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    Internal and External Changes

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    Kian Lawley
    External changes to languages come from language contact, speaker innovation, or social/political identity factors and are unpredictable, while internal changes occur through processes like dropping inflections and reanalyzing word categories, and are more predictable due to how children learn language. The document discusses how external changes can impact a language's grammar or sounds, and internal changes may become identity markers, though prescriptive rules can inhibit internal changes being taught in schools.

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    Internal and External Changes

    Uploaded by

    Kian Lawley
    392 views2 pages
    External changes to languages come from language contact, speaker innovation, or social/political identity factors and are unpredictable, while internal changes occur through processes like dropping inflections and reanalyzing word categories, and are more predictable due to how children learn language. The document discusses how external changes can impact a language's grammar or sounds, and internal changes may become identity markers, though prescriptive rules can inhibit internal changes being taught in schools.

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    3. Internal and External Changes

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    External changes to languages come from language contact, speaker innovation, or social/political identity factors and are unpredictable, while internal changes occur through processes like dropping inflections and reanalyzing word categories, and are more predictable due to how children learn language. The document discusses how external changes can impact a language's grammar or sounds, and internal changes may become identity markers, though prescriptive rules can inhibit internal changes being taught in schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    392 views2 pages

    Internal and External Changes

    Uploaded by

    Kian Lawley
    External changes to languages come from language contact, speaker innovation, or social/political identity factors and are unpredictable, while internal changes occur through processes like dropping inflections and reanalyzing word categories, and are more predictable due to how children learn language. The document discusses how external changes can impact a language's grammar or sounds, and internal changes may become identity markers, though prescriptive rules can inhibit internal changes being taught in schools.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    External and Internal Changes

    The question of language change is really a question of why varieties develop within a
    language. For instance, Canadian and South African English have developed their own
    identities even though they are still ‘English’ in their grammars.

    In this section, we will discuss something known as external and internal change.
    a. External Changes
    • External changes are brought by language contact, innovation by speakers, or
    issues of political or social identity.
    • External changes are unpredictable ( since it is impossible to foresee who will
    migrate where, or what fashion will catch on)
    • They are sometimes the easiest to trace as, for instance, in examining when
    loanwords first appear in a language.

    b. Internal Changes
    • Internal changes occur when, for instance, speakers stop using endings (or
    inflec- tions) and start to rely on words such as of, for, the, and have.
    • They are more predictable
    • Internal reasons have to do with children analyzing the language they hear in a
    slightly different way from the generation before them
    • Internal change also occurs when the category of a word is reanalyzed

    External Changes Internal Changes


    There has been little opposition to There are, however, factors that inhibit
    incorporating new words into English. internal change, namely prescriptive rules.
    These rules typically have to be explicitly
    taught in school and include ‘don’t split infini-
    tives’ (such as boldly go and ‘don’t end
    sentences with a preposition’. The use of the
    ‘proper’ case endings, such as whom, and the
    third person -s are also strongly encouraged.

    Often the changes caused by external Internal changes, such as the frequent use of
    factors lead to changes in the actual like by certain age groups or Canadian eh, can
    grammar or sound system. in turn become markers of identity
    Satu slide isi 3 gambar ini tapi yang paling gede yang tabelnya hehe:
    External influences on English and pre-English

    Scadinavians Raided and Plundered Britain

    Battle of Hastings

    Slide selanjutnya:

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