and show it to Miss Prim 6……….. before we sent it. I can still remember some of the school
rules. We were not allowed to lend anything to anyone 7…….-. We were not allowed to give each other help 8…….. with
homework. We had to report unusualsituations to the headmistress 9…….-. One morning, during assembly, a girl fainted. The
next morning, two more fainted. This continued to happen for several mornings. Mass hysteria had set in! But Miss Prim put an
end to it. She announced a new rule to us 10…………-: 'No girl will faint in College!' And after that, no one did!
The compound sentence.
- The name we give to 'joining words' is conjunctions. These are the conjunctions we use to make compound sentences: and, and
then, but, for, nor, or, so, yet; either ... or; neither ... nor ...; not only ... but ... (also/as well/too).
We can use conjunctions to show, for example:
- addition (and): He washed the car and polished it.
- continuation (and then): He washed the car and then polished it.
- contrast (but, yet): She sold her house, but/yet (she) can't help regretting it.
- choice (or): You can park your car on the drive or on the road.
- result (so): He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
- reason (for): We rarely stay in hotels, for we can't afford it.
10 Compound sentences with the same subject Join these simple sentences to make compound sentences. Use the words
in brackets.
1 Your mother phoned this morning. She didn't leave a message. (but)
............................................................................................................................................................
2 1 can leave now. I can stay for another hour. (I can either ...
or) ............................................................................................................................................................
3 Jim built his own house. He designed it himself. (Jim not only ... but ... as well)
............................................................................................................................................................
4 1 don't know what happened to him. I don't care. (I neither ... nor)
............................................................................................................................................................
5 My new assistant can type very well. He hasn't much experience with computers. (but)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6You can give me some advice. Your colleague can. (Either you ... or)
............................................................................................................................................................
7 We got ready to get on the train. It didn't stop.
(but) ...........................................................................................................................................................
8 No one was in when we called. We left a message.
(so) ...........................................................................................................................................................
9 We didn't want to get home late after the film. We went straight back.
(so) ...........................................................................................................................................................
10 The old lady was nervous. She wasn't used to strangers calling late at night.
(for) ...........................................................................................................................................................
11 I've always wanted to live in the country. My parents prefer to live in town.
(but) ............................................................................................................................................................
12 The letter has been lost. The postman has delivered it to the wrong address.
(or) ............................................................................................................................................................
13 For a moment the top of the mountain was visible. A cloud covered it. (and
then) ............................................................................................................................................................
14 Jane was a successful career woman. Her mother wanted her to be a housewife. (yet)
............................................................................................................................................................
The complex sentence: noun clauses
- We can join two or more simple sentences to make complex sentences:
The alarm was raised. The fire was discovered.
The alarm was raised as soon as the fire was discovered.
The alarm was raised when the fire was discovered.
The alarm was raised after the fire was discovered.
- We can use many different kinds of 'joining words' (or conjunctions) to make complex sentences: after, as soon as, when,
since, that, if, so that, whether, etc.
11 Put in the correct forms.
SNAP!
Postmen have stopped (deliver) delivering letters to the new houses in our area. They object to the letterboxes on the front
doors. They hate (push) ' ............................. letters through them because the letterboxes snap shut. If you try
(push) ............................. a letter through, you can't get your fingers out! You try (push) ............................. a letter into one of
these boxes and see what happens! You quickly regret (have) ............................. tried! They have been designed to stop burglars
(open) ............................. your front door from the outside, but postmen dread (use) ' ............................. them as well. The
painful condition known as Letterbox Finger is just as bad as Housemaid's Knee or Tennis Elbow!
Game: https://www.turtlediary.com/game/sentence-unscramble-fifth-grade.html