CVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
Mini / Major Project Report Structure

The sequel of pages and their hierarchical arrangement play a pivotal role in
structuring the project report properly and interlinking the vital elements of the report
in the best possible format.

Therefore, the best structure and format that has been devised after extensively
selecting studying, analyzing and structuring myriad and versatile project reports
include the following sequel of elements and the format for all the segments are given
below:

1. Title & Cover Page

2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Acknowledgements
4. Abstract
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Figures
7. List of Tables
8. List of Symbols and Abbreviations
9. Introduction
10. Chapters
11. Results and Discussions
12. Conclusion
13. Future Scope
14. References
15. Appendices

In the above structure, the first nine pages are known as preliminary pages, and are
usually numbered with the Roman numerals as i, ii, iii, iv, and so on, except the title
page.

All the contents of the project report should be in ‘Times New Romans’ font, and
the size should be 12 throughout. All the text should be left with the ‘justified’ option
with line spacing of 1.5, but for the Figure/Table Captions single spacing should be
opted. The length of the overall document should be around 15 to 25 pages
(Excluding 1 to 8 , 14 and 15 in the above list) for it to be an effective mini project
report and 40 to 75 pages (Excluding 1 to 8 , 14 and 15 in the above list) for it to be
an effective major project report.

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 ABSTRACT PREPARATION (Strictly 1 page write up)

An abstract is an abbreviated version of project final report. For Mini / Major project
work, it is limited to a maximum of 150 words (3 paragraphs). The project abstract
appears at the beginning of the report.

An abstract should have the following five pieces:

 Introduction. This is where you describe the purpose for doing your project
or invention. Why should anyone care about the work you do? You must tell
them why. Did you explain something that should cause people to change the
way they go about their daily business? If you made an invention or developed
a new procedure how is it better, faster, or cheaper than what is already out
there? 

 Problem Statement. Identify the problem you solved or the hypothesis you
investigated.

 Procedures. What was your approach for investigating the problem? Don't go
into detail about materials unless they were critical to your success. Do
describe the most important variables if you have room.

 Results. What answer do you expect? Be specific and use numbers to describe
your results. Do not use vague terms like "most" or "some."

 Conclusions. State what your project or invention contributes to the area you
worked in. Did you meet your objectives? For an engineering project state
whether you met your design criteria.

Things to Avoid

 Avoid abbreviations or acronyms that are not commonly understood unless

you describe what they mean.
 Abstracts do not have a bibliography or citations.

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  Abstracts do not contain tables or graphs.
 For most projects, the abstract should give only minimal reference to any
earlier work.

SAMPLE ABSTRACT FORMAT (Strictly 1 page write up)

The issue of security is very paramount in any organization, especially such

organization as a bank. Therefore, we intend to aid in security of the bank by bringing
in an electronic code lock system that involves an individual to enter a password
before getting an access to some items, a room or building.

The proposed code lock system is not just the normal single-user code lock
system that required a user to insert an already programmed code to gain access to a
room or safe; it is a code lock system that has an administrative password and enable
multiple user access. By this, we mean that there is room for more than a one user
with different unique code to access the same safe or room. Also, with the kind of
security code lock system we intend to implement, if for any reason a user forgets his
password, with the help of the administrator user, the user's password can be reset to a
default password after which the user can change to a password of his choice. Lastly
the administrator has records of log of activity of a user accessing a safe or a room at
a time or whenever a user changes his password, and this will further help the
administrator to easily take security measures. The use of microcontroller, keypad,
LED display and some other electronic devices coupled together will help in
accomplishment of that.

Here an individual user must enter a password which must have been
programmed in assembly language and this is read from the microcontroller for
clarification and verification. From this project, we hope to build an alternative
security system for banks.

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Chapters

This section of the project should comprise several chapters with the
corresponding titles, and each page within these chapters must be numbered in
numerals as page numbers. The usual way of presenting these chapters is given
below.

Chapter 1: Introduction chapter. This chapter should contain brief background

information about the project, the methodology implemented for problem solving and
the outlines of the results and future scope of the project. It rarely contains drawings
and graphical illustrations.
Chapter 2: Chapter of Literature Review. It evaluates the current work with the
previous one. It depicts the current implementations that overcome the previous
problems and limitations of the project and draws the attention and focus on the
foreknowledge work that would be conducted based on the ongoing work at present.
It must be clear and simple to understand.
Chapter 3-4 or 5: These chapters describe the overall in-depth information about the
project. These chapters also involve the basic theoretical information about each and
every component & aspect of the project, such as circuit design, simulation
implementation and modelling, software implementation, statistical analysis and
calculations done, results gained, and so on.
The appropriate information should always be accompanied with pictorial
representations, tabular demonstrations, diagrams, flow charts, visible graphs, Images,
photos other representations and depictions of the project, along with simulation
results with good resolution and clarity.

Conclusion
The conclusion part summarizes the whole report by highlighting all the chapters and
their significance and the importance of the project and about the achievements.

Referencing and Appendices

The project report must be considered as a very standard report, and therefore, it
should follow all rules, guidelines and protocols of gathering and presenting
information, and implementing that and drawing conclusions out of it.

All these activities require appropriate and authentic sources of information and that

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particular information must be referenced or cited according to the copyrights and
other guidelines. Therefore, to make the report original, it should be free from
plagiarism and must follow standard citations and guidelines of citations to represent
the reference names.

The appendices of a project report should be written in Times New Roman format of
font size 10, and it should contain the information which is appropriate and added to
the main text like Embedded C program code, raw data, and so on.

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 TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Mini /Major project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted by
NAME OF THE STUDENT 1
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)
NAME OF THE STUDENT 2
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)
NAME OF THE STUDENT 3
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institution & Affiliated to JNTUH)
Ibrahimpatnam (M), Ranga Reddy (D), Telangana

2016-2020

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 TITLE OF THE PROJECT
Mini /Major project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted by
NAME OF THE STUDENT 1
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)
NAME OF THE STUDENT 2
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)
NAME OF THE STUDENT 3
(REGISTRATION NUMBER)
Under the Supervision of
Dr/Mr/Ms. Name of the faculty member
Designation

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institution & Affiliated to JNTUH)
Ibrahimpatnam (M), Ranga Reddy (D), Telangana

2016-2020
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “TITLE OF THE PROJECT” submitted to the CVR
College of Engineering, affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad by Name of Student 1 (Registration
Number), Name of Student 2 (Registration Number), Name of Student 3 (Registration Number)
is a bonafide record of the work done by the students towards partial fulfillment of
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &
Communication Engineering.

Supervisor Head of the Department

Dr./Mr./Ms. Name Dr. K. Lalithendra

Designation Professor & HOD
Department of Electronics & Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering

Place: Hyderabad

Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Completion of this project and thesis would not have been possible without the help
of many people, to whom we are very thankful. First of all, we would like to convey our
sincere thanks to Dr. K. S. Nayanathara, Principal, CVR College of Engineering for her
constant support and encouragement.

We would like to express my sincere gratitude to our supervisor, Name of the

faculty member, Designation. His/ her constant motivation, guidance and support helped us
a great deal to achieve this feat.

We would like to thank Dr. K. Lalithendra, Professor of ECE & HOD, for guiding
and inspiring us in many ways. We are also thankful to other faculty members and staff of
Electronics and Communication department for their support.

We also thank our coordinator Name of the faculty member, Designation for his/her
constant support in guiding us about the academic related work.

We wish a deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt thanks to management for providing
excellent lab facilities and tools. Finally, we thank our seniors whose guidance helped us in
this regard.

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 ABSTRACT

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 1

1.2 1

1.3 3

1.4 5

1.5 6

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 7

2.1 7

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11

2.2 23

3 PROPOSED WORK 28

3.1 Introduction 28

3.2 28

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 61

6.1 Conclusion 61

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6.2 Future Scope 61
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C

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 LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Description of figure Page No

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 LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Description of Table Page No

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LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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