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    Sedimentation 1

    Uploaded by

    Priyank Godhat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sedimentation 1

    Uploaded by

    Priyank Godhat
    18 views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views15 pages

    Sedimentation 1

    Uploaded by

    Priyank Godhat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Sedimentation

    Simple Sorting
    • Goal: clean water
    • Source: (contaminated) surface water
    • Solution: separate contaminants from water
    • How?
    Where are we?
    • Unit processes* designed to
    Particles and pathogens
    – remove _________________________
    dissolved chemicals
    – remove __________ ___________
    pathogens
    – inactivate ____________
    • *Unit process: a process that is used in similar
    ways in many different applications
    • Unit Processes Designed to Remove Particulate
    Matter
    – Screening Empirical design
    – Coagulation/flocculation Theories developed later
    – Sedimentation
    – Filtration Smaller particles
    Conventional Surface Water Treatment

    Raw water
    Screening Filtration
    sludge sludge
    Alum
    Rapid Mix Cl2 Disinfection
    Polymers

    Flocculation Storage

    Sedimentation Distribution
    sludge
    Sedimentation
    • the oldest form of water treatment
    • uses gravity to separate particles from water
    • often follows coagulation and flocculation
    Sedimentation: Effect of the particle
    concentration

    • Dilute suspensions
    – Particles act independently
    • Concentrated suspensions
    – Particle-particle interactions are significant
    – Particles may collide and stick together
    (form flocs)
    – Particle flocs may settle more quickly
    – At very high concentrations particle-
    particle forces may prevent further
    consolidation
    Settling of particles from suspension
    depends on:
    Characteristics of the Particles Concentration of Particles in Suspension

    DILUTE SUSPENSIONS
    DISCRETE PARTICLES suspensions in which the conc. of
    particles is not sufficient to cause
    particles whose size, shape and
    significant displacement of water as
    specific gravity do not change with
    they settle or in which the particles
    time.
    will not be close enough for velocity
    field interference to occur

    FLOCCULATING PARTICLES CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS


    particles whose surface properties are suspensions in which the conc. of
    such that they aggregate upon contact particles is too great to meet the
    Thus, changing in size, shape, and conditions mentioned for dilute
    perhaps specific gravity with each suspensions
    contact
    Settling Phenomenon in a clarifier
    Sedimentation:
    Particle Terminal Fall Velocity
     p  particle volume
     F  ma
    Identify forces projected
    Fb Ap  particle cross sectional area
    Fd  Fb  W  0
    Fd ρ p  particle density

    p p g ρw  water density


    W  _______
    g  acceleration due to gravity
    C D  drag coefficient
    Fb = "________
    pr wg
    Vt  particle terminal velocity

    Vt 2 W 4 gd ( r p - r w )
    Fd  CD AP  w Vt =
    2 3 CD rw
    Drag Coefficient on a Sphere
    d 2 g  p   w  4 gd ( r p - r w )
    Vt  Vt =
    18 3 CD rw
    1000
    Stokes Law
    Drag Coefficient

    100

    10

    0.1

    Vt d 
    24 Re 
    Cd  
    Re Reynolds Number
    turbulent boundary
    laminar turbulent
     Regraph
     CDsphere

    Floc Drag
    Flocs created in the water
    treatment process can have 100

    Re exceeding 1 and thus their


    terminal velocity must be
    modeled using 10
    CDsphere

    CDtransition Rek 

    Stokes  Rek 

    0.1
    3 4 5 6 7
    0.1 1 10 100 110 110 110 110 110
    Regraph Rek
    24 3
    C.Dtransition( Re)    0.34
    Re Re

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