1.duct System and ADP

Duct System
It is a medium through which air is supply from one point to many point
Types of Duct
1) SAD-Supply Air Duct

It is a duct which supplies condition air supply from machine to room.
2) RAD- Return Air Duct

It is a duct through which recirculated air from the room to the return
back to the machine.
3) FAD- Fresh Air Duct

It is the duct through which atmospheric air or outside air supply to the
machine or room.
4) EAD- Exhaust Air Duct

Duct which are used for ventilation system such as kitchen, car parking.
Shape of Duct
1) Rectangular Duct
Shape of Duct
1) Circular Duct
Shape of Duct
1) Oval Duct
Duct Joint Types
Rectangular Duct Joint
Slip and Drive Cleats System

Slip and Drive Cleats system is generally used for low-end, less-critical
applications. Traditionally, only the Drive cleats ("C") which are positioning
cleats were used for all four sides.

This was giving a poor joint.


For 1" pressure class we can use cleats

The Slip cleats ("S" / "Standing S") on the alternate opposite sides provide the
moderate rigidity to the joint.
TDF System

TDF can not be made below 250 mm size of the duct. We suggest to use C & S
Cleat instead of TDF.
Installation
Installation
Installation
Material of Duct
Metallic Material
1. Galvanized Steel: It is a standard, most common material used in fabricating
ductwork for most comfort air conditioning systems. The specifications for galvanized
steel sheet are ASTM A653,Coating G90.
2. Aluminium: It is widely used in clean room applications. These are also preferred
systems for moisture laden air, special exhaust systems and ornamental duct systems.
The specifications for Aluminium sheet are ASTM B209, alloy 1100, 3003 or 5052.
3. Stainless Steel: It is used in duct systems for kitchen exhaust, moisture laden air, and
fume exhaust. The specifications for stainless steel sheet are ASTM A167, Class 302 or
304, Condition A (annealed) Finish No. 4 for exposed ducts and Finish No. 2B for
concealed duct.
4. Carbon Steel (Black Iron): It is widely used in applications involving flues, stacks,
hoods, other high temperature and special coating requirements for industrial use.
5. Copper: It is mainly used for certain chemical exhaust and ornamental ductwork.
Material of Duct
Non metallic material
1. Fibreglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP): It is used mainly for chemical exhaust, scrubbers,
and underground duct systems. Advantages are resistance to corrosion, self-insulation,
excellent sound attenuation and high quality sealing. Limiting characteristics include cost,
weight, range of chemical and physical properties, and code acceptance.
2. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): It is used for exhaust systems for chemical fumes and
underground duct systems. Advantages include resistance to corrosion, light weight, and
ease of modification. Limiting characteristics include cost, fabrication, code acceptance,
thermal shock, and weight.
3. Fabric: Fabric ducting, also known as textile ducts, is usually made of special permeable
polyester material and is normally used where even air distribution is essential. Due to the
nature or the air distribution, textile ducts are not usually concealed within false ceilings.
Condensation is not a concern with fabric ducts and therefore these can be used where air
is to be supplied below the dew point without insulation.
4. Flex Duct: Flex ducts consist of a duct inner liner supported on the inside by a helix wire
coil and covered by blanket insulation with a flexible vapour barrier jacket on the outside.
Flex ducts are often used for run-outs, as well as with metal collars used to connect the
flexible ducts to supply plenum's, trunks and branches constructed from sheet metal or duct
board. Flex ducts provide convenience of installation as these can be easily adapted to
14 avoid clashes but has certain disadvantages. These have more friction loss inside them
than metal ducting. Flex duct runs should be as short as possible (5 to 6 ft. max.) and
should be stretched as tight as possible.
Duct Classification
Ducts are classified in terms of velocity and pressure.
Velocity Classification
Ducts are classified into 3 basic categories:
1. Low Velocity Systems: They are characterized by air velocities up to 2000 fpm.
(Residential,commercial,less sound area)
2. Medium Velocity Systems: They are characterized by air velocities in the range of
2,000 to 2,500 fpm.
3. High Velocity Systems: They are characterized by air velocities greater than 2,500
fpm.
Duct Classification
Pressure Classification
Duct systems are also divided into three pressure classifications, matching the way
supply fans are classified.
1. Low Pressure: The term low-pressure applies to systems with fan static pressures
less than 3 inches WC. Generally, duct velocities are less than 1,500 fpm.
2. Medium Pressure: The term medium pressure applies to systems with fan static
pressures between 3 to 6 inches WC. Generally, duct velocities are less than or equal to
2,500 fpm.
3. High Pressure: The term high pressure applies to systems with fan static pressures
between 6 to 10 inches WC. Usually the static pressure is limited to a maximum of 7
inches WC, and duct velocities are limited to 4,000 fpm. Systems requiring pressures
more than 7 inches WC are normally unwarranted and could result in very high operating
costs.
Duct Gauges Chart as per SMACNA standard
Rectangular Sizes Gauges of Sheet and Round Diameter

Thickness
Up to 12” 26 (0.5mm) Up to 12”

(300MM) (300MM)
13” to 30” 24 (0.6mm) 13” to 30”

(325MM X 750MM) (325MM X 750MM)
31” to 42” 22 (0.8mm) 31” to 40”

(775MM X 1050MM) (775MM X 1000MM)
43” to 60” 20 (1mm) 41” to 60”

(1075MM X 1500MM) (1025MM X 1500MM)
61” in and Over 18 (1.3mm) 61” in and Over

(1525MM and above) (1525MM and above)
Duct Fittings
Flexible Duct
Flexible Duct Connector

To Prevent vibration transfer the moving parts (ahu/fan) to the duct.
Install on supply & return duct nearest of the unit.
Plenum Box
Function:-To collect the air from the main duct and distribute it into the outlet.
Location:- Above the fall-ceiling at the end of each duct line
Air Distribution Product
Grill Diffuser
Size:-100mm,150mm,200mm,250 etc Size:-150x150-mm,200x200-mm,

250x250-mm etc.
-Diffuser available in One way, Two way
variant.
Volume Control Damper
The Volume Control Damper is used to control air flow in air duct.
Fire Damper
Fire dampers are passive fire protection products used in (HVAC) ducts to prevent the
spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors.
Back Draft Damper
To let the air moving in one direction only. Install before exhaust fan to prevent the air to
came back again.
Install in case 2 units (1working+1standby) connected with same duct.
Sound Attenuator
A sound attenuator, also known as a duct silencer, sound trap, or muffler, is a special
acoustical treatment of HVAC ductwork designed to reduce transmission of noise through
the ductwork, either from equipment into occupied spaces in a building, or between
occupied spaces.
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Duct System

1) SAD-Supply Air Duct

2) RAD- Return Air Duct

3) FAD- Fresh Air Duct

4) EAD- Exhaust Air Duct

Ducts are classified in terms of velocity and pressure.

Ducts are classified into 3 basic categories:

Rectangular Sizes Gauges of Sheet and Round Diameter

Up to 12” 26 (0.5mm) Up to 12”

13” to 30” 24 (0.6mm) 13” to 30”

31” to 42” 22 (0.8mm) 31” to 40”

43” to 60” 20 (1mm) 41” to 60”

61” in and Over 18 (1.3mm) 61” in and Over

Flexible Duct Connector

Size:-100mm,150mm,200mm,250 etc Size:-150x150-mm,200x200-mm,

Volume Control Damper

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