INTRODUCTION

TO HAND TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENTS

Prepared by: Mr. Cael

 INTRODUCTION
O The aviation maintenance technician (AMT)
spends a major portion of each day using a
wide variety of hand tools to accomplish
maintenance tasks.
O An AMT encounters many special tools as
their experience widens; large transport
category aircraft have different maintenance
tasks from those of a light airplane, and
special hand tools are often required when
working on complex aircraft.
 INTRODUCTION
O The use of tools may vary, but good practices for
safety, care, and storage of tools remain the same.
O Hand tools are indispensable for the inspection,
maintenance, and repair of aircraft structures and
components.
O Therefore, as a maintenance technician, you must
be familiar with the tooling used in the industry and
its correct use and care.
O When working with any tool or measuring device,
remember that safety should always be your pri-
mary consideration.
GENERAL PURPOSE TOOLS
O Hammers and Mallets
O Screwdrivers
O Pliers and Plier-Type Cutting Tools
O Punches
O Wrenches
HAMMERS
AND
MALLETS
 HAMMERS
O The hammers that the aviation mechanic
may be required to use.
 HAMMERS
O Metal head hammers are usually sized
according to the weight of the head without
the handle.
O soft-faced hammer, which has a striking
surface made of wood, brass, lead, rawhide,
hard rubber, or plastic.
 HAMMERS
O These hammers are intended for use in
forming soft metals and striking surfaces
that are easily damaged.
O Soft-faced hammers should not be used for
striking punch heads, bolts, or nails, as
using one in this fashion will quickly ruin this
type of hammer.
 Hand Tools: Hammers
O Claw Hammer Designed for inserting and
removing nails
O Rip Hammer Can be used for prying or
ripping apart previously nailed wood
O Ball Peen Hammer Used for bending and
shaping metal and seating rivets
 Hand Tools: Hammers
O Mechanic’s Hammer Used for shaping metal
O Tack Hammer Used for inserting tacks, the
face is magnetized to hold tacks in place
O Mallet Wooden, plastic, or metal head, they
are used for driving chisels
 MALLETS
O A mallet is a hammer-like tool with a head
made of hickory, rawhide, or rubber.
O It is handy for shaping thin metal parts
without causing creases or dents with
abrupt corners.
O Always use a wooden mallet when pounding
a wood chisel or a gouge.
NOTE:
O When using a hammer or mallet, choose the one best
suited for the job.
O Ensure that the handle is tight. When striking a blow
with the hammer, use the forearm as an extension of
the handle.
O Swing the hammer by bending the elbow, not the wrist.
Always strike the work squarely with the full face of the
hammer.
O When striking a metal tool with a metal hammer, the
use of safety glasses or goggles is strongly
encouraged.
O Always keep the faces of hammers and mallets
smooth and free from dents, chips, or gouges to
prevent marring the work.
SCREWDRIVERS
 SCREWDRIVERS
O The screwdriver can be classified by its shape,
type of blade, and blade length. It is made for only
one purpose, i.e., for loosening or tightening
screws or screw head bolts.
O When using the common screwdriver, select the
largest screwdriver whose blade will make a good
fit in the screw that is to be turned.
O A common screwdriver must fill at least 75
percent of the screw slot.
The end of a screwdriver blade should be ground flat and fill
approximately 75 percent of the screw slot width.
COMMON SCREWDRIVER
O The common screwdriver is used only where
slotted head screws or fasteners are found on
aircraft.
O An example of a fastener that requires the use of a
common screwdriver is the camlock style fastener
that is used to secure the cowling on some
aircraft.
O A screwdriver should not be used for chiseling or
prying.
TWO TYPES OF RECESSED
HEAD SCREWS
O Phillips - it has a slightly larger center in the
cross.
O Reed & Prince - it recessed head forms a
perfect cross.

O Both the Phillips and Reed & Prince

recessed heads are optional on several
types of screws.
 OFFSET SCREWDRIVER
O Offset screwdrivers –are made for both standard
and recessed head screws.
O Offset screwdrivers are constructed with both ends
bent 90° to the shank handle.
O An offset screwdriver like the one shown
here allows screws to be removed and
tightened when there is no clearance for a
straight screwdriver.
NOTE:
O When using a screwdriver on a small part,
always hold the part in the vise or rest it on
a workbench.
O Do not hold the part in the hand, as the
screwdriver may slip and cause serious
personal injury.
 REPLACEABLE TIP
SCREWDRIVERS
O Replaceable tip screwdrivers, commonly referred to
as “10 in 1” screwdrivers, allow for the quick
changing of a screwdriver tip, and economical
replacement of the tip when it becomes worn.
O A wide variety of screwdriver tips, including flat,
crosspoint (Phillips and Reed & Prince), Torx and
square drive tips are available for use with the
handles.
 CORDLESS HAND-HELD
POWER SCREWDRIVER
O The cordless hand-held power screwdriver has
replaced most automatic or spiral screwdrivers for
the removal of multiple screws from an airframe.
O Care must be exercised when using a power
screwdriver; if the slip clutch is set for too high a
setting when installing a screw, the screwdriver tip
will slip and rotate on top of the screw head,
damaging it.
 CORDLESS HAND-HELD
POWER SCREWDRIVER
O The screw should be started by hand, to avoid
driving the screw into the nut or nutplate in a
cross-threaded manner.
O To avoid damaging the slot or receptacle in the
head of the screw, the use of cordless power drills
fitted with a removable tip driver to remove or
install screws is not recommended, as the drill
does not have a slip-clutch installed.
PLIERS AND PLIER-TYPE
CUTTING TOOLS
 PLIERS AND PLIER-TYPE
CUTTING TOOLS
O The pliers used most frequently in aircraft repair
work are the diagonal, needlenose, and duckbill.
O The size of pliers indicates their overall length,
usually ranging from 5 to 12 inches.
 PLIERS
O Round nose pliers are used to crimp metal. They
are not made for heavy work because too much
pressure will spring the jaws, which are often
wrapped to prevent scarring the metal.
O Needle nose pliers have half round jaws of varying
lengths. They are used to hold objects and make
adjustments in tight places.
O Duckbill pliers resemble a “duck’s bill” in that the
jaws are thin, flat, and shaped like a duck’s bill.
They are used exclusively for twisting safety wire.
 PLIERS
O Diagonal pliers are usually referred to as diagonals or
“dikes.” The diagonal is a short-jawed cutter with a
blade set at a slight angle on each jaw.
O This tool can be used to cut wire, rivets, small screws,
and cotter pins, besides being practically
indispensable in removing or installing safety wire.
O The duckbill pliers and the diagonal cutting pliers are
used extensively in aviation for the job of safety
wiring.
 TWO IMPORTANT RULES
FOR USING PLIERS
O 1. Do not make pliers work beyond their capacity.
The long-nosed variety is especially delicate. It is
easy to spring or break them, or nick the edges. If
this occurs, they are practically useless.
O 2. Do not use pliers to turn nuts. In just a few
seconds, a pair of pliers can damage a nut more
than years of service.
PUNCHES
 PUNCHES
O Punches are used to locate centers for drawing
circles, to start holes for drilling, to punch holes in
sheet metal, to transfer location of holes in
patterns, and to remove damaged rivets, pins or
bolts.
O Solid or hollow punches are the two types
generally used.
O Solid punches are classified according to the
shape of their points.
TYPES OF PUNCHES
O Prick punches are used to place reference marks on
metal. This punch is often used to transfer dimensions
from a paper pattern directly on the metal.
O To do this, first place the paper pattern directly on the
metal. Then go over the outline of the pattern with the
prick punch, tapping it lightly with a small hammer and
making slight indentations on the metal at the major
points on the drawing.
O These indentations can then be used as reference
marks for cutting the metal.
O A prick punch should never be struck a heavy blow with
a hammer because it may bend the punch or cause
excessive damage to the material being worked.
O Large indentations in metal, which are
necessary to start a twist drill, are made
with a center punch.
O It should never be struck with enough force
to dimple the material around the
indentation or to cause the metal to
protrude through the other side of the sheet.
O A center punch has a heavier body than a
prick punch and is ground to a point with an
angle of about 60°.
O The drive punch, which is often called a tapered
punch, is used for driving out damaged rivets,
pins, and bolts that sometimes bind in holes.
The drive punch is therefore made with a flat
face instead of a point. The size of the punch is
determined by the width of the face, which is
usually 1⁄8 inch to 1⁄4 inch.
O Pin punches, often called drift punches, are
similar to drive punches and are used for the
same purposes.
O The difference between the two is that the sides
of a drive punch taper all the way to the face
while the pin punch has a straight shank.
THANK
YOU 