Types of Cognitive Processes: Problem-Solving

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Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining

knowledge and comprehension. These cognitive processes include thinking,


knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving.1 These are higher-
level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination,
perception, and planning.

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology that investigates how people


think and the processes involved in cognition. 

 What Is Cognitive Psychology?

Types of Cognitive Processes


There are many different types of cognitive processes. These include:

 Attention: Attention is a cognitive process that allows people to focus


on a specific stimulus in the environment.
 Language: Language and language development are cognitive
processes that involve the ability to understand and express thoughts
through spoken and written words. It allows us to communicate with
others and plays an important role in thought.
 Learning: Learning requires cognitive processes involved in taking in
new things, synthesizing information, and integrating it with prior
knowledge.
 Memory: Memory is an important cognitive process that allows people
to encode, store, and retrieve information. It is a critical component in
the learning process and allows people to retain knowledge about the
world and their personal histories.
 Perception: Perception is a cognitive process that allows people to
take in information through their senses (sensation) and then utilize
this information to respond and interact with the world.
 Thought: Thought is an essential part of every cognitive process. It
allows people to engage in decision-making, problem-solving, and
higher reasoning

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