Practice Quiz 2.

0
Hosted by Engr. Jeffrey Robles
April 23, 2017

1. How many digits are there in the decimal representation of ?

Answer

For any positive integer , the number of digits of its decimal representation can be calculated as
. Thus, the number of digits of is .

Solution 1

The expression cannot be readily calculated by a typical scientific calculator as is

practically over its capacity. To evaluate this, we take advantage of the definition of the factorial and the
additive property of logarithms

Solution 2

By Stirling’s approximation

2. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If
the ratio of the sum of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11
and the seventh term lies in between 130 and 140, determine the common difference.

Answer

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 Solution

3. Let the curve be the mirror image of the parabola with respect to the line
. If and are the points of intersection of with the line ,
determine the distance between and .

Answer

Solution

Instead of reflecting the parabola with respect to the given line and then finding its intersection with
the line , it is more convenient to reflect the line and then find its intersection with the
original parabola. The reflection of the line about is the line . Hence, we are
only looking for the intersection of the line and which can be easily obtained as
and the distance between them is .

4. How many 8-digit positive integers with no consecutive digits having the same parity
are there? The parity of a digit is only either odd or even.

Answer

Solution
A number will have no consecutive digits with the same parity if and only if the digits are alternating
positive and negative. There are two cases to be considered: (1) the even digits come before the odd,
(2) the odd digits come before the even. It is a fact that there 5 odd and 5 even digits that can be used.
For the first case, we have to note that only 4 of the 5 even digits can be used as the first digit as zero
cannot be used. By the fundamental counting principle:

5. What is the sum of all positive integers that have twice as many digits when written in
base 2 as they have when written in base 3? Express your answer in base 3.
Answer
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 Solution
If a number has digits in base , then the number must be between and . For example, the
only three digit numbers in base 2 are the number in the interval . Suppose a number has
digits in base 2, and digits in base 3. It follows that

The common solution between the two inequalities is the interval

The only positive values of that satisfy the last inequality are .

Case

Case

Therefore, the only solutions for are and .

6. What is the minimum number of minutes after 11:00 am will the 12 hour hand be 10
times as far from the minute hand as from the hour hand? Express your answer as a
fraction in simplest form.
Answer
Solution
In an analog clock, consecutive hour tics are separated by . For every minute, the hour
hand moves by and the minute hand moves by . Conveniently, we can use the
twelve hour mark as the reference for angle measurement. The distance from the hour hand and the 12
hour mark is , i.e. the hour hand gets closer to the reference for every minute that passes
11:00. On the other hand, the distance between the reference and the minute hand is . Thus,

7. How many non-congruent right triangles are there, all of whose sides have positive
integer lengths, and one of whose legs (i.e. not the hypotenuse) has length 162?
Answer
Solution
Let be the length of the hypotenuse and be the length of the other leg. By Pythagorean theorem,
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 If and such that and , then the solution to the system is given by

The values for and will only be integers if and are both even or both odd. However, since is
even, them and cannot be both odd. Furthermore, and can only be both even when they split the
between them. That is, and and and . There are four solutions
that satisfy these conditions: .

8. Consider a circular arc of length and a chord of length , both subtended by a central
angle . Find

Answer

Solution:

Denote the radius of the circle as , where is a constant positive real number. In terms of and ,
. The length of the subtended chord, , can be calculated using the law of cosine:

It is well-known that . Thus,

9. A faulty car odometer skips the digits and regardless of position. For example, after
travelling one mile, the odometer changed from to or from to
. If the current mileage is at , what will the odometer display after
travelling miles?

Answer

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 Solution
Because the odometer uses only 8 digits, we can treat the system in base 8 except that in this
numeration, the base 10 digits are represented as . The current mileage
is at . To determine the mileage after 2017 miles, we just have to add 2017 to the current
mileage. However, all operations must be performed in base 8. This includes converting 2017 to base 8
and adding 2017 to 012076 via base 8 addition.

In the actual number system, the mileage translates to .

10. The distance between the two intersections of and can be expressed
as . Determine the product .
Answer
Solution
Eliminate variable by substituting the first equation to the second.

Since , the -coordinates of the two intersections are equal. That is, the distance between the
points of intersection is just the difference of the -coordinates

11. Consider point in the first quadrant. Point is reflected about the -axis to
point , and the latter is reflected about the line to point . Express the area of
in terms of .

Answer

Solution

The points are , , and . Note that is a vertical line of length

, and that the distance of point from this line is . Therefore,
the area of is

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12. Determine the sum of all possible values of

where denotes the lowest integer that is greater than or equal to , and denotes
the greatest integer that is lower than or equal to .

Answer

Solution
Let where is the integer part of and is the fractional part of . Note that
.

Note that
. Therefore, the possible values for are and the sum of these is
.

13. Suppose and are real numbers for which

and , determine the value of .

Answer
Solution
Notice the symmetry of the equation. Multiply these equations to yield an expression involving

Since and , we pick the negative values. Thus, .

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14. Evaluate in terms of where .

Answer
Solution:
Let . Note that

Thus,

15. Determine the sum of all prime factors of if

where

Answer
Solution

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At and

References
Problems 2 and 3 were lifted from the JEE Advanced Examination 2015. Problems 5,7,10, and 13 were lifted from
www.artoproblemsolving. All solutions were written by the host of the quiz.

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