Questions and Answers On Alternators, Synchronous Motors and Special Machines Alternators

Questions and Answers on Alternators, Synchronous
Motors and Special Machines

Alternators:
What are the types of turbo alternators?
Ans. Vertical and horizontal.
How do you compare the tow?

Ans. Vertical type requires less floor space and while step bearing is necessary
to carry the weight of the moving elements, there is very little friction in the
main bearing.
The horizontal type requires no step bearing, but occupies more space.
What is the step bearing?

ans. It consists of tow cylindrical cast iron plates which bear upon each other
and have a central recess between them. Suitable oil is pumped into this recess
under considerable pressure.
What is direct-connected alternator?

Ans. One in which the alternator and engine are directly connected. In other
words, there is no intermediate gearing such as belt, chain etc. between the
driving engine and alternator.
What is difference between direct-connected and direct-coupled units?

Ans. In the former, alternator and driving engine are directly and permanently
connected. In the latter case, engine and alternator are each complete in itself
and are connected by some device such as friction clutch, jaw clutch or shaft
coupling.
Can a D.C. generator be converted into and alternator? And how?

Ans. Yes. By providing tow collector rings on one end of the armature and
connecting these tow rings to tow points in the armature winding 180° apart.
Would this arrangement result in a desirable alternator?

Ans. No.
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Synchronous Motors:
Does change in excitation affect the synchronous motor speed?
Ans. No.
Does change in excitation affect the synchronous motor power factor? And how?
Ans. Yes. Because when over-excited, synchronous motor has leading power
factor. However, when under-excited, it has lagging power factor.
For what service are synchronous motors especially suited?

Ans. For high voltage service.
Which has more efficiency; synchronous or induction motor?

Ans. Synchronous motor.
Mention some specific applications of synchronous motor?

Ans.
1- Constant speed load service.
2- Reciprocating compressor drives.
3- Power factor correction.
4- Voltage regulation of transmission lines.
What is a synchronous capacitor?

Ans. An over-excited synchronous motor is called synchronous capacitor,
because like capacitor it takes a leading power current.
What are causes of faulty starting of synchronous motor?

Ans.
1- Voltage may be too low; at least half voltage is required for starting.
2- There may be open circuit in one phase; due to which motor may be heat up.
3- Static friction may be large; either due to high belt tension or too tight
bearings.
4- Stator winding may be incorrectly connected.
5- Field excitation may be too strong.
What could be the reasons if a synchronous motor fails to start?

Ans.
1- Voltage may be too low.
2- Some faulty connection in auxiliary apparatus.
3- Too much starting load.
4- Open circuit in one phase or short circuit.
5- Field excitation may be excessive.
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A synchronous motor starts as usual but fails to develop its full torque. What could it
be due to?
Ans.
1- Exciter voltage may be too low.
2- Field spool may be reversed.
3- There may be either open circuit or short circuit in the filed.
Will the motor start with the field excitation?

Ans. No.
Under which conditions a synchronous motor will fail to pull into step?
Ans.
1- No field excitation.
2- Excessive load. Or excessive load inertia.
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Special Machines:
Do stepper motors have internal or external fans?
Ans. No because the heat generated in the stator winding is conducted through
the stator iron to the case which cooled by natural condition, convention and
radiation.
Why hybrid stepping motors have many phases sometimes more than six?
Ans. In order to obtain smaller step angles.
Any disadvantage(s) of having more phases?

Ans. Minor ones are:
1- More leads have to be brought out from the motor.
2- More interconnections are required to the drive circuit and more switching
devices are needed.
What is the main attraction of multi-stack VR stepper motor?

Ans. It's well suited to high stepping rates.
You are given a VR motor and hybrid stepper motor which lock exactly similar. How
would you tell which is which?
Ans. Spin the motor after short-circuiting the stator winding. If there is no
mechanical resistance to rotation, it is a VR motor and if there is resistance, then
it's a hybrid motor.
How do you explain it?

Ans. Since VR motor has magnetically neutral rotor, it will not induce any
E.M.F. in the short-circuited winding "the machine will not act as a generator
and hence experience no drag on its rotation". However, the rotor of a hybrid
motor has magnetic poles; hence it will act as generator and so experience a
drag.
Will there be any harm if the rotor of hybrid stepper motor is pulled out of its stator?
Ans. Yes. The rotor will probably become partially demagnetized and, no
reassembling, will give less holding torque.
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Questions and Answers on Alternators, Synchronous

Motors and Special Machines

How do you compare the tow?

What is the step bearing?

What is direct-connected alternator?

What is difference between direct-connected and direct-coupled units?

Can a D.C. generator be converted into and alternator? And how?

Would this arrangement result in a desirable alternator?

For what service are synchronous motors especially suited?

Which has more efficiency; synchronous or induction motor?

Mention some specific applications of synchronous motor?

What is a synchronous capacitor?

What are causes of faulty starting of synchronous motor?

What could be the reasons if a synchronous motor fails to start?

Will the motor start with the field excitation?

Any disadvantage(s) of having more phases?

What is the main attraction of multi-stack VR stepper motor?

How do you explain it?

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