Jayson Dela Vega 03/09/2020

I-AINS
ADELEX

HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS

For a large number of years, individuals everywhere on over the world have been
captivated by lightning. A few people more likely than not considered how to put that sort of
capacity to commonsense use. However, it wasn't until the eighteenth century that the way to
the ordinary utilization of electrical force started to come to fruition. Ben Franklin
demonstrated that lightning was a type of power.
Perhaps you have caught wind of the acclaimed kite test by American Founding Father
and creator Benjamin Franklin. In 1752, to demonstrate that lightning was electrical, he flew a
kite during a tempest. He tied a metal key onto the string and as he speculated, electricity from
the tempest mists streamed down the string, which was wet, and he got an electrical stun.
Franklin was very fortunate not to have been truly harmed during this analysis, yet he was
eager to have demonstrated his thought. All through the following hundred years, numerous
creators and researchers attempted to figure out how to utilize electrical capacity to make light.
In 1879, the American creator Thomas Edison was at last ready to deliver a dependable,
durable electric light in his research facility. By the end of 1880s, small electrical stations
dependent on Edison's designs were in various U.S. urban areas. In any case, each station had
the option to power just a couple of city squares. In spite of the fact that most of individuals
living in bigger towns and urban communities had power by 1930, just 10 percent of Americans
who lived on farms and in rural areas had electric power. At this time, electric companies were
all privately owned and run to make profit. These companies contended that it would be too
costly to even consider stringing miles of electric lines to farms. They additionally thought
farmers were too poor to even think about paying for electric help. President Franklin D.
Roosevelt accepted emphatically that America's cultivating zones ought to have similar
admittance to electricity as urban communities did. In 1935 the Rural Electric Administration
was made to carry power to rural areas like the Tennessee Valley. By 1939 the level of
provincial homes with power had ascended to 25 percent.
The Tennessee Valley Authority likewise set up the Electric Home and Farm Authority to
assist farmers with purchasing electric apparatuses like ovens and clothes washers. Farm
families of that time found that these supportive electric appliances made their lives much
easier. Today, Americans' way of life has ascended as almost everybody has electric force at
home, school and at work
 Electronics genuine history started with the innovation of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming,
in 1897; and, from that point onward, a vacuum triode was executed by Lee De Forest to
amplify electrical signals. This prompted the presentation of tetrode and pentode tubes that
ruled the world until the World War II.
Accordingly, the transistors era started with the junk transistor invention in 1948.
Despite the fact that, this specific development got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later supplanted
with a massive vacuum tube that would devour high power for its activity. The utilization of
germanium and silicon semiconductor materials made this transistors gain the fame and wide-
acknowledgment use in various electronic circuits.
The ensuing years saw the innovation of the integrated circuits (ICs) that definitely
changed the electronic circuits' inclination as the whole electronic circuit got coordinated on a
single chip, which brought about low: cost, size and weight electronic gadgets. The years 1958
to 1975 denoted the presentation of IC with broadened capacities of more than a few thousand
parts on a single chip, for example, small-scale integration, medium-large scale and very-large
scale Integration ICs.
What's more, the pattern additionally conveyed forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs
that were created during 1951 to 1958 by improving the device structuring measure and by
making more dependable and ground-breaking Transistors.
Digital Integrated circuits were one more strong IC improvement that changed the
general engineering of PCs. These ICs were created with Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL),
Integrated Injection Logic (I2L) and Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) technologies. Later these digital
ICs utilized PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design technology.
All these extreme changes in every one of these segments prompted the presentation of
chips (Microprocessors) in 1969 by Intel. Before long, the simple Integrated circuits were built
up that presented an operational amplifier for an analog signal processing. These analog circuits
includes analog multiplier, ADC and DAC converters and analog filters.
This is about the major comprehension of the electronics history. This history of electronics
technology costs more prominent venture of time, endeavors and ability from the genuine
legends, some of them are described beneath.
 Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) - Luigi Galvani was a professor in the University of Bologna. He
studied the effects of electricity on animals, especially on frogs. With the help of
experiments, he showed the presence of electricity in frogs in the year 1791.
 Charles Coulomb (1737-1806) - Charles coulomb was a great scientist of the 18th
century. He experimented with the mechanical resistance and developed coulomb’s law
of electro-static charges in the year 1799.
 Allesandro Volta (1745-1827) - Allesandro Volta was an Italian scientist. He invented
battery in the year 1799. He was the first to develop a battery (Voltaic cell) that could
produce electricity as a result of chemical reaction.
 Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1852) - Hans Christian Oersted showed that whenever a
current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is associated with it. He initiated the
study of electromagnetism and discovered Aluminum in the year 1820.
 George Simon Ohm (1789-1854) - George Simon Ohm was a German physicist. He
experimented with the electrical circuits and made his own part including the wire. He
found that some conductors worked when compared to others. He discovered Ohms
law in the year 1827, which is a relation between current, voltage& resistance. The unit
for resistance is named after him.
 Michael Faraday (1791-1867) - Michael Faraday was a British scientist and great pioneer
experimenter in electricity and magnetism. After the discovery by Oersted, he
demonstrated electromagnetic induction in the year 1831. This is the basic principle of
the working of generators.
 James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) - James Clerk Maxwell was a British physicist, and he
wrote treatise on magnetism and electricity in the year 1873. He developed the
electromagnetic field equations in the year 1864. The equations in it were explained and
predicted by hertz’s work and faradays’ work. James Clerk Maxwell formulated an
important theory – that is, electromagnetic theory of light.
 Henrich Rudolph Hertz (1857-1894) - Henrich Rudolph Hertz was a German physicist
born in 1857 in Hamburg. He demonstrated the electromagnetic radiation predicted by
Maxwell. By using experimental procedures, he proved the theory by engineering
instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses. He was the first person to
demonstrate the photo-electric effect. The unit of frequency was named Hertz in his
honorarium.
 Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836) - Andre Marie Ampere was a French mathematician
and physicist. He studied the effects of electric current and invented solenoid. The SI
unit of electric current (the Ampere) was named after him.
 Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) - Karl Friedrich Gauss was a physical scientist and a
greatest German mathematician. He contributed too many fields like algebra, analysis,
statistics, electrostatics and astronomy. The CGS unit of magnetic field density was
named after him.
 Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891) - Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist.
He investigated terrestrial magnetism with his friend Carl fried rich. He devised an
electromagnetic telegraph in the year 1833, and also established a system of absolute
electrical units, and the MKS unit of flux was named after Weber.
 Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1932) - Thomas Alva Edison was a businessman and an
American inventor. He developed many devices like, practical electric bulb, motion
picture camera, photograph and other such things. While inventing the electric lamp, he
observed the Edison effect.
  Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) - Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction
motor; alternating current (AC); electrical supply system that includes a transformer; 3-
phase electricity and motor. In 1891, Tesla coil was invented and used in electronic
equipment, television and radio sets. The unit of magnetic field density was named after
him.
 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) - Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist.
He developed Kirchhoff’s law that allows calculation of the voltages, currents and
resistance of electrical networks.
 James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) - James Prescott Joule was a brewer and an English
physicist. He discovered the law of conservation of energy. The unit of energy – Joule
was named in his honor. To develop the scale of temperature, he worked with Lord
Kelvin.
 Joseph Henry (1799-1878) - Joseph Henry was an American scientist, and independently
discovered electromagnetic induction in the year 1831 – a year before faraday’s
discovery. The unit of induction was named after him.
 Lee De Forest (1873-1961) - Lee de forest was an American inventor, and he invented
the first triode vacuum tube: Audion tube in 1906. He was honored as the father of
radio.
 Walter schottky (1886-1997) - Walter schottky was a German physicist. He defined shot
noise-random electron noise in thermionic tubes, and invented the multiple grid
vacuum tube.
 Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954) - Edwin Howard Armstrong was an inventor and
an American electrical engineer. He invented electronic oscillator and regenerative
feedback. In 1917, he invented super-heterodyne radio and patented FM radio in the
year 1933.

Sources:
https://www.elprocus.com/know-about-brief-history-of-electronics-and-their-generations/
https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/history-electricity/