Akmal M.

Marzouk GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Copyright @ by Tant a University, Egypt

Geology
Delta J. Sci. 2016 Vol.37; (128-135 )

GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE

IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Akmal M. Marzouk¹, Fadia Latif Obeid², Abd El-Aziz A. Mahmoud², Nader Ahmed Edress², and Allam Ahmed Allam³
1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
3. General Petroleum Company (GPC)
Abstract the purpose of the present study is investigated the subsurface rocks of Gibb Afia-2 well in terms of their
stratigraphical, sedimentological, and paleontological characteristics. The following topics are emphasized forming the
general outline of this study:
1. Lithostratigraphic analysis of the studied well and matching the stratigraphic succession with the general stratigraphy
of the northern Western Desert.
2. Description of structural elements and tectonic features and their relation to the general structural framework of the
Western Desert.
3. Characterizing the nature of different facies, especially those associated with oil generation and accumulation.
4. Biostratigraphic analysis and determination of the faunal content of the studied well.

Key words: Western Desert of Egypt, Gibb Afia, Well description, Lithostratigraphic Units, Biostratigraphic Units,
Chronostratigraphic Units, Structures, Oil and gas prospects.
Introduction:
The Western Desert of Egypt comprises the area west
of the River Nile and Delta. It covers about 700000 km²,
about two-thirds of the area of Egypt. It extends 1000
km from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sudanese Border
in the south and 600 km to 800 km from the Nile valley
to the Libyan border in the west (Figure 1).
The Western Desert has enormous oil potential and
may soon emerge as a major petroleum province. Many
promising areas await detailed examination and are
virtually untested by drilling. A study concerning the
petroleum
Resources of the Western Desert suggested that about
90% of oil and 80% of gas reserves remain undiscovered
(WEC, 1995).
Recent active oil exploration work in the Western
Desert of Egypt has revealed the presence of a
subsurface stratigraphic column, which ranges in age
figure 3). The Basin contains thick Paleozoic sequence,
from the Paleozoic to the Recent (Figure 2). A north -
ranging in age from Cambrian to Carboniferous. It
south oriented basin covered wide stretches in the
contains no Lower Mesozoic sediments but has a thick
northwestern reaches of the Western Desert and can be
Cenomanian - Eocene fill (WEC 1984, 1995). The
considered as a northern extension of Libya's Kufra
Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks seem to be qualified for
basin. It is locally known as Ghazalat Basin (Keeley,
hydrocarbon generation and oil entrapment.
1989;

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The carbonates, largely or exclusively making most units

of the Cretaceous and Tertiary systems, have a dual
capacity for hydrocarbon generation and entrapment.
The entrapment capacity of these carbonates is favored
by their deformation due to the tectonic movements. The
importance of carbonates as a source rock for
hydrocarbon is increasing in the last 50 years. According
to some geochemical studies, giving the proper
conditions, carbonate rocks may surpass the traditional
shale as source rocks for hydrocarbons (GPC, 1973).
The basic data used in this study are based mainly upon
the exploration activities of the General Petroleum
Company (GPC) and includes the entire succession of
the Gibb Afia-2 well (Lat. 29° 35´ 32.93´´ N and Long.
26° 11´ 47.40´´ E). The well is located at the extreme
west of the north Western Desert, to the west of the
Qattara Depression (Figure 1).
Recent literatures covering the study well and adjacent
areas are represented by several authors, such as Abd El
Gawad et al. (1996), Abu El-Naga (1984), Amine
(1961), Andrawis (1971, 1972), Ayyad and Ismail
(1992), Babaev (1968), Babaev et al. (1967), Beckman
(1967), Blair (1955), Dahi and Shahin (1992), EGPC
(1986, 1992), El-Daker (1974), El-Etr (1977), El-Etr and
Mostafa (1980), El-Hashemi (1972), El-Khoriby (1994),
El-Malky (1985), El-Sweify (1975), El-Zarka and
Radwan (1985), Gezeery et al. (1972), Gondwana and
EGPC (1987), GPC (1973), Johnson (1958),
Kazatchenko et al. (1970), Khalil (1973, 1997), Mousa
(1986), Paleoservices and EGPC (1986), Ragab and
Khaled (1989), Marzouk (2004), and Zarif (2006).
WELL HISTORY
In 1955-1956 Sahara Petroleum Company (Sapetco)
delineated the Gibb Afia by seismic, gravity and surface
geology as being an anticlinal structure. well is located
on the eastern flank of the structure. New GPC seismic
results showed the apex of the structure to lie at 13 km
west of Gibb Afia-IX well. The phantom horizon chosen
for the map was interpreted to be within the Lower
Cretaceous and being 200-250 m higher than Gibb Afia-
IX well. The well penetrated a very reduced, highly
eroded, section of Upper Cretaceous. It was bottomed in
Silurian sands at drill depth 2492 m (Figure 4).
WELL DESCRIPTION
Tertiary
Middle Miocene
Lower Miocene
(Depth 0-82 m, thickness 62m)
(Depth 82-148 m, 66 m)
The Middle Miocene is mainly represented by shallow
marine reefal to lagoonal facies. The upper part of the The Lower Miocene section is mainly composed of
section is composed of reefal limestone, followed by a limestone with some streaks of shale. The limestone is
section of shale. The limestone is tannic white, pinkish pinkish white, hard to very hard, partly crystalline,
white, medium hard to hard, vuggy, pinpoint porosity, argillaceous at drill depths 82-93.5 m, 109-114 m and
and fossiliferous at parts. The intercalated shale is light 125-135 m. The intercalated shale is buff, tannic gray,
gray, brick red at parts, sticky, highly calcareous. soft to medium hard, and slightly calcareous.

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 Akmal M. Marzouk GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Middle Eocene
(Depth 148-423m, thickness 275m)
The Middle Eocene section is represented only by 24
m of dolomitic limestone. It is barren of fossils. The loss
of circulation from drill depth 174 to 427 m did not
permit the recognition the section from Eocene to
Cenomanian. The limestone is medium hard, porous to
fairly porous, dolomitic at top, slightly argillaceous at
drill depth 230-242 m, intercalated with slightly
calcareous shale at drill depth 270-290 m. Cretaceous
Cenomanian
(Depth 423-782m, thickness 359m)
The Cenomanian section is composed of relatively
thick sand deposits of shallow marine conditions. The
lower part of the Cenomanian is underlain by a thick
barren clastic interval. The sands is colorless, pink,
medium to very fine grained, fairly sorted, consolidated
to sandstone, which is white, light grayish white, fine
grained, medium hard to hard, poorly porous, and partly
kaolinitic.
Albian Middle Devonian
(Depth 782-952m, thickness 170m) (Depth 1766-2098 m, thickness 332 m)
The Albian sand is colorless, rose, white, fine to coarse The Middle Devonian section is composed of
grained, fairly sorted, rarely consolidated to sandstone, sandstone: tannic white, rarely brick red, medium hard to
which is white, medium hard to hard, poorly porous, hard, partly friable, porous, kaolinitic, and partly
partly kaolinitic, and barren of fossils. micaceous.
Aptian Lower Devonian
(Depth 952-1295m, thicknes343m) (Depth 2098-2312 m, thickness 214 m)
The top of the Aptian section is taken on lithological It is composed of sandstone, siltstone, and shale. The
basis. This boundary is tentative due to lack of fauna. sandstone is grayish white to tannic white, medium hard,
The section is mainly composed of shale intercalated partly friable, medium to fine grained, partly coarse
with sandstone and siltstone. The sandstone is tan to grained, poorly porous, partly kaolinitic, micaceous,
white, medium hard to hard, fine grained and poorly glauconitic, partly loosened to sand. The siltstone is
porous. The siltstone is light gray, medium hard to hard, tannic white, medium hard, and coarse grained. The
poorly friable, and porous. shale is light gray, soft, sticky, blocky, silty, and grading
to argillaceous siltstone.
Paleozoic
Silurian
In Gibb Afia-2 well, the Paleozoic deposits
unconformably underlie the Lower Cretaceous with a (Depth 2312-2492 m, thickness 178 m)
considerable stratigraphic gap eliminating the uppermost
The Silurian section is composed of sandstone,
Paleozoic and lowermost Mesozoic.
siltstone, shale, and barren of fossils.
Upper Devonian
The sandstone is brown to light gray, fine to medium
(Depth 1295-1766 m, thickness 471 m) grained, medium hard, fairly porous, tight, rarely
glauconitic, and slightly calcareous. The siltstone is
The Upper Devonian section is composed of sand and
gray, medium hard, fairly porous, tight, micaceous, and
sandstone. The sand is colorless, white, fine to medium
argillaceous. The shale is gray, medium hard, fairly
grained, rarely coarse grained, fairly sorted, consolidated
porous, tight, partly micaceous, and highly argillaceous.
to sandstone, which is white, tannic white, medium
grained, medium hard to friable, fairly porous, and FAUNAL CONTENT
kaolinitic. The intercalated shale is light gray, partly
The following foraminifers are recognized in the Gibb
dark gray, soft, sticky, and poorly blocky. The dolomite
Afia-2 well:
is light greenish to purplish white, hard to very hard,
crystalline, compact and tight, and partly glauconitic. Middle Miocene: Borelis melo, Discorbis obtusus,
Elphidium crispum, E. macellum, Guttulina communis,
Nonion gransoum, Schlumbergerina sp. Streblus

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 Akmal M. Marzouk GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

beccarii, Quinquloculina pulchella, and Quinquloculina 148-423 m Apollonia Formation

seminula. Middle Eocene
Lower Miocene: Elphidium crispum, Operculina 423-782 m Bahariya Formation
complanata, Operculina sp. Streblus andouini, and Cenomanian
Textularia sp.
782-952 m Kharita Formation
Cenomanian: Flabellammina sp. Oribitolina sp., Albian
Thomasinella fragmentaria, and T. punica.
952-1295 m Alamein/Dahab Formation
Aptian: Ammobaculites sp., Ammomarginulina sp., Aptian
Flabellammina sp., and Tritaxia pyramidata.
1295-2314 m Zeitun Formation
Devonian: Hyperammina sp., Oxinoxis ligula, Devonian
Protennina cumberlandiae, Psammosphaera gracilis,
2314-2492 m Basur Formation
Thurammina deformens, T. elliptica, T. tabulate,
Silurian
Thuramminoides sphaeroidalis, and Tolypammina
bulbosa. CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS The dating of the stratigraphic succession of the Gibb
Afia-2 well was established based on the above-
The recognized foraminifers proved useful results in
identified biostratigraphic units:
establishing the following Biozonation. The scheme of
Andrawis (1990) is generally followed. Middle Miocene: The Miocene is mainly represented by
shallow marine reefal to lagoonal facies. The upper part
Depth Biozone
of the section is composed of reefal limestone, followed
Age
by a section of shale. It comprises the Borelis melo Zone
0-82 m Borelis melo Zone (Zone 78, Andrawis 1990), which is of Serravallian age.
Middle Miocene
Lower Miocene: The Lower Miocene section is mainly
82-148 m Miogypsina intermedia Zone composed of limestone with some streaks of shale. The
Early Miocene Lower Miocene section contains the Miogypsina
intermedia Zone (Miogypsina complanata-Operculina
148-423 m Barren of fossils
complanata Zone, GPC 1974; Zone 69, Andrawis 1990)
Middle Eocene
of Burdigalian age.
423-782 m Thomasinella fragmentaria Zone
Middle Eocene: The Middle Eocene section is
Cenomanian
represented only by 24 m of dolomitic limestone. It is
782-952 m Barren of fossils barren of fossils.
Albian
Cenomanian: The Cenomanian section is composed of
952-1295 m Ammobaculites & relatively thick sand deposits of shallow marine
conditions. The upper boundary of the Cenomanian is
Ammomaginulina spp.
taken at the first appearance of the foraminiferal
Assemblage Aptian
Thomasinella fragmentaria Zone (Zone 18, Andrawis
1295-2314 m Proteonina spp. & 1990).
Thuramminoides Albian: The Albian sand and sandstone are barren of
sphaeroidalis Assemblage fossils.
Thurammina deformens Zone Aptian: The top of the Aptian section is taken on
Devonian 2314-2492 m lithological basis. This boundary is tentative due to lack
Barren of fossils of fauna. The Aptian section is mainly composed of
Silurian shale intercalated with sandstone and siltstone, and
marked by the presence of Ammobaculites &
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS Ammomaginulina spp. Assemblage, which is of Aptian
The following lithostratigraphic units are recorded in age.
Gibb Afia-2 well: Devonian: The Devonian section is composed mainly of
Depth Formation shale and sandstone. It contains the foraminiferal
Age assemblage Proteonina spp. & Thuramminoides
sphaeroidalis, as well as the Thurammina deformens
0-82 m Marmarica Formation Zone (Zone 1, Andrawis 1990), indicate a Devonian age.
Middle Miocene
Silurian: The Silurian section is composed of
82-148 m Mamura Formation sandstone, siltstone, and shale that are barren of fossils.
Lower Miocene

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 Akmal M. Marzouk GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

STRUCTURES Capillary extracts declared that both oil pitch and pitch
bitumen are the predominant types in Cenomanian,
The Gibb Afia structure lies on the western flank of
Albian, Aptian, and Devonian deposits
the large submeridional Qattara Depression. It is a
northeast – southwest trending anticline. The indicating moderate degree of metamorphism. Other
northwestern flank of this anticline is longitudinally type of lower metamorphosed degree as oil and light
crossed by a fault down throwing to the northwest. This bitumen types are recorded at some intervals, while the
structure is regarded as an extension of Siwa – Alamein higher metamorphosed type (pitch asphaltene) is
swell, which includes Alamein, Qattara, Ghazalat, Gibb recorded in a streak of top Albian only.
Afia, and Siwa uplifts. According to regional seismic
The humic acids content is low, it ranges from 0,00008
surveys, their trends are mostly in the NE – SW
to 0,0032% only. Organic carbon content has average of
direction.
0,6%.
The Gibb Afia structure proved to be complicated by
Therefore, in spite of the presence of moderately
faults that separated it to different blocks (Figures 5 and
metamorphosed bitumen, yet the maturity seems to be
6). The structure measures 30x17 km², with amplitude of
unfavorable enough for oil generation. This may be
more than 220 m. The northeastern part of the fold is
attributed to low content of organic carbon and lack of
complicated by a relatively elevated flexure with small
enough thickness of shaly beds.
amplitude that having the dimensions 5,5 x 3 km² in the
northeastern trend. This flexure is separated from the CONCLUSIONS
basic structure by a saddle.
The following are the important conclusions obtained
Both Gibb Afia 1 & 2 wells are located almost around from the drilling data:
the axis of the anticline. The drilling shows that Gibb
1. The Gibb Afia-2 well is spudded in the Miocene rocks
Afia-1 well, 13 km apart to the northwest, is in a
and continued to 174 m. Then circulation was lost till
slightly lower position. The tops of the Upper
Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, and Paleozoic in Gibb 427 m. The interval 148-174 m is barren limestone and
Afia-2 well are about 90 m higher than these in Gibb is considered as Eocene age based on lithology. At 174
m Cenomanian rocks were encountered and followed by
Afia-1 well. However, the level difference is more
Lower Cretaceous rocks at 720 m, which lie
accentuated with depth rating to about 500 m on the tops
unconformably on a Paleozoic section at 1281 m and
of Silurian and Cambro-Ordovician.
drilling was ended at 2492 m in the Lower Paleozoic.
The sedimentation from Cambrian to Carboniferous
time in the study area is mostly of marine origin. In the 2. Due to the scarcity of the fauna in the samples of this
Early Paleozoic, the depositional basin was divided into well some stratigraphic tops of the section were taken on
lithological basis and electric logging correlations, e.g.
two local depressions (south and north). The south
the boundary between Cenomanian and Lower
depression included such areas: Siwa, Gibb Afia,
Cretaceous.
Faghur, and Ghazalat. In the Late Paleozoic, these
depressions united into a large basin with some separate 3.TheGibbAfia-2 well did not reach the basement but by
small local uplifts. the interpretation of geophysical data and correlation
OIL AND GAS PROSPECTS with the neighboring wells the top of basement could be
estimated at ca. 2950 m.
The bitumen investigation revealed the irregularity
4. Three stratigraphic gaps were detected. The first gap
distribution of both chloroform and alcoholic-benzol
is represented by the absence of Permian, Triassic,
bitumen types, humic acids, and organic carbon content
Jurassic, and Carboniferous. The second gap is the
along the section.
absence of the upper most part of Mesozoic sediments
At the top of the section, bitumen content is low, while i.e. Senonian and Turonian. While the third gap is the
at drill depth 430 m and deeper this content is relatively absence of Oligocene and Upper Eocene.
higher. The chloroform bitumen content ranges from
5. From the surface to top Cenomanian the section is
0,0006 to 0,16%, which average of 0,01%. The
mainly limestone intercalated by few streaks of shale,
alcoholic-benzol type content fluctuates nearly within
the same range i.e. the p factor is nearly equals to one. while from top Cenomanian until totaldepthis mainly
From the frequency distribution curve of rock sandstone with shale intercalations.
bitumenosity traces of bitumen migration movement had
been detected

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6. All the porous intervals penetrated by the well were

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Petrol Conf., EGPC, Oct. 1996, Cairo, 417-420.
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Akmal M. Marzouk GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

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history of the northeastern sector of the Western

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‫‪Akmal M. Marzouk‬‬ ‫‪GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE SUBSURFACE SEQUENCE IN GIBB AFIA-2 WELL, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT‬‬

‫دراسبت جيولوجية واسحراججرافية على الححبثعبت جحث السطحية‬

‫فى ثئر جيت العبفية ‪ ,2‬شمبل غرة الصحراء الغرثية‪ ،‬مصر‬
‫رُ دساسخ اٌززبثع اٌصخش‪ ٜ‬ف‪ ٝ‬ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ‪ , 2-‬اٌز‪ ٜ‬رُ حفشٖ غشة ِٕخفط اٌمطبسح ف‪ ٝ‬شّبي غشة اٌصحشاء اٌغشثيخ‪ ,‬عٍ‪ ٝ‬ثعذ‬
‫‪ 56‬وُ ِٓ اٌحذ‪ٚ‬د اٌٍيجيخ ‪ٚ‬عٍ‪ِ ٝ‬سبفخ ‪ 033‬وُ جٕ‪ٛ‬ة ِشس‪ِ ٝ‬طش‪ٚ‬ح‪ .‬رشًّ اٌذساسخ اٌطجمبد اٌزحذ سطحيخ ف‪ ٝ‬ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ سلُ‬
‫‪ 2‬اٌز‪ ٝ‬يجٍغ سّى‪ٙ‬ب ‪ِ 2942‬زشا‪ٚ ,‬يحز‪ ٜٛ‬في‪ٙ‬ب اٌززبثع اٌصخش‪ ٜ‬عٍ‪ ٝ‬سس‪ٛ‬ثيبد ِٓ عص‪ٛ‬س اٌضبٌش‪ ,‬اٌطجبشيش‪ ,ٜ‬اٌذيف‪ٚ ,ٝٔٛ‬اٌسيٍ‪ٛ‬س‪.ٜ‬‬
‫لبِذ اٌششوخ اٌعبِخ ٌٍجزش‪ٚ‬ي ثحفش اٌجئش ِجبي ٘زٖ اٌذساسخ ‪ٚ‬عذح آثبس اخش‪ ٜ‬ف‪ِٕ ٝ‬طمخ سي‪ٛ‬ح رحذ اششاف خجشاء ِٓ االرحبد‬
‫اٌس‪ٛ‬فيز‪ٌ ,ٝ‬ىٓ ٌألسف ٌُ يحبٌف‪ ُٙ‬اٌز‪ٛ‬فيك ِّب اد‪ ٜ‬اٌ‪ ٝ‬ر‪ٛ‬لف اٌعًّ ف‪٘ ٝ‬زا اٌّشش‪ٚ‬ع‪ٕ٘ ِٓ .‬ب ٔجعذ فىشح اجشاء ٘زٖ اٌذساسخ ث‪ٙ‬ذف‬
‫اعبدح رميُ آثبس إٌّطمخ غشة ِٕخفط اٌمطبسح عٍ‪ ٝ‬ظ‪ٛ‬ء اٌزمذَ اٌعٍّ‪ ٝ‬اٌىجيش ف‪ِ ٝ‬جبي جي‪ٌٛٛ‬جيب اٌجزش‪ٚ‬ي ‪ٚ‬اٌجي‪ٌٛٛ‬جيب اٌزحذ‬
‫سطحيٗ‪ٌٚ ,‬زٌه اعزّذد دساسخ ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ سلُ ‪ 2‬عٍ‪ ٝ‬عذح ِحب‪ٚ‬س أّ٘‪ٙ‬ب‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ٚ‬ال‪ :‬اٌذساسبد اٌجبٌي‪ٔٛ‬ز‪ٌٛٛ‬جيخ ٌطجمبد اٌجئش ‪ٚ‬اٌزعشف عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌّحز‪ ٜٛ‬اٌحفش‪ ٜ‬ث‪ٙ‬ب ثغشض رمسيُ اٌززبثع اٌصخش‪ ٜ‬اٌ‪ٚ ٝ‬حذاد‬
‫ثي‪ٛ‬سزشارجشافيخ يزُ عٍ‪ ٝ‬اسبس‪ٙ‬ب رحذيذ عّش ٘زٖ اٌطجمبد‪٘ .‬زٖ اٌذساسخ ادد اٌ‪ ٝ‬رمسيُ اٌززبثع اٌصخش‪ ٜ‬ف‪ ٝ‬ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ سلُ ‪ 2‬اٌ‪ٝ‬‬
‫‪ٔ 5‬طك حي‪ٛ‬يخ ِ‪ٛ‬صعخ ف‪ ٝ‬اٌمطبع اٌّذس‪ٚ‬ط عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌ‪ٛ‬جٗ اٌزبٌ‪:ٝ‬‬

‫صبٔيب‪ :‬دساسخ اٌّحز‪ ٜٛ‬اٌصخش‪ٌ ٜ‬طجمبد عص‪ٛ‬س اٌضبٌش‪ ,‬اٌطجبشيش‪ ,ٜ‬اٌذيف‪ٚ ,ٝٔٛ‬اٌسيٍ‪ٛ‬س‪ٚ ٜ‬رمسيّ‪ٙ‬ب اٌ‪ ٝ‬رىب‪ٚ‬يٓ صخشيخ رز‪ٛ‬افك ِع‬
‫االطبس اٌعبَ ٌٍزىب‪ٚ‬يٓ اٌصخشيخ ف‪ ٝ‬اٌصحشاء اٌغشثيخ‪ ,‬حيش اسفشد اٌذساسخ عٓ رمسيُ اٌززبثع اٌصخش‪ ٜ‬ف‪ ٝ‬ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ‪ 2-‬اٌ‪8 ٝ‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬حذاد ٌيض‪ٛ‬سزشارجشافيخ عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌ‪ٛ‬جٗ اٌزبٌ‪:ٝ‬‬

‫صبٌضب‪ :‬رُ دساسخ اٌجي‪ٌٛٛ‬جيب اٌزشويجيخ ‪ٚ‬رط‪ٛ‬س اٌزى‪ٛ‬يٕبد اٌزىز‪ٔٛ‬يخ ف‪ِٕ ٝ‬طمخ جيت اٌعبفيخ ِٓ حمت اٌحيبح اٌمذيّخ حز‪ ٝ‬اآلْ‪ِ ,‬ع دساسخ‬
‫رأصيش اٌحشوبد اٌزىز‪ٔٛ‬يخ اٌز‪ ٝ‬رّذ ف‪ ٝ‬إٌّطمخ عٍ‪ ٝ‬رى‪ٛ‬يٓ اٌصخ‪ٛ‬س ‪ٚ‬اٌززبثع اٌطجم‪ٚ ٝ‬رغيش رشويجبر‪ٙ‬ب اٌجي‪ٌٛٛ‬جيخ ‪ٚ‬رأصيش رٌه عٍ‪ٝ‬‬
‫احزّبي رى‪ٛ‬يٓ ‪ٚ‬رخضيٓ خبَ اٌجزش‪ٚ‬ي‪ ,‬حيش اْ اصديبد دسجخ ط‪ ٝ‬اٌطجمبد رذسيجيب أصٕبء اٌعّش اٌجي‪ٌٛٛ‬ج‪ٌ ٝ‬صخ‪ٛ‬س اٌّىّٓ ٌٗ رأصيش‬
‫ايجبث‪ ٝ‬عٍ‪ ٝ‬رٌه‪.‬‬

‫ساثعب‪ :‬اسفشد اٌذساسخ اْ ثئش جيت اٌعبفيخ خبٌ‪ ِٓ ٝ‬ا‪ ٜ‬رى‪ٛ‬يٕبد ثزش‪ٌٚ‬يخ‪ٌ ,‬ىٓ ٕ٘بن اٌعذيذ ِٓ اٌذالئً رشيش اٌ‪ ٝ‬اِىبٔيخ ر‪ٛ‬اجذ خبَ‬
‫اٌجزش‪ٚ‬ي ف‪ ٝ‬إٌّبطك اٌّجب‪ٚ‬سح‪ٌ ,‬ىٓ ٘زا يسزٍضَ دساسخ اٌسحٕبد اٌّخزٍفخ اٌّى‪ٔٛ‬خ ٌٍصخ‪ٛ‬س ‪ٚ‬رأصيش رٌه عٍ‪ ٝ‬عٍّيخ رى‪ٛ‬يٓ اٌجزش‪ٚ‬ي‬
‫‪ٚ‬رخضيٕٗ‪٘ .‬زٖ اٌذساسخ ‪ٌ -‬ألسف – ٌُ رأر‪ ٝ‬حز‪ ٝ‬اآلْ ثٕزبئج ِشظيخ ٌمٍخ اٌعيٕبد اٌّ‪ٛ‬ج‪ٛ‬دح ‪ٚ‬اٌصبٌحخ ٌٍفحص ثبٌطشق اٌجي‪ٛ‬وّيبئيخ‬
‫ٌزحذيذ ِب يّ ىٓ اْ يى‪ِٕٙ ْٛ‬ب "صخ‪ٛ‬س اٌّصذس" ‪ ِٓٚ‬يى‪ِٕٙ ْٛ‬ب "صخ‪ٛ‬س اٌزخضيٓ"‪٘ .‬زا يزطٍت ثبٌطجع اعبدح اسزىشبف إٌّطمخ‬
‫‪ٚ‬إٌّبطك اٌّجب‪ٚ‬سح ثبسزخذاَ احذس اٌطشق اٌزىٕ‪ٌٛٛ‬جيخ‪ ,‬اٌز‪ِ ٝ٘ ٝ‬زط‪ٛ‬سح اآلْ اٌ‪ ٝ‬دسجخ عبٌيخ ثبٌميبط اٌ‪ ٝ‬رٍه اٌطشق اٌ‪ ٝ‬اسزخذِ‪ٙ‬ب‬
‫اٌخجشاء اٌش‪ٚ‬ط ف‪ ٝ‬ا‪ٚ‬اخش اٌسزيٕيبد ِٓ اٌمشْ اٌّبظ‪.ٝ‬‬

‫‪ٚ‬اهلل اٌّ‪ٛ‬فك ‪.......‬‬

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