Readings in Philippine History-Chapter 2-Lemana

Readings
in
Philippine
History
By: Prof. Jose J. Lemana
Notre Dame University – Cotabato City
Chapter 2: Content and
Contextual Analysis of
Selected Primary Sources
Lesson 1: First Voyage Around the World
The Philippine islands in 1521 has been “rediscovered” by the Spanish commissioned authority,
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator who gained confidence and support from the monarchy
of Spain. This information on rediscovery which the world is cognizant of is attributable to an Italian
chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta. The details of the world’s first circumnavigation were accurately
recorded in his journal. This chronicle serves as the lens through which the voyage and
circumnavigation of the world can be apprehended with certainty. It specifically furnishes important
details on the discovery of the islands and people inhabiting the place, these people were to be the
Filipinos’ great ancestors who lived peacefully and with abundance in the area. The comprehension of
the cultural life of these people was made possible through the chronicle of Pigafetta.
You may read Pigafetta’s excerpts through the attached docx file entitled “Pigafetta-Voyage Around
the World”
Lesson 2: Customs of the Tagalogs
The Customs of the Tagalogs is a narrative on the established culture of the Tagalogs in Luzon written
by Juan de Plasencia, a Franciscan missionary in the Tagalog region since 1578 until 1590.
The students are expected to comprehend that this document was written as an answer to the
request of the monarchy in Spain which was to provide pieces of information about the government,
administration of justice, inheritances, slaves, dowries, worship, burials, and superstition of the
“Indians” in the colony. In addition, the document is to rectify previous reports about the people’s way
of life in the region.
You may read Juan de Plasencia’s report through the attached docx file entitled “Plasencia_Report”
Lesson 3: Works of Juan Luna and
Fernando Amorsolo
Historical paintings are visual representations of concrete happenings on the life of people in a
specific period. The idea about certain events and people is communicated or expressed aesthetically
through art with form, technique, and style. Essentially, these paintings are instrumental to the
visualization of the reality which stands equally with texts, photos, caricatures, and films.
Juan Luna (1857–1899) is best known for impressive rendition of classical subjects in his academic
works. These works include historical scenes and portraiture, however subsequently he turned to
realism depicting social inequalities. In this lesson, the “Spoliarium” and “The Parisian Life” are Luna’s
paintings presented for the analysis of the students.
Fernando Amorsolo
SPOLIARIUM
19TH Century
--Juan Luna
This is the most valuable oil-on-canvass painting with a size of

4.22 meters x 7.675 meters, making it the largest painting in the
Philippines. It won First Gold Medal in 1884 as an entry to the
prestigious Exposicion de Bellas Artes in Madrid.
Fernando Amorsolo
The Parisian Life
1892
French: Interior d'un Cafi (Inside a Café’)
--Juan Luna
Fernando Amorsolo
Fernando Amorsolo (1892–1972) delights people of his impressionistic technique
depicting idyllic country scenes, beautiful maidens, and colorfully dressed peasants
planting or harvesting rice. The paintings are significant in the development of the
formation of Filipino notions of self and identity. In this lesson, the “Antipolo Fiesta” and
“Palay Maiden” paintings are presented for analysis.
Fernando Amorsolo
Antipolo Fiesta
1947
--Fernando Amorsolo
This oil painting on canvas depicts a rural scene where

a group of people are shown celebrating a fiesta in
Antipolo
Fernando Amorsolo
Palay Maiden
1920
(Dalagang Bukid)
--Fernando Amorsolo
This painting portrays a provincial Filipina beauty

or dalagang bukid during a rice harvest and dressed in
and enveloped by the colors of the Philippine flag.
Lesson 4: The Political Caricatures
Political caricature is a type of drawing that is used to present a comment, opinion, or
criticism on a particular event, person, and situation. It is also known as editorial
cartoon found in a newspaper.
Five (5) political cartoons are presented. These were derived from the book entitled
Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricatures of the American Era, 1900-1941, edited by
Alfred W. McCoy and Alfredo R. Roces (1985).
Caricature
1
Caricature
2
Caricature
3
Caricature
4
Caricature
5
Lesson 5: The Speech of Corazon C.
Aquino
You may read C. Aquino’s speech through the attached docx file entitled “Corazon Aquino-Speech”
You may likewise watch the speech through this link:

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZnnvbKyNCQ[/youtube
THIS POWER-POINT
PRESENTATION IS THE
EXCLUSIVE INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY OF PROF. JOSE J.
LEMANA, AND MAY NOT BE
WARNING!! DUPLICATED
ELECTRONICALLY IN FULL
OR IN PART OR RE-
TRANSMITTED WITHOUT THE
PRIOR CONSENT OF THE
AUTHOR

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Readings

This is the most valuable oil-on-canvass painting with a size of

This oil painting on canvas depicts a rural scene where

This painting portrays a provincial Filipina beauty

You may likewise watch the speech through this link:

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