Competency Based Questions

1.
Acid – base indicators are dyes or mixtures of dyes which are

used to indicate the presence of acids and bases. Examples
are litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange etc. these
indicators tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic by
change in colour. There are some substances whose odour
changes in acidic or basic media. These are called olfactory
indicators. Onion is an example of olfactory indicator. Acidic
nature of a substance is due to the formation of H+ ions in
solution whereas formation of OH- ions in solution is

responsible for basic nature of a substance.
a) What is the colour of phenolphthalein in acidic medium? (
pink, yellow, colourless, blue)
b) Name an olfactory indicator other than onion.
c) What happens to the concentration of H+ ions when an

acidic solution is diluted with water?
d) Can you distinguish between acetic acid and HCl of same
concentration using above mentioned indicators? If not,
what should be used instead?
2. A reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and
water is called neutralization reaction. Nature provides
neutralization options. Nettle plant causes painful stings when
touched. This is due to methanoic acid secreted by them. A
remedy is rubbing this area with the leaf of dock plant which
often grows beside nettle in the wild.
a) Which acid is present in tomato? (lactic acid, methanoic
acid, oxalic acid, citric acid)
b) Under what soil conditions does a farmer treat the soil in
fields with quick lime?
c) If you mix 10 mL NaOH and 10mL HCl of equal strengths,
what will be the pH of the resultant solution? ( =7, >7, <7,
≈7)
3. Water of crystallization is the fixed no. of water

molecules chemically attached to each formula unit of salt in
its crystalline form. There are many salts with water of
crystallization, blue coloured copper sulphate, washing soda,
Plaster of Paris, gypsum are some of the examples. When we
heat these crystals, they become anhydrous and lose some
of its properties.
a) Why is formula of Plaster of Paris written as CaSO 4 ½

H2O?
b) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals loses its colour on

heating to white. Can this be considered a physical or
chemical change? Justify your answer.
c) Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of
Paris and water.
d) What is the chemical name of washing soda?
4. The pH value of any solution is a number which simply
represents the acidity and basicity of that solution. The pH
value of any solution is numerically equal to the logarithm of
the inverse of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.
a) What will be the pH value for distilled water?

b) Using above picture can you predict the colour of pH paper
when dipped in lime juice?
c) Why do we use basic tooth pastes commonly?
5. Salt, in chemistry, substance produced by the reaction of an
acid with a base. A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of
a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid. The different
type of salts are
Type of Type of
Type of Salt Example
Acid Base
Strong Strong
Acids Bases
Neutral NaCl
Examples: Examples:
pH = 7 K2SO4
HCl NaOH
H2SO4 KOH
Type of Type of
Type of Salt Example
Acid Base
Strong
weak Bases
Acids
Acidic Examples: NH4Cl
Examples:
pH < 7 NH4OH Mg(NO3)2
HCl
Mg(OH)2
HNO3
Strong
Weak Acids
Bases Na2CO3
Basic Examples:
Examples:
pH > 7 H2CO3
NaOH CH3COOK
CH3COOH
KOH
i) What will be the nature of magnesium sulphate ?
ii) Give the formula of salt formed by weak acid and weak
base?
iii) From which acid and base is potassium hydrogen
carbonate is formed?
6. Here are some ways neutralisation is used:
 Farmers use lime (calcium oxide) to neutralise acid soils.
 Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid, and too much of this

causes indigestion. Antacid tablets contain bases such as
magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate to neutralise
the extra acid.
 Bee stings are acidic. They can be neutralised using baking
powder, which contains sodium hydrogen carbonate
i) Define neutralisation reaction
ii) How does tooth paste helps in neutralisation
iii) Name the plant whose leaves can be used to relieve

thepainful stings of leaves of nettle
7. When dry crystals of green ferrous sulphate is heated in a dry

test tube water can be seen on the cooler sides of test tube.
Why?
8. Zinc granules were taken in a bottle and dil HCl was added
into it .A balloon covered the mouth of the bottle to collect the
gas. When the end was tied the balloon started floating up in
air. Why? Write the reaction occurring during the formation of
gas. How can we test this gas?
9. Can plaster of Paris be converted to Gypsum and vice versa?
Explain how
10. You are provided with lime water in which few drops of
phenolphthalein is added (forms pink solution) and a straw.
Using this how can you change the solution back to
colourless?

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1.

Acid – base indicators are dyes or mixtures of dyes which are

nature of a substance is due to the formation of H+ ions in

solution whereas formation of OH- ions in solution is

c) What happens to the concentration of H+ ions when an

3. Water of crystallization is the fixed no. of water

a) Why is formula of Plaster of Paris written as CaSO 4 ½

b) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals loses its colour on

a) What will be the pH value for distilled water?

 Farmers use lime (calcium oxide) to neutralise acid soils.

 Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid, and too much of this

i) Define neutralisation reaction

ii) How does tooth paste helps in neutralisation

iii) Name the plant whose leaves can be used to relieve

7. When dry crystals of green ferrous sulphate is heated in a dry

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