Revision of Modules

Practical Research 1
First QTR

Topic: Nature, Importance and Characteristics of Research

Level: Grade 11
Week 1 and 2
Teacher: JM Arnosa
Module: 1

Let’s Try This

Instructions: Read and analyze each question carefully. Choose and click
the best answer from the given choices.

_____1.It is a method of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method of inquiry to enrich the system
of objective knowledge.
A. Discipline B. Theory C. Research D.
Model
_____2.One important goal in conducting research is to ____________.
A. advance the personal and professional qualification of a practitioner
B. produce evidence based practice
C. focus the direction of the research
D. describe characteristics of a population
_____3.It is the characteristic of a good research that starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
A. Original C. Cyclical
B. Systematic D. Empirical
_____4.It is the characteristic of a good research that any conclusion drawn is based upon hard evidence
gathered from information collected from real life experience or observation.
A. Original C. Cyclical
B. Systematic D. Empirical
_____5. The first step in research is identifying the topic. Conceptualizing a research topic would include
A. discuss with fellow researchers C. where to start
B. finding a focus D. title of research
_____6. Why is research important in daily life?
a. Research empowers us with knowledge and efficient learning of new things.
b. Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious vision to look.
c. Research develops our attitudes to not believe automatically without further investigation of
the real situation.
d. All of the above
_____7. Which of the following is the systematic process of conducting a research?
I – Processing and analysing data
II – Planning research design
III – Developing a research problem
IV – Reviewing related literature
V – Gathering necessary data
VI – Formulating generalization
VII – Defining new problem
a. VII, II, I, III, V, VI, IV c. III, IV, II, V, I, VI, VII
b. III, I, II, V, I, VI, VII d. VII, III, IV, II, V, I, VI
______8. It is an act of asking questions that require instant answers.
a. Investigation c. Inquiry
b. Research d. Immersion
_____9. It is a careful examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
a. Investigation c. Inquiry
b. Research d. Immersion
______10. It is a rigorous, systematic and refined technique of thinking, employing specialized tools,
instruments, and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem.
a. Investigation c. Inquiry
b. Research d. Immersion

Let’s Learn

Inquiry – a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events.

Research…
• is an investigation since it involves inquiry and looking deeper into a topic.
• is systematic for there is logic, discipline, and a procedure in going about it.
• reveals the truth because its primary objective is to unearth a fact, an insight, or a realization
about reality.
• revolves around a particular topic, phenomenon, or reality. It narrows down the attention of
our inquiry, allowing us to plan feasible steps to find out more about it.

I. Importance of Research

1. Gather relevant information - research provides the researcher with all the crucial
information in field of his work, study, or operation before he starts working on it.
Ex:
Before beginning a project, most companies do research to acquire a fundamental idea about
the things they must do for a project.

2. Improve quality of life - Only through research can new inventions and discoveries come
into life.

Ex.
It was C.V. Raman’s research that prompted the invention of radio communication. The first
ever practical telephone of Graham Bell for communication had not come out without research.
It was Martin Cooper who made the research and he presented the world the concept of
mobile phones.

3. Understand history - research about planet history and human history has enabled people to
learn and understand more about their forefathers and helped learn from their mistakes and
absorb good things about their life.
Example: Global warming and Climate Change

4. Personal and professional development - Personally, you will gain more knowledge and
widen your perspective. Professionally, you will advance to a more challenging and exciting
world of learning.

5. Create changes - The concluding outcome of such a research raises a claim for change and at
times is victorious in producing changes also.

6.For a safer life - Research has made a ground breaking discoveries and development in the
field of health, nutrition, food technology, medicine and so on.

Ex. These things have improved the life expectancy and health conditions of human race in all
parts of the world and helped eradicate diseases like polio and small pox completely.

7. To know the truth- It has been proven time and again that many of established facts and
known truths are just a cover ups or blatant lies or rumors. Research is needed to investigate
and expose these and bring out the truth.

II. Purposes of Research

There are three main purposes of research:
1. To explore
Exploratory research is best utilized in pioneering studies that focus on topics that have not
been investigated before or that use new techniques in collecting and analyzing data. It allows
the researcher to become familiar with the topic, come up with new ideas, direct the research
questions, and find out how to best approach the topic under study.

2. To describe
In descriptive research, the researcher delves into the field of study and simply describes what
he or she has found out about it. The researcher uses detailed descriptions of what he or she
sees, feels, hears, tastes, and smells.

3. To explain
Explanatory research is utilized to support or refute an explanation and link issues or existing
theories and frameworks. This type of research would look into “why” questions. It attempts to
explain things, events, and phenomena, discovering answers to “why” it has become so.

Research serves many functions and it enables us to expand our knowledge, acquire
realizations and understanding, and achieve breakthroughs. It also helps us in making informed
opinions, decisions, and actions.

III. RESEARCH PROCESS

Here are the seven steps of the research process:

Step 1. Identifying a research problem

The selection of the topic for research is a difficult job. When we select a title or research
statement, other activities would be easy to perform. A discussion with colleagues, friends,
experts, and teachers is needed to be able to understand a problem thoroughly.

The research topic or problem should be practical, relatively important, feasible, and ethically
and politically acceptable.

Step 2. Exploring existing knowledge about the research problem

After the selection of the research problem, the second step is to explore the literature about
the problem. The availability of literature may bring ease to the research. For this purpose,
academic journals, conferences, and government reports, and library collections must be
studied.
Step 3. Developing the research design
After the formulation of the problem and knowing existing knowledge about it, the research
design is to be prepared by the researcher. It may draw the conceptual structure of the
problem.

This step is also known as the research plan. This means the researcher will determine how
he or she will conduct his or her study. He or she must be keen into choosing the sampling,
data collection, and data analysis method and deciding on
them.

A good researcher must justify his or her chosen methodology. Any type of research design
may be made, depending on the nature and purpose of the study. Sources, skill, time, and
finance are taken into consideration.

Step 4. Collecting data

Data collection is the most important work of the researcher. Also known as the fieldwork, the
researcher needs to go out to the real world and visit the location, meet the people, and
experience the event or phenomenon that he or she is studying.

There are various ways of collecting data. Interviews and observation are common methods of
qualitative research.

Step 5. Analyzing data

After gathering the information needed, the researcher needs to process and analyze all the
gathered data. He or she would look into the similarities and differences, convergence, and
divergence until themes or patterns surface.

This is the part of the research process where the researcher tries to make sense of the data.

Step 6. Forming conclusions, implication, and recommendation

This step compels the researcher to see the bigger picture of his or her study. He or she would
need to summarize and synthesize all the findings yielded after analyzing the data. The
conclusion is the part where all the research questions must be answered.

The researcher needs to discuss the implication of the results of his or her study and point out
the necessary recommendations for further investigations and practical applications.

Step 7. Reporting Findings

A written research report is the common final output expected from a researcher. This report
contains a description of the steps and decisions taken all throughout the undertaking of the
study. It must contain findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

An oral presentation is usually done by the researcher to share his or her finding in the presence of a
panel of reactors.
Doing research is challenging but it will definitely lead you to new learning and insights about the
things around you, the events that have happened, and/or the unique aspects of reality or
phenomenon.

IV. Characteristics of Research

1. Accuracy - It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.
2. Objectiveness - It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
3. Timeliness - It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
4. Relevance - Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems
affecting the lives of people in a community.
5. Clarity - It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct,
concise, and correct language.
6. Systematic - It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.

Let’s Go Deeper

Look for at least 5 possible topics or research titles that you want to conduct for your research study. They
should research as many information about the topics.

Let’s Connect
Students will be divided into 2-3 groups. These groups will be their perm anent groupings for Qualitative
Research 1. Each group must choose a leader. They will brainstorm about the topics that they have
gathered.
 Let’s Do This
Instructions: Read the following items carefully and do what is being
asked. Write your answer in essay form in 5 to 7 sentences. Be guided by
the rubric below.

RUBRIC

Poor Fair Good

Component
(0.5 point) (0.75 point) (1 point)

Depth and
Unelaborated
complexity of
Minimal idea ideas;
ideas
Development of development unrelated
supported by
Ideas and unrelated and/or
rich and
details. repetitious
engaging
details.
details.

Well -
Somewhat
Organization Not organized organized and
organized
easy to follow.

Has 3 or more Has 1-2 No

Grammar/Sentence
grammar grammar grammatical
Structure
errors errors errors

Has 3 or more Has 1-2 No spelling

Spelling/Word Use
spelling errors spelling errors errors

Observes 5 to
Has less than Has more than
Sentence Limit 10 sentences
5 sentences 10 sentences
only
1. What are the different values that you can get from doing a research?
2. If you are an athlete or an artist, do you still need to conduct research? Why or why not?
3. Why is research very vital in everyday decision making?
4. What are the things that you need to do in making a good research?
5. How about your personal characteristics in making a good research? What do you think are your
personal qualities in making a good research as a researcher?

Let’s Enhance
Interview incoming Grade 12 students about their knowledge and experiences in research writing

Topic: Ethics, Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research, Strengths and Weakness of Qualitative Research
Level: Grade 11
Week 3 and 4
Teacher: JM Arnosa
Module: 2

Let’s Have Fun

Oh My Jar! Activity
Direction: The class will describe what they see inside the jar. Their ideas could be about the appearance
or counts objects.

Example:
1. There are seven clip fasteners in the jar.
2. There are yellow fasteners.
For Strengths and Weaknesses for Qualitative Research (Week 4):
Steel and Kryptonite Activity
Direction: List your strength and weaknesses as a human being

Let’s Learn

Additional Notes:

1. Honesty - Strive for honesty in all scientific communications. Honestly report data, results, methods, and
procedure, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misinterpret
2. Objectivity - Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation , peer review,
personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research where objectivity is
expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or self deception.
3. Integrity - Keep your promises and your agreements, act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought
and action.
4. Carefulness - Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work. Keep
good records of research activity such as data collection, research design, and correspondence with
agencies
5. Openness - Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
6. Respect for Intellectual Property - Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do
not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Give
proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Never plagiarize
7. Confidentiality - Protect confidential communications and personal information of your respondents, if
any.
8. Social Responsibility - Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through
research, public education and advocacy.
9. Competence - Maintain and improve your professional competence and expertise through lifelong
education and learning
10. Legality - Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies.
11. Animal Care - Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct
unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
12. Human Subjects Protection - Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research.
Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.

Let’s Go Deeper
Research Consultation: Each group will have a consultation session with their Research teacher about the
possible research topics they wish to conduct. They will have another brainstorming and continue revising
their research topics which should now be based on their strands. Also, the research teacher will present
some sample thesis titles to the class.

Let’s Connect
Each group must prepare for a debate “Is it ethical to use animals as testing instrument in research?”

Topic: Research Title and Chapter 1

Level: Grade 11
Week 5 and 6
Teacher: JM Arnosa
Module: 3

Let’s Have Fun

Directions: Watch the lyric video of “Someday We’ll Know” by Mandy Moore and Jonathan Foreman. Take
note the questions that is found on the song

Week 6: Little by Little Activity

The aim of this activity is to delimit the number of learners until the last round.

Let’s Learn

What is a Research Title?

The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. It is usually read first and the most read part of
the research. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your research
paper. However, it can be revised many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It
becomes final on its final defense before your research panel or committee.

The research title does not need to be entertaining but informative.

A part of a research title has the following information:

The subject matter or topic to be investigated. (“What?”)

The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. (“Where?”)
The population like the respondents’ interviewees. (“Who”?)
The time of the study during which the data are to be collected. (“When”?)
Research Problem and Research Question

Chapter I of the research paper is called “The Introduction”, which includes the research problem and its
background.

It is composed of the following sections:

1) Background of the Study,

2) Statement of the Problem,

3) Scope and Delimitation, and

4) Significance of the Study.

What is a research problem?

Research questions were defined as specific questions about behavior, event, or phenomena of
interest that you wish to seek answers for in your research. Research questions can delve into issues of
what, why, how, then, and so forth.

Study the illustration below showing the description of the research topic, research problem, purpose
statement, and research question.

1. Background of the Study

Purpose of the background of the study

The general definition of the topic/problem area

The historical basis for the existence of the problem
Efforts made towards addressing similar challenges
How the efforts failed to be realized hence the need for your study
Contents of the background of the study:

Presentation of the problem. Describe the existence of an unsatisfactory condition or a problem that needs
a solution.
Historical background of the problem - Give the historical background of the problem, if applicable.
Geographical conditions of the study locale - If applicable, describe the geographical location of the study.
The rationale of the study - Give the reason(s) why the study should be conducted.

2. Statement of the Problem

The statement of the problem is composed of:

The general statement of the problem (the purpose statement) and
The specific sub-problems or sub-questions (or research questions).

Guidelines in Writing the Statement of the Problem

The general statement of the problem and the research questions should be formulated first before
conducting the research.
Research questions should be stated in the interrogative and each should be clear to avoid confusion.
3 Each research question should be researchable separately from the other questions and must be based
upon known facts and phenomena which is accessible to the researcher.

Answers to each research question can be interpreted apart from the answers to the other specific
questions and must contribute to the development of the whole research study.
The summary of the answers to all the specific questions will give a complete development of the entire
study.
The number of research questions should be enough to cover the development of the whole research
study.

3. Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of a Study is the coverage of the research to be explored which includes the facts and theories
about the subject

Delimitation of a Study limits the scope and outlines the boundaries of the study.

These limitations include but not limited to the following:

Sample size
Lack of available and/or reliable data
Chosen data collection method
Time period
When writing the paper, the researcher should ensure that any delimitation factor is noted down at the
introduction, discussion, and conclusion sections. He or she should clarify why the study included and
excluded some delimitation

4. Significance of the Study

The significance of the study discusses the purpose that the research will serve to society, the country, the
government, the institution or agency concerned, the curriculum planners and developers, and the research
community.

It describes the contribution of the study to the existing body of knowledge.

It could be the following:

A form of new knowledge in the field,

Validation of the major findings of other studies,
Verification of the validity of findings in a different population,
Analysis of trends over time, and validation of other findings using different methodologies.
The researcher must identify specifically the beneficiaries who will directly gain from the results of the study
mentioning them in the paper according to the significance of the result. The specific benefits must also be
enumerated and explained if necessary.

Let’s Go Deeper

Research Consultation: The research teacher will give the format for their research output and present
sample researches. Students will continue revising their research outputs based on the discussion.

Let’s Connect

The students will prepare their research output and PowerPoint presentation for their mock defense.

Let’s Do This

Instructions: Read the following items carefully and do what is being

asked. Write your answer in essay form in 5 to 7 sentences. Be guided by
the rubric below.

RUBRIC

Poor Fair Good

Component
(0.5 point) (0.75 point) (1 point)

Development of Minimal idea Unelaborated Depth and

Ideas development ideas; complexity of
and unrelated unrelated ideas
details. and/or supported by
 rich and
repetitious
engaging
details.
details.

Well -
Somewhat
Organization Not organized organized and
organized
easy to follow.

Has 3 or more Has 1-2 No

Grammar/Sentence
grammar grammar grammatical
Structure
errors errors errors

Has 3 or more Has 1-2 No spelling

Spelling/Word Use
spelling errors spelling errors errors

Observes 5 to
Has less than Has more than
Sentence Limit 10 sentences
5 sentences 10 sentences
only

1. How the characteristics and types of qualitative research can help you
to craft your title?
2. How the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research can guide
you in writing your first research?
3. How identifying the problems help you in doing decisions and in
making research titles
4. How the scope and delimitation of the study can help you to master
direction of your thesis?
5. How the determining of benefits and beneficiaries of the research can
help you to be a functional member of your barangay?
6. How revisions help you in making an effective research?