Load Estimation of a Building

EEG205 Electrical Installation

 The number of the electrical outlets (i.e.
lights, socket outlets, A/C's, water
heaters, etc.) which are very essential to
be known in order to draw the electrical
plans.
 The total connected load of the building
from which the following can be
determined:
 Type of the electrical service required
Design Example:
 Design the electrical installation system for
a small apartments attached and determine
the following:
 The number of the electrical outlets and
their load using the tables provided for
estimation
 The total connected load of the building
 Determine the no. of final circuits to be
supplied from the distribution board.
Domestic Plan
 A . GENERAL ILLUMINATION LEVELS
LOCATION AV. LIGHTING W/M2 LOCATION AV. LIGHTING W/M2
Drawing living dining, hells 20 – 24 Study, library 15 – 38

Kitchen, bathrooms 25 – 30 Shops 20 – 30

Bedrooms 10 – 15 Offices 16 – 38

Stare case, landing 10 – 15 Mosques 11 – 30

Stores , garage 5.5 - 6 Computer rooms 16 - 27

B . ESTIMATION OF LIGHTING LOAD

LOCATION LUX LOCATION LUX LOCATION LUX

Drawing living dining 300 Staircase, Loading 150 Shop, cold store 300

Kitchen, study, reading 300 Stores, verandahs 150 Class rooms, labs 500

Bedrooms 150 garage, car park 75 Reassurance 300

bathrooms 150 Halls, Majlis 200 Fine hand work 1000

 C.ESTIMATION OF 13-A RING MAIN SOCKET OUTLETS
(Note: Generally for each 100 m2 of floor area, one ring
main circuit having maximum of 10 socket outlets is
allowed. )
FLOOR AREA NO. OF SOCKETS FLOOR AREA NO. OF SOCKETS

Up to 20 m2 2 60 to 80 m2 5 to 6

20 to 40 m2 3 to 4 80 to 90 m2 6 to 7

40 to 60 m2 4 to 5 90 to 100 m2 7 to 8

D.ESTIMATION OF AIR CONDITION LOAD

(Note: Generally for residential buildings, a load of 70 to 100
walls per m2 of floor area is sufficient of air conditioning
Cpurposes)
APACITY THERMAL UNITS CURRENT POWER
1 TON 12000 PTU/Hr 8A 1.63 kW
1.5 TON 18000 PTU/Hr 11.5 A 2.33 kW
2 TON 24000 PTU/Hr 11.5 A 3 kW
2.5 TON 30000 PTU/Hr 16.2 A 3.3 kW
3 TON 36000 PTU/Hr 18.1 A 3.7 kW
F: Standard size of Miniature circuit Breakers
(MCB)

5 A, 6 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A, 25 A, 30 A,
45 A, 60 A, 63 A, 75 A, 100 A, 125 A,
150 A.
Load Estimation
 Bedrooms 1,2: Area = 5X 6 = 30 m2
Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg.
lighting=10W/m2
Therefore lighting load = 10 X 30 =300 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 300/100 = 3 (assuming 100
W for each lighting outlet)
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan)
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load for 30 m2 area: no. of socket = 3
 A/C load Estimation:
From table D: load per m2 assumed to be = 70 W/ m2
Therefore A/C load = 30 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 2.1 kW
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 1.5 ton A/C: load =
2.35 kW
Cont..
 Kitchen: area = 4.2 X 4 = 16.8 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg. lighting per m2
= 25 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 16.8 X 25 = 420 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 420/100 = 4.2 (4 to 5) ( use
twin tube fluorescent light fixture) (assuming 100 W
for each lighting outlet)
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan) + 1 (Exhaust fan) = 2
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load: no. of socket = 2
 A/C load Estimation:
A/C load = 16.8 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 1176 W
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 1 ton A/C: load = 1.63
kW
 Cont..
 Bath 1: area = 2 X 2.8 = 5.6 m2
Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg.
lighting per m2 = 25 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 5.6 X 25 = 140 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 140/100 = 1.4 = 2
No. of fans = 1 (Exhaust fan) = 1
 Water heater : one W/H is required of load
= 1500 W
Cont..
 Dinning Room: Area = 5 X 4 = 20 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg. lighting per m2
= 20 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 20X 20 = 400 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 400/100 = 4
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan) = 1
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load for 20 m2 area: no. of socket = 2
 A/C load Estimation:
From table D: load per m2 assumed to be = 70 W/ m2
Therefore A/C load = 20 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 1400W = 1.4
kW kW
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 1 ton A/C: load = 1.63
kW
Cont..
 Living Room: Area = 57X 6 = 42 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg. lighting per m2
= 20 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 42X 20 = 840 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 840/100 = 8. ( 8 to 9)
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan) = 1
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load for 42 m2 area: no. of socket = 4
 A/C load Estimation:
From table D: load per m2 assumed to be = 70 W/ m2
Therefore A/C load = 42 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 2940W = 2.9
kW
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 2 ton A/C: load = 3 kW
Cont..
 Hall: Area = 3.8 X 5.7 = 21.66 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg. lighting per m2
= 20 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 21.66X 20 = 433 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 433/100 = 4.3 ( 4 to 5)
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan) = 1
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load for 20 m2 area: no. of socket = 3
 A/C load Estimation:
From table D: load per m2 assumed to be = 70 W/ m2
Therefore A/C load = 21.66 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 1516W =
1.5 kW kW
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 1 ton A/C: load = 1.63
kW
Cont..
 Bath 2: area = 3.5 X 3.5 = 12.25 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg.
lighting per m2 = 12 W/ m2
Therefore lighting load = 12.25 X 25 =
306.25 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 306/100 = 3
9one for wash basin and two for wall or
ceiling)
No. of fans = 1 (Exhaust fan) = 1
 Water heater: one W/H is required of load
= 1500 W
 Cont..
 Study room :Area = 5X 4 = 20 m2
 Lighting Estimation: from Table B: Avg. lighting = 16 W/
m2
Therefore lighting load = 20 m2 X 16 W/m2 =320 W
Thus No. of light outlets = 320/100 = 3 (assuming 100 W for
each lighting outlet) ( 3 to 4)
No. of fans = 1 (ceiling fan)
 13 A socket outlets:
From table C: load for 20 m2 area: no. of socket = 2
 A/C load Estimation:
From table D: load per m2 assumed to be = 70 W/ m2
Therefore A/C load = 20 m2 X 70 W/ m2 = 1.4 kW
From table D: suitable A/C unit is 1 ton A/C: load = 1.63 kW
 Total Load calculation
 Lighting load: no. of light and fan outlet = 51
each assumed 100 W
Total lighting load = 51 X 100
 13 A socket load: since load of each socket =
400 and no. of socket = 21
Total socket outlet load = 21 X 400
 A/C load
Total A/C load = 2.35 X 2 + 1.63 X 4 + 3
 W/H load
Total water heater load = 1.5 X 2
 Total connected load = 5100 + 8400 + 14220 +
3000 = 30720 W = 30.72 kW
 Table of load
TABLE1: TABULATION OF VARIOUS ELECTRICAL LOADS

13- A
LIGHT AND FAN LOAD A. C. Water Heater
Location Sockets
Lights fans bells Total No. ph. No. ph. No. Kw ph. No. Kw ph
Bedroom 1 3 1 4 R1 3 R6 1 2.35 R5 - - -
Bedroom 2 3 1 4 R1 3 R6 1 2.32 Y5 - - -
Kitchen 4 2 6 R2 2 Y6 1 1.63 R3 - - -
Bath 1 2 1 3 R2 - - - - - 1 1.5 Y7
Store 1 - 1 R2 1 R6 - - - - - -
Dining room 4 1 5 Y1 2 Y6 1 1.63 Y3 - - -
Living room 8 1 9 Y2 4 B6 1 3 B3 - - -
Hall 4 2 6 B1 3 Y6 1 1.63 R4 - - -
Bath 2 3 1 4 B2 - - - - - 1 1.5 B7
Study 4 1 5 B2 2 B6 1 1.63 B4 - -
Care park 4 - 4 Y1 1 B6 - - - - - -

Total 40 11 51 21 7 2
 Determination of main MCB rating
and intake cable size

 MCB rating
The estimated total connected load = 30.72 kW
Since it is > 20 kW, hence 3-phase 415 V, 4-
wire supply will be considered
Diversity factor = 80% (i.e. 80% of the total
connected load is expected to be used at
the same time)
 The total diversity load = diversity factor X
total connected load = 0.8 X 30.72 =
24.576 kW
 Cont..
 The full load
P 245 k
I FL = = = 402 A
3 × VL × p. f 3 × 415 × 0.86

 From table F:
 Suitable Main MCB rating = 45 A (3-phase)
 Determination of the no. of final
circuits and size of D.B

 Lighting circuits:
 Total lighting load = 5100 W ( from
table 1)
 According to Bahrain regulations:
 Maximum load per lighting circuit
protected by 5 A MCB = 1000 W
 No. of lighting circuit required =
5100/1000 = 5.1 (6 circuits)
 Cont..
 Ring main circuits
 According to Bahrain regulation:
 Maximum no. of sockets per ring main
circuit = 10
 And since total no. of sockets outlets = 21
 No. of R.M circuits =21/10 = 2.1 ( 3
circuits)
 Hence, no. of sockets per circuit = 21/3 =
7 sockets
 i.e. each ring main circuit will consists of 7
sockets.
Cont..

 A/C circuits
 According to Bahrain regulation:
 Each single phase A/C unit should
be a separate final circuit
 No. of A/C circuits = 7 ( from
table 1)
 Cont..

 Water heater circuits:

 Also each W/H should be supplied
by a separate final circuit
 Hence, no of W/H circuits = 2 ( from
table 1)
 Minimum no of final circuits = 18
circuits
Final Electrical Plan