Unit 1: Worker Safety and Safety Culture - An Introduction

Week 2: Worker Safety
Unit 1: Worker Safety and Safety Culture –

An Introduction
Worker safety and safety culture – an introduction
In this unit you will…
▪ Learn how the right safety culture drives overall

workplace safety
▪ Understand how safety culture is defined in an
organization
▪ Understand how safety culture is implemented
© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

What is safety culture?
▪ Shared perceptions and beliefs about the value of safety

▪ “Below the water line” compared to safety climate
▪ Defined by both its level and strength
▪ Best assessed via a combination of qualitative and
quantitative methods
▪ Predictive of important employee and organizational
safety outcomes (safety motivation, safety training transfer, safety
performance, hazard ID, near miss reporting, safety incidents)
Taken from “The Psychology of a Proactive Safety Culture”, a presentation

from Dr. Autumn Kraus at the 2020 SAP EHS/PC Annual Conference
How is safety culture defined for an organization?
Generative
Safety, health, wellbeing, and environment
is how we do business here How do workers act
Proactive
when no one is
We work on the problems we continue to
find
watching?
Increasingly Calculate Increasing trust
informed We have the systems required for and accountability
managing all dangers
Reactive
Safety is important and we take appropriate
steps – whenever there‘s been an accident
Hearts and Minds safety culture ladder
Pathological Hudson 5-step ladder
Who cares – as long as we don‘t get
caught!
Source: the Health, Safety and Environment Culture Ladder (Hearts and Minds)
Organizational impact
▪ Reduced incident rates and severity →

Reduced liability costs
▪ Better operational performance
▪ Worker productivity
▪ Brand preservation
▪ Improved CSR performance
▪ Employee morale/retention

Implementation of a safety management program
Data Insight Action
Corrective action
Analytics
Safety observation Preventative action
Trends
Hazard identification Employee education
Investigation
HR information Culture change
Root cause
Maturity

Solution approach
Support from upper management

Clear definition of safety-related
values and behaviors
Full employee participation
HR Communication and education for
EHS employees
Reward and recognition program
Management systems in place for for employees
continuous improvement Employee empowerment
Proactive hazard identification and risk
mitigation
Enterprise Ease of use
Proactive identification of unsafe
conditions and acts System Ubiquitous access
Response time and scope is appropriate Anonymous reporting
Analytics
Collaboration needed between HR and EHS functions (SAP example)
SAP EHS Management,

incident management
Incident or Investigation Root Corrective Employee Central
Employee Cause Action Employee and organizational
Observed data shared directly with
SAP EHS
LMS/Success Map
Performance Management
SAP EHS Management,
health and safety Rewards and Recognition
management Workplace Risk Controls Mitigation
Hazard Evaluated Identified Action Process integration with
Identified HR actions triggered from
EHS requirements or
events

Solution approach – SAP EHS portfolio
Incident Safety
Intelligent EHS Technologies for Awareness, Automation, Ubiquity

EHS Incident Management Near Misses
Management Observations
Real Time EHS Reporting and Analytics
Action Tracking and Task Management

Chemical Chemical Operational Risk
Approval Management Assessment
EHS Health and Safety Management
Industrial Hygiene Occupational EHS Audit
and Sampling Health Management
Regulatory and Emissions Waste

EHS Environment Management Permit Compliance Management Management
Management of
Management of Change
Change
Maintenance Safety Work Clearance/

Permit to Work
LOTO
Asset Human Contractor Implementation

Management Resources Management Add-ons
Supporting applications
Solution approach – how SAP EHS drives workplace safety
Reduce Incident Proactive Safety Proactive Safety

EHS Incident Management
Rates Culture Culture
Control of Real-Time Chem. Reduced

Chemicals Onsite Inventory Operational Risk
EHS Health and Safety Management
Minimize WP Protocol-Driven Integrated CAPA
Exposures Medical Services Tracking
Ensure Emissions
EHS Environment Management Compliance Management
Reduced Risk from

Management of Change
Changes
Maintenance Safety Better Control Prevent Safety

of Work Violations

Tracking and improving safety performance
Fatality
Reactive Low Frequency
There are a large number of metrics that can be Major Incident
tracked to provide management with an accurate
assessment of how an organization is doing with Minor Injury/Damage
respect to safety.
Near Misses
Lagging Indicators Proactive High Frequency
Unsafe Acts or Conditions
▪ Number of incidents and injuries
▪ Incident rates The Accident Pyramid
▪ Total lost workdays
▪ Employee Satisfaction survey results
Leading Indicators
▪ Hazard observations
▪ Root-cause analysis
▪ Percentage of workers with safety training completed
▪ Number of safety inspections completed
Summary
The safety culture within an Benefits of a strong safety The EHS and HR functions in an
organization is a shared culture include reduced organization must collaborate to
perception of the value of safety. incidents, better morale, and drive workplace safety.
more productivity.

Thank you.
Contact information:
[email protected]
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The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its
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These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or
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Unit 2: Incident Management – How Can We Learn
from Incidents?
Incident management – how can we learn from incidents?
▪ Learn about the different aspects of EHS incidents

and how to improve your safety culture
▪ Get an understanding of leading and lagging
indicators, root-cause analysis, and high potential
incidents
▪ Notice how an integrated approach with SAP EHS
will help you to enforce your safety culture

What is an EHS incident?
EHS Incident:
An unplanned or unintended workplace-related
occurrence that caused, or had the potential to
cause injury, illness, property and/or material
damage or loss.
Examples:
▪ Unsafe conditions or behaviors
▪ Near misses
▪ Injuries, illnesses, fatalities
▪ Damage to equipment, product
▪ Spills and releases
▪…

What is the difference between accident/incident, near miss, and safety observation?
Accident
An unexpected event which results in serious injury to or illness of an employee and may also result in
property damage.
Incident
An instance of something happening, an unexpected event or occurrence that doesn't result in
serious injury or illness but may result in property damage.
Near Miss
An “active” circumstance, i.e. an event takes place and fortunately does not result in an injury.
In workplaces, near miss situations are common occurrences, though they are often ignored. However, near
misses can be looked on as a free lesson to learn how to prevent accidents from occurring.
Safety Observation
A “passive” circumstance, i.e. there is a situation, behavior, or condition that could potentially result in
an incident.

What is the Incident Pyramid and what is the reasoning behind it?
Death
Major
Incidents Investigation
incl. root-cause
analysis
Injuries
Near Misses
Generally no
Safety Observations investigation

What are root-cause analysis methods?
5-Why Analysis
The” 5-Why Analysis” or “Why-Why Analysis” is a technique devised to
identify the root cause by asking “Why” five times.
Fishbone Diagram
Also known as the Ishikawa diagram or cause and effect diagram,
learning how to use a fishbone diagram for root-cause analysis will help
you categorize all of the different factors that led to an issue.
Pareto Analysis
Pareto analysis is based on the Pareto Principle, which states, “For
many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes”.
FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)

FMEA is a part of the robust Six-Sigma toolset for measuring process
improvement. FMEA is a highly systematic approach for identifying and
analyzing potential failures in processes and systems.

What are leading and lagging indicators?
Lagging indicators measure the occurrence and

frequency of events that occurred in the past, such as
the number or rate of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
Leading indicators measure events leading up to

injuries, illnesses, and other incidents and reveal
potential problems in your safety and health program.
Good leading indicators are based on SMART principles,

meaning they are:
▪ Specific
▪ Measurable
▪ Accountable
▪ Reasonable
▪ Timely

What is a “High Potential Incident”?
The term ‘one barrier from a catastrophe’ is often used in

connection with High Potential Incidents (HiPos) and
succinctly describes incidents that could have been much
worse but for one factor.
This one factor is often luck, such as an individual’s actions

or location, an item of equipment, the time of day, or even
the weather.
Focusing on HiPos requires companies to change their

focus from a reactive view of responding to incidents
towards a proactive examination of the conditions that lead
to major accidents.
It also requires companies to reassess what they view as

success and focus on the adequacy of their controls.

What are best practices for an incident management process?
General best practice guideline (not only for managing EHS incidents):
Be prepared …… Be Responsible …… Communicate ……Take Action …… Share Learnings
…… Give Feedback!
Internal/
Automatic Incident
Investigation Regulatory
Initial Notification Processing
Reporting
Incident Incident
Entry Incident Manager Incident Manager Investigation Incident Manager Statistic
Lead
Incident
Corrective
Reporter Incident Root-Cause
Actions
Manager Analysis
Determination Incident
Closure
Control Corrective
Effectiveness Actions Incident Manager
Evaluation Completion
Industrial Hygienist Implementer/Responsible

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC /Approver 9
How can SAP software help to manage the process?
Corporate Lack of transparency into daily operations

– Accountable but not aware/informed
EHS Management
Individual employees are Operations Site-level management and

not engaged in integrated
leadership are drowning in data
programs – no feedback on
and have too many tools – they
information submitted to
are frustrated!
management

How can SAP software help to manage the process? … Demo Incident Management


Thank you.
[email protected]
Follow all of SAP

warranty.
Unit 3: Chemicals in the Workplace – How to Ensure
Safety and Compliance
Chemicals in the workplace – how to ensure safety and compliance
▪ Learn about chemicals in the workplace and the risks

they can cause.
▪ Identify best practices to deal with hazardous
chemicals in your plant.
▪ Be surprised how SAP can help you to manage your
operations with chemicals in a sustainable manner
by simultaneously keeping your license to operate!

What are chemicals in the workplace?
Examples of hazardous chemicals include:
Paints, drugs, cosmetics, cleaning chemicals, degreasers,

detergents, gas cylinders, refrigerant gases, pesticides,
herbicides, diesel fuel, petrol, liquefied petroleum gas,
welding fumes, asbestos, flammable liquids, gases,
corrosives, chemically reactive or acutely (highly) toxic
substances.

What risks are related to chemicals? (Part 1)
Hazardous chemicals are substances that can cause

adverse health effects such as poisoning, breathing problems,
skin rashes, allergic reactions, allergic sensitization, cancer,
and other health problems from exposure (lung, ingestion,
skin).
Therefore Occupational Exposure Limits have been set up to

mitigate the risk of so-called “occupational diseases”.
The majority of all occupational diseases are caused by

hazardous chemicals e.g. benzene, organic solvents,
cadmium, lead, chromium VI compounds, or asbestos.

What risks are related to chemicals? (Part 2)
Many hazardous chemicals are also classified as dangerous goods.

These can cause fires, explosions, corrosion, and dangerous reactions
if not handled safely.
Here some examples of disasters which have happened in the last
50 years and the related hazardous chemicals:
Date Event Country Root Cause Hazardous Chemical Deaths Injured
(min.) persons
(min.)
07.10.1976 Seveso Italy Uncontrolled “Dioxin” TCDD > 200
chemical reaction
12.03.1984 Bhopal India Uncontrolled Methyl isocyanate, 3800 > 500000

chemical reaction amongst others
10.23.1989 Houston Chemical USA Fire and explosion Polyethylene 23 314
Complex
08.12.2015 Storage Area China Explosions Sodium cyanide, calcium 173[12] 797
Tianjin carbide, ...
08.04.2020 Beirut Harbor Lebanon Explosions Ammonium nitrate 130 > 5000

Which regulations do employers need to deal with?
There are hundreds of individual regulations on how to deal

with hazardous chemicals in relation to workplace safety.
Just to name of few of them …
▪ GefStoffV – Gefahrstoffverordnung (Hazardous
Substances Ordinance)
▪ COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
▪ TSCA – Toxic Substances Control Act
▪ Seveso III-Richtlinie (Seveso-Directive (2012/18/EU))
▪ Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act
(EPCRA)

What is a best practice to deal with chemicals in the workplace?
New
Chemical
Requested
Define
Approval
Team Data Create and Update
Automatic Evaluate Chemical Provider Hazardous Substance
Notification Request Approved Inventories and Safety
Execute
Instructions
Approval
SAP EHS Hazardous
Checklist
Substance Chemical
Manager Hazardous Data
Substance Entered
Manager Automatic Initiate and Complete
Notification Risk Assessments
Vendor
SAP EHS MSDS Industrial
Uploaded Hygienist
Hazardous
Substance
Manager
How can frontline workers be informed about chemical risks?
All hazardous chemicals-related regulations also

describe how workers need to be informed about the
risks that are linked with the use of these chemicals,
e.g. first aid and conduct in the event of danger.
Often, there is even a dedicated format given e.g. in

Germany the so-called “Gefahrstoffbezogene
Betriebsanweisung” or in other countries Safety /
Operating Instructions.
And most importantly … they need to be written in a

way that they can be understood by everyone
(symbols, user language, …)

Getting an overview of the chemicals used in production
There are legal requirements like e.g. SARA Reporting

(Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) in the
US, or the “Gefahrstoffverzeichnis” in Germany, in which
the content of a so-called hazardous substance inventory
is described.
The best way to create these hazardous substance

inventories is to combine material amount information
from production and storage systems with hazardous
chemical information from EHS and Product Compliance
to automatically create an overview of the amounts used
in the plant.
This information can also be used as input for a risk

assessment.


Thank you.
[email protected]
Follow all of SAP

warranty.
Unit 4: Hazards and Risk for Workers – How to
Identify and Mitigate Them
Hazards and risk for workers – how to identify and mitigate them
▪ Learn about the full process of initially identifying hazards

in the workplace, assessing risk, and mitigating that risk
▪ Understand how different types of hazards are handled
▪ Understand how industrial hygienists and occupational
health practitioners are directly involved in the risk
management process

Some types of workplace hazards
Exposure/Chemical Slips and Falls Health Risks

Business process
Identify
Hazards
Supervisor
Assign Risk to
Risk Analysis Risk Analysis
Risk Risk Evaluation Risk Mitigation
(inherent / initial) (residual)
Assessment
Supervisor Industrial Hygienist Industrial Hygienist Industrial Industrial Hygienist

Hygienist
Control
Inspection
Technician

Identify hazards
▪ In the field or at shop floor level, hazards in the

workplace need to be discovered, categorized,
and reported
▪ EHS practitioners create the culture and the
mechanisms for the workforce to proactively
identify those hazards
▪ Reporting and notification processes are put in
place to ensure the appropriate personnel learn
of the hazards and trigger the full risk
assessment process

Assess risk
▪ Once details of reported hazards are collected

and potential impact is determined, EHS
practitioners must assess the overall risk posed
▪ Risk assessments can be as simple as
determining the severity and the probability of a
risk causing issues, or as complex as utilizing
sampling data, statistics, etc.
▪ The final objective is to understand what level of
risk is posed by the reported hazards and
communicate that to the appropriate
stakeholders

Control risk
▪ The type of risk and the level of risk are reviewed to determine what controls are appropriate.
▪ Existing controls may already be in place, but risk remains. New controls may be needed.

Controls
Categories of controls
▪ Engineering
▪ Process
▪ Physical
▪ Organizational
▪ PPE

The role of industrial hygienists
Industrial Hygiene
Catalog all hazards and agents

Hazards Occupational Health
Perform job hazard analysis
Chemicals Health surveillance protocols
Determine similar exposure
Noise groups Medical services
Thermal Assess exposure risk Testing
Ergonomic Determine and implement controls Treatment
Medical Case management
Track exposure history for
Slips and falls workers Return-to-work
Set sampling campaigns
Area monitoring

Summary
Managing risks in the workplace EHS practitioners are equipped Many different stakeholders may
starts with identifying hazards to assess the risk and also be involved in dealing with
and assessing the level of risk determine the right controls and hazards in the workplace.
that they pose mitigation strategy industrial hygienists, occupational
health nurses, plant managers,
etc. all play a part

Thank you.
[email protected]
Follow all of SAP

warranty.
Unit 5: Audit and Inspection Management –
How to Establish Continuous Improvement
Audit and inspection management –
how to establish continuous improvement
▪ Understand the fundamental differences between

audits and inspections
▪ Learn more about the business challenges of audit
management
▪ Hear about the fundamental process phases and
functional components of audit management

Audit and inspection management – how to establish continuous improvement
Inspection vs audit
Inspection Audit
▪ Checking off predefined specifications to identify ▪ Assess compliance with internal policies or
hazards external standards / regulations and identify
areas for improvement
▪ Rather simple and straightforward, assessing a ▪ Explore details and complexities, examination of
work area or specific assets whether EHS is managed properly within an
organization
▪ Done on day-to-day basis ▪ Less frequent
▪ Conducted based on specific checklists ▪ Often involves reviewing appropriate
documentation and interviews
▪ Operators and daily users ▪ Higher-level personnel than operators

Audit management business challenges
▪ Bundle auditing activities across multiple applications

for different business areas
▪ Simplify communication with audit partners in all
phases of the process
▪ Reduce the cost and complexity of auditing

Audit processing phases
Audit reporting
and analytics Plan and schedule audits
Manage corrective
and preventive actions Auditing
Grading and evaluation

Audit planning
The audit plan

provides an organized
overview of multiple
audits. A plan can
contain subordinate
audit plans.
Audits can be linked

to plans and can be
grouped in a
hierarchical structure.

Corrective and preventive actions
As follow-up actions
to audits, corrective
and preventive as
well as improvement
actions are defined.
Contact persons are

assigned as
responsible and
automatically notified.
Furthermore, a
monitoring of the
subsequent steps and
verification of the
effectiveness of all
actions is done.

Summary: audit management components
Audit Audit Audit

Planning Processing Outputs
Define audit scheme Basic audit information Corrective actions Form-based reports on audit
for audit program questions or corrective actions
Online and offline Grading of audit
Manage question lists auditing questions Analytics on audit findings
Schedule audits Manage valuation Record and Analytical, ad-hoc tabular
criteria document findings reporting
Coordinate audit team
Document attachments Digital signature Data export to MS Excel, email
Coordinate with external
stakeholders

Thank you.
[email protected]
Follow all of SAP

warranty.

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Week 2: Worker Safety

Unit 1: Worker Safety and Safety Culture –

▪ Learn how the right safety culture drives overall

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

▪ Shared perceptions and beliefs about the value of safety

Taken from “The Psychology of a Proactive Safety Culture”, a presentation

▪ Reduced incident rates and severity →

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 5

Data Insight Action

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 6

Support from upper management

SAP EHS Management,

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 8

Intelligent EHS Technologies for Awareness, Automation, Ubiquity

Real Time EHS Reporting and Analytics

Action Tracking and Task Management

Regulatory and Emissions Waste

Maintenance Safety Work Clearance/

Asset Human Contractor Implementation

Reduce Incident Proactive Safety Proactive Safety

Control of Real-Time Chem. Reduced

Reduced Risk from

Maintenance Safety Better Control Prevent Safety

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 10

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 12

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

▪ Learn about the different aspects of EHS incidents

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 3

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 4

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 5

FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 6

Lagging indicators measure the occurrence and

Leading indicators measure events leading up to

Good leading indicators are based on SMART principles,

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 7

The term ‘one barrier from a catastrophe’ is often used in

This one factor is often luck, such as an individual’s actions

Focusing on HiPos requires companies to change their

It also requires companies to reassess what they view as

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 8

Industrial Hygienist Implementer/Responsible

Corporate Lack of transparency into daily operations

Individual employees are Operations Site-level management and

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 10

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 11

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 12

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

▪ Learn about chemicals in the workplace and the risks

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 2

Examples of hazardous chemicals include:

Paints, drugs, cosmetics, cleaning chemicals, degreasers,

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 3

Hazardous chemicals are substances that can cause

Therefore Occupational Exposure Limits have been set up to

The majority of all occupational diseases are caused by

© 2021 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. ǀ PUBLIC 4

Many hazardous chemicals are also classified as dangerous goods.