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    Short-Circuit Current Calculations: Basic Point-to-Point Calculation Procedure

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    balbeloanna7
    This document provides steps for calculating short-circuit currents at different points in an electrical system. It explains how to determine the transformer short-circuit current and how that value is used with impedance and distance to calculate the available fault current at other locations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Short-Circuit Current Calculations: Basic Point-to-Point Calculation Procedure

    Uploaded by

    balbeloanna7
    139 views1 page
    This document provides steps for calculating short-circuit currents at different points in an electrical system. It explains how to determine the transformer short-circuit current and how that value is used with impedance and distance to calculate the available fault current at other locations.

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    tr 2

    Original Title

    bus-ele-tech-lib-electrical-formulas 1

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    This document provides steps for calculating short-circuit currents at different points in an electrical system. It explains how to determine the transformer short-circuit current and how that value is used with impedance and distance to calculate the available fault current at other locations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views1 page

    Short-Circuit Current Calculations: Basic Point-to-Point Calculation Procedure

    Uploaded by

    balbeloanna7
    This document provides steps for calculating short-circuit currents at different points in an electrical system. It explains how to determine the transformer short-circuit current and how that value is used with impedance and distance to calculate the available fault current at other locations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Short-Circuit Current Calculations

    Basic Point-to-Point Calculation Procedure At some distance from the terminals, depending upon wire size, the L-N fault
    Step 1. Determine the transformer full load amps (F.L.A.) from current is lower than the L-L fault current. The 1.5 multiplier is an approximation
    and will theoretically vary from 1.33 to 1.67. These figures are based on change in
    turns ratio between primary and secondary, infinite source available, zero feet from
    terminals of transformer, and 1.2 x %X and 1.5 x %R for L-N vs. L-L resistance and
    reactance values. Begin L-N calculations at transformer secondary terminals, then
    proceed point-to-point.
    Step 5. Calculate "M" (multiplier) or take from Table 2.

    either the nameplate, the following formulas or Table 1: 1


    M=
    100 1 +f
    Multiplier =
    *% Z transformer Step 6. Calculate the available short circuit symmetrical RMS
    current at the point of fault. Add motor contribution, if
    Step 2. Find the transformer multiplier. See Notes 1 and 2 applicable.
    * Note 1. Get %Z from nameplate or Table 1. Transformer impedance (Z) helps to
    determine what the short circuit current will be at the transformer secondary.
    I S.C. sym. RMS = IS.C. x M

    Transformer impedance is determined as follows: The transformer secondary is short Step 6A. Motor short circuit contribution, if significant, may be
    circuited. Voltage is increased on the primary until full load current flows in the added at all fault locations throughout the system. A
    secondary. This applied voltage divided by the rated primary voltage (times 100) is the practical estimate of motor short circuit contribution is to
    impedance of the transformer. multiply the total motor current in amps by 4. Values of 4
    to 6 are commonly accepted.
    Example: For a 480 Volt rated primary, if 9.6 volts causes secondary full load current to
    flow through the shorted secondary, the transformer impedance is 9.6/480 = .02 = 2%Z.
    Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents When Primary
    * Note 2. In addition, UL 1561 listed transformers 25kVA and larger have a ± 10%
    Available Short-Circuit Current is Known
    impedance tolerance. Short circuit amps can be affected by this tolerance. Therefore, for
    high end worst case, multiply %Z by .9. For low end of worst case, multiply %Z by 1.1. Use the following procedure to calculate the level of fault current at the secondary
    Transformers constructed to ANSI standards have a ±7.5% impedance tolerance of a second, downstream transformer in a system when the level of fault current at
    (two-winding construction). the transformer primary is known.
    Step 3. Determine by formula or Table 1 the transformer let- MAIN
    through short-circuit current. See Notes 3 and 4. TRANSFORMER

    IS.C. = TransformerF.L.A. x Multiplier

    Note 3. Utility voltages may vary ±10% for power and ±5.8% for 120 Volt lighting
    services. Therefore, for highest short circuit conditions, multiply values as calculated in
    IS.C. primary IS.C. secondary

    step 3 by 1.1 or 1.058 respectively. To find the lower end worst case, multiply results in
    H.V. UTILITY
    CONNECTION
    step 3 by .9 or .942 respectively.
    Note 4. Motor short circuit contribution, if significant, may be added at all fault locations
    throughout the system. A practical estimate of motor short circuit contribution is to
    IS.C. primary IS.C. secondary

    multiply the total motor current in amps by 4. Values of 4 to 6 are commonly accepted. Step A. Calculate the "f" factor (IS.C. primary known)
    Step 4. Calculate the "f" factor.
    3Ø Faults 1.732 x L x I 3Ø 3Ø Transformer
    f= I S.C. primary x V primary x 1.73 (%Z)
    C x n x E L-L (I S.C. primary and
    f=
    I S.C. secondary are 100,000 x kVA
    1Ø Line-to-Line (L-L) Faults transformer
    2 x L x I L-L 3Ø fault values)
    See Note 5 & Table 3 f=
    C x n x EL-L
    1Ø Transformer
    1Ø Line-to-Neutral (L-N) Faults (I S.C. primary and
    See Note 5 & Table 3 2 x L x I L-N† I S.C. primary x V primary x (%Z)
    f= I S.C. secondary are f=
    C x n x EL-N 100,000 x kVA
    Where: 1Ø fault values: transformer
    I S.C. secondary is L-L)
    L = length (feet) of conductor to the fault.
    C = constant from Table 4 of “C” values for conductors and
    Table 5 of “C” values for busway. Step B. Calculate "M" (multiplier).
    n = Number of conductors per phase (adjusts C value for
    1
    parallel runs) M=
    1 +f
    I = Available short-circuit current in amperes at beginning
    Step C. Calculate the short-circuit current at the secondary of the
    of circuit.
    E = Voltage of circuit. transformer. (See Note under Step 3 of "Basic Point-to-
    Point Calculation Procedure".)
    † Note 5. The L-N fault current is higher than the L-L fault current at the secondary
    terminals of a single-phase center-tapped transformer. The short-circuit current available
    Vprimary
    I S.C. secondary = x M x I S.C. primary
    (I) for this case in Step 4 should be adjusted at the transformer terminals as follows: At
    Vsecondary

    L-N center tapped transformer terminals, IL-N = 1.5 x IL-L at Transformer Terminals.

    ©2014 Eaton 237

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