Department of Education

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Division of Occidental Mindoro
STA. CRUZ NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Santa Cruz
STUDYING WHILE WORKING: IT'S CAUSES AND EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SANTA CRUZ
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
OF
MANZANO, ANCHERYL G.
BANAO, MAUREENE S.
DE LARA, AIRA T.
VILLAFLORES, RECCILYN R.
PAULO, MARIA ODEZA M.
CORAJE, JOSHUA KHERTS C.
DIMZON, RENE A.
HAGOSOJOS, JERICK M.
MUNOZ, JOHN LESTER B.
PANGANIBAN, JOHN ALDRICH C.
XII-GAS
Santa Cruz National High School
Acknowledgement
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To start with, the researchers would like to thank Ma’am Floreen Escobar for helping to correct
our mistake in this research study and we sincerely thank her for agreeing to be our research
adviser.
Researchers would also like to thank the respondents who agreed to our interview and to
participate in our research study and also provided answers to our questions and to share there
current experiences.
We would like to thank our practical research 1 teacher who is Sir Neilfren Villas for checking
our thesis and for understanding us when we make a mistake, we thank him for teaching us how
to do well and pass our outputs on time and most of all because she gave us this work.
We are very grateful to our parents who understood us, guided, and supported us in doing this
research study.We are thankful that they allowed us when we needed to go to the home of our
respondents and that they gave us our needs to finish this study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii
I. INTRODUCTION……………..……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….….. 5
1.1 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………. 6
1.2 Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… 6
1.3 Pupose of the Study…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..… 7
1.4 Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………………………………………..………..……. 7
1.5 Assumption of the Study…………………………………………………………………………..………………………..……. 8
1.6 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………. 9
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………………………………………………………….……………. 10
2.1 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11-17
III. METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
3.1 Research Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 18
3.2 Population, Research Sample………………………………………………..……………………………………………….. 19
3.3 Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 19
3.4 Data Collection Method………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..… 19
3.5 Field Research
3.5.1 Interview…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 20
3.6 Analysis of the Qualitative Data..……………………………………………………………………………………….…… 20
3.7 Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
4.1 Demographics of the Interviewees
4.1.1 Categories of Interviewee………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
4.2Research findings………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22-25
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4.3 nterview Analysis……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
4.4 Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
V. SUMMARY, CONLUSION, RECOMENDATION………………………………………………………………………………… 27
5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
5.2 Conclusion…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27
5.3 Delimitation of the study………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
5.4 Suggestions for future Researchers..………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
5.5 Recommendations…………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..……… 29
VI. REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
VII. APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Chapter I
Introduction
In the Philippines, there's a lot of students who work while studying. About 216,000 students in
the country are currently juggling school and work, according to latest data form the
Commission on higher Education (CHED). The CHED said that only 50% of working students
get to finish college, as many cannot cope and cannot concentrate on their studies, while some
have poor health, while others give up because of insufficient funds. The life of a Filipino family
here is not easy as well know. There's a lot of struggle and hard work before you can support
your family needs especially if all your children are going to school. That's why many students
will force to work because the family cannot support them financially for their tuition fee.The
government could not support all student to become a scholar in their own level, because there
are millions of student who need support from the government and they cannot afford each and
every student to free their tuition fee.
Here in our country, many students are working because going to college is not that easy if your
parents have no work. Being a college student is expensive, the tuition fees, the expenses, and
also your allowances like transportation, food, and boarding house if it is needed. So many
students turn to have a part-time job to help themselves the cost of their tuition fees and all the
expenses. Being a working student has a lot of things to do, they need to set their mind, body,
and soul to perform well, both their job and their academic grades. They need to work and go to
school as well to finish their studies.
A working student is a person who has work and at the same time go to school as a student.
Being a working student needs a lot of effort not only to his work but also in their studies, it is
very hard because they need to give their 100 percent of attention when they are in the school
and give 100 percent of their strength when they work. This research paper serves as inspiration
to students, teachers, parents, and all those who do not hinder poverty and the solitude of
promoting education. It aims to develop everyone's mind that they can achieve their dreams by
using effort and perseverance,
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We hope that the reader will appreciate that a working students can also graduate and contribute
to the growth of our society because they can be independent, they only have to value the
importance of education
Statement of the Problem
• Students who are engaged in a job have to carry out their duties and responsibilities both as a
students and worker in order to maintain school and company relationships. Student who work
while studying need to prioritize their daily task and learn to manage their time.Being a working
student need them to limit their leisure time activities and focus on their time on their job and on
their studies.
General question:
• Does having part time job affect student academic performance?
Specific question:
• What are the problems of working students?
• What are the factors affecting the academic performance of the student?
•What difficulties does a working student encounter?
Scope and Delimitation
This study was conducted to determine the level of academic performance of the working
students of Santa Cruz National High School as perceived by the working students of Senior
High School during year 2019-2020.
This study is limited observation of about 7 students at Senior high school, Poblacion 2, Sta.
Cruz. The researchers concentrated on how working students improves their academic
performance while having a part time job. The students who conduct the research are Ancheryl
Manzano,Maureene Banao,Maria Odeza Paulo,Aira De Lara,Reccilyn Villaflores,Rene
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Dimzon,Jerick Hagosojos,Joshua Kherts Coraje,John Aldrich Panganiban,Jhon Lester Munoz.
Purpose of the Study
Working students are those students who work outside the school and having a school
responsibility too. Students have so many reason to work outside at home. One of these is that
they want to help their parents in earning money to meet the needs of their family. These may
include their everyday needs such as food, shelter, clothing and education. Others want to work
because they feel bored at home and by means of working they will able to amuse themselves.
Somehow the others works for their personal interests, that is they want to use what they have
acquired in school and feel fulfilled just to apply whatever knowledge they have gained in the
past. Money or financial gain is not the main issue but simply expression of self-fulfillment.
The purpose of this study is to inspire all students, teachers, parents, and all people that poverty
is not a hindrance to finish their studies. The researchers are hoping that the readers will realize
that there are some student who are studying while working and the researchers are also hoping
that the person who can read this research paper will learn how to be independent and to let them
know that there is another way to support their financial and school needs.
The purpose of this study is to show that everyone can be successful by using effort and
perseverance. Everyone needs a hard-work to achieve their dreams and before they get to the top,
they also need to give sacrifices and have pain, that all people will encounter problems before
they reach their goals in life. All we have to do is to give value to the importance of education
and keep on moving so they can be successful person someday.
Significance of the study
A student who works has more experience on how to deal with the older one and have a friend
with them. They balance on how to fellowship with and at the same time communicate with
them well.They know how important their study and the same as their work, they also know how
to manage their finance well because they know how hard they get their money from their work,
they also know how to balance their finances every time they see their expense. Education is the
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totality of learning acquired by individual which is inherited from one generation to another,
while career is serve as it's application.
This study will be beneficial to the following:
• To the working students- This study will serve as their guide on how to become good and
responsible students, especially to the students having a family soon, because they will able to
carry out their responsibilities and duties as wives and possibly working.
• To the students- . This research study will inspire all students to continue their studying even
though they are not supported by their parents and some students will realize that they can be
independent in studying.
• To the parents- In this study, parents will realize how important they are as a source of
encouragement in which children are free to explore different areas of career preferences. It is
important to the parent, especially to those parents who work outside the home for they will be
able to know the effects it may bring on having a son or daughter having a part time job
• To the teachers- This study will give information to the teachers as to the preferences of
students such as they can focus on the skills needed by the students if ever the later will pursue
the career that have chosen. When the teachers read this research paper they will understand
those students who cannot buy some school projects and do their assignments.
• To the readers- This study will inspire all the readers that poverty is not a hindrance to get
everything, it will motivate everyone that there is always a solution to the unstoppable problem
and before they achieve their dream is they need to suffer and encounter difficulties.
• To future researchers- the proposed study will benefits and help the future researcher as their
guide. The study can also open in development of this study.
Assumption of the Study
Being a working student is not easy, but in the other side you can survive your study even though
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you are a working student. You need to manage your time for work and for your studying. In this
research it can have a failure like wrong grammar and the question is not exactly correct but the
researchers are sure that many people can understand the message of this research study. This
research paper will encourage all working students to pursue what they are doing even though it
is hard for them to manage their time for work and for studying. This research paper will inspire
and motivate the reader that being a working student cannot affect them to finish their studies
even though they are self supporting.
Summary
You have to persevere and work hard before you can achieve all your dreams, if you have to
make sacrifices to finish your studies, do it without doubt. Education is commonly and formally
divided into stages such as preschool, primary school, and then college. Working students are
those who work outside the school and having a school responsibility too. Students have so many
reasons to work outside at home. Students who are engaged in a job have to carry out their duties
and responsibilities both as a students and worker in order to maintain school and company
relationships.
The successful working students have examined their goals and priorities before they entered
into the field of work. The person who are studying while working is more successful in the
future even though they encounter different struggles in life. When they read this research paper
they will be interested in studying because when they put themselves into the working student
situation they will realize how hard it is and they will realize how to be independent.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Working part-time has long been part of university students’ experiences. Various changes in
terms of funding mechanism have resulted in increasing numbers of students undertaking
employment during their academic studies (Watts & Pickering, 2000). Although the exact
numbers of students working part-time are difficult to determine, several studies found that
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between 50 and 60 percent of all university students are engaged in some forms of part-time jobs
(Curtis, 2007; Häkkinen, 2006). The issue might be due to the introduction of student loans,
which provides a large extent government funding for university fees. It is then argued that
obtaining debt as a direct consequence of studying will encourage students to get involved in
part-time employment (Metcalf, 2003). Even though many countries, including Indonesia and
Malaysia, have allocated specific budget for education by providing scholarships, but not all
students have the privilege to get them. Thus, loans become an alternative for postgraduate
students to continue their studies (Lucas & Lammont, 1998). With regard to the above-
mentioned issue, researching and investigating the experiences of postgraduate students who are
working while studying is considered significant. Especially at International Islamic University
Malaysia (IIUM), the research in this area is still limited. This will contribute to future studies in
the field of education related to students’ experiences who are working while studying.
The effects on students of working in a part-time job while at school constitute the subject of this
report. Although it is widely recognized that many students are employed part-time out of school
hours, little is known about the consequences of such employment. It has been shown that
around one quarter to one third of Australian secondary school students regularly hold part-time
jobs during the school year (Robinson, 1996). That proportion varies somewhat with age and
year level at school, and by gender. Higher percentages of males work at earlier ages, but by the
post compulsory years, this is reversed, with considerably greater percentages of females (40 per
cent) than males (30 per cent) in part-time employment. The average time spent in those jobs is
generally in the order of eight or nine hours per week – among Year 9 students (in 1989, 1990
and in 1995) it was eight hours, while among 17 year old in 1992 it was nine hours per week
(Robinson, 1996, 1997). To provide a context when considering the influence of part-time
employment on secondary school students, it is useful to examine the types of jobs in which
those students are involved. In this report the investigation of the consequences of such
employment encompasses both the subjective opinions of students who have part-time jobs, and
the more readily demonstrable and objectively measured effects over a number of years. The
latter include effects on school completion, on end of school achievement as indicated by final
year results, and on labour market outcomes in the initial post-school years.
With an increase in the number of students taking part-time job outside campus, its effect on
students’ academic performance of students has been questioned by many researchers (Green,
1987). Issues such as the number of hours worked, whether the student’s jobs pertain to their
majors, and student’s workloads (Watanabe, 2005) have been discussed and scrutinized to see
the relation between taking part-time jobs and academic achievement. Furr and Elling (2000)
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suggest that there are many reasons why students take a part time job. First, financial problems
(Furr and Elling, 2000) becomes mostly reasons some of students forced to take part time job.
The average yearly costs of education and living continue to increase in Indonesia. Second,
students’ involvement in employment has positive impact to develop career-related skills. It is
hands-on experience that cannot be gained in the classroom alone. Whatever the reasons the
students have in taking part time job, there is a popular believe that student with part time job do
not tend to have higher academic achievement, because their focus time of study has been
divided with their working time. Better academic achievement only can be achieved by students
who spend more time on academic related activities outside of class ( e.g., reading the text,
completing assignment, studying, and preparing reports) (Sarah & Hudson, 2005).
According to International labour organization (2003), part time job is a form of employment
that carries fewer hours per week than full time job. Workers are considered to be part-time if
they commonly work fewer than 30 or 35 hours peer week. When it comes to the length of time
spent in part time job, different countries have different amount of working hours. In Australia
(2007) part time employment is employees that work fewer hours than the full time counterparts
within a specific industry, and mostly the time worked is less than 32 hours peer weeks. In
Canada (2007), employee that is considered as part time is the one who usually works fewer than
30 hours per week at their main or only job. Almost the same, according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistic, working part time is defined as working between and 34 hours per week. Unlike full-
time employees, part time employees may not have the entitlement given to those working full
time. For example, in the United States (2009) part time employees are not entitled to employee
benefits, such as health insurance. From the definitions mentioned earlier, it can be concluded
that students with part time job can be defined as student working during the semesters, with less
than 20 working hours per week. Despite the variation of the amount of working hours, it is
common to see students work full time during semester break. Most researches indicate that
there is a detrimental effect on academic achievement if secondary students work for over 15
hours a week (Stern, 1997). Such students have lower grades, do less homework, are more likely
to drop out, and are less likely to enter post-secondary education. Those 5 students who work
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fewer hours suffer several negative consequences. These finding are supported by a Toronto
study (Cheng, 1995), showing that students working more than 20 hours had a 16% dropout rate,
and those who worked longer than 20 hours has even bigger drop out rate of 33%. Singh (1998),
in his study which factored in socioeconomic status and previous achievement, states that the
more hours worked the greater negative effects on student achievement. The consequences for
young students working longer hours could be more severe than for older students (Barone,
1993).
Students engaged in part-time and sometime full-time employment while studying is

increasingly a common phenomenon everywhere. Steinberg et al. (1981) stated over 30 years
ago that working while studying provides students with quite naturally an indication of the
requirements that will be needed to function effectively in one’s later career (Schill, McCartin, &
Meyer, 1985). In recent years, further studies found that students who are working part-time can
easily develop team working, communication, costumer care and practical skills (Lucas &
Lammont, 1998; Curtis & Lucas, 2001). Students can directly relate the experiences of working
part-time to enhance and improve their academic knowledge, motivation and employment
prospects (Curtis & Shani, 2002; Curtis & Williams, 2002). Consequently, a number of
researches have concluded that a combination of financial needs and the opportunity to gain
experiences will ultimately enhance career opportunities in the future (Harvey, 2000; Devlin,
James & Grigg, 2008; Nonis & Hudson, 2006). According to the research conducted by Watts
and Pickering (2000), while working part-time and studying full-time has a variety of positive
outcomes, respondents generally viewed part-time employment as a necessity to survive in the
contemporary higher education sphere. In Manthei and Gilmore’s (2005) study, it is said that the
money earned from part-time employment was typically spent on essential living expenses. From
the perspective of students themselves, part-time work is often an introduction to the real world
which will assist them both in personal and career development especially in higher education
sector (Tymon, 2013; Tomlinson, 2007). Higher education institutions should identify
opportunities to increase the extent to which students could be more familiar with work and
expose them to educational, part-time vocational and career experiences (Yorke, 2004; Glover,
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Law & Youngman, 2002).
A variety of studies have examined the impacts of part-time employment on full-time students.
Manthei and Gilmore (2005), for instance, considered that working part time leaves less desired
time to study. In addition, Jogaratnam and Buchanan (2004) stated that new students who choose
to do part-time job while having full-time academic load were most likely to suffer from stress.
As many studies suggested, indeed a combination of full-time studying and part-time working
can have a detrimental effect in the physical and mental health of students. It can create the
negative effect on academic performance (Hovdhaugen, 2015; Creed, French & Hood, 2015;
Darolia, 2014). Curtis and Shani (2002) believed that students who are working part-time will
most likely miss lecturers and feel that they could achieve higher grades had they not been
working. For that reason, universities should be aware of contemporary student lives. They
should introduce an element of flexibility as a means of structuring assignments and course
requirements to support this (Curtis, 2007). Positively, perhaps students might acquire personal
transferable skills, enhance employ-ability and increase confidence in the world of work (Watts
& Pickering, 2000). However, negatively, students who are working part-time tend to achieve
poorer marks compared to their classmates who are studying full-time. Given that part-time
working students is a common phenomenon, Jogaratnam and Buchanan (2004) suggested that
universities have a moral requirement to more effectively understand and manage the stressors
experienced by students studying full-time and working part-time. Perhaps providing suitable
training for students would be an alternative.
Finally, universities who are struggling with the debates regarding the cost or validity of
practical skills training might be able to take advantages of the synergy that exists as a means of
solving these tensions. Consequently, it is the purpose of this study to develop an understanding
of part-time employment among st postgraduate students. Specifically, this paper aims to
determine the extent of part-time employment among st International Islamic University
Malaysia (IIUM) postgraduate students, to determine the reasons for engaging in part-time
employment in the first place and to find out their strategies to overcome the challenges in
studying while working.
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Many students who work find some problems balancing school and work demands (Worley,
1995). Many who work part-time have limited participation in extracurricular activities (Hope,
1990). Many researches indicating that employment have negatively affected students’ academic
achievement stated that an increase in the amount of hours worked of the most influence factors
(Watanabe, 2005). According to Furr and Elling (2000), 29% of students worked 30-39 hours per
week and 39% of those student worked full time had negative impact on their academic
achievement and progress. The common believe in the society suggests that, because the energy
and time spend at work, students would be detracted from studying, which in the end result in
low GPA. Most studies conclude that this is only the case when the student’s number of hours
worked per week exceeds 20 hours. Intriguing findings have been put forward by The National
Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (1994), which is run by the U.S. Department of
Education and Marx and Dundes (2006). NCES found that students working 1-15 hours weekly
have a significantly higher GPA than both students working 16 or more hours and students who
do not work at all. The NCES is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data
related to education. Dundes and Marx (2006) reported that 74 percent of student-workers
believed that employment forced them to become more efficient. Despite this fact, it is also
reported that 64 percent of students working part-time also have a higher of stress level. Many
sources concluded that working less than 15 hours per week had little or no effect on students’
academic achievement. Following an in-depth study of the topic, included in the journal of
human resources, Ehrenberg and Sherman (1987) stated, “We do not find any strong evidence…
that hours of work during the academic year in the range that student worked significantly
reduced grade point averages.” Other studies concluded (Astin, 1975) that only on-campus
employment had a positive influence on academic performance. Astin reported that the effects of
on-campus employment were characterized as positive in nature, while off campus student
employment is associated with lower GPA. The positive effects of on-campus employment are
due to enhanced integration with the institution, including involvement with other students and
with faculty (Furr and Elling, 2000). In addition, on campus jobs often include responsibilities
with academic components.
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Employers in the ever-evolving, knowledge-based economy1 are in need of a skilled labor force
(Haigh & Clifford, 2011). Of the almost 47 million job openings that the U.S. economy will
create by 2018, researchers say 63% will require that the employee has least some college
education (Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 2010). But affording college is hard for many. With
rising tuition costs that outpace inflation and the median family income, coupled with decreasing
public funding for higher education,college degree is not easily attainable (Desrochers &
Kirshstein, 2012). As students increasingly need to find ways to pay for mounting tuition costs
(Elling & Elling, 2000) and acquire skills needed to succeed in the workforce (Carnevale, Smith,
& Strohl, 2010), “working learner”3 models can help fill in the gaps. These models also provide
additional benefits. Although students work for a variety of reasons, such as gaining valuable
knowledge and skills for their career (Coco, 2000), paying for their education and expenses
(Cuccaro-Alamin & Choy, 1998; Elling & Elling, 2000), or obtaining a particular credential
and/or advance in their job (Horn & Berktold, 1998), working also helps students gain
knowledge, skills, and abilities that can be valuable in both education and career. This literature
review seeks to uncover factors associated with the growing number of students who work and
learn. Although scholars (e.g., Carnevale, Smith, Melton, & Price, 2015) explain trends,
characteristics, and experiences of working learners while addressing the potential impacts of
balancing work and school, we find that the existing research about working learners lacks
intentionality around how working and learning might come together to achieve important goals.
Specifically, we believe work and learn programs have the potential to create a even greater
student success, strengthen the education pipeline, and improve the national economy.Research
suggests that learning (and subsequent progression through the education pipeline) happens best
when it is placed within a larger context and, as such, paired with experience, observation, or
reflection (Association of American Colleges & Universities, 2007; Jarvis, 1987; Kolb, 1984,
2014; Vygotsky, 1978). Evidence suggests that experience and application of knowledge is
crucial to student success (Vygotsky, 1978). Given that, the lack of attention to working learners
in existing research is a missed opportunity, since working and learning may have broad
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implications for learning and educational attainment.The research presented in this review will
address the education pipeline from high school through the workforce. We will pay particular
attention to students enrolled in post secondary education, considering them the primary work
and learn population. This paper aims to contextualize “working and learning” by examining
working learners and the factors involved in their decision(s) to work and learn, as well as their
subsequent educational and career trajectories. It also highlights the benefits of working while
learning through a review of the literature on student employment, particularly cooperative
education and internships. Last, we argue that understanding the positive effects of work
experience for students is crucial for creating meaningful policy and encouraging effective
practices. We believe particular attention should be paid to understanding who the working
learners are, the types of working and learning situations that are the most beneficial, as well as
the various intersections of motivations, social factors, and time commitment and how they
impact one another.
Kolb (1984) provides a working definition of learning to be “the process whereby knowledge is
created through the transformation of experience” (p. 38). His viewpoint highlights the
importance of the experiential perspective in education. Kolb’s work builds upon experiential
models of learning from the scholars Lewin (1944), Dewey (1938), and Piaget (1977) and notes
three principles of experiential learning (Kolb, 2014). First, learning is best conceived as a
process and not in terms of a particular outcome (Kolb, 2014). Second, learning is a process that
is derived continually and is grounded in experience (Kolb, 2014). Third, learning requires the
resolution of conflicts among various ways of dealing with the world (Kolb, 2014). Each premise
is implicit to working and learning, and all are important concepts to frame the following
considerations of working learners.
Summary
Many students get a part time job to help their parents to lessen expenses and also to their
studies. Being a working student is very hard because they need to give their 100 percent
attention when they are in school and also they need to give 100 percent effort and hard work
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when they are in work. Working while in high school may positively influence the academic
performance of the student. They might fail on there studies because they didn't give full
attention to their studies.
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter presents the description of the research process. It provides information concerning
the method that was use in undertaking this research as well as justification for the use of this
method. The chapter also describes the various stages of the research, which includes the
research design, selection of the participants, the data collection process, the process of the data
analysis, the respondents of the study, the instruments to be use, and the procedures and sources
of data utilized in analyzing the data gathered.
This research explored the challenges faced by working students and the causes and effects on
their academic performance specially in senior high school of Santa Cruz National High School.
The interaction between the researcher and the participants consisted of dialogue where both
shared similar experiences and truths that where investigated. The purpose of this research was
to understand what are the difficulties that working students encounter and how they manage
their time for work and for studying.
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Research Design
Generally, research design means a structure to plan and execute a particular research. Research
design is the crucial part of the research as it includes all the four important consideration, the
strategy, the conceptual framework, the identification of whom and what to study on and the
tools and procedures to be use for collecting and analyzing data. This research design is basically
divided into several types, qualitative research and quantitative research. In this study, the
researchers used qualitative research method. Qualitative research method was developed in the
social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena like observe
feelings, thoughts, behaviors and beliefs of the mass society. Example of qualitative methods are
action research, case study research, phenomenology and grounded theory. Qualitative data
sources include observation and participant observation, interviews and questionnaires,
documents and texts, and the researchers impressions and reactions.
The study design choice for this investigation was phenomenology. It was conducted at Santa
Cruz National High School with a student population who experience working while studying.
Phenomenology is the study of how people find their experiences more meaningful and to
understand the ways of how people go through inevitable events in their lives. This design
allowed for better insight into how the working student manage their time on both working and
studying. A phenomenology design was use to explore more in-depth and rich data for the study.
Population, Research Sample And Sampling Method
Population can be understood as the targeted community or group of people which is involved or
selected by the researchers for their study. Sampling is the method or process of selecting
respondents. The researchers used non-probability sampling which disregards random selection
of subjects.
In this study, the researcher employed the purposive sampling method for the selection of the
participants. Purposive sampling refers to intentionally chosen sample according to the needs of
the study. This means that the researcher selects participants because they have indicated their
willingness to participate in the study. Likewise, this strategy enables the researcher to collect
relevant and useful information for answering the research question.
Research Methodology
Research methodology is basically a process of how a research is being conducted. It

encompasses tools and techniques to conduct a particular research or finding. According to
Walliman, research method is a range of tools that are used for different types of inquiry.
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Therefore, it is important to select an accurate method that suits the research objective. In this
section, the researcher will break the components into two: data collection method and also data
analysis method. Data analysis is the process of understanding data or known facts or
assumptions serving as the basis of any claims or conclusions you have about something.
Data Collection Method
The researcher applied two methods of data collection techniques. This was done in order to
collect adequate and relevant data to address the research objectives of this study Nonetheless,
the researcher used qualitative research method.
For this research, method of interview was employed. The interview is a mean of knowing the
causes and effects on the academic performance of Senior High School Students of Santa Cruz
National High School. Interviewing of selected individuals is very important method often used
by qualitative research. The researchers use phenomenology for this study so that the researchers
will be able to interview more participants. The rationale for using the interview methods is to
enable the researchers to find out what is on their mind, what they think and how they feel about
something. This study critically aims at gathering bits of information receive from interviewing
certain numbers of working students, specially for senior high school of Santa Cruz National
High School on what are the causes and effects on their academic performance. In addition, the
researchers also explore what are the difficulties encountered by working students.
Field Research
Interview
Field research is composes a number of research method to solve the existing research problem
such as case study, interview, and observation. This research adopted the method of interview;
the researcher made a selection of the participant for an interview.
Interview method is one of the ways to obtain primary data is understood as data which was
collected during the conduction of a particular research. The data will be collected in the
execution of an experiment. Therefore, in order to obtain primary information's, face-to-face
interview was employed. The researcher, with prepared written questions to the interviewees,
used structured interview. In this context, the structured interview protocols ask specific of
objective questions in an arranged order. The typed of interview used in this study is structured
interview which requires the used of interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with
one randomly item from the set of alternative. In addition, the questions were well-structured,
planned and organized in line with the objective of the study. This process encouraged the
participants to respond to the question as accurately as possible.
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Interview aims at knowing what the respondent think and feel about the topic. The interview
questions were designed in English language but to ensure proper response from the participants,
the interview process was conducted using the Filipino or Tagalog language. The responses were
later carefully transcribed and translated to English. The use of mother tongue helped those
individuals who could not understand English thus enabled them to contribute relevant
information in relation to the topic under study.
Analysis of the Qualitative Data
Data analysis is a very important segment in the research. Drew et al (2008) believe that in the
qualitative research data analysis probably carries more negative connotations than any other
single part of the research process. This could be attributed to the fact than in qualitative studies,
data are usually recorded in the form of words; description, opinions and feelings rather than
number.
Furthermore, Donald et al (2006) explained that data analysis is the process that most
differentiates quantitative from qualitative research. Data analysis is a process whereby
researcher make search and arrange it in order to enhance their knowledge of the data and to
present what they learned to others. Similarly, James (2004) highlighted that data analysis is to
arrange data, separating into effective units according to topic and themes.
The current research adopted the fundamental approaches in analyzing the output from the
interviewees. The approach involves arranging the data in order to create explanations and create
new finding. The data gathered from interview will be arranged and summarized according to
categories. The researcher then analyzed and interpreted the information provided by the
informants in accordance with the objectives of the study.
Summary
This chapter began with an introduction then described the research design employed in this
study. Population and sample of the study were also mentioned before discussing the research
methodology used. For field research, qualitative method is chosen in which group of
interviewees are involved in the research procedure. The data that were collected are then
analyzed in the discussed and the result are displayed. Structured interview were also used and
the approach is individual where the researchers interview one respondent at a time only.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter presents the research findings of the data collected from the study samples. The
main source of data is interview and also supplement by internet research. The findings will be
presented in relation to the research objectives stated in the study. The method used to analyze
the data is already discussed in the methodology chapter.
Demographics of the interviewees
Categories of interviewees
Out of ten respondents, eight are men while two other were women. Approaching men
respondent was easier as they are willing to be interviewed in a short notice compared to women
respondents.
The researcher discovered that with ten respondents, the data gathered is saturated. This means,
the researcher sees a similar pattern in the interviewees responses. Further collection of new data
won’t necessarily contribute to a new discovery of the issue. According to Ritchie et al. (2003), it
is best to simply to gather data until theoretical saturation is reached. There is a point of
diminishing return to a qualitative sample as the study goes on more data does not necessarily
lead to more information. These are the individuals involved during the field work interviews
and their opinions were extracted and explained accordingly.
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Research Findings
This part of the chapter presents the finding and analyses the data obtained from the individual
interviewees on the causes and effect on academic performance of Senior High School of Santa
Cruz National High School students.
The data were extracted and analyzed according to the objective of the study. To answer research
questions, ten students selected as respondents of this study, as mentioned earlier in previous
section, were interviewed. Eight male and two females students working for 14-40 hours per
week were chosen.
Q1. When did you start to become a working student?
This research question was asked to know when does the respondents began to work while
studying. All of the interviewees replied that they started out as working students when they
were in high school because they thought life was difficult so they had to help their parents get
them through school.
Q2. Why do you need to work if you can depend on your parents?
This research question was asked in order to know why they still have to work if they can depend
on their parents, but before that, the researchers asked them if they still have parents or none?
Two out of ten respondents had no parents so they had no one else to help them but themselves
so they were able to work while studying. The remaining respondents had parents and their
answer is their parents cannot support their needs in school so that they find a part-time job to
earn money for their studies and they wanted to help their families with expenses in addition to
their education expenses. Life is so difficult that they have to come up with a way for them to
learn without their parents who are struggling for them, they need to be independent so that their
parents will be proud of them.
Q3. What are some of the reason why student get a part time job?
In this research question, you will know what are some of the reason why student get a part time
job, what motivates them to do this and why they thought to work while they are studying?
Two interviewees answered that the reasons why they take part-time job is to seek experience of
work, by having the experience of work it will make them easier to find job in the future.
Another reason why they work is to earn money. Seven out of ten respondents answered that the
reason why they work is because of poverty and also because their parents did not have the skills
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to support their studies, one respondent said that as she worked, she wanted to help her parents
with household expenses and to support herself in school.
Q4. What are the advantage of being a working student?
The researchers needed to know what are the positive effects of working for a senior high school
students while they are studying, how are they helping them and what is the positive impact of
working for them? This question is also to find out how important it is to work for a working
student and how it helps them as a students?
Responding to the question above, they all say that the advantage of being a working student is
that it helps them meet their school needs because that are already earning money and therefore
they are still helping their family to reduced other expenses and also they already have an
experience on working even though they are studying.
Out of ten respondents, two of them said that it's advantage is that we can be independent, that
even if you do not receive any help from your parents you can still support your education by
working while studying and no matter how hard, you can make it for your dream.
One respondent said that the positive effects of being a working student is that you don't have to
ask your parents for money, the ones you work for, that's just what you spend. There are so many
positive effects of being a working student like reduces the experiences of their families, it helps
them to meet their needs in school, and they can be independent also.
Q5. What are the disadvantage of being a working student?
This question was asked in order to know what are the negative effects of working while
studying and how it has affected their education? This is also what researchers asked to find out
what being a working student can do for them, how can working in the workplace be a hindrance
to their studies?
Responding to the questions above, the disadvantage of being a working student is that while
they are studying they cannot focus because they are working and especially when their brain is
not capable, they do not understand what they are studying because they are tired of working.
Another negative effects of being a working student is that we have a lot of difficulty with the
tasks because of course with the other tasks, they cannot focus on the studies because of the work
and they cannot keep up with the tasks.
Q6. Have you ever had a complicated time on studying and working?
In this research question you can find out if students are having a difficult time learning and
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working. How are they affected and how difficult is it for them to work while studying?
Two of the respondents said no, because they only work on weekends so they don't have too
much problems. The remaining respondents answered yes, because sometimes they could not do
their assignments and other school work. Their time is complicated because they put their work
first before doing the school work. The other reason why they have complex hours is because
they are vigilant, they have nine hours at work and eight hours of study so it is difficult for them
because they are tired from work and tired of studying.
Q7. Are you still doing assignments and project for your studies?
This research question has asked to know if working students are still doing their assignments
and project for their studies. We will know if they do not neglect their education even when they
are working. They all answered yes, they are still doing their assignments and projects for their
studies because even if they don't do it at home or at work they do it at school and even though
their assignments and projects may be late, they are fine because it is important that they do this
even though it is not exactly on time, or sometimes they asked the teacher and explain that they
are unable to do so, because they have no time for such tasks.
Q8. How can you manage your time for work and for studying?
In the research question you will know how a student can manage their work and study time. Is it
really difficult for them to split their time with the negative impact it has on their education and
their academic performance.
Two of them said they could easily split their working hours and study time because they only
worked on weekends. Eight respondents answered that it was difficult to divide study time and
work. So what they do, is they quickly finish their work to further their study tasks. Sometimes if
they have an exam they are reviewing while working but no reviewer , they are reading at night
and remembering all those words that they read they get a review while they are working. Five
respondents also said that sometimes they are no longer doing homework, that why their grades
in school are somewhat affected.
Q9. Have you ever thought to stopped on studying and just keep on working?
This research question was asked to know if the working student thought t stop studying and just
keep on working? If the respondent answered yes, then why did they think to just work and keep
on studying? If the respondent answered no, what motivates them to continue their studies
despite the difficulties of life?
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Two out of ten respondents answered yes, they thought to stop on studying because they were
having a hard time on their studies and working so much that they thought that they should stop
studying and just keep on working. The remaining respondent answered no, because even though
studying is difficult while working it did not hinder them from discontinuing their studies, so
they work hard to meet their school needs and if they continue their studies they will have a
better future.
Q10. Do you passed all the subjects?
In this research question, the researchers asked all the respondents if they passed all their
subjects so that the researchers know if working while studying have an effect on the academic
performance of senior high school students of Santa Cruz National High School. This question
was asked in order to know if working students can handle their situation even though it is hard
for them.
All of the respondents answered yes, they said that they passed their subjects even if they cannot
focus on their studies, they do their best just to complete all the activities, projects, and
assignments even though it is late, they explain to their teachers what are the reasons why they
cannot pass it all on time and the teachers understand their situation. The respondents said that
all the activities is not easy but he/she doing their best to pass their subject even though the
situation is not easy they still think positive in the result of their study.
Q11. Isn’t hard to be in college, so many projects, assignments, activities, etc., so what
adjustment or preparation will you make for college education if you are struggling with
studying and working?
This research question has been asked to know what preparation and adjustment will be made by
senior high school working students for their college education if they are now having difficulty
with school work. If college is difficult because there are more activities, assignments and
projects, what can they do to prepare for their college education?
Four of the ten respondents answered that they would quit their jobs and concentrate on
schooling and that they would try to get scholarships so that their parents would not have too
much difficulty in their studies and that if they had time left they would find of temporary
employment. The rest of the respondents are that when they prepare for college education by
accumulating and their adjustments will make them better at managing time and not waste every
second passing because it is important to them time because the dreamer will do everything to
make it happen and whatever sacrifice they are willing to make just to finish school. Right now
it's hard for them but someday they can achieve their dreams. As they say, everything is difficult
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at first before becoming successful eventually.
Interview Analysis
In this section, the researchers analyzes and discusses the cause and effect of employment on
students academic performance. In line with interview analysis result shows that all respondents
passed their subjects even if they cannot focus on their studies, they do their best just to complete
all the activities, projects, and assignments even though it is late, they explain to their teachers
what are the reasons why they cannot pass it all on time and the teachers understand their
situation. The respondents said that all the activities is not easy but he/she doing their best to pass
their subject even though the situation is not easy they still think positive in the result of their
study.
The researchers asked the respondent how did they manage their time for working and studying?
Two of out of ten respondent said they could easily split their working hours and study time
because they only worked on weekends. Eight respondents answered that it was difficult to
divide study time and work. So what they do, is they quickly finish their work to further their
study tasks. Sometimes if they have an exam they are reviewing while working but no reviewer ,
they are reading at night and remembering all those words that they read they get a review while
they are working. Five respondents also said that sometimes they are no longer doing homework,
that why their grades in school are somewhat affected.
Finally, from the information gained during the interview, the researchers found that the
common reason why many students take part time job is due to income needs and working
experience. Furthermore, they stated that part-time job do not have bad impact on their academic
achievements.
Summary
The data gained from interview and analysis of data related to the effect of part-time job on
students' academic achievement, it can be concluded that working part-time job do not have any
significant effect on students' academic performance. The results of their grades, despite working
outside school, were still high. Working part-time has an effect on the time of the study
completion and the the students' stress level as well.
Furthermore, the common reasons mentioned by respondents in relation to why they need to take
part-time job are due to income needs to fulfill their education needs such as fees, or school
stuffs and looking for experience to advance their skills in future.
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ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to examine the different cause and effect of performance of the student
in Santa Cruz National High School. The respondent for this study were those student who’s
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working while studying (eight male and two female). A survey was conducted by using a
interview for information gathering about different performance of the students. The study
focuses all the factors including inside school and outside the school environment. With this
study we will know what is the effect on the performance of the student while working what is
the positive and negative effect of it. Based on their experience most of the time they can’t pass
their module on time,they need to manage their time between working and studying. So that
many working student can’t pass their module because of lack of time. A student should pay
attention on studying rather than working because this will be the one they need in the future or
finding job will suit them. On the other hand, working while studying may be hard but
sometimes it is more worth it because they can survive in daily basis.
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Definition of Terms
Saturated-being a solution that is unable to absorb or dissolve any more of a solute at a given
temperature and pressure.
Persevere - continue in a course of action even the face of difficulty or with little or no prospect
of success
Detrimental-tending to cause harm
Crucial-suggests a dividing of the ways and often a test or trial involving the determination of a
future course or direction.
Execution-the carrying out of putting into effect of a plan,order,or course of action
Diminishing -emphasizes a perceptible loss and implies its subtraction from a total
Vigilant -alertly watchful especially to avoid danger
Neglect -fail to care for properly
Hinder -create difficulties for(someone or something),resulting in delay or obstruction
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Republic of the Philippines

STUDYING WHILE WORKING: IT'S CAUSES AND EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC

PAULO, MARIA ODEZA M.

CORAJE, JOSHUA KHERTS C.

MUNOZ, JOHN LESTER B.

PANGANIBAN, JOHN ALDRICH C.

Santa Cruz National High School

1.1 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………. 6

1.2 Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… 6

1.3 Pupose of the Study…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..… 7

1.4 Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………………………………………..………..……. 7

1.5 Assumption of the Study…………………………………………………………………………..………………………..……. 8

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………………………………………………………….……………. 10

3.1 Research Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 18

3.2 Population, Research Sample………………………………………………..……………………………………………….. 19

3.3 Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 19

3.4 Data Collection Method………………..……………………………………………………………………………………..… 19

3.5 Field Research

3.6 Analysis of the Qualitative Data..……………………………………………………………………………………….…… 20

IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

4.1 Demographics of the Interviewees

4.1.1 Categories of Interviewee………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

4.2Research findings………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22-25

4.3 nterview Analysis……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26

V. SUMMARY, CONLUSION, RECOMENDATION………………………………………………………………………………… 27

5.3 Delimitation of the study………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28

5.4 Suggestions for future Researchers..………………………………………………………………………………………. 28

Statement of the Problem

• Does having part time job affect student academic performance?

• What are the problems of working students?

•What difficulties does a working student encounter?

Scope and Delimitation

Dimzon,Jerick Hagosojos,Joshua Kherts Coraje,John Aldrich Panganiban,Jhon Lester Munoz.

Purpose of the Study

Significance of the study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Assumption of the Study

Review of Related Literature

Students engaged in part-time and sometime full-time employment while studying is

Law & Youngman, 2002).

Population, Research Sample And Sampling Method

Research methodology is basically a process of how a research is being conducted. It

Data Collection Method

Analysis of the Qualitative Data

Demographics of the interviewees

Q1. When did you start to become a working student?

Q4. What are the advantage of being a working student?

Q5. What are the disadvantage of being a working student?

Q10. Do you passed all the subjects?

at first before becoming successful eventually.

Astin,A.W.(1975). Preventing Students from Dropping Out. San Francisco: Jossey-

Barone, F. J. (1993). The effects of part-time employment on academic performance. NASSP

Curtis, S. (2007). Students' perceptions of the effects of term-time paid employment.

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