Bulk Carriers

Technical expertise and high standards you can count on

 Yun Cai
Ship Type Expert
Bulk Carrier
Phone: +86 21 23308 729
[email protected]

“The turbulent bulk carrier market and increasingly stringent

regulations are forcing operators to improve their vessels and
fleets. GL has engineered a range of advanced tools that do
just that. We work together with shipowners, shipyards and
designers to boost the design of bulk carriers for future-proof
transport.”

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 Introduction

Expert support for

safe and economic
transports
Bulk carriers today have to be flexible and able to withstand ÂÂ operational flexibility (loading speed and flexibility,
the rigours of their tasks – whether they are transporting dry cargo hold cleaning, loading gears)
bulk goods, any other type of unpackaged wares or even
ÂÂ ship design in line with port restrictions and based on
dangerous cargoes. With over 145 years of experience in the
Panama Canal dimensions
maritime industry, Germanischer Lloyd (GL) is the ideal partner
for all your bulk carrier needs. From traditional classification ÂÂ carry cargoes that may liquefy
and certification services to expert consultation, advanced
ÂÂ energy efficiency and fuel savings, for instance with
engineering and training.
the ECO-Assistant onboard

ÂÂ Maximise the deadweight by structural optimisation

Current market environment and trends
Like nearly all markets within the shipping industry, the bulk Because early design decisions determine 80% of final cost
carrier market is also facing challenges. There is currently an and benefits, GL provides comprehensive consultation during
oversupply of vessels sailing in the seas, which has caused a the first stage of newbuildings to ensure economic operations.
decrease in charter rates. Furthermore, contracting hit rock At the same time, our GL experts also cater to the needs of
bottom in 2012. However, for both of these sectors, there is in-service fleets, supporting green retrofitting projects.
light at the end of the tunnel: a notable amount of scrapping
took place in 2012 and contracting is expected to climb to
over 20 mGT by 2015, up from 12 mGT in 2012.
Good outlook for the future
The growth for fleet sizes is expected to weaken in the future,
At the same time, the demand for dry bulk goods remains while yearly volume of bulk carrier deliveries will level out in
positive. Overall growth rates of between 4% and 5% are the mid-term. What’s more, prices for both newbuildings and
forecast for the mid-term. This positive outlook is also reflected second-hand vessels will remain at their low levels or even decline
in the increase in fleet sizes: from 2009 to 2011, they grew an further. All in all, this will lead to a more stable market, with
average of 15% annually, with deliveries reaching their peak the larger-sized vessels equipped to handle changing demands.
in 2012. The sizes of the ship themselves are likewise growing,
for instance many shipowners are opting for a 64,000 DWT Upcoming regulations will also be pivotal in determining the
design to do the job of 57,000 DWT. efficiency of bulk carriers. The future harmonised Common
Structural Rules (CSR-H) and ballast water convention will
Throughout all areas of the shipping industry, energy efficiency affect operators and shipyards alike. Although there is showing
is the key issue. With the aim to increase the energy efficiency to be general interest in liquefied natural gas (LNG) as ship
of new bulk carriers, the International Maritime Organisation fuel, operators are hesitant to transfer to LNG at this time.
has adopted the Energy Efficiency Design Index, which entered However, thanks to GL’s ongoing research projects in cooper-
into force on 1 January 2013. This is putting added pressure ation with renowned companies, LNG is slowly on the way to
on all stakeholders to find ways of improving the design of mainstream use.
newbuildings.
From our Head Office in Hamburg, Germany, the global
Germanischer Lloyd network spans over 200 locations in 80
GL meets all bulk carrier requirements countries, putting a worldwide network at your service wher-
With Germanischer Lloyd on your side, you have a competent ever and whenever you need it. As a classification society, we
global partner who can support you in significantly increasing accompany the design and construction of all bulk carriers,
vessel efficiency. We offer a range of technical tools for oper- and provide expert advice on special cargo transportation as
ators and shipyards alike which is engineered to enhance: well as support in matters of flag state consultation.

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The ideal solution
for every bulk carrier
owner or operator
The “workhorses of the Seven Seas”, bulk carriers have to work ÂÂ Corrosion protection – advice and support in corrosion
under extreme conditions and require intelligent solutions to protection and coating systems in general
operate effectively throughout a long working life. Germanischer
ÂÂ Fuel oil tank protection – advice and support in the best
Lloyd is the ideal partner for your bulk carrier fleet. We sup-
possible arrangement to ensure compliance with MARPOL
port you in optimising the operational efficiency and safety of
regulations
bulk carriers by the use of advanced structural analyses. What’s
more, our GL CSR consulting service provides proactive support
Germanischer Lloyd also offers a host of certification options.
in optimising weight increases caused by application of the
For instance, equipment certification for anchoring, lifting,
IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR).
mooring and more, as well as class and statutory certification.
GL is authorised by more than 120 flag states to carry out ship
As one of the only classification societies to do so, German-
safety inspections on their behalf in accordance with SOLAS,
ischer Lloyd offers comprehensive training of personnel for
MARPOL and load line requirements, to name just a few. Even
bulk carrier regulations and operations. The GL Academy is
if your bulk carrier is not classed by GL, you are still able to
“where experts learn more“, offering a range of seminars
benefit from our expert certification services.
around the world.

Support for fleets in service

Support for newbuilding projects
To remain competitive and comply with a range of current
Germanischer Lloyd has specialised bulk carrier experts
and upcoming regulations, existing bulk carriers need special
around the world. They are at your service with a range
attention paid to their condition and ways to remain efficient
of solutions, among others:
in a sea of newer vessels.
ÂÂ Pre-contract services – advisory services to shipowners
and shipyards on technical and operational issues before GL’s bulk carrier surveyors around the globe are ready to assist
the classification agreement is signed you with:
ÂÂ Plan approval – thorough evaluation of drawings and ÂÂ Condition Assessment Surveys (CAS) – for both the hull
manuals for compliance with class rules and statutory as well as the machinery, electrical installations and cargo-
regulations related systems to provide an overview of their condition
ÂÂ Project coordination – appointment of a single project ÂÂ Damage and repair proposals – you can call on GL’s experi-
manager between owner and shipyard for all class- ence and expertise wherever and whenever an incident
related matters occurs, with 24/7 assistance around the world

CPO ASIA
LOA x B x D: 292.02 x 45.00 x 24.80 m
Gross tonnage: 94,250
Deadweight: 179,558 t
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5,
Bulk Carrier, ESP, CSR, BC-A,
{holds 2, 4, 6, 8 may be empty},
GRAB [25 t], DBC, IW
Class notation machinery: 7 MC, AUT

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 The ideal solution for every bulk carrier owner or operator

ÂÂ Emergency Response Service – within a short space of time, It includes GL Pegasus, a specialised software tool – based on a
GL can simulate a ship’s condition and advise on damage 3D model of the vessel – for quicker generation of reports by
stability and residual strength as well as recommend salvage thickness measurement companies. This gives all stakeholders
measures a complete overview of the hull structure condition, enabling
optimised planning of repair and maintenance.
ÂÂ Port State Controls – GL offers guidelines for onboard
maintenance to minimise the risk of being detained by
With more than 100,000 survey orders, Germanischer Lloyd’s
the port authorities
fleet online is one of the most highly used tools available free
ÂÂ High standard compliance – issuance of full-term certificates, of charge for GL customers. GL’s fleet online is a Web-based
class extensions and condition and admission-to-class fleet management system to manage an entire fleet. In just a few
surveys steps, this tool allows surveys to be planned, ordered, monitored
and coordinated to best fit in with ship deployment schedules.
Germanischer Lloyd also offers the Hull Lifecycle Programme Shipowners and operators can access the current positions
(HLP), a class notation for shipowners and operators that of their ships online, allowing them to monitor arrivals and
assesses the condition of the ship’s hull throughout its life cycle. departures more precisely and plan deployment more exactly.

UBC ONSAN MSC ANASTASIA

LOA x B x D: 260.50 x 43.00 x 20.91 m LOA x B x D: 229.90 x 38.00 x 20.78 m
Gross tonnage: 65,976 Gross tonnage: 51,168
Deadweight: 118,590 t Deadweight: 92,214 t
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5, Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5,
Bulk Carrier, ESP, CSR, BC-A, Bulk Carrier, ESP, CSR, BC-A,
{holds 2, 4, 6 may be empty}, {holds 2, 4, 6 may be empty},
GRAB [30 t], DBC, BWM, IW, ERS GRAB [20 t], DBC, BWM, IW
Class notation machinery: 7 MC, AUT, EP Class notation machinery: 7 MC,
AUT, CM-PS, EP

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Optimised trim for every cargo Tailor-made monitoring solutions
The influence of trim on fuel consumption is well known, It is becoming increasingly essential to avoid unexpected down-
however there is no universal optimum trim for a vessel. time. If an incident occurs that prevents the bulk carrier from
Ideal values depend not only on the hull shape and onboard carrying on with the job, this can lead to heavy financial losses.
cargo, but also various operating parameters such as speed, Therefore, you need to be able to rely on ship machinery
displacement and water depth. To determine the optimal components and systems. Condition-based maintenance (CBM)
trim for each specific ship type, Germanischer Lloyd offers by Germanischer Lloyd can do the job just right. CBM as part
ECO-Assistant. This stand-alone software tool calculates the of a planned maintenance system (PMS) improves the planning
optimum dynamic trim for the specific operating conditions. of preventive maintenance activities. It uses measurement-based
The associated static trim, which may be measured in port, diagnostic methods to monitor the actual condition of a
is also computed so that the crew can adjust the static trim component without ever opening it up.
while loading the vessel.
The benefits of condition-based maintenance are clear:
Germanischer Lloyd’s ECO-Assistant is so effective in improving
ÂÂ Prevention of unexpected breakdowns of critical components
fuel efficiency that it was honoured with the Lloyd’s List Asia
Award in autumn 2012. ÂÂ Higher machinery availability and increased vessel profitability

ÂÂ Reduced fuel consumption through optimised operations

PABAL
LOA x B x D: 224.98 x 32.26 x 19.73 m
Gross tonnage: 41,213
Deadweight: 75,377 t
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5,
E1, Bulk Carrier, ESP, CSR, BC-A,
{holds 2, 4, 6 may be empty},
GRAB [25 t], DBC, DG, BWM, IW
Class notation machinery: 7 MC,
E1, AUT
Source: Harren & Partner Maritime Services GmbH

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 The ideal solution for every bulk carrier owner or operator

GL tools for smart bulk cargo transport

Germanischer Lloyd offers two key software tools for ensuring
compliance with the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes
(IMSBC) Code: GL PROTOS and GL Cargo. They not only ensure
compliance with carriage of solid bulk cargo, but also enable
easy management of moving dangerous goods.

GL PROTOS provides invaluable advice to shipowners, operators

and shipyards, reduces handling time and provides ships with
a Document of Compliance for the Carriage of Solid Bulk
Cargoes specifying the ship’s fitness in detail.

The GL Cargo database service allows users easy access to all

equipment requirements onboard a vessel. With GL Cargo, the
user can tick off the types of cargo space and goods classes,
and then leave the remaining work to the system, which auto-
matically generates a report on all requirements about cargo
Source: Harren & Partner Maritime Services GmbH holds and equipment.

In addition to these, the GL Rules Pilot helps operators stay up

to date with maritime rules and regulations. IMO, ILO and IACS
regulation change details can be accessed via filterable-rule entry
tables organised by ship type and application date.
ÂÂ Lower maintenance costs through longer periods
between overhauls

GL’s bulk carrier experts are able to draw up the best main-
Easy environmental protection overview
tenance solution for your specific needs. Our tailor-made Protection of the environment will continue to be an important
concept provides non-biased support and minimises your issue in the maritime industry. To cater to new regulations, we
investment risk. offer the GL Environmental Passport. It gives you a quick, easy
overview of the ship’s environmental protection properties by
In addition to CBM, GL offers its Condition Assessment Pro- compiling voluntary and mandatory certificates into a single
gramme (CAP) consultancy service. It provides you with an document. The GL Environmental Passport focuses on engine
independent, in-depth assessment and verification of your and incinerator emissions, pollution by sewage or rubbish and
bulk carrier’s condition. In addition to classification, CAP is an ballast water management, to name just a few.
ideal means of demonstrating the quality of the vessel and is
becoming increasingly important in preventing unexpected GL-classed ships that meet the above-mentioned requirements
downtime. CAP monitors all sections and spaces of a ship for are eligible for EP class notation. However, irrespective of class,
wear and tear, provides comprehensive documentary evidence the GL Environmental Passport is available to all stakeholders
and helps to improve safety standards and reliability. in the maritime industry.

AS VALENTIA BELTNES
LOA x B x D: 189.99 x 32.26 x 18.37 m LOA x B x D: 175.6 x 26.00 x 15.28 m
Gross tonnage: 32,929 Gross tonnage: 20,234
Deadweight: 56,823 t Deadweight: 33,173 t
Cargo gear: Crane 30 t x 28 m x 4 Cargo gear: Gravity-type self-unloading system
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5, Bulk Carrier, Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5, Bulk Carrier,
ESP, CSR, BC-A, {holds 2, 4 may be empty}, ESP, BC-B, DBC, NAV-OC, BWM, IW
GRAB [20 t], DBC, DG, BWM, IW, ERS Class notation machinery: 7 MC, AUT
Class notation machinery: 7 MC, AUT

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Bulk carrier expertise
to support shipyards
and designers
Germanischer Lloyd is the ”one-stop shop” for shipyards take into account global design aspects such as longitudinal
around the world. From the early design stage to construction and torsional strength of the hull as well as local strength and
and delivery of the bulk carrier, our advanced engineering deformation of cargo hold structures. Careful consideration
know-how and tools drive innovation and minimise costs. has to be given to interactive forces in the design of hatch
covers and hatchways. If applicable, we develop an optimised
With FutureShip, an impartial company of Germanischer Lloyd,
crane and crane foundation design that helps to maximise the
expert consultants and advanced engineering services help to
stowage area.
address the challenges of today’s bulk carrier needs. Specialised
consulting in the fields of maritime strategy, ship design and GL offers a number of state-of-the-art design and simulation
operations, and compliance is complemented by in-depth market tools to assist shipyards:
knowledge and sophisticated measurement services. From
ÂÂ GL ShipModel, a pre-processor for generating FE models for
initial concept to delivery of vessels, FutureShip provides a
global strength and vibration analysis, significantly speeds
comprehensive range of design and energy efficiency solutions
up modelling processes and enhances model quality
that enable shipowners and operators alike to reap the full
potential of their fleet. ÂÂ GL ShipLoad is the fastest tool available to help generate,
select and apply loads for global FE analysis of ship
For decades, Germanischer Lloyd has served as a competent structures at the design stage
advisor to governments, the IMO, flag states and port states.
ÂÂ An integrated calculation of crane in operation and
Therefore, we have the expert foundation for providing guid-
intersection with the hull structure
ance on compliancy with all current and upcoming regulations,
and for ensuring these are addressed as early as possible to ÂÂ Optimisation of de-ballasting capacities for high
avoid costly refits later. With our support, shipyards benefit loading rates
from a smooth shipbuilding process all the way down the line.
Since April 2006, the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR)
have been in force for all bulk carriers, single- or double-sided,
Reliable expert services of at least 90 metres in length. These rules aim to ensure robust
GL’s range of shipyard services not only includes plan approval, bulk carriers, dealing with issues such as thickness, corrosion,
project management and the coordination between the ship- critical areas and fatigue. GL has been leveraging its advanced
owner and shipyard, but also unique design solutions based engineering know-how to provide ship designers with calcula-
on advanced engineering know-how and tools. Our experts tion packages that facilitate efficient support for compliancy.

STAMFORD PIONEER
LOA x B x D: 179.91 x 28.40 x 14.45 m
Gross tonnage: 20,954
Deadweight: 32,386 t
Cargo gear: Crane 30 t x 26 m x 4
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5,
Bulk Carrier, ESP, CSR, BC-A,
{holds 2, 4 may be empty},
GRAB [20 t], DBC, DG, BWM, IW, HLP
Class notation machinery: 7 MC,
AUT, CM-PS

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4
 Bulk carrier expertise to support shipyards and designers

Advanced engineering at all vessel stages

GL’s FutureShip offers a broad spectrum of high-quality services ÂÂ Vibration and noise – noise and global vibration predictions,
that are tailored to the requirements of every phase of a bulk local tank and deck panel vibration analysis as well as mast,
carrier’s lifetime. They also help to improve a vessel’s competi- bridge wing and shaft vibration analysis
tiveness by ensuring it is safe, complies with all regulations and
sails highly efficiently. ÂÂ Risk and reliability assessment – forward-looking approach
that analyses potential threats to human life, property and
The engineering services on offer from FutureShip include, the environment, and management of identified risks during
among others: the operating life of a bulk carrier

ÂÂ Fluid dynamics – the prediction of global design, slam- ÂÂ Strength and fatigue – global and local structural strength
ming and sloshing loads, shipboard routing assistance, analyses, fatigue analysis of critical structure details, strength
dynamic stability, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis according to SCR and collision analysis
analysis of loads and cavitation of rudders, propellers
and propulsors

VEGA NEPTUNE ANTHEIA

LOA x B x D: 177.46 x 28.20 x 14.43 m LOA x B x D: 168.49 x 24.98 x 11.50 m
Gross tonnage: 19,994 Gross tonnage: 13,965
Deadweight: 31,796 t Deadweight: 21,163 t
Cargo gear: Crane 30 t x 24 m x 4 Cargo gear: Crane 25 t x 24 m x 3
Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5, E, Bulk Carrier, Class notation hull: GL 8 100 A5,
ESP, CSR, BC-A, {holds 2, 4 may be empty}, E, Bulk Carrier, ESP, BC-A, {no MP},
GRAB [20 t], DBC, IW {holds 1, 3 may be empty}, G,
Class notation machinery: 7 MC, AUT SOLAS-II-2 Reg.19, DBC, BWM, IW
Class notation machinery: 7 MC, E, AUT

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In addition to these engineering services, Germanischer Lloyd and equipment. Therefore, Germanischer Lloyd performs
offers POSEIDON, a cutting-edge preliminary design and analysis a review based on the general arrangement (GA) plan early
tool that facilitates the fast development of hull structures. on in the newbuild project stage – and then throughout the
Thanks to finite element (FE) analyses early in the design stage, vessel’s life cycle. The review supports the shipowner and
POSEIDON can improve productivity and lower costs of struc- shipyard to specify requirements regarding the comfort of
tural design. It improves ship quality and yard productivity by the crew onboard seagoing cargo vessels.
promoting the optimised distribution and weight of structural
material and speeds approval time through electronic transfer
and processing. What’s more, POSEIDON cuts cost of planned
Improved EEDI performance
maintenance and helps avoid unscheduled repairs. For each new bulk carrier above 400 GT, contracted on or after
1 January 2013, an attained Energy Efficiency Design Index
The aspect of noise and vibration onboard are particularly (EEDI) needs to be computed, and for these new ships it should
important. Not only can their strong effects in working and be equal to or less than the required EEDI set by the IMO. With
living spaces cause reduced crew performance, excessive the aim of increasing the energy efficiency of newbuildings, the
vibration can also cause damage to the structure, machinery EEDI can be optimised for bulk carriers, particularly when it

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4
 Bulk carrier expertise to support shipyards and designers

comes to hull design and propulsion performance. Germanischer Germanischer Lloyd has set out to change this by providing
Lloyd has the know-how and advanced tools to provide the right state-of-the-art GL Pegasus software. Developed to work with
solution for the shipowner’s or operator’s specific carrier needs. POSEIDON, GL Pegasus reduces the thickness measurement
(TM) process time and increases the quality of the job of
specialist companies by reducing errors and providing an easy
Advisory services for long vessel life interface to evaluate the results.

Since an optimal design solution needs to take numerous aspects

GL works together with the TM company and shipowner,
into consideration, the final layout is highly dependent on the
leveraging GL Pegasus to ensure significantly faster reporting
operational needs of the owner or shipyard. Thus, GL’s bulk
and higher quality data, with no redundant input. Thanks to
carrier experts provide valuable advice, particularly with regard
3D modelling, hotspots can be easily identified and measure-
to the impact of different solutions on the construction and
ment results immediately checked. The shipyard will also not
operation of a bulk carrier. Based on MARPOL regulations
need to make any additional drawings or manual sketches
regarding adequate protection for a bulk carrier’s fuel oil tanks,
during measurement.
as well as fuel tank capacity, cargo intake, trim and stability,
among others, GL takes a comprehensive approach in analysing
proposed tank arrangements.
GL Academy – where the experts learn
Furthermore, corrosion, too, is a decisive factor in the working
In a history going back more than 145 years, Germanischer
life of a bulk carrier. Although the IMO Performance Standard
Lloyd has gained a great deal of technical expertise and
for Protective Coatings (PSPC) only applies to ballast water
practical experience in the maritime sector. The GL Academy
tanks, double-hull bulk carriers of 150 m in length and upwards
was founded some ten years ago to channel this know-how
must have their double side skin spaces specially coated as
into further training seminars in the field of shipping and
well – even if this is simply void space. According to the PSPC,
management systems. The programme covers numerous topics
it can only be certified by an officially trained coating inspector.
of relevance to the shipping community – and is constantly
Germanischer Lloyd runs officially recognised training courses
being adapted to suit the needs of ships’ owners, operators
to qualify and certify coating inspectors to this IMO standard –
and crews as well as shipyards.
and the same expertise is available to shipyards and owners
on an advisory basis.
The GL Academy offers an analysis of a company’s further
training needs so that existing know-how and skills can be
deployed most effectively and future needs identified. By
Extra support for thickness measurement comparing existing training measures with future needs, GL
According to class rules, the hull of bulk carriers must undergo Academy develops a customised strategic training concept. In
periodical condition surveys. The procedure for these measure- addition to seminars concerning the specific bulk carrier ship
ments usually takes several days, with several days for reporting type, ship technology, ship operation and energy efficiency,
as well. This mainly manual task involves frequent copying to name just a few, the GL Academy also provides a number
of data without any electronic assessment support, and the of seminars relating to maritime rules and regulations. Please
findings are difficult to visualise. visit www.gl-academy.com for more detailed information.

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 Ship Type Expert – Shanghai Ship Type Expert – Germany Ship Type Expert – Greece
Cai, Yun Rüde, Jan Dedepsidis, Dimitris
Phone: +86 21 23308 729 Phone: +49 40 36149 4172 Phone: +30 210 42 91 681
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

www.gl-group.com

Copenhagen
Hamburg

Piraeus

Shanghai
Houston
Dubai

Singapore

Global Sales Offices

Germanischer Lloyd SE North / East Europe Middle East / Africa Mainland China
Global Sales Germanischer Lloyd Denmark A/S Germanischer Lloyd SE Branch Office Dubai Germanischer Lloyd (China) Co., Ltd.
Brooktorkai 18 Amager Strandvej 390 White Crown Bldg., Room No. 402 Shanghai Central Plaza, Room 1201
20457 Hamburg 2770 Kastrup PO Box 8015, Sheikh Zayed Road 381, Huaihai M. Road
Germany Denmark Dubai, United Arab Emirates 200020 Shanghai, China
Phone: +49 40 36149 6397 Phone: +48 91 4315302 Phone: +97 14 3328842 200 Phone: +86 21 23308 761
www.gl-group.com gs-ne@gl-group [email protected] [email protected]

Americas Central Europe Southern Europe Asia / Pacific

Germanischer Lloyd (USA), Inc Germanischer Lloyd SE Germanischer Lloyd Hellas M.E.P.E Germanischer Lloyd Singapore Pte Ltd
1155 Dairy Ashford Rd., Suite 315 Brooktorkai 18 85 Akti Miaouli 180 Clemenceau Avenue #03-01
Houston, TX 77079, USA 20457 Hamburg, Germany 185 38 Piraeus, Greece Haw Par Centre, Singapore 239922
Phone: +1 832 320 4658 Phone: +49 40 36149 3738 Phone: +30 21 04290 373 Phone: +65 6835 9610
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
0E129 · 2013-05-01

The GL Group does not warrant or assume any kind of liability for the accuracy, completeness or quality of the information provided. Liability claims against any member of the GL Group in
relation to any loss or damage arising out of or in connection with the use or non-use of information provided, including the use of incorrect or incomplete information, are excluded to the
fullest extent permissible by law. All presentations of services and products may be subject to alteration and are non-binding. Each GL Group member expressly reserves the right without
notice to change, supplement or delete parts of the pages or the entire presentation of services and products or to stop the publication temporarily or definitively.