GP 10-15 9 July 2008
GP 10-15 9 July 2008
GP 10-15 9 July 2008
GP 10-15
Applicability Group
Date 9 July 2008
GP 10-15
Group Practice
BP GROUP
ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PRACTICES
9 July 2008 GP 10-15
Pore Pressure Prediction
Introduction
All Pore Pressure Prediction activity shall conform to Engineering Technical Practice GP10-15 – Pore
Pressure Prediction.
1. A Single Point of Accountability shall be defined for the preparation of a pore and fracture
gradient prediction for any given well.
2. The prediction of pressure for a BP well shall be prepared by a qualified individual who has been
trained on BP practices and workflows.
3. All individuals preparing pressure predictions for BP wells shall have attended the BP 21st
Century Pore Pressure Principles training course.
4. All individuals preparing pressure predictions for BP wells shall have been trained on the use of
Presgraf.
5. The methods used to predict pressure shall be consistent with the BP pore pressure practices
workflow (Appendix A).
6. Every well operated by BP shall have a pressure profile which shall include pore, sand fracture,
shale fracture, and overburden pressures.
7. The pressure profile shall express the uncertainties associated with the prediction.
8. The pressure profile shall be updated to include all learning’s from offset wells (offset pressure
measurements, kicks, current state of depletion, etc.).
9. A validation review shall be conducted on any prediction subsequent to any major changes in the
profile. The validation review shall have included at least one approved auditor and one qualified
pore pressure expert from outside the asset (can be the same individual). Once the validation
review is completed, the PPFG profile shall be frozen and further changes to the profile shall
require management of change (MOC) process.
10. Software used to prepare pore and fracture pressure predictions shall meet BP safety critical
software standards as defined in Section 12 of the BP Drilling and Well Operations Practice
(BPA-D-001).
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Pore Pressure Prediction
Foreword
This is the first issue of Engineering Technical Practice (ETP) BP GP 10-15 dealing with Pore
Pressure Prediction. This Group Practice (GP) replaces the relevant parts of the Drilling and Well
Operations Policy BPA-D-01.
Description of Risk
The prediction of pore and fracture pressures in wells is considered a zero tolerance activity within BP.
Errors associated with the prediction of pore and fracture pressures could lead to the harm to people,
damage to the environment, and undermine BP’s operational reputation. For these reasons pressure
prediction requires a definition of practices that establish the minimum requirements for performing
pressure prediction.
The purpose of this document is to establish the minimum requirements in the prediction of pore and
fracture pressures in planned wells. These requirements should be met by both employees and
contractors acting on the behalf of BP in planning the design of wells to be operated by BP.
Note: This Practice reflects the balanced judgment of the BP Group and is based on experience
and inputs from a variety of sources. However, it should be recognised that risk can never be
eliminated and, as we learn, the Group may have to adjust the acceptable risk envelope and the
Minimum Requirements of this Practice. This would result in an updated edition of this Practice
being issued by the relevant authority.
This PPP Practice is intended to ensure that there is a formal approach to managing the risks
associated with predicting pore and fracture pressure in BP operated wells, that these risks are
identified, assessed and controlled in a methodical way so that they can be removed or reduced to an
acceptable level.
The primary aim of this Practice is to prevent safety incidents. However, the processes may be
extended to include other aspects of performance.
Who is it for?
• Those involved in the pre-drill prediction of pore and fracture pressure for BP operated wells
• Those directly involved in the selection and management of those employees and contractors
who will conduct pressure prediction on BP wells
In the event of a conflict between this document and a relevant law or regulation, the
relevant law or regulation shall be followed. If the document creates a higher obligation, it
shall be followed as long as this also achieves full compliance with the law or regulation.
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Table of Contents
Page
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Scope .................................................................................................................................... 6
2. Normative references............................................................................................................. 6
3. Terms and definitions............................................................................................................. 7
4. Symbols and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 9
5. Practice Structure ................................................................................................................ 10
5.1. Requirements and Recommendations ...................................................................... 10
5.2. Language.................................................................................................................. 10
5.3. References and Responsibilities ............................................................................... 10
6. Accountability....................................................................................................................... 11
6.1. Minimum Requirements ............................................................................................ 11
6.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 11
7. Competence ........................................................................................................................ 11
7.1. Minimum Requirements ............................................................................................ 11
7.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 11
8. Practices and Procedures .................................................................................................... 11
8.1. Minimum Requirements ............................................................................................ 12
8.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 12
9. Software .............................................................................................................................. 12
9.1. Minimum Requirements ............................................................................................ 12
9.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 12
10. Assurance............................................................................................................................ 12
10.1. Minimum Requirements ............................................................................................ 13
10.2. Recommendations .................................................................................................... 13
Annex A Pore Pressure Prediction Recommended Workflow....................................................... 14
A.1. Analogue methods............................................................................................................... 14
A.2. Seismic methods ................................................................................................................. 15
A.3. Basin modelling methods ..................................................................................................... 15
Annex B PPFG Pre-Drill Prediction Review Terms of Reference ................................................. 16
B.1. Review Team (minimum requirements):............................................................................... 16
B.2. Planning Team Participants: ................................................................................................ 16
B.3. Objectives:........................................................................................................................... 16
B.4. Desired Outcomes ............................................................................................................... 17
Annex C Administration................................................................................................................ 18
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1. Scope
This Practice applies to work on any BP operated well. A BP Company is a company in the BP Group
or other legal entity where BP has operational control, is responsible for HSSE and has the right to
impose these requirements. In situations where BP does not have control (i.e. a joint venture where BP
is not the operator) we should endeavour to confirm that the operator implements processes that meet
the minimum requirements in this document.
Applicability
For the purpose of this Group Practice, the workforce comprises BP employees and every employee of
any other company or other legal entity that has been engaged to perform work on BP-operated
reservoirs or production/injection infrastructure. A BP-operated reservoir for the purposes of this
document includes any site or location used for the injection or extraction of fluids that is owned or
operated by or for a BP Company.
In situations in which BP does not have control (i.e. a joint venture where BP is not the operator) BP
should attempt to persuade the operator to employ practices at least meeting the Minimum
Requirements in this document.
In the event of a conflict between this Group Practice and a relevant law or regulation, the relevant law
or regulation will be followed. If the Group Practice creates a higher obligation, it should be followed
as long as full compliance with the law or regulation is achieved.
Subject to the Group Practice’s intent and subject to existing contractual constraints (to the extent that
they cannot be renegotiated) this Group Practice shall be applied to all contractors and their associated
subcontractors who perform work on BP-operated reservoirs or on behalf of BP and shall be
incorporated in all tenders and contracts.
2. Normative references
The following normative documents contain requirements that, through reference in this text,
constitute requirements of this technical practice. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this
technical practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies.
BP
BPA-D-001 BP Drilling & Well operations Practice
BPA-D-002 BP Well Control Manual Volume 2
http://ppfg.bpweb.bp.com/training.htm Training course materials of the 21st Century Pore
Pressure Principles course
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For the purposes of this GP, the following terms and definitions apply:
Accountable Person
The person in the organization who has ultimate responsibility.
Activities
Specific actions or pursuits.
Assess
To consider and make a judgment upon.
Assurance
A guarantee, giving certainty.
Auditing
A formal or official examination and verification. The audit process should include monitoring,
review, and reporting of the outcome of the audit to those people who can implement any changes
needed.
Authority
Official permission.
A position that has the power to make a judgement; an individual cited or appealed to as an expert.
BP Company
A company in the BP Group, or a company or other legal entity where BP has operational control, is
responsible for HSSE and has the right to impose this Standard.
BP Employee
A person employed by a BP Company.
BP Operations
BP Business Units, projects, facilities sites and operations
BP Premises
Any site, location or marine vessel that is owned or operated by or for a BP Company.
Competency
The ability to perform a task in the correct manner with the correct understanding and reasoning
behind the task.
Competent Person
A person who has demonstrated that they have the knowledge, training and experience required to
perform the defined role to the standard required.
Confirm
To support or establish the certainty or validity of; verify.
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Contractors
A Company or individual who is under a contractual relationship to supply BP plc or one of its
subsidiary companies with Goods and Services and is working solely for the benefit of BP.
• All situations where a contract has not been raised but BP’s procurement policy would
normally expect there to be a contract in place. This applies to all levels including sub-
contracted relationships.
Note: For the purposes of HSSE reporting any sub-contractor should be treated as if they held a
contract directly with BP plc or one of its subsidiary companies.
Control
a) A mechanism used to regulate a physical process or activity.
Eliminate
To remove or get rid of.
Formal
A formal process or agreement is one that is written, recorded and audited. It may also include
tracking to confirm that work is following the process or agreement.
Minimum Requirements
The activities, tasks or deliverables that shall be completed to comply with this Practice.
Monitoring
The routine function of regular inspection carried out by a responsible and competent person.
Operational Control
Where BP has responsibility for the activity as owner or under a contractual obligation with the
owners of the entity and, as a consequence, has appropriate authority to manage directly all HSSE
aspects of the operational activities to meet BP policy and expectations.
Plan
The function of task (work) identification, interaction and sequencing including, preparation and
completion requirements, to achieve an outcome.
Policy
Plan of action pursued by the Company (BP) with which all personnel shall comply.
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Procedure
A detailed document either in paper or electronic form which sets out sequential or parallel actions
which shall be followed by those engaged in carrying out an activity.
Process
A detailed description of a management system or a production operation.
Risk
Possibility of loss, injury, damage, or exposure to hazard or danger.
Risk Assessment
The process of hazard identification and the assessment of the potential for identified hazards to be
realised in any given activity.
Roles
The documented description of personnel functions within a management structure.
Routine
A procedure that does not vary in its execution.
Training
The bringing of a person to a desired degree of proficiency in some activity or skill. Training should
only be carried out by people who have been assessed as being competent to train.
Task
An activity in support of a piece of work.
Work
An activity made up of a number of different tasks.
Workflow
An activity made up of a sequence of different tasks designed to deliver a desired outcome.
Workforce
BP employees and every employee of any other company (includes all contractors) or other legal
entity that has been engaged to perform work on BP Premises.
For the purpose of this GP, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
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5. Practice Structure
5.2. Language
”Shall” and “Should”
Throughout this document the following language is used:
• “Shall” is used where a provision is a Minimum Requirement of the Practice and is
mandatory.
• “Should” is used where a provision is a Recommendation or is used to identify a
preferred option.
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6. Accountability
Intent
BP Executives, Managers and Supervisors shall actively participate in and recognize that effective
technical management of this zero tolerance activity is critical to our business success. Clearly
identifying the roles, responsibilities, and competencies for both BP employees and contractors and
holding them accountable for desired behaviors and performance is essential to effective pore pressure
prediction.
6.2. Recommendations
a. The Segment Engineering Technical Authority should be consulted by the Single Point of
Accountability (SPA) for clarification of pore pressure prediction recommended practices
as required.
7. Competence
Intent
To ensure that those individuals preparing pressure predictions have the necessary experience,
capability and knowledge to undertake the work in a manner that meets BP’s expectations.
7.2. Recommendations
a. Individuals preparing pressure predictions should participate in PPFG community of
practice (CoP) activities to maximize knowledge shared with other parts of the
organization.
• Be a member of the PPFG email distribution list
• Attend PPFG CoP meetings.
Intent
To ensure that practices and procedures used by pressure prediction practitioners meet all relevant
technical requirements and are kept up-to-date and accessible.
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8.2. Recommendations
a. Inconsistencies with BP pore pressure practices should be recorded in a peer review
summary.
b. Pressure uncertainties can be expresses as either multiple curves or as a written dialog.
c. The pore pressure assessment tool should be used to identify appropriate methods to be
used in predicting pressure (basin modelling, seismic, and/or analogues).
d. In areas where well density is sufficient and pore and fracture gradients are well
understood from location to location, a generic pressure profile may be used. Wells drilled
to greater depths or on the flanks of these fields should require an explicit pressure
prediction
9. Software
Intent
To assure that software used to prepare predictions meets BP specifications, design, programme
changes, fault tracking, documentation, implementation, testing, and acceptance requirements.
9.2. Recommendations
a. Approval of the Segment Engineering Technical Authority and the relevant applications
domain expert shall be obtained in establishing that used software meets BP safety critical
standards.
b. Currently, pressure prediction software which has been confirmed to meet BP safety
critical standards are:
• Landmark version of Presgraf
• Temispack basin modelling
10. Assurance
Intent
To insure BP recommended practices are utilized in preparing a pressure prediction and to share
lesson’s learned in a rapid and timely manner.
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10.2. Recommendations
a. The validation review should follow the “PPFG Pre-Drill Prediction Validation Review
Terms of Reference” and resulting high risk concerns should be articulated in the
validation review summary (Appendix B).
b. Qualified auditors should be posted at the PPFG website:
http://ppfg.bpweb.bp.com
c. When possible, the SPA for delivery of the Pore Pressure Detection should participate in
the Validation Review of the Pore Pressure Prediction
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Annex A
Overall…
Run the Pore Pressure Assessment Tool to identify appropriate method(s) to use to conduct a pressure
prediction. This should be done as a subsurface team effort to insure all knowledge is brought to bear
on the results.
If one method gives a very high score, then it may only be necessary to do the one method.
If several methods give intermediate values, then consider doing both or all methods and using the
differences to characterize the uncertainty.
If all methods give low values, then determine if any of the methods can provide results that are
meaningful. Hold a peer assist to identify the best approaches to use.
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• Generate an interval velocity model from properly imaged seismic velocities specifically
generated for pressure purposes and checked by a seismic processing QC specialist.
• Correct seismic velocities for “anisotropy effects” based upon nearby calibration so that
interval velocities are consistent with time depth conversions.
• Build an overburden curve using acoustic to density transforms that have been calibrated in
analogue wells, and, if required, modelled density data.
• Convert the calibrated seismic interval velocities to pressure using a preferred BP calibrated
compaction trend.
• Calculate a sand fracture gradient curve using the overburden and most likely pressure
curves and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.33.
• Calculate a shale fracture gradient curve using the BP Deepwater relationship (Brumfield).
If an alternative fracture gradient to Brumfield is required document the justification and
reconcile its impact upon total stress in calculating pressures.
• If tectonic stress or surface erosion is present, use mean stress relationships for Dt based
pressure and fracture gradient analysis and calibrate tectonic stress magnitudes to known
leak-off values in shale.
• Use “centroid” techniques to determine the potential for the presence and magnitude of
structural effects. If necessary, run basin models to calibrate the magnitude of these effects.
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Annex B
B.3. Objectives:
The primary objective of the review is to determine if the prediction is appropriate for proceeding
with well execution and that the methods used meet the Engineering Technical Practice on Pore
Pressure Prediction (GP 10-15). As a minimum the Validation Review Team should answer the
following questions:
1. Have the appropriate analog wells been identified and used?
2. Were the analogs properly analyzed to determine or constrain pore and fracture pressures in
sands and shale?
3. Were the appropriate methods used to project offset pressures to the proposed well location?
4. Were the analogs properly used to calibrate seismic velocities and/or basin models at the
proposed location (consistent with BP approved workflows)?
5. Have deviations from approved workflows been properly defended (compaction trends for
sonic and resistivity, fracture relationships, porosity-effective stress and porosity-
permeability relationships for basin models)?
6. Have uncertainties with pore and fracture pressure prediction been properly described?
7. Should any additional work be mandatory before proceeding with execution?
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Annex C
Administration
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