Common UC 1 - Applying Appropriate Sealant - Adhesive

PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTER – KALINGA
Sector: Automotive/Land Transport
Qualification: Driving NC II
Unit of Competency: Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive
Module Title: Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive
Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Driving NC II June 2018 002-20
Date Revised: Issued by:
July 2020
Apply Appropriate PTC Kalinga
Sealant/Adhesive Developed by:
LEA LIBERTY A. WANGAG
Revision # 01 Page |1
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL
Welcome to the module in “Applying Appropriate Sealant/

Adhesive”. This module contains training materials and activities for you
to complete.
The unit of competency "Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive”
covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes on the selection and
application of sealant/adhesives. It is one of the specialized modules
required to complete the qualification Driving NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in
order to complete each learning outcome of the module. Each of the
learning outcomes is provided with Information Sheets (Reference
Materials for further reading to help you better understand the required
activities). Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check
at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer
sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer)
to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t
hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner's guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you do not have to do the same training again. If you have
a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show
it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant
to the unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you
can present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills,
discuss this with your trainer.
A Record of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to
complete once you complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency in Applying Appropriate Sealant/ Adhesive. This will be
the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this
particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum
supervision or help from your instructor.

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Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided
in this module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that you
listen and take notes.
You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and
memory and also your confidence.
Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
Use the self-check at the end of each information sheet and
performance criteria checklist every after task/operation sheet to test
your own progress.
When you are ready, ask your trainer to observe you as you
perform the activities required in this module.
As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for
this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer for
the arrangement of the schedule for an institutional assessment. Once
you have confidently demonstrated the competency you gain to your
assessor he/she will give you a Certificate of Competency on Apply
Appropriate Sealant/ Adhesive. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your competency Achievement Record, Progress Chart and
Trainee’s Record Book.

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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Basic Competency
Participate in Participating in workplace
1 workplace communication 500311105
communication
Work in a team Working in a team
2 500311106
environment environment
Practice career Practicing career
3 500311107
professionalism professionalism
Practice occupational Practicing occupational
4 health and safety health and safety 500311108
procedures procedures
Common Competency
Apply Appropriate Applying Appropriate
1 ALT723201
Sealant/Adhesive Sealant/Adhesive
Move and position Moving and positioning
2 ALT723202
vehicle vehicle
Perform mensuration Performing mensuration
3 ALT311202
and calculation and calculation
Read, interpret and Reading, interpreting, and
4 apply specifications applying specifications and ALT723203
and manuals manuals
Use and apply Using and applying
5 ALT723204
lubricants/coolants lubricants/coolants
Perform shop Performing shop
6 ALT723205
maintenance maintenance

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT TITLE PAGE NO.

How to use this competency-based learning material 2
List of competencies 4
Table of contents 5
Competency Based Curriculum 7
Module content 13
Learning Outcome Summary LO 1 14
Learning experiences 15
Information sheet 1.1-1 16
Self Check 1.1-1 19
Answer Key 1.1-1 20
Self Check 1.1-2 28
Answer Key 1.1-2 29
Self Check 1.2-1 40
Answer Key 1.2-1 41
Self Check 1.2-2 45
Answer Key 1.2-2 46
Self Check 1.3-1 55
Answer Key 1.3-1 56
Task Sheet 1.3-1 57
Performance Criteria 1.3-1 58

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Self Check 1.3-2 65
Answer Key 1.3-2 66
Self Check 1.3-3 71
Answer Key 1.3-3 72
Self Check 1.4-1 79
Answer Key 1.4-1 80
Self Check 1.4-2 85
Answer Key 1.4-2 86
Self Check 1.4-3 92
Answer Key 1.4-3 93

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COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY APPROPRIATE

SEALANT/ADHESIVE
MODULE TITLE : APPLYING APPROPRIATE

SEALANT/ADHESIVE
MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and

application of sealant/adhesives particularly
to identify appropriate sealant and adhesives,
prepare surface for sealant and adhesive,
apply sealant/adhesives evenly, and store
unused/dispose used sealant/adhesive
properly.
NOMINAL DURATION : 4 hours
CERTIFICATE LEVEL : NC II
PREREQUISITE : none
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able

to:
LO 1. Identify appropriate sealant/adhesive

LO 2. Prepare surface for sealant/adhesive
LO 3. Apply sealant/adhesive evenly
LO 4. Store/dispose-of sealant/adhesive.

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LO 1. IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Appropriate sealant and adhesives are identified.
2. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and
manufacturer’s specification.
3. Sealant/adhesive checking is performed to ensure that product
is fit for use.
4. Work safety procedures are applied.
CONTENTS:
1. Use of sealant and adhesive
2. Types and classification of sealant and adhesives
CONDITION:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
1. Equipment/tools/instruments
 Vehicle
 Car lift/bay
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
2. Supplies/materials
 Gasket
 Ribbon sealer
 Different types of sealant/adhesives
 Silicon
3. Instructional materials
 Reference books
 Learning materials
 Modules
METHODOLOGIES:
1. Lecture/demonstration
2. Self paced learning
3. Distance learning
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Written/oral examinations
2. Direct observation
3. Project method
4. Interview

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LO 2. PREPARE SURFACE FOR SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Types of sealant and adhesives are identified according to
surface.
2. Surface materials are identified as per construction
3. Surface is cleaned and free of moisture, dust and other foreign
matters to ensure maximum adhesion or seal.
4. Safety is observed while performing job.
CONTENTS:
1. Types of surface material and appropriate sealant/adhesive to
be used.
2. Techniques and procedures in preparing surfaces for
sealant/adhesive.
CONDITION:
 Vehicle
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
 Reference books
 Modules
 CDs, VHS tapes, transparencies
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Written/oral examination
3. Project method
4. Interview
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LO 3. APPLY SEALANT/ADHESIVE EVENLY
1. Sealant/adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line with
manufacturer’s specification
2. Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or by
scrapping
3. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are
appropriate to job requirements
4. Safety are observed and PPE are worn in accordance with
industry SOP
5. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesives are
identified.
CONTENTS:
3. Tools and materials to be used in applying sealant/adhesive
4. Techniques in applying sealant/adhesive
5. Safety requirements in applying sealant/adhesive
CONDITION:
1. Equipment/tools/instru
ments
 Vehicle
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
 Reference books
 Modules
 CDs, VHS tapes,
transparencies

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Revision # 01 P a g e | 10
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
3. Project method
4. Interview

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LO 4. STORE/DISPOSE OF SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Sealant/adhesive are stored as per prescribed procedure
2. Wastes are disposed as per workshop SOP.
3. Safe handling of sealant/adhesive is observed.
CONTENTS:
1. Sealant/adhesive storing procedures.
2. Waste disposal standard procedures
3. Hazards associated with improper waste disposal
CONDITION:
 Vehicle
 Car lift/bay
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
 Reference books
 Modules
 CDs, VHS tapes, transparencies.
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
3. Project method
4. Interview

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
MODULE TITLE : APPLYING APPROPRIATE

SEALANT/ADHESIVE
MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and

application of sealant/adhesives particularly to
identify appropriate sealant and adhesives,
prepare surface for sealant and adhesive, apply
sealant/adhesives evenly, and store
unused/dispose used sealant/adhesive properly.
NOMINAL DURATION : 4 hours
CERTIFICATE LEVEL : NC II
PREREQUISITE : none
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:
LO 1. Identify appropriate sealant/adhesive
LO 2. Prepare surface for sealant/adhesive
LO 3. Apply sealant/adhesive evenly
LO 4. Store/dispose-of sealant/adhesive.

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LEARNING OUTCOME NO1.1
IDENTIFY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Appropriate sealant and adhesives are identified.
2. Sealant/adhesive selected in line with job requirements and
manufacturer’s specification.
3. Sealant/adhesive checking is performed to ensure that product is fit
for use.
4. Work safety procedures are applied.
CONTENTS:
CONDITION:
2. Vehicle
3. Car lift/bay
4. Putty knife
5. Gloves
6. Apron
7. Mask
8. Scraper
10. Gasket
11. Ribbon sealer
12. Different types of sealant/adhesives
13. Silicon
15. Reference books
16. Learning materials
17. Modules
METHODOLOGIES:
2. Self-paced learning
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Written/oral examinations
3. Project method
4. Interview
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Learning Experience
LEARNING OUTCOME 1.1

Identify appropriate sealant/adhesive
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read information sheet L01.1-1
 Uses of sealant and
adhesive
Read information sheet L01.1-2
 Types and classification
of sealant and adhesives

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Information Sheet LO 1.1-1
USES OF SEALANT AND ADHESIVE
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to:

1. identify the uses of sealant and adhesive
Adhesives and Sealants
Although sealants
and adhesives share many
characteristics, they are not
chemically or structurally identical
and cannot always be used
interchangeably.
a. Sealant is typically a
viscous material that
becomes solid upon
application, where it https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJWRDL-
630OE&psig=AOvVaw00DWEh7GiYdzClgLF3yHxv&ust=1595562124824000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0C
creates a barrier. The AIQjRxqFwoTCKCChfe54uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF
sealant barrier inhibits the penetration of many different elements,

such as liquid, air, fire, or noise, depending on the exact nature of
the sealant. A sealant is generally used to close gaps that other
materials cannot successfully close.
b. Adhesive is a mixture that bonds items together, and can exist in

many states, such as liquid or powder. It often requires the
application of a set temperature to cure it, and is frequently used
to bond thin materials. Some very strong sealants qualify as
adhesives, but weaker sealants primarily fill space, as is the case
with sealant putty
Sealant and Adhesive Functions
a. Sealant Functions
 intended to fill a space between two objects, not necessarily
bond them strongly together
 responsible for creating a barrier, by means of their chemical
composition and physical structure, as well as by properly
adhering to the objects surrounding a space
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 maintain these functional properties under the specified
conditions, if they are properly used and maintained
substrate
substrate
sealant
substrate
substrate
b. Adhesive Functions
 bonds two objects together
substrate
adhesive
substrate
Additives
Adhesives and sealants also differ in the way additives affect their
chemical and physical composition. Additives are classified based on the
function they perform rather than their composition, and although sealants
and adhesives may share other chemical similarities sometimes they require
separate additives.
Common Adhesive Additives
In many adhesives, catalysts are added to enable

polymerization and cross-linking. In epoxy adhesives, catalysts
include amines and anhydrides. Reactive acrylic adhesive systems
also commonly include catalysts, such as peroxides, and UV
adhesives often contain photo-initiators.
a. Colorants (additives that add color) are also frequently

added to adhesives, and include dyes and pigments, such as
titanium oxide coated particles of mica.
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b. Plasticizers, which typically increase the flexibility and
workability of an adhesive, are another common type of
adhesive additive. In latex adhesives, for example, benzoate
plasticizers are added because they work well in conjunction
with base ingredients (for a latex adhesive, namely polyvinyl
acetate or ethylene-vinyl acetate), to increase the mixture’s
flexibility. Some adhesives, such as most types of hot melts,
do not require plasticizers.
c. Fillers, additives that enhance material properties, are

commonly used in both sealants and adhesives and include:
mica, alumina, talc, silica, and calcium carbonate.
Common Sealant Additives
Sealants commonly require stabilizers, and as with

adhesives the stabilizer will depend on the primary components
already present in the mixture. A stabilizer’s primary role is to
increase the shelf-life of the sealant, although it also helps
improve properties. Plasticizers are also frequently used; in latex
sealants, where the primary base ingredient is vinyl acrylic,
phthalates are a common plasticizer additive. Polyurethane
sealants require plasticizers to soften the mixture, in which case
benzoates are typically added.
REFERENCES:
https://www.quora.com/What-are-adhesives-and-sealants
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Self-Check
LO1.1-1
Directions: Fill in the blanks.
1. ________________________ are frequently added to adhesives, and

include dyes and pigments, such as titanium oxide coated particles of
mica.
2. __________________________ is typically a viscous material that

becomes solid upon application, where it creates a barrier.
3. __________________________ increases the flexibility and workability of

an adhesive, are another common type of adhesive additive.
4. __________________________ requires the application of a set

temperature to cure it, and is frequently used to bond thin materials.
5. _________________________ are additives that enhance material

properties.

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Answer Key
LO1.1-1
1. Colorants
2. Sealant
3. Plasticizer
4. Adhesives
5. Fillers

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TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF SEALANT AND ADHESIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to:

1. identify the types and classification of sealant and adhesives
ADHESIVES
Quick-drying contact
adhesive is designed for bonding
cork, rubber, fiber, and metal
gaskets in the place prior to
assembly. Gaskets adhesives form
a tough bond when used on clean,
dry surfaces. Adhesives do not aid
the sailing ability of the gasket.
They are meant only to hold
gaskets in place during component
assembly. Use small dabs; they will https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQxa5i_aBWdGE4NZcR6lW4pZe75Rt3nP9ILHA&us
dry quicker for fast installation. Do qp=CAU
not assemble components until the adhesive completely dry. Most adhesives
are ideal for use on gasket application such as valve covers pushrod covers,
manifold and manifold end seals and oil pan end seals.
Types of Adhesives
There are various types that are made from materials available in
nature or artificially made from chemicals.
Proteins
(i) Soybean Flour: Soybean flour when mixed with a strong alkali like
sodium hydroxide or trisodium phosphate acts as a good
binding material for softwood plywood.
(ii) Animal Blood Glues: The proteins available in the animal blood
such as serum albumin, globulin and red cell hemoglobin are
used to make glue. Mostly blood of cows, hogs, sheep, horses,
etc., are used for making binding materials in fixing plywood.
(iii) Casein Glues: This is made from dried curd casein, lime and
certain chemicals. This is used as a binding material for
furniture woods, paints and sizing agents in wooden canvas.
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Carbohydrate Polymer
(i) Cellulose: Cellulose from wood pulp and cotton linters which is
converted into cellulose esters and ethers by the process of
esterification and etherification, is dissolved in organic solvents
to form glue, which is used as plastic binders.
(ii) Starch: Starch from plants are used as binding material in the
manufacture of paper bags.
(iii) Natural Gum: Natural gums are used as pressure-sensitive tapes,

denture glues, medicinal tablet binders, etc.
Natural Rubber
(i) Latex: These are made from the latex of natural rubber. These
are used in envelopes, leather, tire cords, carpet and
textile industries, etc.
(ii) Solution Adhesive: These are prepared using solid natural

rubber, zinc oxide, antioxidant, sulfur and solvents such
as toluene, naphtha, etc. They are mostly used as
sealants in industries.
(iii) Elastomers: Elastomers are materials that are made from

natural rubber, which are highly flexible, cross-linkable,
high molecular weight polymers. They are used in belt
and shoe manufacture. Butyl rubber is an elastomer used
for auto glass repair, rubber roof installation and various
other applications in the marine industry.
(iv) Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: These are used in surface

protection films, covering the tapes, papers, promotional
graphic materials, and skin contact materials such as
anesthetic patches, wound dressings, etc.
Phenolic Compounds
(i) Lignin: Lignin is a complex polymer that is produced from
paper mills. Binding materials made from lignin are
basically used as binders in roads (non-tarred) and wood.
Premethylolated lignin is becoming very popular in North
America.
(ii) Tannin: Hydrolyzable tannin and condensed tannins are two

different types of tannins, which are used for making
plywood panels.

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Formaldehydes
(i) Urea-Formaldehyde: These are hard, inflammable amino resin
adhesives. The bonds of UF can be affected by water and
moisture, so it has interior applications only.
(ii) Melamine-Formaldehyde: Melamine-Formaldehyde resins are

used in exterior plywood designs and impregnation of
papers.
Hot-Melt
(i) Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Hot-Melts: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)
hot-melt is made up of EVA polymer, resins such as
hydrocarbon, terpene, rosin esters, etc., fillers such as
barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and antioxidants. They
are used in edge veneering and edge banding of wooden
furniture.
(ii) Polyamide Hot-Melts: They are higher in cost as compared to

EVA hot-melts and have good heat-resistive property.
Polyamide hot-melts are used in veneer splicing process of
linking the veneer edges of a decorative wooden surface.
Other Types
(i) Resorcinol: Resorcinol is a phenol which is produced from
resins. It is used as a binding material in the manufacture
of structural fingerjoints and timbers. Its strength is not
affected even during harsh climatic conditions.
(ii) Furan: It is used in wood, cement and glass productions. It

is also used in grinding wheel manufacture.
(iii) Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Unsaturated polyester resins

are used as binding materials in casting plastic materials,
glass fiber lamination, etc.
(iv) Polyurethane: These are used in glass, plastics, ceramics,

wood bindings and also in binding leather and textile
fabrics.
(v) Anaerobic: These are made from a combination of acrylic

esters, which is made by polymerization of acrylonitrile. It
is used for sealing metal castings, pipes and flange joints.
(vi) Ultraviolet Curing: Their bonding strength is very strong and

it can withstand extreme temperatures. They are used in
electronics and telecommunication, medicine, optical
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glasses, etc.
(vii) Heat Curing: Epoxies, urethane and polyimides are

thermosetting materials and are used as heat curing
adhesives in plastics and for various coatings.
All these binding materials are applied on the surfaces using brushes,
rollers, guns, etc. The best property of these materials should be high tensile
strength, high thermal resistance, high cohesive strength, high damping
capacity, resistivity to environmental and chemical fluctuations
Classification of adhesives
a. Natural adhesives are those adhesives that are produced or
extracted from natural resources such as plants or animals, starch,
casein glues or natural rubber are examples of natural adhesives.
b. Synthetic adhesives are those that are not found in nature and are
designed and manufactured by man, we can say that synthetic
adhesives are adhesives laboratory.
Synthetic adhesives are the most widely used adhesives in
the various sectors that use these materials, because the mechanical,
physical and chemical properties of these adhesives are far superior
to natural adhesives.
Sealants
General-purpose sealers
(sometimes called chemical
positioning agents) come in
liquid form and are available in
a brush type (known as brush
tack). General purpose sealers
from a tacky, flexible seal when
applied in a thin, even coat that
aids in gasket sealing by
helping to position the gasket
during assembly. They
chemicals in a general-purpose
sealant will not upset the https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openpr.com%2Fnews%2F1985904%2Fsealant-
market-application-types-region-by-wacker-chemie-
designed performance of most qFwoTCLDz-6e84uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

ag&psig=AOvVaw1LxNZs_upIFNhhnzowc9Qr&ust=1595562766117000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRx
mechanical gaskets. The

possible exception to this is that sealant manufacturers do not recommend
their use on rubber parts. These are non-hardening and can use rubber
gaskets to slip.
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Types of Sealant Materials
a. According to components
There are two types of resin-based sealants available today,
filled and unfilled.
1. Filled sealants are a combination of resins, chemicals, and fillers.

The purpose of the filler is to increase bonding strength and
resistance to abrasion and wear. Due to the hardness and wear
resistance of filled sealants, they must be checked after
placement with articulating paper and adjusted with a dental
hand piece and appropriate bur.
2. Unfilled sealants have a higher ratio of resin to filler material, and

do not need to be adjusted with a dental hand piece; they are in
essence self-occluding. Due to low viscosity (rate of flow) of
unfilled sealants, they readily flow into the pits and fissures.
Because fluoride uptake increases the enamel’s resistance to

caries, the use of a fluoridated resin-based sealant may provide an
additional ant cariogenic effect. Fluoride-releasing sealants have
shown antibacterial properties, as well as a greater artificial caries
resistance compared to a non-fluoridated sealant material. The
fluoride will leach out over a period of time into the adjacent enamel.
Eventually the fluoride content of the sealant should be exhausted,
but the content of the enamel greatly increased.
b. According to use
1. Flexible Sealants
Flexible sealants are most often used on threads of bolt that go
into fluid passages.
They are non-hardening sealers that fill voids. Preventing the
fluid from running-up of treads. They resist the chemical attack of
lubricant, synthetic oils, detergents, antifreeze, gasoline, and diesel.
2. Silicone Formed-in-place Sealants
Sealants gasket can be used to replace conventional paper, cork
and cork/rubber gaskets. It is generally for use on oil pans, valve
covers thermostat housing, timing covers, water pumps, and other
such installations. Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone
sealing products are the best known of the formed-in-place (FIP)
gasket products.

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3. Anaerobic Formed-in-place Sealants
These formed-in-place materials are used for thread locking as
well as gasket. As a retaining compound, they are mostly used to hold
sleeves, bearings, and locking screw nuts in place where there is a
high exposure vibration.
4. Hylomar
Hylomar, which stands for high temperature (hy), low (lo),
Martson (mar) product, is neither an RTV nor an anaerobic. It is a
combination of polyurethane paste and silica (not silicone) flakes
mixed with methylene cholorided solvent. When Hylomar is clamped
in a joint, the silica flakes interlocked and encaptulate the plastic
paste, effectively shielding it from heat, liquids, and contaminants that
might otherwise dissolve it. Because Hylomar never hardens or cures,
the center remains soft and pliabe-like an armor-plated sponge.
As a sealing supplement, Hylomar sticks to vitually any surface,
resists all fluids (including gasoline), and has a claimed temperature
range of 50º to more than 600ºF. In addition, if a Hylomar-coated
gasket is set down wrong, it can be peeled off and reseated without
damage.
5. Ant seize Compounds
Ant size compounds prevent dissimilar metals from reacting
with one another and seizing (Figure 13-28). This chemical-type
material is used on many fasteners, especially those used with
aluminum parts. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations
when using this compound.
Sealant Application Classification

1. Waterproofing
o Expansion joints in Building Facades
o Lap Joints – Flashing/Coping
o Door/Window/Curtain wall perimeters
o Traffic Joints – Vehicular/Pedestrian
o Glazing – Structural/Back bedding
2. Acoustical
o Interior wall joints
o Base and top plate

July 2020
o Thresholds
o Exterior wall joints and window perimeters
3. Fire stopping
o Wall to Wall Joints
o Floor to Floor Joints
o Floor to Wall Joints
o Head of Wall Joints
o Wall Penetrations
4. Glazing Structural – 2-sided / 4-sided
o Back Bedding Adhesive
o Wet Glazing exterior
o IGU sealso Security / Bomb Blast
o High Impact
5. Security
o Pick Proof
o Pick Resistant
o Eliminate Contraband
o Reduce maintenance
o Institutional Use – Prisons/Schools/Hospitals/Animal
Enclosures
6. Pre-Formed Joint Sealants
o Silicone extrusions
o Adhered to substrate with silicone adhesive caulk
o Restoration value
o Available in custom colors and textures
REFERENCE:
Adhesives.org. 15 July 2020. Types of Adhesives. Retrieved from
https://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/science-of-adhesion/design-
of-adhesives-bonds/types-of-adhesives

July 2020
Self-Check LO1.1-2
Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is

incorrect.
________ 1. Natural adhesives are produced or extracted from natural

resources.
________ 2. Synthetic adhesives come from plants or animals, starch,

casein glues or natural rubber.
________ 3. Fillers increase bonding strength and resistance to

abrasion and wear.
_________ 4. Sealants are one type of adhesives.
_________ 5. Synthetic adhesives are designed and manufactured by

man.

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.1-2
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

July 2020
Learning Outcome No. 1.2
PREPARE SURFACE FOR SEALANT/ADHESIVE APPLICATION
1. Types of sealant and adhesives are identified according to

surface.
2. Surface materials are identified as per construction
3. Surface is cleaned and free of moisture, dust and other foreign
matters to ensure maximum adhesion or seal.
4. Safety is observed while performing job.
CONTENTS:
1. Types of surface material and appropriate sealant/adhesive to

be used.
2. Techniques and procedures in preparing surfaces for
sealant/adhesive.
CONDITION:

 Vehicle
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
 Reference books
 Modules
 CDs, VHS tapes, transparencies

July 2020
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
6. Project method
7. Interview

July 2020
Learning Experience

PREPARE SURFACE FOR SEALANT/ADHESIVEAPPLICATION

 Types of surface material Read information sheet L01.2-1
and appropriate
sealant/adhesive to be
used.
 Techniques and Read information sheet L01.2-2
procedures in preparing
surfaces for
sealant/adhesive.

July 2020
Types of Surface Material and Appropriate
Sealant/Adhesive to Be Used
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

1. identify the types of surface material and appropriate
sealant/adhesive to be used
Components that are worn, damaged or broken need not to be

replaced. There is an increasingly wide range of sealants and
adhesives in car accessory shops that allow you to make satisfactory
repairs, thus saving the cost of buying a new component.
Uses of adhesives and sealants

A vast range of sealants and adhesives are available for
repairing many different components in your car.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howacarworks.com%2Ftechnology%2Fvehicle-adhesives-and-
sealants&psig=AOvVaw1g6fiGpF1j7zV6inq5fBDE&ust=1595566923789000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPC0zN3L4uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Plastics, wood, rubber, glass and metals can all be repaired

using adhesives. Sealants can be used to waterproof weather seals
around windows, while cracks in metal casings can be sealed with a
special putty adhesive.
July 2020
Superglues
The simplest repairs you can make are to small non-stressed
items, such as plastic mouldings, badges and trim fittings, that have
fallen off. These can usually be glued back into place with one of the
`superglue' adhesives.
Superglues can be used on most materials but they may

damage some types of plastics, so always check on the packaging
before buying a particular make.
Specialized glues
There is a range of powerful glues on the market for more
specialized jobs such as bonding metals, wood and plastics, or for
filling small gaps in broken components. One of the most useful of
these are anti-vibration adhesives that can be used to secure
mechanical fastenings.
Glass glue
You can buy glues for fixing metal to glass or glass to glass.
More and more cars are being supplied with mirrors stuck on to the
windscreen. While these can stay put for years, they do tend to give
up eventually.
Some of these glues work in the same way as normal glues,

while others have to be exposed to light before they will cure. You can
also refix window catches that have come adrift.
SAFETY TIPS
1. Make sure you read any warnings on the packaging of the
glues or sealants, otherwise you may damage the component
you are working on.
2. Many products must be used only in a well-ventilated area —

don't ignore this warning because the fumes they give off are
often enough to make you pass out.
3. Some types of adhesive can cause considerable irritation if

they come into contact with your skin, so wear gloves when
handling them. If an adhesive does come into contact with
your skin, you can usually wash it off with soap and water. If
you get any in your eyes, wash the affected area with large
amounts of water and seek medical advice straightaway.

July 2020
Removing glues
You need to remove any excess adhesive or sealant from the
repaired component for a neat finish. Most you can simply trim away
with a sharp craft knife. Others, such as window sealants, are messy
and often need to be removed with white spirit or methylated spirit.
You can remove most adhesives from carpets and seats with normal
upholstery cleaner.
Always check, when you buy, if any special cleaning fluid is

needed to remove a particular type of adhesive or sealant.
GENERAL USES OF ADHESIVES/SEALANTS
a. Fixing loose screws

If a bolt or screw constantly vibrates loose, such as the
throttle butterfly screws on a Stromberg carburettor, you can fix
it securely by applying special thread locking adhesive.
How?
1. Remove the fastening and clean
the screw and screw hole threads.
2. Apply a few drops of fluid to the
threads, then refit the screw and
do it up tightly.
3. Allow time for the adhesive to
cure.
Applying lock-tite to a
loose screw
b. Casing repairs
You can repair cracks in an aluminum casing, such as a
gearbox casing, with an adhesive
putty kit.
How?
1. Make sure the affected area is
absolutely clean, using special
cleaning fluid where
recommended

July 2020
2. Thoroughly mix the correct amounts
of resin and hardener together.
3. Apply the putty liberally to the

casing with a spatula.
4. Press it firmly into the damaged

area so it completely fills any
spaces, then smooth it down.
c. Securing studs and bearings

Special adhesives can also be used to secure studs and
bearings. Apart from securing the components, the glue has
further advantages: once applied, it provides an
effective seal against corrosion. This is particularly important
with components such as cylinder head studs which, if they
become corroded, can snap off when you try to remove them.
These adhesives can also be used for securing press-

fit bearings such as wheel bearings. They are especially useful
where there is a slight amount of wear to the bearing housing
which might otherwise mean scrapping the unit. The adhesive
fills the slight gap between the bearing and the housing. It also

July 2020
makes the bearing easier to fit as it provides some lubrication
between the surfaces.
How?
1. Once the parts have been cleaned the adhesive should
be applied sparingly to both surfaces.
2. Fit the components together and allow about 15
minutes for it to cure. The adhesive will be fully cured
after about three hours.
Similar adhesives are also available for keeping

bushes and sleeves in their housings.
d. Repair putty
To fill minor cracks in engine or gearbox casings you can
use repair putty. This can also be applied to a range of metals,
including stainless steel, aluminum and bronze.
The repair kit usually consists of two separate pastes -

resin and a hardener - which have to be mixed together and
then quickly applied to the damaged area.
How?
1. The affected area has to be as clean as possible to
allow the putty to adhere properly. For this use
a solvent cleaning fluid and a scrubbing brush.
2. Thoroughly mix the resin and hardener together in

equal amounts and apply it quickly to the damaged
casing with the spatula provided in the kit.
3. Make sure you leave the putty for about ten hours
before you drive the car. Full strength is reached after
about 72 hours.
e. Waterproofing
Sealants (sometimes called mastics) are used for
waterproofing, such as repairing a leaking window. They are
usually supplied in the form of a large tube with a nozzle at one
end and may be either clear or black. The clear sealants are
used for waterproofing between the weather seal and window
while the black sealants are used between the seal and
bodywork.

July 2020
How?
1. To apply the sealant you gently lift the seal
surrounding the window and insert the nozzle into the
gap.
2. Squeeze the sealant while running the nozzle along the
gap.
f. Bodywork repairs
1. Spray the surface of windscreen and mirror with the
activator. Let the activator dry, apply the adhesive to
the mirror base and hold firmly until set.
2. To stick a badge to the body clean the surfaces, apply

the 'superglue' sparingly and hold the components
together for a few seconds until the glue has set.

July 2020
3. On a wooden dashboard, a piece of trim that has fallen
off can be quickly stuck back on by using an extra
strong bonding glue.
4. To seal a window, lift the weather seal carefully with a

spoon handle. Insert the applicator nozzle into the gap
and squeeze the handle to apply the sealant.
REFERENCES:
How A Car Works. 18 July 2020. Adhesives and Sealants. Retrieved

from https://www.howacarworks.com/technology/vehicle-adhesives-
and-sealants

July 2020
SELF-CHECK 1.2-1
Encircle the letter of your best answer
1. What are superglues used for?

a. Fallen plastic moldings and badges
b. Badges and trim fittings
c. Fallen plastic moldings, badges and trim fittings
d. None of the above
2. What type of glue is used for glass to glass fittings?

a. white spirit
b. methylated spirit
c. glass glue
d. sealant
3. These are used for waterproofing, such as repairing a leaking

window.
a. Glass glue
b. Repair putty
c. Adhesive
d. Sealant
4. Adhesives/sealants must be used only in a ________________

area.
a. No roof
b. Enclosed
c. Air conditioned
d. Well-ventilated
5. How do you remove excess glues or sealants?

a. Use white spirit or methylated spirit
b. A and C
c. Trim away with a sharp craft knife
d. Neither A or C

July 2020
ANSWER KEY 1.2-1
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. B

July 2020
Techniques and Procedures in Preparing Surfaces for
Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

1. identify the techniques and procedures in preparing surfaces
for sealant/adhesive.
Substrate preparation is critical to good preparation and good

adhesion. Poor substrate preparation can contribute to adhesion
problems to remove contamination.
SURFACE TREATMENT IN IMPROVING THE BONDING

PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATES
In bonding mechanisms, it is clear that certain requirements

have to be met by the structure of the substrate if a high-quality
strong bond is to be achieved:
1. The substrate surface must have good wetting properties,

namely the chosen adhesive should not form beads on the
substrate surface but must rather distribute itself (spread)
across the surface.
2. The substrate surface must have good bonding properties,

namely there must be intermolecular and chemical interactions
with the adhesive molecules.
3. The surface layer of the substrate must be securely attached to

the substrate. Imagine for example highly rusted steel supports
that have to be bonded together. If the surface rust layer is not
removed, then rust is merely bonded to rust. On subjecting the
substrates to loads, the rust breaks away together with the
adhesive. In contrast to rust, the oxide layer on aluminium is
very strongly attached to the base material and is a good base
surface for adhesion.
4. After the bonding process, the surface must not change in an

uncontrolled way. Ground steel, for example, rusts – even
under the adhesive film – if the bond is in a moist environment.
In order to create a bond having good long-term stability, solely
grinding the steel surface is inadequate – and in addition
July 2020
suitable measures must be taken to prevent rusting under the
adhesive film when using this steel component in a moist
environment.
These facts emphasize the need for subjecting the substrate to a

surface treatment, to create a surface that meets the abovementioned
criteria.
In general this means treating the materials such that:

1. In a production environment, conditions for bonding are
created that guarantee reproducible bond quality;
2. Wetting and adhesion are improved;
3. The long-term stability of the bonded joints is improved.
In general, a distinction is made between three broad types of

“surface treatment”.
1. Surface preparation
Surface preparation covers cleaning (degreasing) and
preparation (e.g. deburring) of the substrate surface. Process
oils, mold release, dirt, grease, etc. can be removed through:
Appropriate solvent cleaning
o Wipe pr immerse in acetone, IPA, ethyl acetate,
toluene, etc.
Detergent cleaning
o Wash with soap and water rinse, dry thoroughly
2. Surface treatment
This encompasses all mechanical processes (e.g. grinding,
jet-cleaning), chemical processes (Metals: e.g. etching; Plastics:
e.g. gas-phase fluorination) and physical processes (Plastics: low
pressure plasma) that alter the structure and/or chemical
composition of the surface, relative to the starting base material.
Mechanical roughening:
Substrates
o Sandpaper
o Sand blasting
o Metal wool
Chemical treatment
o Chemical treatment is the process of treating a clean
surface by chemical means. The chemical nature of the
substrate surface is altered to make it highly receptive to
adhesion

July 2020
Examples:
Etching with oxalic acid/sulfuric acid/distilled
water
Etching with hydrochloric acid/distilled water
3. Surface post-treatment
This covers all techniques that serve to preserve the
treated surface, e.g. application of a primer.
Use of primers
o One-component, no mixing
o Promote adhesion to difficult-to-bond substrates
o Apply in thin coats (0.5 mil)
o Dry at room temperature and ambient humidity
conditions
o Allow the primer to air-dry for at least 30 minutes before
applying silicone
o When drying, avoid touching the primer or allowing it to
be exposed to dust or water
o Primers
o Flame treatment
o High temperature which oxidizes the surface of the
substrate and provides new functional groups
o Used for many types of plastics
o Corona treatment
o High voltage, high frequency discharge in air; another
oxidation method, in which new functional groups are
produced on the surface
o Plasma treatment
o Neutral and charged species created by a discharge in the
presence of a gas
REFERENCES:
Adhesives.org. 16 July 2020. Adhesive and Sealant Selection Guide.

Retrieved from https://www.adhesives.org/docs/pdfs/adhesive-
sealant-selection-guide _for_oem_body_shops.pdf?sfvrsn=83c09bfb_0
Adhesives.org. 16 July 2020. Use of Adhesives. Retrieved from

https://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/adhesives-sealants-
overview/use-of-adhesives/surface-treatment/surface-pretreatment
July 2020
Self-Check LO1.2-2
Enumeration:
List down the three broad types of surface treatment.

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.2-1
1. Surface preparation
2. surface pretreatment
3. Surface post-treatment

July 2020
APPLY SEALANT/ADHESIVE EVENLY
1. Sealant/adhesive is applied evenly on the surface in line
with manufacturer’s specification
2. Excess sealant/adhesive is removed by sanding or by
scrapping
3. Tools and equipment used to apply sealant/adhesive are
appropriate to job requirements
4. Safety are observed and PPE are worn in accordance with
industry SOP
5. Hazards associated with the use of sealant and adhesives
are identified.
CONTENTS:

3. Tools and materials to be used in applying
sealant/adhesive
4. Techniques in applying sealant/adhesive
5. Safety requirements in applying sealant/adhesive
CONDITION:

1. Equipment/tools/instruments  CDs, VHS tapes,
 Vehicle transparencies
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
 Reference books
 Modules

July 2020
.
METHODOLOGIES:
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
3. Project method
4. Interview

July 2020
Learning Experiences
APPLY SEALANT/ADHESIVE EVENLY

 Tools and materials to be Read information sheet L01.3-1
used in applying
sealant/adhesive
 Techniques in applying Read information sheet L01.3-2
sealant/adhesive
 Safety requirements in Read information sheet L01.3-3
applying sealant/adhesive

July 2020
Tools and Materials to Be Used In Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to identify:
1. the tools and materials to be used in applying sealant/adhesive
TOOLS IN APPLYING ADHESIVES
1. grease pencil or masking tape

- used to measure and mark the area where the decal will be placed
2. handy spray bottle premixed with water and a few drops of liquid dish
soap as an application fluid
- used to mist the sticky side of the decal
3. rigid plastic bond-type spreader/paddle
- used to press the graphics down firmly and squeezes out air
bubbles
4. alcohol/wax remover
- removes excess wax/detail solution
How To Apply Adhesive Vinyl

1. Unpack & Unroll
Unpack right away, unroll and allow them to ’relax’ in a warm, dry
place to help flatten after shipping. Look for the printed instructions in
the box.
2. Clean And Mark Vehicle Surface

Use alcohol or other wax remover to
remove excess wax / detail solution. Vinyl
will not adhere well to waxes or detail
solution (most are silicone based). Measure
and mark the area where your decal will go
with a grease pencil or masking tape to make
July 2020
a level guideline. If your panel isn’t level, you may need to ’trick’ your
eye by what looks best.
3. Separate Graphics From Liner

Your graphics are pre-masked with
’transfer tape’ to help you lift and position
them. DON'T TAKE OFF THE TAPE yet. Place
decal face down on a clean, flat surface and
carefully separate the waxy paper backing
from the taped numbers. Try not to touch the
exposed adhesive surface of the vinyl.
4. Mist With Application Fluid / Position On Vehicle

Use a very light mix of water and a few
drops of liquid dish soap. Spray the sticky
side of the decal. Swipe your fingers over the
liquid to spread it on the back of the decal and
reduce bubbles. (You can also spray your
door/panel with fluid and swipe in the same
manner before you do the decal.) Then
position the decal on your marks. If you miss,
pull up carefully and reposition. Don’t slide it
around. You will get a couple of shots before it
really sticks.
5. Paddle/Rub Down Decal

Use a rigid plastic bond-type
spreader/paddle to firmly, but gently, press
the graphics down and squeeze out air — use
smooth even strokes working from the center
out to the edges to eliminate bubbles. Don’t go
back and forth, paddle in one direction.

July 2020
6. Peel Off Tape
Once the graphics are firmly in place,
peel off the transfer tape using low and even
pressure. If part of the decal seems to lift,
reposition the tape and paddle some more.
Allowing graphics to rest a bit before peeling
tape will help — especially if you used a lot of
fluid. If you experience any large bubbles, you
can pierce them with a pin and gently press
out excess water or air with a soft cloth.
Tips!
 Don't apply in direct sunlight
 Remove wax and detail solution before applying
 Temperature should be at least 60°F/15.6°C for vinyl to adhere well
 Clean minor dirt/scuff marks with soft cloth, soap & water
 Use car wax on decals to keep them looking great
TOOLS IN APPLYING SEALANTS
1. Passive Round Tip Spatula

2. Aggressive Pointed Tip Spatula

July 2020
3. Caulk Gun
Image source: www.ebay.com
4. Sealant of choice
Image source: www.bing.com/images
Steps in Applying Silicone Sealant
1. Clean the surface.

Remove loose materials and contaminants with a knife or a scraper.
Clean with a vacuum or brush to maximize the seal from the silicone’s
sealant. If there are residues such as oil, glue, or old sealant, remove
them with a degreaser or a spirit. You can also utilize masking tape to
remove loose materials from hard to reach areas.
2. Dispense sealant into the joints, overfill them slightly.

July 2020
3. PUSH forward with along
the joint with a passive or
traditionally shaped
(rounded tip) spatula.
Smooth and remove the
excess caulk by scooping
it off the substrate.
4. PULL the sealant back

towards you using an
aggressive shaped (pointed
tip) spatula, giving it the
hourglass shaped profile that
most sealant manufacturers
recommend for the best
elongation characteristics.
Take note of the shallow
angle of the spatula in this
step.
5. FINISHED - Remember to clean off your spatulas for longer lasting tool!
REFERENCES:
Albion Experts Solutions. 7 May 2018. How To Tool Sealants In Horizontal
Joints. Retrieved from https://albionexpertsonline.blogspot.com/2018/05
/how-to-tool-sealants-in-horizontal.html
Henkel Adhesive Technologies. 20 July 2020. Industrial Sealants. Retrieved
from https://www.henkel-adhesives.com/ph/en/products/industrial-
sealants.html
July 2020
Self-Check LO1.3-1
Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. This is used to remove excess wax/detail solution before applying

adhesives.
a. Water
b. Oil
c. Alcohol
d. Wax
2. Presses down graphics firmly and squeezes out the air bubbles
a. spreader
b. masking tape
c. spatula
d. soft plastic
3. Tool in dispensing sealants

a. Caulk gun
b. spatula
c. soft plastic
d. spreader
4. Removes residues such as oil, glue or old sealant

a. Water
b. Oil
c. Wax
d. degreaser
5. Other term for degreaser

a. Dishwashing liquid
b. spirit
c. Wax
d. oil

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.3-1
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. B

July 2020
TASK SHEET 1.3-1 Install Adhesive
Performance Objective Given the appropriate tools and materials,

install adhesive in line with job requirements
and manufacturer’s specification within 25
minutes.
Tools and materials 1. adhesive
2. grease pencil or masking tape
3. handy spray bottle premixed with water
and a few drops of liquid dish soap
4. rigid plastic bond-type spreader/paddle
5. alcohol/wax remover
Steps/Procedure
1. Unpack and unroll the new adhesive carefully
2. Clean and mark vehicle surface
3. Separate graphics from liner
4. Mist with application fluid
5. Position adhesive on marked vehicle surface
6. Rub down gently with spreader/paddle
7. Peel off transfer tape gently
8. Present your task to your trainer
Assessment Method:
 Demonstration with oral questioning

July 2020
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.3-1
Trainee’s Name: __________________________ Date: ________________
Criteria
YES NO
Did I…….?
1. Unpack and unroll the new adhesive carefully?
2. Clean and mark vehicle surface ?
3. Separate graphics from liner?
4. Mist with application fluid?
5. Position adhesive on marked vehicle surface?
6. Rub down gently with spreader/paddle?
7. Peel off transfer tape gently?
8. Present your task to your trainer?
Comments/Suggestions:
Trainer’s Signature: ______________________ Date: _____________________

July 2020
Techniques in Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. describe the techniques in applying sealant/adhesive
APPLICATION PROCESS
A wide range of equipment is available to help you apply virtually any

adhesive or sealant during the manufacturing process. If your operation calls
for sealing, gluing, bonding or molding, five application methods are typically
used to deposit material to the part – dots/beads, spray, web coating, wheel or
brush. The right material application method is based on your specific
production requirements and the type of material being used.
1. DOTS/BEADS
There are a variety of options available for achieving precise,
consistent dot and bead patterns.
a. Hand Gun
Typical handgun systems can
be cartridge-based or hose fed.
Cartridge-based systems are
portable, but require frequent
refilling and costly cartridges. In
addition, product quality is
dependent on operator skill.
However, these manual dispensers a
versatile, inexpensive option for
touchups, low-volume assembly and
field work. They provide a clean,
comfortable alternative to squeeze
bottles and hand syringes, also have
mechanical leverage that makes it easy to dispense thick materials
like greases and silicones without hand fatigue.

July 2020
Hose fed handgun systems minimize physical stress and
fatigue when manually applying hot melt adhesives. They are ideal
for horizontal gluing applications on flat panels, with select nozzles
for producing bead or spiral spray patterns. The hose fed handgun
has spray patterns that range from 0.25 to 6 inches wide (6 to 152
mm), offering more consistent output than cartridge-based systems
to optimize productivity. Many handguns are also designed with
ergonomic configurations that allow operators to maintain a
neutral wrist position and cool-touch handles for added safety.
b. Automatic Pneumatic Gun
Air-driven guns provide accurate timing and are insensitive

to material viscosity and system pressure. Today’s most innovative
automatic pneumatic guns deliver reliable, long-life operation,
which reduce actuation module replacement costs. In addition,
many incorporate design features – like color-coding to identify
actuation (AO/AC and AO/SC), easy-on features for faster
installation and special configurators to help you determine the
right gun for your application. Highly reliable and accurate,
automatic pneumatic guns can run at speeds that exceed 3500
cycles per minute.
c. Automatic Electric Gun

Automatic electric guns can accommodate very fast cycle
times (in excess of 3000 per hour). Typically incorporating an all-
electric driver to optimize performance, these guns can achieve
greater pattern control and consistency. In addition, by eliminating
July 2020
the used of compressed air and dynamic seals, automatic electric
guns lower operating costs and minimize module maintenance.
They also have longer service life compared to pneumatic guns,
reducing replacement costs.
4. Jetting
A non-contact
application method used to
apply dots of material only.
It is used quite often
in electronics applications
because it is known for
dispensing material in small
spaces – as tight as 175
micrometers at speeds up to
400 mg/second.
In operation, the jet
"flies" over the part or
substrate, and using a
patented high-speed
mechanism, shoots precise
volumes of fluid in dots, lines and patterns. The result is very fast,
very accurate material application. In addition, jet dispensers are
easy and quick to clean in 10 minutes or less with no tools
required.
2. SPRAY
When considering spray application methods, manufacturers must
consider material viscosity, overspray issues and pattern control
requirements.
a. Air Spray
Low Volume Low Pressure (LVLP) spray systems provide consistent
coating of low viscosity fluids. Here, microliter to milliliter amounts can
be reliably dispensed in round patterns with diameters ranging from 4.3
to 50.8 mm (0.17" to 2.0") and in fan patterns with widths up to 165.1
mm (6.5").
The combination of adjustable fluid flow, adjustable nozzle air and
post-air cutoff provides good spray control, but often, the challenge of
overspray must be addressed.

July 2020
b. Airless Spray
Automatic airless spray guns
are designed to deliver maximum
reliability in high-production airless
painting, sealant and adhesive
applications. They are suitable for
moderate viscosity materials, and
can provide fine atomization and
controlled deposition with minimal
overspray. Air-actuated guns
provide fast response times (30 to
40 milliseconds) and high-speed
cycling capability (up to 2500 cycles
per minute), and are ideal for coating situations requiring precise
material application.
c. Fiberized Spray
Continuous fibers provide
very accurate pattern control and
minimize overspray. Typically
fiberization forms an open, netlike
pattern that is a swirl, meltblown
or random fiber.
Swirl spray nozzles improve

bond strength and product quality
in hot melt adhesive nonwovens
and product assembly laminating
applications. Many applicators
allow you to control adhesive fiber
size, density and pattern width for
better bond performance.
Typically, you can produce low-density, large-fiber patterns for maximum
bond strength; open patterns for absorbency; or highly dense fine-fiber
patterns for heat-sensitive substrates.
Meltblown spray nozzles enhance high-speed production with

random hot melt adhesive coatings for continuous applications. Ideal for
wide-web lamination, meltblown spray coatings improve appearance and
hand-on personal hygiene products and produce excellent fine-fiber
coatings in high-speed tissue plybonding.
July 2020
There are also nozzles available to produce random hot melt
adhesive coatings for continuous high-speed lamination of roll-based
materials. These are typically used in nonwovens, wide and narrow web
coating, and general manufacturing and assembly applications. Random
fiber nozzles help achieve dense, uniform coverage with tight edge control
and patterns that can yield consistent bonding, tolerate process
parameter changes, and help improve product quality.
3. WEB COATING
There are a variety of options available for web coating
applications.
a. Slot Applicator (On- or Off-Roll)

High-performance slot applicators
deliver precise intermittent and
continuous hot melt adhesive coatings.
Slot applicators provide accurate
thickness control, with a closed system
that minimizes premature drying or
curing. Most can offer clean adhesive cut-
off, and can accommodate cycle rates of
4,000 and 5,000 per minute depending
on their design specifics. Slot applicators
are available in a range of application
widths, with other options that include
several options, including anti-stick coating, low-volume output and
additional shim plates and slots.
b. Fiberized Spray
A continuous fiber spray provides very accurate pattern control
and minimal overspray. This non-contact application method is excellent
for textured webs, forming an open, netlike pattern.
Typically used in hot melt adhesive nonwovens and product

assembly laminating applications, fiberized spray nozzles improve bond
strength and product quality. Many applicators allow you to control
adhesive fiber size, density and pattern width for better bond performance.
You can also produce low-density, large-fiber patterns for maximum bond
strength; open patterns for absorbency; or highly dense fine-fiber patterns
for heat-sensitive substrates.
July 2020
c. Wheel/Roller
Wheel and roller applicators provide a variety of pattern options, but
may require frequent cleaning if the adhesive cures on it. These
applicators apply hot melt adhesive from the top, the bottom or side, and
patterns can be tailored to meet specific production needs.
d. Dip
Dip application methods are suitable for thick coatings of low
viscosity adhesive.
4. WHEEL
Wheel applicators provide a variety
of pattern options, but may require
frequent cleaning if the adhesive cures on
it. These applicators apply hot melt
adhesive from the top, the bottom or side,
and patterns can be tailored to meet
specific production needs.
5. BRUSH
The brush application method is the least consistent and reliable of
all. Here, product quality is dependent on operator skill
REFERENCES:
https://www.adhesives.org/adhesives-sealants/adhesives-sealants-overview/use-of-
adhesives/application-equipment/application-process

July 2020
Self-Check LO1.3-2
Enumerate 5 kinds of sealant/adhesive application process

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.3-2
1. Dots/Beads
2. Spray
3. Web Coating
4. Wheel
5. Brush

July 2020
Safety Requirements in Applying Sealant/Adhesive
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to :
1. identify the safety requirements in applying sealant/adhesive
Safety requirements for adhesives
It’s essential to follow proper safety precautions when doing tasks

involving using contact adhesives.
Some substances can be harmful. Toluene is a good example. This clear

liquid, with its distinctive smell, is widely used as a solvent in contact
adhesives. If a product containing toluene is applied incorrectly, it can be
harmful to your health. If you’re using contact adhesives, make sure to choose
products that won’t put your health (or that of anyone who is helping you) at
risk.
According to experts, exposure to high levels of Toluene may affect

organs and systems in the body. This chemical is also highly addictive and
intentional long-term exposure can have severe effects. Even low to moderate
exposure can lead to light-headedness and headaches, among other symptoms.

July 2020
"When selecting contact adhesives, we tend to only think about the features
that will help us to get the job done. However, it’s also important to consider
whether these products pose any risks to our health.
Do’s of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Use sufficient protection.

Some of the most
common injuries people
experience when using
silicone adhesives and
sealants are an electrical
shock, skin burns, and eye
injuries. Having sufficient
protection can help prevent
these injuries. Always
wear safety goggles to
protect against eye injuries,
and wear surgical masks
over your mouth and nose if
you are using a type of glue
that gives off fumes.
Gloves can also be
worn to protect against
http://megacomfort.com/a-step-towards-safety-with-ppe/
burns, but do keep in mind
that rubber gloves can melt,
and this can lead to an even more grave injury if they get in contact with
the hot glue. Gloves made from canvas and leather are better options.
Long pants, long sleeves, and closed-toe shoes are also advisable.
2. Use a primer whenever possible.

Primers are valuable because they help sealants adhere to your
chosen surface. Primers may have a short shelf life, but they help improve
adhesion by 20%. There are a few solvent-based primers that can be
applied by brush or by cloth.
3. Consider the sealant’s shelf life.

The majority of sealants sold today cure at the rate of 2-3mm per
24 hours, and this is exactly why they will not last forever in the tube. They
have an especially short shelf life if in hot and humid conditions. Keeping
July 2020
them in the refrigerator will help extend their days, and keeping nozzles
always attached will also help them cure slowly. Obviously, refrain from
opening the tubes until you are ready to use them.
4. Prep your workspace.

Keep in mind that other people, and even pets, may come in contact with
your workspace while you are working, so make sure your glue gun is safely
away from children and animals. Choose a work area that is near a power
source so you won't need an extension cord. All surfaces in your workspace
should be covered with or made of non-flammable material. Clear away any
loose papers and materials that can catch fire.
Note: An Easy Way to Remove Sealant

Manufacturers always get queries from people asking if there is
any miracle substance that can help remove sealant. Well, the
answer to this is a resounding "No." the only way you will be able
to remove sealant is through mechanical methods, such as a
cheese wire or sharp knife, or by abrading it with a sander.
Don'ts of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Not choosing the right adhesive

Before you purchase silicone adhesive or sealant for your project,
you must check the materials you are working with. There are adhesives
made especially for certain materials.
2. Not checking the expiration date

Before purchasing silicone adhesives and sealants, make sure it is
not out of date. This is a small detail that is easily overlooked. Silicone
sealant undergoes changes if it is past its shelf life. Tubes that are out of
date take a longer time to dry and are no longer potent.
3. Not cleaning the surface

If there is any grime, oil, grease, or other residues on the surfaces
which you are working with, you will have a difficult time forming a solid
and good bond. Make sure you clean surfaces thoroughly and let them dry
before proceeding with your work.

July 2020
4. Not following instructions
There are various types of sealants and adhesives, and they come
with slightly different instructions for how they are to be used, particularly
in terms of how long it takes for the sealant to dry. There are very strong
adhesives which might need to be mixed with other substances before use.
Therefore, always read the instructions and follow them to the letter.
5. Not using pressure

Gluing two pieces of metal together is different from using glue
with paper and waiting for it to dry on its own. Pressure has to be applied
to ensure the bond formed is as strong as possible. A vise or clamp can
hold the pieces together with a firm pressure so that the adhesive can bond
to the metal surfaces which have been prepared prior. Wait as long as
possible before removing the clamp, and allow the adhesive ample time to
dry. Do not hasten the process, Otherwise, you will have problems.
If you do come into contact with contact adhesives, follow these

guidelines:
On your hands: Wash well with soap and water. Use a skin moisturizer
afterwards.
In your eyes: Wash immediately with copious amounts of running water for at
least 10 minutes. Cover the affected eye with a sterile bandage. Consult an eye
specialist.
If you swallow it: Flush your mouth and drink plenty of water. Consult a
doctor.
If you inhale it: Move to fresh air and/or put on an oxygen mask (if available).
Consult a doctor.
REFERENCES:
https://www.property24.com/articles/safety-tips-for-using-contact-
adhesive/20341
https://www.bond-tech-industries.com/safety-tips-working-industrial-
adhesive/
http://www.brackett-inc.com/literature/adhesivesafety-tips.pdf
https://www.gluegun.com/blogs/adhesive-reviews/the-dos-and-donts-of-
working-with-silicone-adhesives-and-sealants
July 2020
Self-Check LO1.3-3
A. Enumerate 3 of the Do’s in using silicone sealant/adhesive
B. Enumerate 2 of the Don’t’s in using silicone sealant/adhesive

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.3-3
A. Do’s of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Use sufficient protection
2. Use a primer whenever possible
3. Consider the sealant’s shelf life.
4. Prep your workspace.
B. Dont’s of Using Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
1. Not choosing the right adhesive
2. Not checking the expiration date
3. Not cleaning the surface
4. Not using pressure
5. Not following instructions

July 2020
Learning Outcome 1.4
STORE/DISPOSE OF SEALANT/ADHESIVE
1. Sealant/adhesive are stored as per prescribed procedure
2. Wastes are disposed as per workshop SOP.
3. Safe handling of sealant/adhesive is observed.
CONTENTS:
1. Sealant/adhesive storing procedures.
2. Waste disposal standard procedures
3. Hazards associated with improper waste disposal
CONDITION:
Equipment/tools/instruments
 Vehicle
 Car lift/bay
 Putty knife
 Gloves
 Apron
 Mask
 Scraper
 Sander
Supplies/materials
 Paper
 Pencil
 Solvent
 Sand paper
Instructional materials
 Reference books
 Modules
 CDs, VHS tapes, transparencies.
METHODOLOGIES:
2. Self-paced learning

July 2020
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
3. Project method
4. Interview

July 2020
Learning Experience
STORE/DISPOSE OF SEALANT/ADHESIVE

 Sealant/adhesive storing Read information sheet L01.4-1
procedures.
 Waste disposal standard Read information sheet L01.4-2
procedures
 Hazards associated with Read information sheet L01.4-3
improper waste disposal

July 2020
SEALANT/ADHESIVE STORING PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. describe the sealant/adhesive storing procedures
Hazardous materials, by nature, can harm children or adults if you fail

to store the dangerous substances safely. Proper storage reduces the risk of
accidents involving hazardous materials. If the substance is ignitable,
corrosive, toxic or reactive, then it is hazardous. A majority of household
chemicals and materials fit these categories, including paint, motor oil,
antifreeze, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, cleaning agents, adhesives, arts
and craft materials, aerosol cans, propane cylinders, moth repellents, batteries,
smoke detectors, televisions, cell phones and ammunition.
Keep your family safe by properly treating, transporting, disposing of and
storing all hazardous materials.
Steps:
1. Follow all the storage instructions on the product label. Storage
requirements vary based on the hazardous property a material has.
2. Be sure to store all volatile products in well-ventilated

areas. Fumes can be toxic to humans and animals.

July 2020
3. Make certain you store flammable products in the recommended
temperature range. The containers will bulge if you store them in
temperatures that are too high. Liquid materials will expand, freeze
and burst if you store them in temperatures that are too low.
4. Keep all hazardous materials out of the reach of children and

away from all animals.
o Buy products with safety lids whenever possible.
o Put all hazardous materials stored in the house, garage or
basement behind locked doors.
5. Use the original container to store the hazardous material. If the

label is lifting off, use a transparent tape to secure it.
6. Reduce the amount of hazardous materials you keep in

storage. Purchase only the amount necessary to complete your
current job. You may find it better to discard leftover product rather
than storing it. Just make sure you follow the proper process for
disposing of hazardous materials.
7. Do periodic maintenance storage areas?

o Look for problems inside each storage area on a regular basis. Be
sure there are no apparent fumes.

July 2020
o Inspect all hazardous material containers. Make sure you can
clearly see each label. The containers should be free of rust,
bulges, dents or leaks.
o Use a separate broom and dustpan for chemical cleanup. Be sure
to lock these tools away when you are not using them.
How to Store Your Construction Adhesive
Storing adhesives the right way allows you to use your adhesive to
complete multiple projects over time instead of throwing it away after one use.
Simple tips for storing your adhesive:
For Squeeze Tubes
Step 1. After using your adhesive, squeeze a small amount of adhesive

into the cap before placing the cap back on the tube.
Step 2. Gently snug the cap in place so that the adhesive in the cap is
squeezed out along the edges of the tube opening. Applying a small
amount of adhesive in the cap ensures the tube opening will stay
clear of dried adhesive and will be ready for use on your next project.
Step 3. Store in a cool place, preferably with a temperature of less than

85°F.

July 2020
For Cartridges
Step 1. After usage, gun a small amount of adhesive out.
Step 2. Allow it to dry at the end of the cartridge tip. Allowing a small
amount of adhesive to dry at the tip will form a natural plug, which
can later be removed. This will ensure the tube opening stays clear of
dried adhesive and will be ready to use on your next project.
Step 3. Store in a cool place, preferably with a temperature of less than

85°F.
REFERENCES:
https://www.wikihow.com/Store-Hazardous-Materials
https://www.liquidnails.com/how-to/where-you-keep-your-construction-
adhesives-can-mak
https://www.adhesiveplatform.com/proper-storage-of-epoxy-adhesives-
supports-efficiency/

July 2020
Self-Check LO1.4-1
A. What are the steps in storing adhesives in squeezer tubes ?

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.4-1
Step 1.
After using your adhesive, squeeze a small amount of adhesive into the cap
before placing the cap back on the tube.
Step 2.
Gently snug the cap in place so that the adhesive in the cap is squeezed out
along the edges of the tube opening. Applying a small amount of adhesive in
the cap ensures the tube opening will stay clear of dried adhesive and will be
ready for use on your next project.
Step 3.
Store in a cool place, preferably with a temperature of less than 85°F.

July 2020
WASTE DISPOSAL STANDARD PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. describe the Proper Waste disposal standard procedures
Standard Operating Procedure in disposing Adhesives/Sealants
Exposure Assessment:
Skin Contact
• Hazardous Chemicals
Some adhesives contain chemicals that can be hazardous to skin.
Avoid all possible skin contact with adhesives.
• Skin Attachment
Adhesives that attach to skin can cause serious harm. The
adhesive could then attach to another surface that it comes into
contact with. This could be quite dangerous. Avoid all possible
skin contact with adhesives.
Fumes
• Flammable Vapors
Many adhesives are flammable and give off flammable vapors. High
vapor concentrations near a spark, hot element, or open flame may
ignite causing severe burns.
• Hazardous Vapors
Some adhesives contain chemicals that produce dangerous fumes.
These vapors can cause serious damage to one’s health.
Control Plan:
• Always wear gloves when handling adhesives to avoid contact with skin
• Wear protective garments to cover exposed skin
• Be familiar with chemicals in adhesive being used
July 2020
• Wear safety glasses at all times while using adhesive in case of splashing
o If necessary, wear a face guard too
• Work in a well-ventilated area when using adhesives to avoid inhaling
vapors or build-up of flammable vapors
• Keep adhesive a safe distance away from any exposed skin
• Keep adhesive away from sparks, heating elements, open flame, or any
other source that may cause ignition of adhesive or fumes
• Keep adhesive bottle closed when not being applied
• Do not wear neckties, jewelry, or loose clothing, as they could come into
contact with adhesive
• Tie up long hair or wear protective hair covering to prevent hair from
coming in contact with adhesive
Experimental Procedures:
• Put on all safety equipment and tie back loose hair or clothing
• Check to make sure correct adhesive is ready to be used
• Prepare work space by laying down brown paper
• Prepare work piece for adhesive operation on top of brown paper work
space
• When ready, open adhesive bottle and use right away on work piece as
desired o Keep all exposed skin away from adhesive during application
• Close adhesive bottle right away
• Leave work piece in desired position to let adhesive attach and dry to
work piece
• Remove work piece when finished
• Clean workspace. Dispose of any unwanted remains (see Waste
Management Procedures)
• Return adhesive to its appropriate location
Waste Management Procedures:

When finished with the adhesive, put it away promptly. Always clean the area
and watch out for any adhesive that may remain. Paper towels and cleaning
solution (including adhesive remover) can be found in G217-11. Dispose of
any leftover material or debris appropriately.
Place all other materials back in the appropriate place.
Spill and Accident Procedures:

If an accident occurs, report immediately to the lab supervisor (G217-05) or
other appropriate staff member. If no one is around, dial 911 on the landline
July 2020
phone near the door of G217-11 to reach the campus police. If needed, the lab
first aid kit is located on the wall near the sink. A first aid pamphlet from
DEHS is located in all of the MDC’s first aid kits.

July 2020
Self-Check LO1.4-2
A. According to the Standard Operating Procedure on waste disposal, what are

the waste management procedures?

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.4-2
 Always clean the area and watch out for any adhesive that may remain.
Paper towels and cleaning solution (including adhesive remover) can be
found in G217-11. Dispose of any leftover material or debris
appropriately.
 Place all other materials back in the appropriate place.

July 2020
Hazards Associated With Improper Waste Disposal
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. recognize the hazards associated with improper waste disposal
6 Negative Effects of Improper Waste Management
Most of us can claim to have

read up on waste management
processes. However, it should come as
no surprise that despite our best
efforts, the damage has continued, only
at a different rate. We have come a long
way in efficiently dealing with waste,
yet several key problems continue to
merge and injure the planet at large.
Negative effects of improper

waste management not only ends in a
disgusting view but also affects the
overall economy of a country. State has
to spend a lot of money to counter the
effects of improper waste management.
Moreover, animals depended on the environment also face a great threat due to
the oil spills and leaching of chemicals which directly cause soil and water
contamination. Burning of any disposed waste and plastic materials results in
air and environmental pollution.
Though we all are familiar with common methods of waste management

like landfills, incineration, recycling, biological processing or energy
conservation; we find ourselves living in a world filled with waste. Renewable
energy and recycling took us to newer heights, but the adverse effects of
improper waste management continue to plague us.

July 2020
Some of the catastrophic effects of today’s poor waste management systems are
listed below:
1. Waste Management & Soil Contamination

Ideally, we would like our plastic, glass, metal and paper waste to
end up at a recycling facility. It then returns to us as a renewable product.
But the reality is entirely different. Have a look at the informative image
below.

July 2020
For example, here’s what happens when a plastic water bottle is
incorrectly sent to a landfill, or left, at any other place, to be absorbed by the
soil.
Plastic water bottles eventually break down to release a harmful
component called, DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE (DEHA). (A carcinogen which
hurts our reproductive capabilities, causes liver dysfunction and weight loss
issues.)
DEHA seeps into the surrounding areas of the soil and water bodies to
harm the animal and plant life depends on it.
2. Water Contamination via Improper Wastes

Water is an excellent solvent; it
can contain numerous dissolved
chemicals. As a result, while moving
through, water picks up pollution
along the way. It often has dissolved
substances like various chemicals
and gases.
Rainfall easily mixes to toxic liquid
substances and seeps into the water
streams to end up in nearby water
bodies. Thus, the neighbourhood
fountain, pond, lake or even drinking
water taps are susceptible to the
dangers of contamination.
The victims? All living organisms including us, humans.
3. Severe Weather Due to Climate Contamination

Firstly, harmful greenhouse gases are created from decomposing
waste. These rise up to the atmosphere and trap heat. This adversely
causes extreme weather reactions in the form of storms and typhoons.
How else are we impacted? Well, apart from temperature what is also
drastically affected is the level of precipitation in the air. From acid rain to
severe hail storms or global warming – everything is fair game at present.
This also spreads out into other areas with regards to subdivisions such
as thermal and radioactive pollution.

July 2020
4. How The Air is Contaminated
A lot of it leaves us feeling

hopeless for we feel unable to make
necessary changes. We think we
cannot consume any less. Even so, we
can, at least, follow strict protocol over
how it’s recycled.
On the occasions paper and
plastic are burned at the landfill,
causing landfill gas, the chemicals
released which accumulate and
contribute to the ozone layer and also
hurt the surrounding human population. Methane gas adds to it as well.
Besides, with chemicals such as dioxin out there, the air has been proven to
have harmful effects on us. All of it, and especially when improper waste
management is concerned, play a significant role in causing global warming.
5. Harm Towards Animal and Marine Life
Despite strict measures to stop

it, the dumping of garbage, raw or
untreated sewage continues. Any
animal or marine life coming in contact
gets impacted in the worst of ways. The
inevitable formation of algal bloom and
clusters contaminates and eventually
suffocates marine life such as coral and
fish.
According to Conservation
International, consumption of fishing
lines, cigarette butts, plastic bottles
and Styrofoam can kill millions of
marine lives each year. Furthermore, it is a vicious cycle which feeds itself.
Waste is dumped into the ground, then absorbed by the soil and
groundwater. Waste contaminates the land on which we grow food and
provides water for us and animals. Waste in the marine life kills fish.
Carcasses float on the surface, and we see mosquitoes feed on it. The diseases
carrying mosquitoes now spread sickness and death among the living
population

July 2020
6. Human Damage
Consider the majority of the human population where we do not see any
scientific waste management system. Such places may possess a system, but
there is no disposal area to be found. Those who are at significant risk are:
 Children and those who live near such facilities
 Waste disposal workers
 Employees whose workplaces manufacture or come into contact
with waste materials
Think about the fires at
landfills and its effects on us.
Whether coming from the air or its
accumulation in our cellars, those
landfill gases have been exposed for
causing cancer, create respiratory
and visibility problems, and the
explosion of cans put people nearby
at constant risk.
Additionally, when we come in

contact with waste, it causes skin
irritation and blood infections. We
also contract diseases from flies
which are carriers of illnesses after
breeding on solid waste. With
regards to mosquitoes, we know,
besides feeding on dead fish, they
find sewage, rainwater, tires, cans
and other objects to be ideal
breeding grounds. They carry and
spread diseases such as malaria
and dengue.
With an abundance of disease-carrying pests, it becomes difficult to be
vigilant about waste management facilities. They harm crops, spread diseases
such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Rat-bite Fever and
Salmonellosis.
Waste management is our responsibility for we benefit and suffer from it

in radical ways. Education and awareness across all communities, irrespective
of their social, economic condition, must be ever-present for as long as life
inhabits this planet.

July 2020
Self-Check LO1.4-3
A. Enumerate the 6 Negative Effects of Improper Waste Management

July 2020
ANSWER KEY LO1.4-3
1. Human Damage
2. Harm Towards Animal and Marine Life
3. How The Air is Contaminated
4. Severe Weather Due to Climate Contamination
5. Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
6. Waste Management & Soil Contamination

July 2020

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PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTER – KALINGA

Sector: Automotive/Land Transport

Unit of Competency: Apply Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

Module Title: Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Welcome to the module in “Applying Appropriate Sealant/

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

CONTENT TITLE PAGE NO.

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY APPROPRIATE

MODULE TITLE : APPLYING APPROPRIATE

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and

NOMINAL DURATION : 4 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able

LO 1. Identify appropriate sealant/adhesive

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY APPROPRIATE SEALANT/ADHESIVE

MODULE TITLE : APPLYING APPROPRIATE

MODULE DESCRIPTION : This module covers the selection and

NOMINAL DURATION : 4 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Identify appropriate sealant/adhesive

LO 2. Prepare surface for sealant/adhesive

LO 3. Apply sealant/adhesive evenly

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

LEARNING OUTCOME 1.1

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to:

Adhesives and Sealants

creates a barrier. The AIQjRxqFwoTCKCChfe54uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF

sealant barrier inhibits the penetration of many different elements,

b. Adhesive is a mixture that bonds items together, and can exist in

Sealant and Adhesive Functions

Common Adhesive Additives

In many adhesives, catalysts are added to enable

a. Colorants (additives that add color) are also frequently

c. Fillers, additives that enhance material properties, are

Common Sealant Additives

Sealants commonly require stabilizers, and as with

Directions: Fill in the blanks.

1. ________________________ are frequently added to adhesives, and

2. __________________________ is typically a viscous material that

3. __________________________ increases the flexibility and workability of

4. __________________________ requires the application of a set

5. _________________________ are additives that enhance material

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

Date Developed: Document No. DRV-PTC-32-

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to: