Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 47 views

    Glass PDF

    Uploaded by

    Priya Priya
    Glass is an amorphous solid made from sand, soda ash, and lime that has many uses in construction and design. It is formed by melting these raw materials and then shaping, annealing, and finishing the molten glass. The main types are float glass, made by floating on molten tin, and sheet glass, made by blowing and flattening. Glass can be categorized based on its function, such as for lighting, privacy, thermal insulation, soundproofing, safety, security, and more. It comes in many forms including laminated, wired, reinforced, and specialized types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Glass PDF

    Uploaded by

    Priya Priya
    47 views27 pages
    Glass is an amorphous solid made from sand, soda ash, and lime that has many uses in construction and design. It is formed by melting these raw materials and then shaping, annealing, and finishing the molten glass. The main types are float glass, made by floating on molten tin, and sheet glass, made by blowing and flattening. Glass can be categorized based on its function, such as for lighting, privacy, thermal insulation, soundproofing, safety, security, and more. It comes in many forms including laminated, wired, reinforced, and specialized types.

    Original Title

    417270511-GLASS-pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Glass is an amorphous solid made from sand, soda ash, and lime that has many uses in construction and design. It is formed by melting these raw materials and then shaping, annealing, and finishing the molten glass. The main types are float glass, made by floating on molten tin, and sheet glass, made by blowing and flattening. Glass can be categorized based on its function, such as for lighting, privacy, thermal insulation, soundproofing, safety, security, and more. It comes in many forms including laminated, wired, reinforced, and specialized types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views27 pages

    Glass PDF

    Uploaded by

    Priya Priya
    Glass is an amorphous solid made from sand, soda ash, and lime that has many uses in construction and design. It is formed by melting these raw materials and then shaping, annealing, and finishing the molten glass. The main types are float glass, made by floating on molten tin, and sheet glass, made by blowing and flattening. Glass can be categorized based on its function, such as for lighting, privacy, thermal insulation, soundproofing, safety, security, and more. It comes in many forms including laminated, wired, reinforced, and specialized types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    F.Y. B. ARCH.

    – BUILDING CONSTRUC
    07.0

    GL
    GLASS
    Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transp
    has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usag
    example, window panes, tableware, etc.
    PROPERTIES
    • Amorphous
    • Brittle
    • Transparent / Translucent
    • Good electrical insulator
    • Unaffected by air, water.
    • No definite crystal structure means glass has high Compres
    strength
    • Can absorb, transmit and reflect light
    RAW MATERIALS USED
    • Silica arc quartz, white sand and ignited flint.
    • Sodium as Na2Co3 (used in soft glass).
    • Potassium as K2Co3 (used in Hard Glass).
    • Calcium as lime stone, chalk and lime.
    • Zinc is zinc oxide (Heat and shock proof glass).
    • Borates are borax, Boric acid (Heat and shock proof glass).
    MANUFACTURING STEPS
    • Melting
    • Forming and Shaping
    • Annealing
    • Finishing
    MELTING PROCESS
    Raw materials in proper proportions are mixed with culle
    finely powdered and intimate mixture called batch is f
    furnace at high temperature of 1800°C. This charge melts a
    into a viscous fluid.

    CaCO3 + SiO2  CaSiO3 + CO2 


    Na2CO3 + SiO2  Na2SiO3 + CO2

    After removal of CO2 de-colorizers like MnO2 are added to


    traces of ferrous compounds and Carbon. Heating is conti
    clear molten mass is free from bubbles is obtained and it
    cooled to about 800°C.
    FORMING, SHAPING &
    ANNEALING
    • Forming and Shaping

    The viscous mass obtained from melting is poured into mould


    different types of articles of desired shape by either blowing or
    between the rollers.
    • Annealing

    Glass articles are then allowed to cool gradually at room temper


    passing through different chambers with descending temperatu
    reduces the internal Strain in the glass.
    FINISHING
    Finishing is the last step in glass manufacturing. It involves
    following steps.
    • Cleaning
    • Grinding
    • Polishing
    • Cutting
    • Sand Blasting
    TYPES OF GLASS
    As per the manufacturing process, glass can be categorized in
    main types:
    1. FLOAT GLASS
    2. SHEET GLASS / PLATE GLASS / FLAT GLASS
    1. FLOAT GLASS
    • Float glass is a sheet of glass
    made by floating molten glass on
    a bed of molten metal, typically
    tin.
    • Although, lead and various low
    melting point alloys were used in
    the past.
    • This method gives the sheet
    uniform thickness and very flat
    surfaces.
    • Modern windows are made from
    float glass.
    2. SHEET GLASS
    • It is made by blowing molten
    glass into an elongated balloon
    shape with a blowpipe.
    • Then, while the glass is still hot,
    the ends are cut off and the
    resulting cylinder is split with
    shears and flattened on an iron
    plate.
    TYPES AS PER FUNCTION
    1. LIGHTING & VISUAL LINK
    • Float Glass – Standard annealed glass product is used
    • White Glass – Reduced level of iron oxide impurities gives high
    light transmission. This glass is virtually colorless.
    2. PRIVACY
    • Embossed Glass– It
    has a range of
    decorative pattern
    with differing levels of
    privacy.
    • Screen Printed Glass –
    White or colored
    ceramic frit printed
    and fused onto clear
    or tinted float glass.
    2. PRIVACY
    • Etched / Sand blasted
    – Range of acid etched
    or sand blasted
    designs on clear or
    tinted glass.
    • Translucent finish –
    Diffusing frosted
    fused glass
    2. PRIVACY
    • Electro-optic glass –
    Changes by electrical
    switching from
    transparent to
    translucent glass
    (liquid crystal film
    interlayer)
    • Colored glass –
    through colored glass,
    laminated plastic films.
    THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
    3. SOLAR CONTROL
    • Laminated glass – Tinted
    plastic interlayers

    • Blinds – Insulating glass units


    with integral blinds.
    4. THERMAL INSULATION

    • Multiple glazing –
    Double/triple glazing
    systems with inert gas fill
    (argon – standard)
    • Low emissivity glass – Soft
    off-line ultra-low emissivity
    coating.
    5. SOUND INSULATION
    • Noise Control – Laminated glass with PVB (polyvinyl butyral) in
    Sealed units with large spacing and acoustic insulation around
    6. SAFETY
    • Toughened Glass – Five
    times stronger than
    annealed glass. Safety
    glass (breakage into
    relatively harmless
    granules)
    • Heat soaked toughened –
    Reduces the risk of
    spontaneous breakage of
    toughened glass due to
    nickel sulfide inclusions.
    7. SECURITY

    • Laminated glass –
    Vandalism / anti-bandit /
    bullet or explosion
    resistant, depending upon
    number and thickness of
    glass laminates.
    • One-way vision – Requires
    low level of lighting on
    the observers side
    8. FIRE PROTECTION

    • Non-insulating wired glass – cracks, the


    fragments hold together.
    • Integrity glass – restricts flame and hot
    gases only
    • Integrity & Insulation – Laminated with
    interlayer. Multiple layers give 30 min –
    180 min insulation.
    • Integrity with some radiation protection
    – Laminated with interlayers. Reduced
    heat radiation.
    9. MAINTENANCE

    • Self-cleaning – Hydrophilic and photo catalytic on-line coating


    spreads water and oxidizes dirt on the surface.
    10. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

    • Spandrel Glass – Range of


    colors and screen print
    designs.
    • Curved Glass – CIP (cast in
    place) if required laminated.
    • Mirror Glass – Mirror.
    • Radiation protection – X-ray
    and gamma ray protection.
    11. GLASS BRICKS

    • Glass brick, also known as


    glass block, is an architectural
    element made from glass.
    • Glass bricks provide visual
    obscuration while admitting
    light.
    • The glass block was originally
    developed in the early 1900s to
    provide natural light in
    manufacturing plants.
    12. FIBRE GLASS

    • Fiberglass is a type of fiber


    reinforced plastic where the
    reinforcement fiber is
    specifically glass fiber.
    • The glass fiber may be
    randomly arranged, flattened
    into a sheet (called a chopped
    strand mat), or woven into a
    fabric.
    THANK YOU

    You might also like