Definition of HISTORY:  The national museum of the Philippines- Filipino:

Louis Gottschalk- history came from the Greek word “iotopia” Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas) is a government institution
meaning learning. in the Philippines and serves as an educational, scientific and
Greek Philosopher Aristotle- wasn’t able to distinguish its cultural institution in preserving the various permanent
difference from the word “scientia”. national collections featuring the ethnographic,
defined as a systematic account of a set of natural anthropological, archaeological and visual artistry of the
phenomena. Branch of knowledge that deals with significant Philippines. Since 1998, the National Museum has been the
events that happened in the past having a continuous, regulatory and enforcement agency of the National
systematic narrative of events as relating to a particular Government.
people, country, period, person usually written as a Historical society - is an organization dedicated to preserving,
chronological account. collecting, researching, and interpreting historical information
• historia: “knowledge acquired through inquiry or or items.
investigation”  The national historical commission of the
Why study History: Philippines- (Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong
 Helps to understand people and societies. Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas, abbreviated NHCP) is a
 Contributes to moral knowledge. government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the
 Provides identity. promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through
 Essential for good citizenship. research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and
Skills do a student of history develop heraldry works.
• The ability to assess evidence KINDS OF PS
• The ability to assess conflicting interpretations  Published documents
• Experience in assessing past examples of change  Written document
Primary sources-  Created for large audiences
• original materials which other research is based  were distributed widely
• diaries, journals, speeches, autobiographies and witness  Examples: books, magazines, newspapers,
reports, original hand written manuscripts, government  Unpublished doCuments
documents and public records, art photographs, films, maps,  Written document
fiction, and music, artifacts, buildings, furniture and clothing  Personal used only
Secondary sources  Few copies exist
those that describe or analyze primary sources Examples: personal letters, diaries, journals, wills, deeds
1. interviews, pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources Autobiography Photograph
2. textbooks, journal articles, histories, criticism, Memoirs Speeches
commentaries, encyclopedias Eyewitness Accounts Videos
Tertiary sources Diary Legal Documents
those used to organize and locate secondary and primary Fossils Ornaments
directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, indexing, and Relics Clothing
abstracting sources Letters Tools
SC…Biography
Repositories of primary source…a place, building, or Movies
receptacle where things are or may be stored. Encyclopedia
Archive - is an accumulation of historical records or physical News Reports
place they are located Textbooks
News Articles
The National Archives of the Philippines- is the home of about
Thesis
60 million documents from the centuries of Spanish rule in
Transcriptions
the Philippines, the American and Japanese occupations, as Dissertations
well as the years of the Republic. It is also the final repository Almanacs
for the voluminous notarized documents of the country. Interviews
Library -is a collection of sources of information and similar Dictionaries
resources, made accessible to a defined community for Scholarly Journals
reference of borrowing. National Commission for Culture Authenticity of Documents:
and the Arts(NCCA). The problem of forged documents is one of the greatest
Museum -is an institution that cares for a collection of obstacles for historians. They need to secure themselves and
artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or protect their reconstruction of historical events basing from
scientific importance. forged documents, they must be able to distinguish hoax
from genuine documents. Misleading documents are usually
 created because of the following reasons: a) to bolster a false ANCIENT TIMES (200,000 B.C -1300 A.D.)
claim; b) to sale counterfeited documents; c) to promote CAVEMEN… Java Man, Peking Man, and other Asian Homo
political propaganda; d) some documents were based on sapiens…250,000 years ago, lived by hunting and fishing
practical jokes NEGRITOS… 25,000 years ago, first settlers, naked and were
External criticism good at hunting, fishing and food gathering
Sometimes called as “Lower criticism” INDONESIANS… skilled in seafaring, by boats, tools made out
The genuineness of the document of stone and steel ( more advanced ) materials made of brass;
Form and appearance and more particularly to question of they wore clothing and other body ornaments, painted their
authorship and textual circumstances such as time, place, and bodies, 500 years ago .
purpose MALAYS …more than 2,000 years ago
Internal criticism engaged in pottery, weaving, jewelry making and metal
Sometimes called as “higher criticism” smelting, introduce irrigation system, They lived in larger
The meaning and trustworthiness of the content of the villages, had government, arts and sciences and an advanced
documents agriculture, mining and trading.
Value and worth of its contents, its literal meaning and
reliability of the statements themselves. Revolts are categorized into 3
PRIMARY ANALYSIS: 1. Personal and Religious
 What is the main idea of the document? (Content) 2. Resistance to Spanish-imposed economic and religious
 Who was the author/creator? (Citation) institutions
 What is the idea the author trying to convey? 3. Land Problems
(Communication) ▪ many people lost their ancestral lands when the
 What was happening when the document was written? friars grabed their land
(Context) ▪ these uprising broke in the provinces of Batangas,
 What is your newly acquired knowledge? (Connection) Bulacan, Cavite and Laguna between 1745-1746.
 How did it contribute to history? (Conclusion) Diego Silang “El Rey de Ilocos)
▪ led the revolt of the Ilocanos,…BORN Aringay, La Union
ORIGIN OF THE PHILIPPINES on December 16, 1730…The Revolt started in Vigan, Ilocos
Land Bridges Theory Sur. killed by Miguel Vicos, a Spanish meztizo who bore
• Philippines was believed to be part of Mainland Asia grievances against Diego Silang MAY 28,1763
• 250,000 years ago, bodies of water surrounding the Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang
Philippines were 156 feet lower than its present level. ▪ together with her uncle, Nicolas Carino
• bridges between Borneo connecting Palawan and Sulu, ▪ She too lost her life for freedom’s sake on
Mindanao and Papua New Guinea and between Taiwan and September 30, 1763.
Batanes. Francisco Dagohoy
Continental Drift Theory ▪ holds the distiction of having the longest revolt in
• Alfred Wegener….super continent called Pangaea. Philippine history, the “Dagohoy Rebellion”
• continents were to be put together, it would appear as ▪ born as Francisco Sendrijas in 1724 in Inabanga, Bohol
one.Scientists believed that the Philippines was separated ▪ the rebellion against the Spanish colonial government
due to geological changes. took place on the island of Bohol from 1744 to 1828, roughly
Volcanic Theory 85 years.
• Because of these eruptions, different lands were formed
and emerged, thus the establishment of Philippine MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION
islands.The elevation of Baguio city and nearby mountain • Fernando De Magalhaes (Portugal)
areas is the evidence of this theory. • Ferano Magallanes (Spain)
ORIGIN OF FILIPINO RACES • Born: 1480, at Ponte De Parca, Portugal
Wave Migration Theory…proves that the early settlers • Death: April 27, 1521 in Mactan, Cebu
migrated from the different parts of the world who populated TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
the Philippines some thousands of years ago. Proves the • JUNE 07, 1494 – treaty between Spain and Portugal
diversity of cultures and traditions passed by our ancestors. • SPAIN: land from west
Legends…The story of “Malakas and Maganda” or The story • PORTUGAL: land from east
of Adam and Eve. MAGELLAN BECAME SPANIARDS
Creation Story…. man is created in the image of God. • King Manuel 1 of Portugal (1517)
Evolution Theory - refuses Magellan’s expedition to Spice Island because of
Charles Darwin…Man came from apes and evolving until it “money matters”.
become a full develop man. • King Charles 1 of Spain(1519)
Tabon Woman…Found in Palawan who was present earlier converts his nationality to Spain.
than the Negritos. the king supports his expedition to Spice Island.
Callao Man…found in Cagayan believed to be present as early
as 50,000 years ago.
• September 20, 1519 c. GLORY- supremacy of Spain over Portugal as a superpower
- Magellan’s expedition along 5 ships: • KING PHILIP II OF SPAIN
a. Trinidad (flagship) - Philippines is named after him
b. San Antonio - born in May 21, 1527
c. Conception REVOLUTIONS
d. Victoria 1. Dagami Revolt ( May 22, 1565)
e. Santiago
- led by Chief Dagami of Gabi.
• Magellan’s Companion
- hid themselves outside of the Spanish settlement in Cebu.
a. Enrique de Malaca (Trapobana) – acquired as a
slave in Melaka - end: Peace Treaty of Cebu on June 04, 1565.
b. Antonio Pigafetta – Magellan’s translator 2. Manila 1571
c. Fr. Pedro De Valderrama – officiating priest in the • June 3, 1571
first mass on the small island of Limasa. - defeating Rajah Sulayman in a battle in Bangkusay, Martin
d. Juan Sebastian Elcano – completed the first De Goiti claimed autonomy of Manila
circumnavigation of the Earth. • June 24, 1571
e. 270 soldiers - Legazpi established Manila as the capital city with himself as
TIMELINE OF EVENTS Governor-General.
• March 17, 1521 3. Dagohoy Rebellion
- landed in Homonhon, it was feast of St. Lazarus. - longest rebellion in Philippine History (85 years).
• March 28, 1521 (Limasawa) - led by Francisco Dagohoy, took place in Bohol from 1744 to
- first holy mass.
1829.
- planted cross and made friends with Rajah Kolambu and
- main cause: Spanish authorities refuses a Christian burial to
Rajah Siaui.
• April 07, 1521 Dagohoy’s brother.
-reach Cebu and made friends with Rajah Humabon. - August 31, 1829, the Filipinos surrendered
• April 14, 1521 • September 6, 1834
-baptism of more than 800 Filipinos in Cebu including the - Manila was opened to international trade leading to a
Rajah. remarkable transformation of its economy.
• April 27, 1521 • February 15, 1889
-Magellan reached Mactan. - Establishment of La Solidaridad, founded by Graciano Lopez
-Datu Lapu-Lapu refused to be baptized. Jaena.
- Start of Battle of Mactan. • September 18, 1891
-finished El Filibusterismo.
• Magellan sailed to Mactan with 48 men armed with
• July 3, 1892
swords, axes, cross-bows and guns.
- established La Liga Filipina, a civic movement aimed at
• there are 1,500 native warriors waiting for them at
uniting Filipinos to act together for reform and autonomy.
shore.
• Magellan ordered his men to burn all the houses but it • July 7, 1892
made the natives angrier. - Rizal was captured and exiled to Dapitan.
• Magellan’s leg was shot with a poisoned arrow while his • July 7, 1892
arm was wounded by a spear. - Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Valentin Diaz establish
• When the natives recognized Magellan, they hurried and the “ Katipunan”.
claimed their victory. • September 12, 1896
• the Spaniards retreated as the body of Magellan was left - group of revolutionaries from Cavite were Executed.
behind. - known as the “Trece Martires de Cavite”
• Spaniards asked help to Rajah Humabon to retrieve the 1. Maximo Inocencio
remains of Magellan but Datu Lapu-Lapu refuses. 2. Maximo Gregorio
• The soldiers returned to Cebu and were poisoned while
3. Severino Lapidario
attending feast given by Rajah Humabon.
4. Luis Aguado
• Elcano and his fleet sailed west and returned to Spain in
5. Alfonso de Ocampo
1522, completing the first circumnavigation of the world.
6. Victoriano Luciano
SPANISH COLONIZATION 7. Feliciano Cabuco
• MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI (1565) 8. Hugo Perez
- introduce the “blood compact” in the Philippines. 9. Jo
REASONS: 10. Eugenio Cabezas
a. GOD - conversion of natives to Christianity. 11. Francisco Osorio
b. GOLD- accumulate wealth 12. Agapito Conchu
13. Agustin • The OSROX Mission
CRY OF PUGADLAWIN - Sergio Osmeńa and Manuel Roxas mission to US
• July 7, 1892 - work for the passage of an independence law of
- gathered in a house and made a blood compact. the Philippines.
- Recruitment was done through a triangle method.
Objectives:
A. Political – separation from Spain
B. Moral - teachings of good moral and hygiene
C. Civic – self-defense of the poor and the oppressed.
• May 10, 1897
- Andres and his brother Procopio were executed in Mt.Tala
Cavite.
• April 23, 1897
- Fernando Primo de Rivera arrived in Manila to minimize
the rebellion.
• December 27, 1897
- Aguinaldo and his associates voluntarily moved to
HongKong for the amount of 800,000 php
• January 20, 1898
- battles between the Filipinos and Spaniards erupted due to
mutual suspicious.

AMERICAN COLONIZATION
• Spanish-American war in 1898
• American was helping Cuba gain independence
from Spain.
• Treaty of Paris
• The Spain ceded Philippines to American in
an amount of $20,000,000.
• December 10, 1898.
• Insular Government of the Philippine Island
- beginning in 1901, the military government
change into civic government.
• Philippine Presidential election
- Election was held in 1935.
Manuel L. Quezon – second president (Commonwealth

• TAFT COMMISSION (March 16,1900-December

1903)
- William Howard Taft
- Second Philippine Commission (Civic Government)
• Philippine Bill of 1902
- Cooper Act
- rights of a Filipino Citizen and other internal
government
• Philippine Assembly
- first national legislative body fully chosen by
elections
• Jones Law of 1916
- framework for a more “autonomous government”
• The Wood-Forbes Mission
- mission conducted to discover whether or not the
Filipinos were ready for independence.