NAMA : YUDHA SEPTA DIAS P

NIM : 12203193120

MATA KULIAH : ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

KELAS : TBI 1B
E. liquids

in the production of the sound and, there is some obstruction of the airstream in the
mouth, but not enought to couse any real constriction or friction.

 Lateral liquid
A lateral liquid is a sound in which the flow of air out ofthe body is redirected around
the tongue and toward the sides of mouth before exiting through the lipd .engglish has two
lateral liquid ,the alveolar lateral appromate in which the tongue is brought near ,the alveolar
ridge ,forcing the air around the tongue toward the sides of the mouth before being allowed
to exit. occur in syllable initial position for example like ,melon ,and hello .the syllablefinal
sound is referred to as velarized alveolar laterral approximate , meaning that in addition to
the tip of the tongue being brought near the alveolar ridge ,the back of the tongue is raised
toward the velum as well. occurs in syllable final position for example full ,little ,and
belfry.as with nasals ,the order of articulation is reversed between syllable initial and
syllable final lateral.
 Non lateral liquids
A non lateral liquid is a sound in which the flow of air out of the body is altered by the
shape of the tongue ,ussualy flowing over the tongue resonating near the roof of the mouth
before exiting through the lips.

f. glides

the sound j and w , the initial sound of you and we, are produced with little obstruction of
the airstream. They are always followed directly by a vowel and do not occur at the ends of
word [ dont be fooled by spelling words ending in y or w like say and sow end in a vowel
sound] after articulating j or w ,the tongue glides quickly into place for pronouncing the
next vowel, hence the term glide.

g. trills and flaps

the r-sound of many languages may be different from the english [r]. A trilled r is
produced by rapid vibration of an articulator.

Another r sound is called a flap and is produced by a flick of the tongue against the
alveolar ridge .it sounds like a very fast d. It occurs in spanish in word like pero meaning
’but’.it may also occur in british english in words such as very.

h.clicks
 these ’’exotic’’ sounds are made by moving air in the mouth between various
articulators .the sound of disapproval often spelled tsk is an alveolar click that occurs in
several languages of southern africa such as zulu. A lateral click , which is like the sound
one makes to encourage a horse.

i.t-sound

the articulator of T are the tip of tongue and the alveolar ridge .

there are three kind of T sound ;

a) True T;
When T at the beginning of a word ,ex; in the TR cluster[train ,try]
T it can be CH in the words to, today, tomorrow, tomato.
b) Flap T;
When T between two vowels or diphtong [beautiful,city]
When T after an R before a vowels or diphtong [party,dirty]
c) Stop T
When T is followed by a consonant sound [definetly,bluently]
When the T is the lastr sound [fact,best]

j. Tap..Tap..tap

tap is a regular prounounciation of/t,n,d/in word latter, ladder, tanner. The articulator is
the tip of the tongue contact the dental or alveolar , roof and floor of mouth then up and
down

k.sibilance

sibilance is a literary device where strongly stressed consonant are created deliberately by
producing air from vocal tracts through the use of lips and topngue . such consonant produce
hissing sound

there are six sound os sibilance.

 /s/ - ’’suit ’’ and ’’bus ’’ – air is forced through tongue and alveolar ridge [ alveolar ]
 /z/ - ’’zit’’ and ’’jazz’’ – air is forced through tongue and alveolar riodge [alveolar]
 Shot and brash – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond alveolar ridge
[ pastalveolar]
 Vision and measure – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond alveolar ridge
[post-alveolar]
 Chick and match – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge [ post-alveolar
], then released as a fricative.
 Jam and badge – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge [ post-alveolar]

l. lateral
 the key feature of lateral is that the airflow passes to the sides [of the tongue ,usually]
when prounouncing them. Ex; lake , bell

m. Nasal

nasal is the sounds prodused with articulated are completely obtrcting the mouth
passage . but allowing the air to pass out through the nose .

the basic characteristics of a nasal consonant is that the air escapes through the nose , in
the case off all the other consonant and vowel , the soft palate is raised and air cannot pass
through the nose . in nasal consonants , however ,the air does not passs through the mouth ;it
is prevented by a complete closure in the mouth at some point .

the types of nasal

A. Bilabial ; total closure is made by both lips .for a bilabial sound ,the active
articulator is the bottom lip , and the pasive articulator is the top lip
B. Alveolar ; alveolar sound are produced by the tip of the tongue moving up
towards the pa;ate of the rough part
C. Velar ;the back part of the tongue to touched against the soft palate, the back part
roof of the mouth .for velar sounds ,the active articulator is the back of he tongue
and the passive articulator is the velum or soft palate .

4. the airflow

Essentially , speaking is modified breathing ; it makes use of the resources involved in

All the sounds of english , both consonants and vowels, are produced on this pulmonic
egressive airstream ,where the initiator is the lungs and the rest of the respiratory system
,and the direction of airflow is outwards; this is overwhelmingly the most common airstream
mechanism in every language of the world ,it can generally be taken for granted that the
sound under discussion bellow are pulmonic egressive, but you should remember to give
that information in a complete description ; so the labial nasal [m] [which , as we shall see ,
is produced using the lips – hence labialand with airflow through the nose – hence nasal] ,is
strictly a pulmonic egressive labial nasal.

EXERCISE

 KHALIDA KIRANA
1. How many manners articulation? Mention it!
2. Where the alveolar sound is produced?
 CANDRA