Nagarik Niyamawali 2056

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k|of]u u/L g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fn] b]xfosf lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b—!
k|f/lDes
!=! ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeMM -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] gfd, æg]kfn gful/s
p•og k|lws/0f, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)%^Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
!=@ kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+uNf]] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdfM
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfNf] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f P]g,
@)%# ;Demg' k5{ .
h
-v_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfNf] ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p•og
dGqfno ;Demg' kb{5 .
-u_ æk|wfg sfof{noÆ eGgfNf]] sf7df08f} l:yt k|flws/0fsf]
k|wfg sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfNf] cg';"rL–! df tf]lsPsf]
kbflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfNf] cg';"rL–@ df tf]lsPsf]
kbflwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æclVtof/jfnfÆ eGgfNf]] lgod $=! adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug{
;Sg] clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfNf] k|flws/0fsf sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
h-h_ æ;]jfÆ eGgfNf] lgod @=@ adf]lhd u7g ePsf]
k|flws/0fsf] g]kfn gful/s p8\8og ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ ækbÆ eGgfNf] ;]jfsf] s'g} kb ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ æ:yfoL kbÆ eGgfNf]] Dofb gtf]lsPsf] kb ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ æljz]if1 kbÆ eGgfn] ljz]if k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo /
pQ/bfloTj ePsf] ljz]if of]Uotf rflxg]] kb ;Demg' k5{ .
h klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
1
h
-7_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfNf]] ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] AolQm ;Demg'
k5{ .
-8_ ætxÆ eGgfNf]] o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd Aoj:yf ul/Psf]
;]jfdf /xg] kbsf] >[ª\vnf ;Demg' k5{ .
i
-9_ ækl/jf/Æ eGgfNf]] sd{rf/Lsf] Psf3/sf lgh cfk}mNf]] kfng
kf]if0f ug{'kg]{ klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{k'q,
cljjflxtf wd{k'qL, afj', cfdf / ;f}t]gL cfdf ;Demg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbNf] k'?if / cljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
lghsf] afh], aHo} tyf ljjflxtf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
lghsf] ;f;", ;;'/f / ;f}t]gL ;f;" ;d]tnfO{ hgfp+5 .
-0f_ æd]l8sn jf]8{Æ eGgfNf]] ;ldltNf] u7g u/]sf] æPlePzg
d]l8sn af]8{Æ jf dfGotf lbPsf] ælrlsT;sx?sf] af]8{Æ
;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ ætnjÆ eGgfNf] sd{rf/LNf]] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] kb jf tx
cg';f/ kfpg] dfl;s kfl/>lds ;Demg'k5{ .
\
-y_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfN]f P]gsf] bkmf!#adf]lhd ul7t ;+rfns
;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
D
-b_ æ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{
ePsf] sDkgL, kmd{ jf ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
T
-w_ æ:yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltÆ eGgfn] ljb]zL d'n'sn] s'g}
zt{ tf]sL jf gtf]sL ;f] d'n'sdf :yfoL ?kn] a;f]af;
ug{ kfpg] u/L g]kfnL gful/snfO{ pknJw u/fPsf]
8fOe/l;6L Oldu|]G6 le;f -l8=eL=_, k/dfg]G6 /]lh8]G6
le;f -lk=cf/_ jf lu|g sf8{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn]
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ljb]zdf :yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ug{

i
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
\
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
D
bzf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
T
;f]x|f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
2
lbOPsf] h'g;'s} gfdsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
:
-g_ æcfof]uÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$#
adf]lhdsf] nf]s ;]jf cfof]u ;Demg' k5{ .
:
-k_ æ;fdfGo l;4fGtÆ eGgfn] cfof]uåf/f hf/L ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DjGwL sfg"g, a9'jf /
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;DjGwL ;fdfGo l;4fGt @)&$ ;Demg'
k5{ .
h
!=# o; lgodfjnLsf] JoofVofM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} clwsf/LNf]] o;
lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgod k|of]u ubf{ u/]sf] AofVof s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{
lrQ gj'em]df jf dsf{ k/]df lghNf] dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgdf dxflgb]{zsNf]
u/]sf] AofVof lrQ gj'emL jf dsf{ k/L s;}n] k'g/fj]bg
lbPdf ;ldltNf]] 5fgljg u/L JofVof ;lxt lg0f{o lbg
;Sg]5 / o:tf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
:
c7f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
3
kl/R5]b —@
;+u7g tyf ;]jfsf] u7g
h
@=! k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfM k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf
tyf b/aGbL ;ldltNf] :jLs[t u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
h
@=@ ;]jfsf] u7gM -!_ k|flws/0fdf æg]kfn gful/s p•og ;]jfÆ gfds
Ps ;]jfsf] u7g ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;]jfx?
/xg]5g\ M
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jf
-v_ k|fljlws ;]jf
i
@=# ;d"x tyf pk— —;d"xM -!_ lgod @=@ adf]lhd ;]jfdf /xg] ;d"x
tyf pk—;d"xx? cg';"rL—# adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
j
-@_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 k|fljlws ;]jf ljljw
;d"xdf /x]sf kbx¿, ;jf/L rfns / sfof{no ;xof]uL
kbx¿df :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g . o:tf kbx¿sf]
hgzlQm ;]jfk|bfoL ;F:yf dfk{mt cfk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
@=$ :t/ Pj+ tx ljefhgM— -!_ ;]jfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf :t/x?
/xg]5g\M
-s_ clws[t :t/
-v_ ;xfos :t/
:
u_ ;xof]uL :t/
)
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfdf /xg] tx / :t/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5g\M—
hklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

ibf]>f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
jkfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
:
c7f/f}+ ;+zf]wåf/f yk .
)
c7f/f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
4
-s_clws[t :t/ -v_ ;xfos :t/ -u_ ;xof]uL :t/
-txljxLg_
-!_ afx|f}+ tx -!_ kfFrf}+ tx -!_ k~rd :t/
-@_ P3f/f}+ tx -@_ rf}yf] tx -@_ rt'y{ :t/
-#_ bzf}+ tx -#_ t[tLo :t/
-$_ gjf}+ tx -$_ låtLo :t/
-%_ cf7f}+ tx -%_ k|yd :t/
-^_ ;ftf}+ tx
-&_ 5}7f}+ tx
@=% ;]jfdf /xg] kbx?M

-!_ ;]jfsf ljleGg txdf k|zf;lgs tyf k|fljlws kbx?
/xg]5g\ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfsf] ljleGg txdf /xg] ljleGg
kbsf kb gfdx? cg';"rL—$ df pNNf]]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@=^ sfo{ ljj/0f jgfpg] / tf]Sg]M;]jfsf] ljleGg kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f
cg';"rL—% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf sfof{no÷ljefuLo k|d'vNf] tof/
ug]{5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf] sfo{ ljj/0f dxflgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t
u/fO{ nfu" ul/g]5 .

@=^s========
)
@=& ;]jf ;d"x jf pk––;d"x kl/jt{gM -!_ k|flws/0fnfO{ cfjZos
ePdf ;ldltn] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;]jfsf] Ps ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{ ;]jfdf jf ;f]xL ;]jfsf] csf]{ ;d"x jf pk;d"x
cGtu{tsf] ;dfg txsf] kbdf sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{g'ej /
sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnO{ ;]jf ;d"x jf
pk;d"x kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5M–

kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h
)
5
-s_ kl/jt{g x'g] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] kbsf] lgldQ
cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu cg';"rL–^ df
tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf tfnLd k|fKt ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-v_ o;/L ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x kl/jt{g ubf{ sd{rf/Lsf]
xfn axfn /x]sf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"xsf] ;dfg txsf]
kbdf ! jif{sf] sfo{cg'ej ;lxt & jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw
k"/f ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw e/df Ps k6s eGbf
j9L ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
6
kl/R5]b—#
kbk"lt{
#=! kb ;[hgf M-!_;ldltNf] ;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos kb ;[hgf ug]{5 .
-@_ ;]jfsf] nflu gofF kb ;[hgf ug{ cfjZos k/]df
;DjlGwt ljefun] sfo{ af]em / sfo{ ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v
u/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefu / cfly{s k|zf;g ljefu;+u
;d]t ;dGjo u/L dxflgb]{zs ;dIf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd gofF kb ;[hgfsf] nflu cg'/f]w x'g
cfPdf dxflgb]{zsn] ;DjlGwt zfvfsf] sfo{ af]em / kg{
cfpg] cfly{s bfloTj ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L kb ;[hgf
ug'{kg]{ b]v]df cfˆgf] l;kmfl/z ;ldltdf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltNf] s'g} gofF kb ;[hgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]df sd{rf/L
k|zf;g ljefuNf]] To:tf] kbsf] ;]jf, ;d"x pk;d"x tyf
tx ;d]t v'nfO{ b/jGbL lstfjdf kb btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;ldltNf] ;do ;dodf k'g/fjnf]]sg u/L kbx? yk36
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k
-^_ P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf]
;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L k|flws/0fsf] dxflgb]{zs
kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lgh jxfn /x]sf] kbsf] kbflwsf/
:jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 / lghsf] kbflwsf/ k'n b/jGbLdf
:yfgfGt/0f x'g]5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu lghsf] tx
cg';f/sf] kb k"n b/jGbLdf :jtM l;h{gf ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
k-&_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/L dxflgb]{zs
kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ jxfn /x+bf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghnfO{
P]gsf] bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;f] kbaf6
x6fPdf lghsf] kbflwsf/ pklgod -^_ adf]lhd l;h{gf
ePsf] k'n b/jGbLsf] kbdf :yfgfGt/0f x'g]5 .
k
kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
7
#=@ ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{M )-!_o; lgodsf] pklgod -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL
;]jfsf] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf kbx? b]xfo jdf]lhdsf tl/sfaf6 k"lt{
ul/g]5 –
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jf tk{mM
:t// tx v'Nnf a9'jf
k|ltof]lutfåf/f cfGtl/s sfo{
k|ltof]lutfåf/f Ifdtfsf]
d"Nof+sgsf]
cfwf/df
rf}yf] !))Ü – –
;xfos
kfFrf}+ &)Ü – #)Ü
5}7f}+ &)Ü !)Ü @)Ü
;ftf}+ – #)Ü &)Ü
cf7f}+ !)Ü @)Ü &)Ü
clws[t gaf}+ !)Ü @)Ü &)Ü
bzf}+ / – @)Ü *)Ü
P3f/f}+
afxf}+ – – !))Ü
;]jf÷;d"xLs[t gx'g] jf ldl>t ;]jf ;d"x
b'j}:t/ !))Ü
ePsf ;a} txsf kbx?
-v_ k|fljlws ;]jf tk{mM

:t/ tx v'Nnf a9'jf
k|ltof]lutfåf/f cfGtl/s sfo{
k|ltof]lutfåf/f Ifdtfsf]
d"Nof+sgsf]
cfwf/df
;xfos rf}yf] ()Ü – !)Ü
)
8
kfFrf}+ &)Ü – #)Ü
5}7f}+ – #)Ü &)Ü
;ftf}+ &)Ü !)Ü @)Ü
cf7f}+ !)Ü @)Ü &)Ü
clws[t gaf}+ !)Ü @)Ü &)Ü
bzf}+ / – @)Ü *)Ü
P3f/f}+
afxf}+ – – !))Ü
;]jf÷;d"xLs[t gx'g] jf ldl>t ;]jf
b'j}:t/ !))Ü
;d"x ePsf ;a} txsf kbx?
-!s_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt k|fljlws ;]jfsf] bf]>f]
tx / t]>f] txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? / k|zf;g ;]jfsf]
klxnf] tx, bf]>f] tx / t];|f] txdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cg';"rL–%s jdf]lhd :t/ j[l4 ul/g]5 .
t/ lgod ^=$ df pNn]lvt cjlwe/ :t/ j[l4 ul/g]
5}g .
-!v_ ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] tNnf] txsf] kbdf
s'g} sd{rf/L sfo{/t g/x]sf] cj:yfdf l/Qm /x]sf ;a}
kbx? v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!u_ k|fljlws ;]jfsf] t]>f] txaf6 :t/df ?kfGt/0f ePsf
sd{rf/L cfjZos ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf]
ePdf k|fljlws ;]jf rf}yf] txsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df
x'g] a9'jfsf nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5 .
k
-@_ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ ug]{ egL pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb dWo]af6 k}+tfnL; k|ltzt kb
b]xfosf ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/x¿ dfq ;dfj]z x'g kfpg]
u/L v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5M–
-s_ dlxnf – t]QL; k|ltzt
-v_ cflbjf;L÷hghflt – ;QfO{; k|ltzt
k
9
-u_ dw]zL – afO{; k|ltzt
-3_ blnt – gf} k|ltzt
-ª_ ckfË – kfFr k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q – rf/ k|ltzt
:ki6Ls/0fMM
)
-!_ o; pklgodsf] v08-s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu “dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L / blnt” eGgfn] cfly{s / ;fdflhs
?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L / blnt ;Demg'k5{ . cfly{s / ;fdflhs
?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt,
dw];L / blnt ;d'bfosf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n]
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 . To;/L gtf]s];Dd ;j} dlxnf,
cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blntnfO{ cfly{s /
;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf,
cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L / blnt ;d'bfo
dflgg]5 .
-@_ o; pklgodsf] v08 -r_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu
ælk5l8Psf] If]qÆ eGgfn] c5fd, sflnsf]6,
hfh/sf]6, h'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, aemfË, afh'/f, d'u' /
x'Dnf lhNnf ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd
lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf]
sfdsf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhdsf ckfËx¿ aLr
dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds
k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps
k|ltzteGbf sd 3ftfÍ -k|mofSzg_ cfPdf
)
10
To:tf] 3ftfÍ h'g ;d"xsf] xsdf 3ftfÍ cfPsf]
xf] ;f]eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] ;d"xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5'§fO{Psf] kbdf h'g jif{sf]
nflu lj1fkg ePsf] xf] ;f] jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf
pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb
csf]{ jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L
lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g
g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f
k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-^_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]
k|ltztåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf k|To]s bz jif{df
k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt adf]lhd kb
;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} ljjfb cfPdf kbk"lt{
;ldltsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-*_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfo{ jf kbsf nflu
dlxnfn] dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L ;ldltn]
lg0f{o u/L kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ k|flws/0f ;]jfsf] kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf /
ljz]if1 kbx?sf] k"lt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf o;}
lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
)
#=@--s_ kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ug]{ Joj:yfM kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ubf{ lj1fkg
x'g] cfly{s aif{sf] cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd l/Qm x'g cfpg] kbx?sf]
ljj/0f k|zf;g ljefun] kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . kbk"lt{
;ldltn] ;f] adf]lhd s"n l/Qm kbx?sf] k|ltzt lgwf{ /0f u/L
cfof]usf] aflif{s sfo{tflnsf adf]lhd x'g] u/L ;xdltsf nflu
cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
)
11
#=## kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] u7gM )-!_ lgod #=@ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf] kbdf v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds
k/LIff, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff jf sfo{Ifdtfsf]] cfwf/df
a9'jfåf/f pko'Qm pDd]bjf/sf] 5gf}6 u/L lgo'lQmsf] nflu
clVtof/jfnf ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldlt
/xg]5 M–
-s_ dxflgb]{zs –cWoIf
-v_ cfof]usf] k|ltlglw -/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL_
Ps hgf –;b:o
-u_ dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw -/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL_
Ps hgf –;b:o
-3_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kbk"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt
dfgj ;+zfwg lj1 Ps hgf –;b:o
-ª_ k|flws/0fsf] k|zf;g ljefu k|d'v –;b:o ;lrj
)
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ /x]sf] sd{rf/L ;f] kbsf]
kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf /xg] 5}g .
)
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k"lt{ ul/g] kb
eGbf tNnf] txsf] clws[tn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
‡
-$_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cGtjf{tf{ lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo
jdf]lhdsf] Ps cGtjf{tf{ ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . pQm
cGt/jftf{ ;ldltdf lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sfzg ug]{
sfddf ;+nUg s'g} klg kbflwsf/L /xg] 5}gg\ .
-s_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] pk–dxflgb]{zs jf ;f]
:t/sf] sd{rf/L –cWoIf
-v_ k|ltlglw nf]s ;]jf cfof]u –;b:o
-u_ k|ltlglw dGqfno –;b:o
)
‡
kGw|f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
12
-3_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;DjlGwt ljifosf] lj1
–;b:o
-ª_ k|ltlglw, k|zf;g ljefu –;b:o ;lrj
-%_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] j}7s;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ljlw P]g,
lgodsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] j}7s cfjZostfg';f/ j:g]5 .
-&_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] j}7s eQf ;ldltNf]] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
D
-*_ tx !) jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] kbk"lt{ ug]{ ;DjGwdf u7g
x'g] kbk"lt{ ;ldlt / cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltdf k|ltlglw
;b:osf] ?kdf lghfdlt ;]jfsf kbflwsf/L pkl:yt x'g]
ePdf ;x;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] sd{rf/L eGbf d'gLsf]
sd{rf/L ;b:o x'g]5}g .
)
#=$
$ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M— —-!_ o; lgodfjnLdf
cGoq pNn]lvt sfd / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf]
sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf] kbk"lt{ ug{ lnOg]
k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd cfof]u;Fu ;dGjo u/L
lgwf{/0f ug]{,
-v_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf l/Qm /x]sf kbsf] ljj/0f
;+sng u/L To:tf kbk"lt{sf] nflu v'nf
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds
k/LIff / sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf]
nflu k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug]{,
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ePsf] kbsf]
nflu lj1fkg k|sfzg ug{ ;xdltsf nflu
cfof]un] tf]s]sf] sfo{tflnsfsf] Dofb leq
D
kGw|f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
)
13
cfof]udf cg'/f]w u/L k7fpg] / ;xdlt k|fKt
ePkl5 ;f] cg';f/ lj1fkg k|sfzg ug]{,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd lj1fkg k|sfzg ePkl5
b/vf:t ;+sng u/L of]Uotf k'u]sf
pDd]bjf/x?sf] gfdfjnL tyf cGo ljj/0f ;lxt
cfGtl/s tyf v'nf lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfngsf]
nflu k|flws/0f dfkm{t cfof]udf cg'/f]w u/L
k7fpg],
-ª_ cfof]uaf6 lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|fKt ePkl5
tTsfn cGtjf{tf{ / k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g] kbsf]
nflu ;f]sf] ldlt ;dfj]z u/L k|sfzg ug]{,
-r_ v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] k|of]ufTds k/LIff
x'g]df k|of]ufTds k/LIff tyf cGtjf{tf{ lng],
-5_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] cÍ, k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g]df
lnlvt k/LIff / k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] cÍ /
cGtjf{tf{ ;d]tsf] cÍ hf]8L s"n cÍsf cfwf/df
of]Uotfqmd tof/ ug]{ / of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df
lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-h_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfåf/f k"lt{ ug{'kg]{
kbsf nflu ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;f] adf]lhd kg{
cfPsf b/vf:t pk/ 5fgljg u/L ;DefJo
pDd]bjf/sf] d"NofÍg u/L of]Uotfqmd cg';f/
kbk"lt{ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
-@_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] glhssf] gft]bf/
;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf pDd]bjf/ ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf]
cWoIf jf ;b:on] pQm kbsf] k/LIffsf nflu k|Zgkq
tof/ ug{, pQ/ k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ug{ / cGtjf{tf{ lng]
sfo{df efu lng] 5}g .
-#_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfo{ k|zf;g ljefun]
ug]5{ .
14
#=% lgo'lQmsf] nflu Go"gtd of]UotfM -!_ ;]jfsf] ljleGg txsf
kbx?sf] nflu lgo'lQm x'g cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf
cg';"rL–^ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
)
#=^^ pDd]bjf/ x'gsf] nflu cof]UotfMM— -!_ b]xfosf] JolQm k|flws/0fsf]
;]jfsf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g cof]Uo dflgg]5 M–
-s_ cg';"rL–^ df tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf gePsf] .
-v_ clws[t txsf] kbsf] nflu PSsfO; jif{ /
;xfos txsf] kbsf] nflu c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f
gePsf],
-u_ k'?if pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf k}+tL; jif{ / dlxnf tyf
ckfËtf ePsf pDd]bjf/x?sf] xsdf rfnL; jif{
pd]/ gf3]sf],
-3_ cf7f}+ tx / ;f] eGbf dflysf kbsf] xsdf rfnL;
aif{ gf3]sf],
-ª_ ljz]if1 kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQmsf nflu k}tL; jif{
pd]/ gk'u]sf] jf krf; jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf],
-r_ ;]jf lgj[Q k|x/L / ;]jf lgj[Q g]kfnL ;]gf
dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ul/g] ;'/IffsdL{x?sf] xsdf
k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf],
-5_ eljiodf ;/sf/L jf ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf]
;+:yf jf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo
7xl/g] u/L jvf{:t ePsf],
-h_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s,
-em_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf
cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf],
-`_ ljb]zL :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] jf ;f]sf]
nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] .
)
15
-@_ clws[t cf7f} tx jf ;f] eGbf dflysf kbdf v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfsf nflu cg';"rL–^ df tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs
of]Uotfsf ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jf, ;/sf/L
;]jf jf ljZjljBfno jf lzIfs ;]jf jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf]
clws[t:t/sf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr aif{ ;]jf u/]sf] cg'ej
x'g' kg]{5 . t/ ljBfjfl/lw pkflw xfl;n u/]sf]
pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf ;f] cg'ejdf b'O{ aif{ sd eP klg
pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5 .
)
#=&& k|ltof]lutfssf] lsll;d / 5gf}6 M-!_ k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f
k|flws/0fsf] l/Qm kbk"lt{sf nflu lnlvt k/LIff ;lxt b]xfosf]
tl/sf ckgfpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff -k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g] egL
pNn]v ePsf kbx¿sf] nflu dfq_
-v_ cGtjf{tf{, /
-u_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo tl/sf .
-@_ v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff
cfof]uaf6 ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-#_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff lng'kg]{ kbdf cGtjf{tf{ lng'cl3
k|of]ufTds k/LIff / k|:t'tLs/0f x'g]df cGtjf{tf{ cl3
k|:t'tLs/0f k/LIff lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ lnlvt jf k|of]ufTds k/LIff plQ0f{ u/L k|fKt u/]sf]
k|fKtfÍ tyf k|:t'tLs/0f x'g]df ;f] / cGtjf{tf{df k|fKt
u/]sf] k|fKtfÍ ;d]tsf] cfwf/df of]Uotfqmd k|sflzt
ug{'kg]{5 .
-%_ k|flws/0fdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L lnlvt k/LIffdf ;dfg
txaf6 ;dfg txsf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
)
#=** lj1fkg k|sfzg M -!_ v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfåf/f
kbk"lt{sf nflu b/vf:t k]z ug{ PSsfO{; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{
/fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf lj1fkg k|sfzg ug{'kg]{5 . o:tf]
)
16
lj1fkg tyf ;DalGwt kf7\oqmd k|flws/0fsf] j]a;fO6df ;d]t
k|sfzg ug{'kg]{5 .
-@_ kbk"lt{sf] nflu lj1fkg k|sfzg ubf{ b]xfosf ljj/0fx?
v'nfpg'kg]{5 M–
-s_ l/Qm kb ;+Vof / tx,
-v_ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf, tfnLd / cg'ej,
-u_ k/LIff b:t'/,
-3_ kmf/fd a'emfpg] Dofb, :yfg, k/LIffsf] tl/sf /
k/LIffsf] dfWod,
-ª_ b/vf:t kmf/fd a'emfpg] clGtd Dofbdf
cfjZos kg]{ pd]/sf] xb,
-r_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] ;DjlGwt
Jofj;flos kl/ifbdf btf{ jf cBfjlws jf
gjLs/0f cfjZos x'g]df ;f] Joxf]/f,
-5_ kf7\oqmd ;DjGwL hfgsf/L,
-h_ ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] k|df0fkq,
-em_ a9'jfsf] xsdf a9'jfsf] lsl;d, tl/sf, a9'jf
x'g] kbx?sf] ljj/0f, a9'jf ul/g] kbsf] nflu
cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw / of]Uotf .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf nflu lj1fkg
ubf{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbg leq bf]Aa/ b:t'/
a'emfO{ b/vf:t lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] PSsfO{; lbgsf] Dofb
;lsP kl5 k|fKt x'g] z}lIfs of]Uotf, ;dfj]zLsf]
k|df0fkq, kl/ifb\ btf{ k|df0fkq, tfnLd, cg'ej / ;]jf
cjlw dfGo x'g] 5}g .
-%_ lj1fkg ubf{ v'nf, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf / sfo{Ifdtfsf]
d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf] Ps} k6s ug{' kg]{5 .
17
D
#=**-s_ Sofn]08/ agfO{ nfu" ug'{kg]{M k|zf;g ljefuaf6 v'nf tyf
a9'jfåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ ;DjGwdf jflif{s Sofn]08/ tof/ u/L kbk"lt{
;ldltaf6 :jLs[lt u/fO{ nfu" ug'{kg]{5 .
#=( b/vf:t kmf/fdsf] 9fFrfM lgod #=* adf]lhd k|sflzt lj1fkgdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g rfxg] JolQmn] cg';"rL & df tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf b'O{
k|lt b/vf:t kmf/fd e/L a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
:
#=((-s_p
pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/sf] lgwf{/0f M-!_ pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/ b]xfo
adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 M–
-s_ P;=O{=O{=jf ;f] ;/xsf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt
hGdlbgaf6 x'g cfpg] pd]/,
-v_ P;=O{=O{=jf ;f] ;/x eGbf tNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
cfjZos kg]{ kbx?sf] nflu ;]jfdf k|j]z ug{'
cl3 gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf n]lvPsf] hGd
ldltaf6 x'g cfpg] pd]/ .
-@_ lgod -!_ df plNnlvt z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqdf
sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ pNn]v gePsf] cj:yfdf gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt ldltaf6 pd]/ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
z}lIfs of]Uotf / gful/stf k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt ldltdf
leGgtf b]lvPdf h'g k|df0fkqaf6 cl3Nnf] hGdldlt
sfod x'G5 ;f]xL cg';f/ x'g cfpg] pd]/ sfod x'g]5 .
-#_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pd]/sf] u0fgf ubf{ h'g
kbsf] lgldQ b/vf:t lbg] xf] ;f] b/vf:t lbg] clGtd
ldltdf k'Ug] pd]/sf] cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .
:
#=((-v_ b/vf:t pk/ 5fglag ug]{M -!_ v'nf k|ltof]lutfTds
k/LIffsf] nflu k|sflzt lj1fkg adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf b/vf:tx¿
pk/ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] k|flws/0fsf] clws[tn] b]xfo
adf]lhd 5fglag ug{' kg]{5 M–
D
:
18
-s_ pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fddf lj1fkg gDa/,
kb, ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x, >]0fL÷tx, gfd, y/,
7]ufgf / hGd ldlt v'nfPsf] 5, 5}g,
-v_ lj1fkgdf tf]lsP adf]lhd pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/
k'u]sf] jf gf3]sf] 5, 5}g,
-u_ b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf]
5, 5}g,
t/ lj1fkgdf plNnlvt z}lIfs of]Uotf
geO{ ;f]xL ljifosf] dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotf /x]5
eg] ;f] of]UotfnfO{ g} Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf
k'u]sf] dflgg]5 .
-3_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf]
ljj/0f 5, 5}g,
-ª_ b/vf:t;fy ;+nUg z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq
hf/L ug]{ lzIf0f ;+:yf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfleq k5{, kb}{g,
-r_ ;dsIftf / ;Dj4tf lgwf{/0f ug{'kg]{ z}lIfs
k|df0fkqsf] ;dsIftf / ;Dj4tf lgwf{/0f ePsf]
5, 5}g,
-5_ tflnd jf cg'ej rflxg]df ;f]sf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|ltlnlk ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
-h_ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg
5, 5}}g,
-em_ b/vf:t kmf/fddf xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f]
6fFl;Psf] 5, 5}g / pDd]bjf/n] kmf]6f] ;d]tdf kg]{
u/L b:tvt u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-`_ b/vf:t;fy lj1fkgdf plNnlvt k/LIff b:t'/
bflvn u/]sf] /l;b jf ef}r/ ;+nUg u/]sf] 5,
5}g,
-6_ b/vf:t;fy ;DalGwt sfuhftx¿sf] Ps Ps
k|lt k|ltlnlk ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
19
-7_ b/vf:tdf pDd]bjf/n] b:tvt tyf NofKr]
;xL5fk u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-8_ Jofj;flos kl/ifbdf btf{ x'g'kg]{ kbsf]
pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt Jofj;flos
kl/ifbdf btf{ ePsf] jf btf{ gjLs/0f ul/Psf]
5, 5}g,
-9_ ;dfj]zL tkm{sf] b/vf:t a'emfpg] pDd]bjf/n]
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|df0f k]z u/]sf] 5, 5}g .
-@_ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍgaf6 x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/
kg{ cfPsf b/vf:t kmf/fdx¿ pk/ b]xfo adf]lhd ;d] t
5fglag ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lj1fkg ePsf] kb;+u ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x tyf
pk;d"xsf] Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf tf]lsP adf]lhd
Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] 5, 5}g / ;f] sf]
k|df0f k]z u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-v_ b/vf:t kmf/fddf lglb{i6 ul/Psf] :yfgdf
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v
/Ltk"j{s k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5, 5}g .
-#_ b/vf:t 5fglag ubf{ k]z u/]sf] k|df0fkq jf ljj/0f
;DaGwdf låljwf ePdf To:tf] b/vf:t ;DaGwdf låljwf
k/]sf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ kbk"lt{ ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljifosf ;DaGwdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1 jf bIfsf] /fo lnO{ kbk"lt{
;ldltn] cfjZos lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:
#=(--u_ b/vf:t :jLs[t ug]{M -!_ b/vf:t 5fglag ubf{ /Lt k'u]sf] /
;"rgfdf plNnlvt cGo zt{x¿ k"/f ePsf] b]lvPdf kbk"lt{
;ldltn] tf]s]sf] k|flws/0fsf] clws[tn] To:tf] b/vf:t :jLs[t
ug{' kg]{5 .
:
20
-@_v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf]
xsdf b/vf:t :jLs[t ePkl5 pDd]bjf/nfO{ /f]n
gDa/ sfod u/L b/vf:t kmf/fddf tf]lsPsf]
9fFrfdf k/LIff k|j]z kq lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbOg] k/LIff k|j]zkqdf :jLs[t ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/, kb v'nfO{ sfof{nosf] 5fk
;d]t nufpg' kg]{5 . pDd]bjf/sf] kmf]6f]df
:jLs[t ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] b:tvt ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ pDd]bjf/n] k]z u/]sf b/vf:tx¿ pk/ 5fglag
ubf{ lj1fkg jf ;"rgfdf plNnlvt k|fjwfgx¿
k"/f gu/L k]z ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] b/vf:t
c:jLs[t ug{' kg]{5 . o;/L b/vf:t c:jLs[t
ePsf] hfgsf/L pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Psk6s :jLs[t u/L k|j]zkq hf/L ePsf]
b/vf:tdf kl5 s'g} s}lkmot b]lvPdf To:tf]
b/vf:t c:jLs[t u/L k|j]zkq /2 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
:
#=((-3_ :jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ ug{'kg]{M -!_ lgod #=(-u_ adf]lhd
:jLs[t ePsf b/vf:t kmf/fdx¿ Jojl:yt u/L /fVg'sf
;fy} qmd;+Vof, pDd]bjf/sf] gfd y/, cfdf, afa'sf] gfd,
afh]sf] gfd, btf{ ldlt, b:t'/ a'emfPsf] /l;b gDa/,
b/vf:t e/]sf] ;d"x cflb v'nfO{ cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
9fFrfdf :jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] :jLs[t gfdfjnL
k|To]s lj1fkgsf] nflu b/vf:t kmf/fd lbg] Dofb ;dfKt
ePkl5 k|flws/0fsf] ;"rgf kf6L tyf j]j;fO6df ;d]t
k|sfzg u/L v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf tkm{sf]
lj1fkgsf] k|dfl0ft :jLs[t gfdfjnL ljB'tLo k|lt ;lxt
lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ cfof]usf] ;DalGwt
sfof{nodf ;d]t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
:
21
-#_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jf tkm{sf] b/vf:t kmf/fd
:jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf
/fVg'kg]{5 .
-$_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pd]/sf] u0fgf ubf{ h'g
kbsf] lgldQ b/vf:t lbg] xf] ;f] b/vf:t lbg] clGtd
ldltdf k'Ug] pd]/sf] cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g]5 .
:
#=((-ª_ glthf k|sfzgM -!_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf cfof]uaf6
k|sflzt x'g]5 . cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt glthf k|fKt ePkl5
kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] ;ft lbg leq k|of]ufTds jf k|:t'tLs/0f
x'g]df ;f] ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L glthf k|sfzg ePsf] kG„ lbg
kl5 / Ps dlxgfleq kg]{ u/L glthf ;lxtsf] cGtjf{tf{
sfo{qmd k|sfzg ug]{5 .
-@_ lnlvt k/LIffaf6 cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu pDd]bjf/sf] 5gf}6
ubf{ pknAw eP;Dd l/Qm kb ;+Vof ! eP #, @ b]lv $
;Dd eP bf]Aj/ / % jf ;f] eGbf dfly hlt;'s} kb;+Vof
eP klg 8]8L ;+Vofdf pDd]bjf/sf] gfd of]Uotf qmd
cg';f/ ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ ck"0ff{ÍnfO{
k"/f Ps dfGg' kg]{5 .
t/ glthf k|sfzg ubf{ j0ff{g'qmdfg';f/ gfd ;dfj]z
ug{'kg]5
{ .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ v'nf
k|ltof]lutfsf nflu v'nf tyf ;dfj]zL ;d"xdf Pp6}
pDd]bjf/sf] gfd bf]xl/g uPsf] cj:yfdf bf]xf]/f]
k/]hltsf] ;+Vof yk u/L ;dfj]zL tkm{sf] cGtjf{tf{sf
nflu gfdfjnL k|sflzt ug{'kg]5 { . o;/L 5gf}6 ubf{
clGtd pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] s'n k|fKtfÍ a/fa/ cÍ
k|fKt ug]{ PseGbf a9L pDd]bjf/ ePdf To:tf] a/fa/ cÍ
k|fKt ug]{ ;a} pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{'kg]5
{ .
:
22
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cGtjf{tf{sf nflu pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6
ubf{ pDd]bjf/n] lnlvt k/LIffsf] k|To]s kqdf slDtdf
rfnL; k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cGtjf{tf{sf nflu pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6
ubf{ clGtd pDd]bjf/sf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] s"n k|fKtfÍ
a/fa/ ePdf To:tf a/fa/ k|fKtfÍ x'g] cGo ;a}
pDd]bjf/nfO{ klg cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{5 .
-^_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sfzg ubf{ s'g} ;dfj]zL
;d"xsf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf kb k"lt{ gx'g] ePdf To:tf]
kb csf]{ aif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 / To;/L
lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknAw x'g g;s]df
pQm kb csf]{ jif{ v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f x'g] kbdf ;dfj]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf
k|sflzt ePkl5 ;f] glthfdf lrQ ga'emL k'gof]{u u/fpg
rfxg] k/LIffyL{n] kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] glthf k|sflzt u/]sf]
ldltn] ;ft lbg leq cfof]un] tf]s]sf] b:t'/ ;lxt
k|flws/0f dfkm{t cfof]udf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
:
#=((-r_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff / cGtjf{tf{ ;DaGwL Aoj:yfM -!_ lnlvt
k/LIff x'g]df lnlvt k/LIffaf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{
dfq cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z u/fO{g]5 . lnlvt k/LIff tyf
k|of]ufTds k/LIff jf k|:t'tLs/0f ;d]t x'g]df lnlvt
k/LIffaf6 5gf}6 x'g] pDd]bjf/nfO{ dfq k|of]ufTds k/LIffdf
jf k|:t'tLs/0f k/LIffdf ;dfj]z u/fOg]5 .
-@_ k|of]ufTds k/LIffdf cg'kl:yt x'g] jf plQ0f{ gePsf
pDd]bjf/nfO{ cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z u/fO{g] 5}g .
-#_ k"lt{ x'g] kb;+u k|ToIf ;DalGwt Ps hgf lj1 / kbk"lt{
;ldlt afFsL ;b:o /xg] u/L cGtjf{tf{ ;ldlt u7g
x'g]5 . k"lt{ x'g] kbeGbf tNnf] txsf] JolQm cGtjf{tf{
;ldltdf /xg] 5}g .
:
23
-$_ cGtjf{tf{ k|of]hgsf] nflu cfof]un] cfjZostf cg';f/
5'§} k|ltlglw v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd lj1 dgf]gog ubf{ kbk"lt{
;ldltsf] cWoIfn] cGtjf{tf{sf] a9Ldf Ps lbg cl3 dfq
uf]Ko ?kdf dgf]gog ug{'kg]{5 .
-^_ cGtjf{tf{sf] cÍef/ lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Í Ps ;o
ePdf aL; cÍ / yk k|To]s ;o k"0ff{Ísf] nflu yk bz
cÍ sfod ug{'kg]{5 .
-&_ cGtjf{tf{df efu lng] s'g} pDd]bjf/;Fu cGtjf{tf{
;ldltsf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] gftf kg]{ ePdf cGtjf{tf{
;ldltdf ;+nUg x'g] To:tf cWoIf jf ;b:on] pQm
lj1fkgsf] cGtjf{tf{df a:g x'Fb}g . ;f] gftfleq k/]sf]
s'/f glthf k|sfzg x'g' eGbf cl3 k|dfl0ft ePdf ;f]
cGtjf{tf{stf{n] k|bfg u/]sf] cÍu0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-*_ cGtjf{tf{df k"0ff{Ísf] ;Q/L k|ltzteGbf a9L jf rfnL;
k|ltzteGbf 36L cÍ lbg' k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfpg'
kg]5{ . o;/L sf/0f gv'nfO{ clwstd eGbf a9L jf
Go"gtd eGbf 36L cÍ lbPsf]df a9Ldf ;Q/L k|ltzt /
36Ldf rfnL; k|ltzt cÍ lbPsf] dfgL u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-(_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf] s'g} ;b:on] sf/0f v'nfO{ s'g}
pDd]bjf/nfO{ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd ;Q/L k|ltzt eGbf
a9L jf rfnL; k|ltzt eGbf sd cÍ k|bfg u/]sf]
cj:yfdf klg cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf krf; k|ltzt eGbf
a9L ;b:on] To;/L sf/0f v'nfO{ cÍ k|bfg u/]sf]
cj:yfdf dfq dfGo x'g]5 . cGoyf a9Ldf ;Q/L k|ltzt
/ 36Ldf rfnL; k|ltzt g} cÍ dfgL u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-!)_ cGtjf{tf{sf nflu k|of]u x'g] kmf/fd cg';"rL–&s adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
24
:
#=((-5_ cGtjf{tf{ lnFbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?M cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIf,
lj1 / ;b:on] cGtjf{tf{sf ;DaGwdf b]xfosf] s'/fdf Wofg
lbg'kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|Zg s;af6 ;'? u/L s;af6 cGTo ug]{, pDd]bjf/sf]
;do s] slt lng] / d"NofÍg s;/L ug]{af/] cGtjf{tf{
;ldltsf] cWoIfaf6 ;a} ;b:odf k|i6 ug]{,
-v_ cGtjf{tf{ lbg] JolQmsf] pko'Qmtf jf cg'ko'Qmtfaf/]
cGtjf{tf{ k"j{, cGtjf{tf{qmd jf cGtjf{tf{ kZrft\ Ps
cfk;df rrf{ gug]{,
-u_ pDd]bjf/ cGtjf{tf{ sIfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 lghsf] eo,
tgfj cflbnfO{ ;fdfGo l:yltdf Nofpg cGtjf{tf{
;ldltsf cWoIfaf6 lrghfgsf ;fy;fy} ;xh
jftfj/0fsf ljifodf k|Zgx¿ s]lG›t ug]{,
-3_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|f/Dedf
k|j]zfTds k|Zg ;f]Wg] / To;kl5 kfn}kfnf] cGo
;b:ox¿n] ljifo k|j]z ug]{,
-ª_ cGtjf{tf{ lnOg] kbsf] ;a} pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ ;f]lwg]
k|Zgsf] :t/ ;dfg ug]{,
-r_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf s'g} Ps ;b:on] k|Zg ;f]Wbf To;sf]
hjfkm af/] cGo ;b:on] ;d]t Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg],
-5_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] cGtjf{tf{ sfo{qmdsf] ;du|
d"NofÍg u/L cfjZos ePdf k|lqmof ;DaGwdf ;'emfj
ug]{,
-h_ cGtjf{tf{df k"0f{tM df}lns, j:t'ut k|Zg u/L k"jf{u|x /lxt
tj/n] d"Nof+sg ug]{,
-em_ cGtjf{tf{ cjlwe/ ;a} ;+nUg ;b:ox¿sf] Wofg
cGtjf{tf{d} s]lG›t ug]{, cGtjf{tf{ cjlwe/ cGtjf{tf{stf{n]
klqsf jf k':ts k9\g] h:tf s'g} c;fGble{s sfo{ gug]{,
-`_ cGtjf{tf{df eP u/]sf kIfx¿af/] cGtjf{tf{ kZrft\ klg
rrf{, kl/rrf{ gug]{, /
:
25
-6_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cGo
;b:ox¿sf] ;xdltdf pDd]bjf/nfO{ wGojfb lbO{
cGtjf{tf{ ;lsPsf] ;+s]t ug]{ .
:
#=((-h_ clu|d jf 5'6 cGtjf{tf{ lng ;lsg]M -!_ lnlvt jf k|of]ufTds
k/LIffsf] k|sflzt glthfdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} pDd]bjf/n]
dgfl;j sf/0f hgfO{ cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ldlteGbf
cufl8 g} cGtjf{tf{ lnO{ lbg ;f]sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L lgj]bg
lbPdf / lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]lvPdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltn]
To:tf] JolQmsf] nflu clu|d cGtjf{tf{ lng] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] b]xfosf] cj:yf k/L cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu
k|flws/0faf6 lgwf{/0f ePsf] ldlt / ;dodf pkl:yt x'g
g;s]df ;f]sf] k|df0f ;lxt cGtjf{tf{sf nflu tf]lsPsf]
ldltn] lsl/of a:g' k/]sf] xsdf kG„ lbg / cGo
cj:yfsf] xsdf ;ft lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf kbk"lt{
;ldltn] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]v]df 5' 6 cGtjf{tf{
lng] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df,
-v_ k|flws/0f jf ;/sf/L sfdsf] sf/0faf6 pkl:yt
x'g g;s]df,
-u_ lsl/of a:g' k/]df,
-3_ ;'Ts]/L ePdf,
-ª_ cGtjf{tf{df pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] u/L cfsl:ds
la/fdL ePdf .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k|of]ufTds k/LIff jf cGtjf{tf{ k"j{sf cGo k/LIffdf
cg'kl:yt /x]sf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z
u/fOg] 5}g .
-$_ clu|d tyf 5'6 cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z x'g] pDd]bjf/n]
k|flws/0fn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] b:t'/ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
:
26
-%_ cGtjf{tf{ x'g] lbg k|flws/0fn] v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln]
pDd]bjf/af6 k]z ePsf] k|dfl0ft sfuhftsf] ;Ssn
k|lt;Fu le8fpg] / k|j]zkq hfFr u/L xflh/ ;d]t u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-^_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf k|j]z kfpg] p2]Zon] z}lIfs of]Uotf,
pd]/, gful/stf, cg'ej cflb 9fF6]sf] kfOPdf To:tf]
pDd]bjf/nfO{ cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g / lghsf]
b/vf:t /2 ul/g]5 .
:
#=((-em_ of]Uotfqmd tyf l;kmfl/zM -!_ k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof ;dfKt
ePsf] ;ft lbgleq / s'g} pDd]bjf/ cGtjf{tf{df cg'kl:yt
ePdf k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof ;dfKt ePsf] kG3| lbg kl5 ;ft
lbgleq b]xfodf plNnlvt cÍ hf]8L kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] clGtd
glthf k|sfzgsf nflu of]Uotfqmd ;"rL tof/ ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] s"n k|fKtfÍ,
-v_ k|of]ufTds tyf ;f] afx]s cGo k/LIff x'g]df
To:tf k/LIffdf k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ, /
-u_ cGtjf{tf{sf] cf}ift cÍ .
-@_ of]Uotfqmd ;"rL tof/ ug{sf] nflu pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt
u/]sf] cÍ tflnsfsf] l;naGbL vfd vf]Nbf ;f]sf] d'r'Nsf
u/L ldlt / ;do ;d]t pNn]v u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf
;b:ox?sf] /f]xj/df dfq vf]Ng' kg{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{
pDd]bjf/x¿sf] s"n k|fKtfÍ a/fa/ ePdf b]xfosf
cfwf/df of]Uotfqmd sfod ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ lnlvt k/LIff x'g]df lnlvt k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍsf
cfwf/df,
-v_ lnlvt k/LIff / k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g]df v08
-s_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf k|of]ufTds
k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df,
:
27
-u_ v08-v_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/sf] of]Uotfqmd
g5'l§Pdf cGtjf{tf{sf] k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df,
-3_ v08-u_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/sf] of]Uotfqmd
g5'l§Pdf ;DjlGwt kbsf] ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|fKtfÍsf]
k|ltztsf] cfwf/df,
-ª_ v08-3_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/x¿sf]
of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf lj1fkg ul/Psf] kbeGbf
Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] Joxf]/f
b/vf:t kmf/fddf pNn]v u/]sf] eP To:tf] kbsf]
h]i7tfsf cfwf/df,
-r_ v08 -ª_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/x¿sf]
of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf] Ho]i7tfsf
cfwf/df .
-$_ of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{ klxnf] lj1fkg /
lj1fkg leqsf] ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/ of]Uotfqmd
;"rL klxn] k|sfzg ug{' kg]{5 .
t/ klxn] k|sflzt lj1fkg jf lj1fkg leqsf] ;dfj]zL
;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/sf] cÍ k"/f eO;s]sf] /x]g5 eg]
qmdzM ;f] qmd kl5sf] cÍ k'u]sf lj1fkgx¿ jf lj1fkg
leqsf] ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/sf] of]Uotfqmd ;"rL
k|sfzg ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ pklgod -$_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} pDd]bjf/ ;dfg txsf Ps eGbf
a9L lj1fkgdf lnlvt k/LIffaf6 pQL0f{ ePsf]df kl5Nnf]
qmddf /x]sf] lj1fkgsf] cÍ k"/f ePtfklg klxn]
cGtjf{tf{ ;DkGg ePsf] lj1fkgsf] of]Uotfqmd k|sflzt
geP;Dd To:tf] lj1fkgsf] of]Uotfqmd k|sfzg ul/g]
5}g .
-^_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{
Pp6} k/LIffsf] dfWodaf6 l;kmfl/; x'g] v'nf tyf
;dfj]zL ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] s"n cÍsf]
28
cfwf/df Psd'i6 of]Uotfqmd ;"rL ;d]t tof/ u/L
k|sfzg ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ clGtd glthf k|sfzg ubf{ ;dfg:t/sf] PseGbf a9L
kbsf] k/LIffdf pQL0f{ x'g] pDd]bjf/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L
klxn] glthf k|sfzg x'g] Ps kbdf dfq ;dfj]z ul/g]
5.
:
#=((-`_ k|tLIff ;"rLM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uotfqmd k|sfzg ubf{ l/Qm
kbsf] cg'kftdf oyf;+ej kRrL; k|ltzt jf sDtLdf b'O{
hgf;Dd pDd]bjf/sf] gfd of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ a}slNks
pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf k|tLIff ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/L k|sfzg
ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"rLsf] Dofb ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn]
Ps aif{;Dd dfq /xg]5 .
t/ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df cGtjf{tf{df ;lDdlnt
ePsf yk s]xL jf ;a} pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|tLIff ;"rLdf /fVg afwf
kg]5
{ }g .
:
#=((-6_ uf]Ko /xg]M k|flws/0fsf] kbk"lt{sf nflu lnO{{Psf] k/LIff;Fu
;DjlGwt ;a} clen]v uf]Ko /xg]5 .
)
#=!!) kf7\\oqmdMM -!_ l/Qm kbk"lt{sf] nflu cfof]un] lng] lnlvt
k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd, k/LIf0f ljlw / tt\ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd, cÍef/,
pQL0ff{Í / tt\ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf lgwf{/0f ubf{
cfof]u;Fu ;dGjo u/L ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ubf{ cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;DalGwt kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / z}lIfs of]Uotf
;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ kf7\oqmd nfu" x'g] ldlt, k|To]s
:
)
29
ljifosf] k"0ff{Í, pQL0ff{Í, k/LIff k|0ffnL, k/LIffsf] dfWod
-efiff_, k|Zgsf] cÍef/ / k/LIffsf] ;do ;d]tsf
ljifox? ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Í Ps;o ePdf To;sf] cGtjf{tf{ jf
k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] cÍef/ aL; sfod ug{' kg]{ /
o;kl5 lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Ídf yk x'g] k|To]s Ps;o
k"0ff{Í leqsf] cÍef/df bz cÍsf b/n] yk ug'{kg]{5 .
*
#=!!! =========================
k
#=!@ ljz]if1 kb ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ge}
gx'g] cj:yfdf ;ldltn] of]Uotf, cg'ej / sfdsf] k|s[ltsf]
cfwf/df ;]jfsf] tx cf7 b]lv tx bzf}+ ;Dd kb dWo]sf] s'g}
kbnfO{ rf6{8 PsfpG6]G6, sfg'g ljb, ljQzf:qL, al/i7 jfo'ofg
rfns, Po/ jlb{g]z ljb h:tf ljz]if1 kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ljz]if1 kbdf lgo'Qm sd{rf/LnfO{ lgwf{l/t ;]jf, ;d"x /
pk–;d"xleqsf ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo ;Dkfbg ug]{
u/L ljz]if1 kbdf ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ jdf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] sd{rf/L cfˆgf] kb
;lxt ;?jf x'g]5 .
-$_ ljz]if1 kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L cGo kbsf] a9'jfdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g] 5}g .
-%_ ljz]if1 kbsf] sd{rf/L Ps txaf6 csf]{ txdf a9'jf x'g
jxfn /x]sf] txsf] kbdf lgod ^=# sf] pklgod -!_
jdf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] x''g' kg]{5 .
-^_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ dflyNnf] txdf a9'jf
ubf{ sd{rf/L jxfn /x]sf] kbnfO{ g} pko'Qm k|sf/sf]
dflyNnf] txdf kl/0ft -cku|]8_ ul/g]5 / cku|]8 ul/Psf]
*
kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
k
30
kb s'g} sf/0faf6 l/Qm ePdf :jtM z'? lgo'lQmsf] txsf]
kbdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
-&_ ljz]if1 kbsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbk"lt{
;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-*_ ljz]if1 kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg
;ldltåf/f lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-(_ ljz]if1 kbsf ;DjGwdf cGo Joj:yf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f
u/] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
31
kl/R5]b—$
lgo'lQm tyf kb:yfkgf
$=! lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/M -!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm
kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf clws[t :t/sf] kbdf ;ldltn] /
;xfos :t/sf] kbdf dxflgb]{zsNf] ug]{5 .
*
-@_ ==================
$=@ lgo'lQm tyf kb:yfkgfM -!_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltaf6 gofF lgo'lQmsf]
nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ l;kmfl/z ePsf] ldltNf]]
clws[t txsf] xsdf Ps dlxgf leq / ;xfos txsf] xsdf kGw|
lbgleq lgo'lQm lbOg]5 / o:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf l56f] ;fwgåf/f
;DjlGwt pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
-@_ lgod $=! jdf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
kb:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] sfof{nox?sf] ljj/0f pknJw u/fO{
lghx?af6 k|fyldstf dfu u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] l;kmfl/;
ubf{ sfod ePsf] of]Uotfqmdsf cfwf/df k|yldstf
lgwf{/0f u/L kb:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
:
-#_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf] kb s'g}
sf/0fn] l/Qm gePdf ;f] kb l/Qm gx'Gh]n;Ddsf nflu
lghnfO{ lgo'lQm lbgsf nflu :jtM gofF kb l;h{gf
x'g]5 . pQm kb l/Qm ePkl5 ;f] gofF kb :jtM vf/]h
ePsf] dflgg]5 .
: -$_ v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{åf/f lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf xflh/
ePsf] ldlt b]lv, cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{åf/f a9'jf x'g]
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf a9'jf lgo'lQm ;DjGwL lg0f{o ldlt b]lv
/ sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
a9'jf lgo'lQm lj?4 ph"/L k/]sf] eP ;f] ;"rgfsf] a9'jf
jfx]s a9'jf glthf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] 5QL;f}+ lbgb]lv
Ho]i7tf u0fgf ul/g]5 .
*
kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h
:
32
:
-%_
gofF lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lgo'lQm eO{ kb:yfkg ul/Psf
sd{rf/Lx?n] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf b'O{ jif{;Dd clgjfo{
;]jf u/]kl5 dfq cGo sfof{nodf ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ czQm lj/fdL eO{ jf b/aGbL ;lxt ;?jf ug{' k/]df
;f] cufj} ;?jf ug{ of] pklgodn] jfwf k'u]sf] dflgg]
5}g .
$=# lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0f kqM lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf] clws[t
txsf] pDd]bjf/n] d]l8sn jf]8{af6 / ;xfos :t/sf] pDd]bjf/n]
:jLs[t lrlsT;saf6 lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z gu/];Dd lghnfO{
;]jfsf] kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .
)
t/ k|flws/0fdf :yfoL ;]jf ul//x]sf sd{rf/Ln] v'nf tkm{sf]
k/LIffaf6 ;xfos txaf6 clws[t txdf 5gf}6 eO lgo'lQmsf]
nflu l;kmfl/z ePdf afx]s cGon] To:tf] lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq
k]z ug{'kg]{ 5}g .
)
$=$ k|tLIff ;"rLdf /x]sf] a}slNks pDd]bjf/nfO{ lgo'lQm lbg]M -!_
lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf] pDd]bjf/n] lgod $=@ adf]lhd
lbPsf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf ga'em]df jf ;"rgf lkmtf{ cfPdf jf ;"rgf
a'em]/ klg ;f] ;"rgf kfPsf] jf a'em]sf] tL; lbg leq pDd]bjf/n]
lgo'lQm kq lng gcfPdf jf lgo'lQm kq lnO{ kG„ lbgleq xflh/
gePdf lgo'lQm lng cfpg' jf xflh/ x'g hfg' egL kG„ lbgsf]
Dofb lbO{ s'g} /fli6«o:t/sf] b}lgs klqsf / k|flws/0fsf] j]e
;fO{6df ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq ;d]t lgo'lQm a'‰g
gcfPdf jf xflh/ gePdf To:tf pDd]bjf/sf] gfd
of]Uotfqmd ;"rLaf6 x6fO{ lghsf] ;§f k|tLIff ;"rLdf
/x]sf a}slNks pDd]bjf/nfO{ of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ lgo'lQm
lbg kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
:
)
c7f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
33
-#_ lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf pDd]bjf/n] lgo'lQm
glng] lnlvt ;xdlt JoQm u/L ;f] Aoxf]/fsf] lgj]bg k]z
u/L Pshgf clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xa/df lgh
pDd]bjf/n] ;f] Aoxf]/f ;gfvt u/]df lghsf] gfd
of]Uotfqmd ;"rLaf6 x6fO{ k|ltIff ;"rLdf /x]sf a}slNks
pDd]bjf/nfO{ of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ lgo'lQm lbg kbk"lt{
;ldltn] l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfaf6 lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf] kb To;/L l;kmfl/; ePsf] ldltn] Psaif{ leq
pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf cj:yf nufot cGo h'g;'s}
sf/0faf6 klg l/Qm x'g cfPdf a}slNks pDd]bjf/nfO{
lgo'lQm lbg' kg]{5 .
$=% k/LIf0f sfnM ;]jfsf] :yfoL kbdf gofF lgo'lQm ubf{ k'?if
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ! jif{sf] / dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ^ dlxgfsf]
k/LIf0fsfn /xg] u/L lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . k/LIf0fsfndf lghsf] sfd
;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghsf] lgo'lQm jb/ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L
k/LIf0fsfn leq lgo'lQm jb/ gePsf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm :jtM
;b/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ Ps k6s k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt ul/;s]sf sd{rf/LnfO{{
k'gM k/LIf0fsfndf /flvg] 5}g .
$=^ zky u|x0fMM klxnf]] k6s lgo'Qm eO{ cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3
clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LNf]] dxflgb]{zs ;dIf / ;xfos txsf]
sd{rf/LNf]] sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefusf] k|d'v ;dIf cg';"rL—*
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf zky u|x0f ug'{kg]{5 .
$=& j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fdM -!_ ;]jfdf lgo'Qm ePsf k|To]s
sd{rf/LNf]] lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] ! dlxgfleq cg';"rL—(
adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd e/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g
ljefudf j'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ xjfO{ ljefuaf6
k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf k|To]s sd{rf/LNf]]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd e/L #
dlxgfleq sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
34
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lsf]
j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fddf ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] gf]s/L
;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f, lgo'lQmkq, ;?jf, j9'jf,
k|z+;fkq, ;hfo tyf ljefuLo sfjf{xL ;DjGwL ljj/0f /
tT;DjGwL kqx? ;+nUg ul/g]5 .
-$_ sd{rf/L cfkm}n] jf k|flws/0fNf]] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0fdf s'g} sfuhft yk ug'{ k/]df sd{rf/L k|zf;g
ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefuNf]] ;a} sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0f kmf/fd cBfjlws ?kdf /fVg'kg]{5 .
-^_ o; lgod adf]lhd v8f ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0f kmf/fd uf]Ko /xg]5 . o:tf] kmf/fd clVtof/jfnf
/ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt clwsfl/NffO{ s'g}
sfd ljz]ifdf afx]s cglws[t JolQmnfO{ b]vfOg] 5}g .
$=* sfod d'sfod d's//M x-!_ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vsf]
kb s'g} sf/0faf6 kGw|| lbgeGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu l/Qm x'g
uPdf tTsfn sfd rnfpgsf nflu Ps tx d'lgsf kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6 h]]i7 sd{rf/LnfO{{ dxflgb]{zsn] sfod
d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sfod d'sfod d's// ubf{ Ps kbdf Ps JolQmnfO{ dfq
sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{{ Ps txeGbf dflyNnf]] kbdf sfod
d'sfod d's// ul/g]5}g .
-$_ sfod d'sfod d's// ul/Psf] sd{rf/LNf]] sfod d'sfod
u/]sf] ldltb]lv sfd u/]sf] kbsf] z'? :s]n tnj / eQf
jf lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnj eQf h'g a9L x'g cfp5
;f]xL kfpg]5 .
i
-%_ sfod d'sfodsf] cjlw a9Ldf ^ dlxgfsf] x'g]5 .
x
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
i
bf]>f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
35
æt/ sfod d'sfod ul/g] kbdf j9'jf x'g]
;DefJo pDDf]b\jf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf a9Ldf # jif{;Ddsf
nflu sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;lsg]5 .Æ
-^_ pklgod -%_ ljkl/t s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod
d's// u/]df lghNf]] ;f] kbdf /xFbf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj,
eQf / cGo ;'ljwfjfktsf] /sd sfod d'sfod d's//
ug]{ kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'npk/ ul/g]5 .
$=( ljefuLo k|d'v tyf sfof{no k|d'vsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{M
-!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{nosf] k|d'v s'g}
sf/0fNf]] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf lgh
dftxtsf] lgs6td h]i7 sd{rf/LNf]] lgldQ hgfO{ b}lgs
sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v s'g} sf/0fNf]] l/Qm eO{
;f] kbdf gofF lgo'lQm jf ;?jf eO{ k"lt{ geP;Ddsf]
nflu pklgod -!_ adf]lhd h]i7 sd{rf/LNf]] ;f]
sfof{nosf sfuh kq / b}lgs sfd rnfpgsf nflu
rflxg] lhG;L;d]t lhDdf lnO{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd
csf]{ Aoj:yf geP;Dd lgldQ eO{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf sfof{no k|d'vsf]
kbdf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] hfgsf/L
dxflgb]{zsnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
-$_ Ps dlxgfeGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu s'g} sd{rf/LNf]]
pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP
;f] cjlwdf lghn] lgldQ eO{ u/]sf] kbsf] tna eQf
tyf cGo ;'ljwf kfpg]5 .
t/ o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf cfˆgf] kbeGbf Ps tx
dflysf] kbsf] dfq kfpg]5 .
$=!) kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]M b]xfosf cj:yfdf sd{rf/Lsf] cfˆgf]
kbflwsf/ sfod /xg]5 M
-s_ To; kbdf /xL sfdsfh ul//xFbf;Dd,
36
-v_ csf]{ kbdf ;?jf eO{ sfo{ef/ ;dfNg kfOg] Dofb;Dd,
-u_ ljbfdf /x]sf] jvt,
-3_ lgnDjgdf /x]sf] jvt,
-ª_ cGoq sfhdf v6fOPsf] jvt,
-r_ s'g} cGo kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// eO{ sfd u/]sf]
jvt .
i
$=!! s/f/df lgo'lQm;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ Pl6P;, /]l8of], km\nfO6
ck/]zg, kmfo/, Po/ jlb{g]z, ONf]S6«f]lgS; P08 6]lnsDo'lgs]zg
OlGhgLol/Ë, ONf]]lS6«sn OlGhgLol/Ë, d]sflgsn OlGhgLol/Ë /
l;len OlGhgLol/Ë ;DjGwL k|fljlwsæDtyf rf6{/ PsfpG6]G6Æ
l/Qm :yfoL kbdf k|flws/0fsf] cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L o;
lgodfjnL adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmnfO{ lnlvt k/LIff ‡jf
k|of]ufTds k/LIff / cGtjf{tf{sf]] dfWodaf6 dxflgb]{zsn] al9df
j
Ps jif{;Dd s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 . pQm cjlw leq
kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]df ;ldltNf] csf]{ ^ dlxgf;Dd s/f/ lgo'lQmsf]
Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod ! df tf]lsPsf] cjlweGbf j9L cjlwsf] nflu
lgo'lQm u/]sf] cj:yfdf lghNf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj, eQf
;'ljwf cflb /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ ;DjlGwt kbflwsf/Laf6
c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
D$=!!-s_ ljz]if1 ;]jf s/f/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfMM
-!_ dxflgb]{zsn] p8fg ;'/Iff ;'k/Lj]If0f -;]ˆ6L cf]e/ ;fO6_
sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljz]if1 hgzlQm s/f/sf]
dfWodaf6 lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm x'g] ljz]if1n] k|flws/0fdf
lg/LIfs, al/i7 lg/LIfs jf ljifout lj1sf] ?kdf sfo{
ug]{5g\ .
i
D
‡
j
kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
37
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf lg/LIfs, al/i7 lg/LIfs tyf
ljifout lj1sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, cg'ej, ;]jfsf
zt{, kfl/>lds, 5gf]6 ljlw tyf cGo Joj:yf ;ldltn] tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ lg/LIfs tyf al/i7 lg/LIfssf] Go"gtd pd]/ qmdz M #% jif{
/ $% jif{ tyf ljifout lj1sf] pd]/ slDtdf %) jif{sf]
x'g]5 / lghx?nfO{ k|flws/0f ;]jfdf cjsfzsf nflu lgwf{l/t
pd]/sf] xb nfu" x'g]5}g .
-%_ pk–lgod -$_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej xfl;n
u/]sf JolQm dWo]af6 ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodn] lj1fkg
u/L pko'Qm pd]bjf/ 5gf}6 u/L pklgod -@_ df pNn]v
ul/Psf ljz]if1 hgzlQm lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ lg/LIfs, al/i7 lg/LIfssf] tyf ljifout lj1sf] s/f/ cjlw
Ps jif{sf] x'g]5 / pgLx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df
dxflgb]{zsn] s/f/ cjlw PsPs jif{sf b/n] yk ug{
;Sg]5 .
$=!@ kbk"lt{df jGb]hM ;]jfsf] s'g}klg kbdf o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf
ePb]lv afx]s cGo s'g}klg tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g]5}g .
D
$=!@s= ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf dfkm{t ‡;]jf lngg]M -!_ k|flws/0fnfO{
cfjZos kg]{ /g/, ;jf/L rfns, sDKo'6/ ck/]6/, PgfpG;/,
6]lnkmf]g ck/]6/, 6«nL sn]S6/, jf/];, lnk\m6 ck/]6/, au}+r],
;/;kmfO{stf{ tyf ;'/Iff uf8{ h:tf hgzlQm ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf
dfkm{t dfq cfk"lt{ ul/g]5 .
D
t/ aflif{s sfo{qmddf Joj:yf gePsf] / :jLs[t ah]6leq
gk/]sf] ;]jfdf o;/L ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf dfk{mt s'g} hgzlQm
cfk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g .
D
bzf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
‡
D
38
-@_ pk lgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ul/g]
hgzlQmn] ;ldltn] tf]lslbP jdf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf,
cf]l/06]zg tfnLd / ;DalGwt ljifodf dfGotf k|fKt
lgsfoaf6 tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
5
-#_ k|flws/0fn] pk lgod -!_ jdf]lhd ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf
dfkm{t\ cfk"lt{ ul/g] hgzlQmsf] ;]jf ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|rlnt ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g
tyf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
F
-$_ =========================
$=!# kb geO{ lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g]M kb geO{ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;]jfdf
lgo'lQm ug'{ x'Fb}g . To;/L lgo'lQm u/]sf] kfOPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LNf]]
;]jfdf /xFbf kfPsf] tnj, eQf nufotsf cGo ;'ljwf lgo'lQm ug]{
clwsf/Laf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
'
$=!#=s======================================
‡$=!$ jxfn
nL DofbM ;?jf j9'jf eO{ jf sfhdf vl6Psf sd{rf/Lx?n]
;?jf a9'jf ePsf] jf sfhdf vl6Psf] ldltn] lgod !%=@
cg';f/sf] a/a'emf/ysf] ;do e'Qmfg x'gf;fy /dfgf kq lnO{ &
lbgleq vl6Psf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g hfg'kg]{5 . o;/L vl6Psf]
sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g hfFbf af6f]sf] Dofb cfjZos x'g]df ;f] Dofb
e'QmfgL x'gf;fy / To:tf] Dofb cfjZos gkg]{df /dfgf kq
lnPsf] e]flnkN6 vl6Psf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g'kg]{5 .
5
P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
F
P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
'
c7f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
‡
39
kl/R5]b—%
;?jf tyf sfh
h
%=! ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/LM sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/
dxflgb]{zsnfO{ x'g]5 . dxflgb]{zsn] ;f] clwsf/ cfjZostfg';f/
cfkm" dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%=@ ;?jf x'g jfWotfM -!_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf
ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ geO{
;fdfGotof csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/
gx'g] sd{rf/LnfO{{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LNf]] ljefuLo
sf/jfxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ s'g} kbsf] nflu cjlw tf]sL ;?jf u/]sf]df afx]s s'g}
kbdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{{ ;fdfGotof b'O{jif{ k"/f
ePkl5 dfq ;?jf ul/g]5 .
D
t/ cf7 tx jf ;f] eGbf dflysf sfof{no
k|d'vx?sf] xsdf cg';"rL – !) jdf]lhd æsÆ ju{sf]
ef}uf]lns If]qsf sfof{nodf k|To]s Ps jif{df / cGo
ef}uf]lns If]qsf sfof{nodf k|To]s b'O{ jif{df clgjfo{
?kdf ;?jf ul/g] 5 .
-$_ ;?jf ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;?jf
;DjGwL ljj/0f cBfjlws ?kdf tof/ u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;?jf ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf ;ldltNf]] lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
:
%=@--s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{
ljefuLo k|d'v, cfof]hgf k|d'v, ljefu jf dxfzfvf k|d'v jf
sfof{no k|d'vdf kb:yfkg ubf{, ;?jf ubf{ jf lglZrt cjlwsf]
nflu cfof]hgfdf sfhdf v6fpFbf To:tf] kbdf /xL ug]{ sfo{x?sf]
h
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
:
40
k|zf;sLo, Joj:yfksLo tyf k|fljlws sfo{ k|s[lt cg';f/
sfo{ljj/0fsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L;Fu b]xfo
adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf ug{'kg]{ 5 .
-s_ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] xsdf ljefuLo k|d'v /
dxflgb]{zs aLrdf,
-v_ cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zs cGtu{tsf]
cfof]hgf ePdf cfof]hgf k|d'v / dxflgb]{zs
aLrdf, lgb]{zgfno÷ljefuLo k|d'v cGtu{tsf]
cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt cfof]hgf k|d'v /
lgb]{zgfno÷ljefuLo k|d'v aLrdf tyf sfof{no
cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt cfof]hgf
k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf,
-u_ lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf ljefu÷dxfzfvf k|d'vsf]
xsdf ;DalGwt ljefu÷dxfzfvf k|d'v /
lgb]{zgfno k|d'v aLrdf,
-3_ ljefu cGtu{t dxfzfvfsf] xsdf dxfzfvf
k|d'v / ljefuLo k|d'v aLrdf,
-ª_ sfof{no k|dv ' sf] xsdf sfof{no k|d'v /
lgb]{zgfno k|d'v aLrdf,
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf s'/fx? v'nfOPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .
-s_ lgb]{zgfno÷ljefu÷dxfzfvf jf cfof]hgf jf
sfof{nosf] nIo,
-v_ nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]6,
hgzlQm / cGo ;fwg >f]t,
-u_ nIo xfl;n ug]{ ;do ;Ldf,
-3_ k|fKt x'g'kg]{ glthf jf ck]lIft pknlAw,
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] ;"rsfÍ,
-r_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf /2 ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfx?,
-5_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu
cfjZos clwsf/x?,
41
-h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?,
-em_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-#_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfo{ eP gePsf] af/]df
dxflgb]{zs / ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfno k|d'v tyf ljefuLo k|d'vx?n]
lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg ug{'kg]{5 .
-$_ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df afx]s sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ g;s]sf To:tf]
ljefuLo k|d'v, dxfzfvf k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'v jf sfof{no
k|d'vnfO{ b'O{ jif{;Dd To:tf] k|d'v kbsf] lhDd]jf/L glbg] u/L
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ k|flws/0fn]
cfjZostfg';f/ lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:
%=@@-v_ ;?jf x'g] sd{rf/Ln] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg'kg]{M -!_s'g} sfof{no, ljefu
/ lgb]{zgfno k|d'v csf]{ sfof{no, ljefu / lgb]{zgfnodf ;?jf
x'Fbf lghn] cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx?,
n]vf, a]?h' km5\of{}6 / afFsLsf] ljj/0f, uf]Ko sfuhftx?,
k]ZsLsf] l:ylt / sfof{nosf] km5\of}6{ ug{ afFsL sfo{x?sf]
k|fyldstf :ki6 b]lvg] u/L ljj/0f tof/ u/L xfnjfnfnfO{ jf
lgh geP lgs6td Ho]i7 sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]5 { .
-@_ sfof{no, ljefu / lgb]{zgfno k|d'v afx]ssf cGo sd{rf/Lsf]
;?jf x'Fbf lghn] cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] afFsL jSof}tf, sfo{/t
:yfgsf] km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL sfo{x?sf] k|fyldstf :ki6 b]lvg]
ljj/0f / cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/sf] sfd ;DaGwL ljj/0f
tof/ u/L sfof{no, ljefu / lgb]{zgfno k|d'vn] tf]s]sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{5 .
j
%=#= sfh v6fpg] clwsf/LM -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfsf] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf sfh v6fpFbf Ps jif{df tLg dlxgf eGbf a9L
cjlwsf nflu sfhdf v6fO{g] 5}g .
:
j
kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
42
:
-!s_ gofF lgo'lQm jf a9'jf eO{ k|yd k6s kb:yfkgf ePsf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgod $=@ sf] pklgod -%_ sf] cjlwe/
csf]{ sfof{nodf sfdsfh ug]{u/L sfh v6fpg kfOg]
5}g .
-@_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sfh v6fpg]
clwsf/ b]xfosf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5M–
-s_ clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ dxflgb]{zs,
-v_ ;xfos txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no
k|d'v,
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
k|flws/0fsf] dftxtdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] jf ;+rfng ul/g]
of]hgf, cfof]hgf jf ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;+nUg
x'g] k|of]hgsf ]nflu dxflgb]{zsn] cfjZostf / cf}lrTosf]
cfwf/df Ps k6sdf a9Ldf Ps aif{;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu
sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ tLg dlxgfeGbf a9L sfh vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] sfh
vl6Psf] :yfgsf] cfjf; tyf :6]zg eQf kfpg]5 t/
b}lgs eQf kfpg] 5}g .
D
-%_ k|flws/0fsf :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ jif{sf] Ps k6s j9Ldf
;ft lbgdf gj9\g] u/L cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
s'g} Ps uGtJodf‡æPsd'i7 lglZrt /s sd pkknJw u/fO{
cfGtl/s ko{6g ljbfdfÆ cfnf]kfnf] hfg] u/L
lgodfg';f/sf] b}lgs tyf e|d0f vr{ pknJw u/fOg]5 .
D
-^_ pk lgod -%_ jdf]lhd cfGtl/s ko{6gdf hfg]
sd{rf/Lsf] e|d0f ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t
x'g] lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
:
D
‡
D
43
kl/R5]b—^
j9'jf
^=! j9'jfM sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds
k/LIffsf] cfwf/df j9'jfåf/f kbk"lt{ ug]{ egL kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf] P3f/f}+ tx;Ddsf] kbdf ikbk"lt{ ;ldltNf]] j9'jfsf] nflu
;DefJo pDd]bjf/x?sf]} sfo{Ifdtf d"Nof+sgdf ;a} eGbf a9L
c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]bjf/ tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf
;a}eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt u/L pko'Qm 7xl/Psf] pDd]bjf/nfO{ j9'jf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu clVtof/jfNff ;dIf l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .

^=@ ===========================
^=# j9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'gnfO{ rflxg] Go"gtd ;]jf
cjlwM)-!_;]jfsf] kbdf x'g] a9'jfdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'gsf]
nflu a9'jf x'g] kbsf] ;]jf, ;d"x / pk;d'xsf] Ps tx d'lgsf]
kbdf ;xfos:t/af6 clws[t :t/df / clws[t:t/af6
clws[t:t/df a9'jfsf] nflu rf/ aif{ tyf ;xfos:t/af6
;xfos:t/df a9'jfsf] nflu tLg aif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f
ePsf] / cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
x
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf] ePtf klg P]gsf] bkmf #@
adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :yfoL ;]jfdf /xL k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf
kl/0ft ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf lghx?Nf]] k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf
kl/0ft x'Fbfsf] cj:yfsf] txdf lghfdlt ;]jfsf] h'g kbaf6 ;]jf
kl/0ft ePsf] xf], ;f] kbdf u/]sf] k'/} ;]jf cjlw o; lgodfjnL
adf]lhd j9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'gnfO{ rflxg] ;]jf cjlwdf
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
i
+bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
}
c7f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
)
x
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
44
k
-@s_ lgod @=& adf]lhd ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ePsf
sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;fljssf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] ;dfg txsf]
kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw a9'jfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;d]t u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
'
-#_ ============================
'
#s_ ===============================
'
-#v_ ===============================
'
-$_ ==========================
'
-%_ ======================================
'
-^_ ========================================
⁕
-&_ =========================
D
^=#-s_ ;d"lxs[t, pk;d"lxs[t gx'g] kbdf a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/LLsf] ;d"x tyf
pk;d"x ;DjGwL Jojj:yfM ;d"lxs[t / pk;d"lxs[t gx'g] kbdf
a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x lgh To:tf] kbdf a9'jf
x'g' eGbf cl3Nnf] kbsf] ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x g} sfod x'g]5 .
^=$ j9'jfsf] nfllu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] cj:yf M lgod ^=! /
^=# df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg b]xfosf sd{rf/L
j9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}gg\M
-s_ lgNfDjg ePsf]df lgNfDjg ePsf] cjlwe/,
-v_ j9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
k
'
⁕
bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
D
45
-u_ tnj j[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
:
-3_
gl;xt kfPsf]df ;f] kfPsf] ldltn] Psaif{ ;Dd,
:
-ª_
kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf k"k{Ifsf lgldQ y'gfdf /x]sf] eP ;f]
cjlwe/ .
)
^=% sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍÍgM lgod ^=! jdf]lhd sfo{Ifdtfsf]
d"Nof+Ígsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ubf{ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+Íg
ug]{ cfwf/ / ;f] jfkt kfpg] clwstd cÍ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+Íg jfkt –rfnL; cÍ
-v_ h]i7tf jfkt –tL; cÍ
-u_ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt –kG„ cÍ
-3_ z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt –afx| cÍ
-ª_ tfnLd jfkt –tLg cÍ
hDdf – Ps;o cÍ
)
^=%%-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgM -!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fd ebf{ cg';"rL–!! df pNn]lvt 9fFrf /
lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df eg{' kg]{5 .
-@_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg k|of]hgsf] nflu cÍ u0fgf ubf{
a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pd]bjf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw
cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5Nnf] Tolt jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
cÍsf] cf}iftaf6 lx;fj ul/g]5 .
-#_ sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ lgod ^=%v sf] cwLgdf /xL
;'kl/j]Ifsn] a9Ldf kRrL; cÍ, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] a9Ldf
bz cÍ / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] a9Ldf kfFr cÍ lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ubf{ dxflgb]{zssf] xsdf
dGqfnosf] ;lrj ;'kl/j]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ b'j}
x'g]5 . lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu
:
)
46
;ldltsf] cWoIf / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;b:o /x]sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 . cGo sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf Ps
tx dflysf] ;DalGwt lgs6td clws[t sd{rf/Ln]
;'kl/j]Ifs / ;'kl/j]Ifs eGbf Ps tx dflysf] ;DalGwt
lgs6td clws[t sd{rf/Ln] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ eO{
sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg sfo{ ug]{5 . t/ dxflgb]{zs
;'kl/j]Ifs ePsf] cj:yfdf ;'kl/j]Ifs /
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ b'j}sf] x}l;otn] d"NofÍg ug]{5 .
-%_ afx|f}+ txsf] clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nof+sgsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldltsf] sfd dxflgb]{zsn] ug]{5 .
-^_ ljefusf k|d'vsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] ;'kl/j]Ifsdf
dxflgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{df
dxflgb]{zs / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf ;DjlGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs
/ dxflgb]{zs /xg]5 . sfod d'sfod d's// ePsf]
cj:yfdf o:tf] sd{rf/L sfod d'sfod d's// ePsf]
kbsf] ;dfg kbsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-&_ pklgod -%_ / -^_ afx]s k|flws/0fsf s]G›Lo sfof{nosf
cGo sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs, ;DalGwt
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / dxflgb]{zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L
;d]t tLg hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf] Ps k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt
/xg]5 . k|flws/0fsf] s]G›Lo sfof{no eGbf afx]ssf
cGoqsf sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu dxflgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf]
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g] txsf] clws[t cWoIf / dxflgb]{zsn]
tf]s]sf] cGo b'O{ hgf clws[t ;b:o /x]sf] k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldlt x'g]5 . s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfg txsf] clws[t
;'kl/j]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf /xg
;Sg] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePkl5 >fj0f ;ft ut]
leq cfkm"n] ut jif{ el/df ;Dkfbg u/]sf] d'Vo d'Vo sfdsf]
ljj/0fx? e/L b'O{ k|lt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L
47
k|flws/0f jf k|flws/0fsf] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{
cfˆgf] ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug{'kg]{5 .
-(_ pklgod -*_ adf]lhd btf{ e} cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] >fj0f d;fGtleq
d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-!)_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd kG„ lbg leq d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug{'kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] cfkm"
;dIf k|fKt x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf ef›
d;fGt leq d"NofÍg u/L ;Sg'kg]{5 .
-!!_ pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf]
d"NofÍg ;DkGg eO{;s]kl5 k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf
;b:ox¿n] l;njGbL vfdsf] jGb jGbdf b:tvt u/L
k|dfl0ft u/L Ps k|lt k|zf;g zfvfdf / Ps k|lt kbk"lt{
;ldltdf sflt{s d;fGt leq cfO{ k'Ug] u/L k7fpg'
kg]5{ .
-!@_ pklgod -!!_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] kG„
lbg leq k|fKt l;njGbL vfdx?nfO{ Psd'i6 vfdaGbL u/L
kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] ;d]t jGb jGbdf b:tvt
u/L u/fO{ ;'/lIft ;fy uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ ;do leq s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
k]z x'g jf bflvn x'g gcfPsf] sf/0fn] kbk"lt{ ;ldltn]
cfˆgf] sfd sf/jfxL /f]Sg jfWo x'g] 5}g .
-!$_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] s'g} jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
ge/]df To; cfly{s jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt
lghnfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] nflu s"n k"0ff{Ísf] krf;
k|ltzt cÍ lbO{g]5 .
-!%_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
sd{rf/Ln] ;dofjlw leq cfˆgf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fd btf{ u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] t/
;DalGwt d"NofÍgstf{af6 ;dofjlw leq d"NofÍg ePsf]
48
/x]g5 eg] dxflgb]{zsn] plrt / dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{
axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-!^_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] a}7s /fVg] lhDd]jf/L k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] x'g]5 .
-!&_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] cÍ uf]Ko x'g]5 .
-!*_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ebf{ k"0f{ ljj/0f geg]{, cÍ
/ cIf/df s"n k|fKtfÍ pNn]v gug]{, tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf
d"NofÍg cÍ pNn]v gug]{, x:tfIf/ gug]{, l6k]S; k|of]u
ug]{ Pj+ cgfjZos s]/d6 u/L cljZj;gLo Pj+
nfk/jfxL k"0f{ 9+uaf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg]{
jf d"NofÍg ug]{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/L, ;'kl/j]Ifs,
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/LnfO{
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
-!(_ k|zf;g x]g]{ k|d'vn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg{sf]
nflu tf]lsPsf] ;do ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kG„ lbgleq
k|flws/0fdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf / k|fKt x'g gcfPsf
sfo{;Dkfbg kmf/fdx? PsLg u/L /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'
kg]5{ .
-@)_ k|flws/0fn] cWoog jf tfnLddf k7fPsf] cjlwsf] jf
lgnDjg ePsf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt
To:tf] cWoog jf tfnLddf hfg' eGbf jf lgnDjgdf kg{'
eGbf tTsfn cl3sf] jif{df hlt cÍ kfPsf] 5, ;f]xL
cg'kftdf g} cÍ u0fgf ul/g]5 . tTsfn cl3Nnf] aif{sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg /x]g5 eg] xflh/ ePkl5 e/]sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf k|fKt u/]sf] c+ssf] cf}ift c+s
u0fgf ul/g]5 . cWoog jf tfnLddf uPsf] jf
lgnDjgdf /x]sf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
eg{'kg]{ 5}g .
-@!_ c;fwf/0f labf jf uonsl§df a;]sf] cjlwnfO{ s6fP/
dfq} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/Lsf] lx;fa ul/g]5 / To:tf]
49
c;fwf/0f labfsf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg
kmf/fd el/g] 5}g .
-@@_ jflif{s ¿kdf ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg afkt
kGrfgAa] k|ltzteGbf a9L jf krxQ/ k|ltzteGbf sd
cÍk|bfg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg'k5{ . o;/L
sf/0f gv'nfO{ ;f] cÍk|bfg ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg jfkt kfPsf] Ps cÍ 36fO{g] 5 .
-@#_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ k"/f Ps
cfly{s aif{sf] cyf{t >fj0f Ps ut] b]lv cfiff9 d;fGtsf]
lx;fjn] u0fgf ug{' kg]{5 . Ps cfly{s aif{ gk'u]sf sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cÍ u0fgf ul/g] 5}g . t/ km/s km/s
sfof{nodf sfd u/]sf] eP klg Ps cfly{s aif{ k"/f ePsf
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt cÍ u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-@$_ cbfntsf] lg0f{oaf6 k'gj{xfnL x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz
cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt cjsfz x'g'
cl3sf] jif{df hlt cÍ kfPsf] 5 Tolt g} cÍ lbOg]5 .
-@%_ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍgsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ Ps cfly{s jif{df hlt cjlw
c;fwf/0f ljbfdf a;]sf] xf] ;f] cjlwsf] nflu lghsf]
pQm cfly{s jif{sf] k|fKtfÍaf6 bfdf;fxLn] s§f u/L cÍ
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
:
^=%%-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x¿M -!_ k|flws/0fsf
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf
;'k/Lj]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf ljbfsf] cfj]bg glbO{ nuftf/
tL; lbg eGbf a9L cg'kl:yt ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ clt
pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo
kfPsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du|
:
50
u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{
a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-u_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf]
kl/l:ylt k/]sf] egL k|flws/0faf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf]
cj:yfdf afx]s c? cj:yfdf Dofb leq km5of{}6
gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df
clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ
lbg],
-3_ dxflgb]{zs afx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Ln] ug{' kg]{
sfdsf] nIosf] krf; k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] To:tf]
sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL
cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd
:t/sf] cÍ lbg],
t/ To;/L tf]s]sf] nIo ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn]
geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]df cÍ 36fO{g] 5}g .
-ª_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf
sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf
cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-r_ Dofb leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofb
leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf]
;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ
glbO{ al9df pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f]
adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf d"NofÍgstf{sf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf kfPsf] s"n cÍdf Ps cÍ
36fO{g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf ;f]sf] :ki6
sf/0f pNn]v ug{'kg]{5 .
51
:
^=%%=--u_ h]i7tf jfktsf] cÍM -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ h]i7tf jfktsf] cÍ k|bfg
ubf{ xfn axfn /x]sf] txdf sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] nflu
tLg c+ssf] b/n] a9Ldf tL; cÍ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
t/,
-s_ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L rfgr'g dlxgf jf lbgsf]
nflu bfdf;fxLaf6 cÍ lbOg]5,
-v_ uon ePsf] jf c;fwf/0f labf a;]sf] cjlwsf]
cÍ lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ k|flws/0fsf] k|zf;g zfvfn] k|To]s jif{ txut ?kdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] h]i7tfqmd cg';f/sf] gfdfjnL
;"rL k|sflzt ug]{5
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw a9'jf
k|of]hgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhd u0fgf ul/g]5 M–
-s_ xfn jxfn /x]sf] kbdf :yfoL ;]jf u/]sf] cjlw -aLrdf
6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] htL s6fO{_ zt k|ltzt .
-v_ ;]jfdf u/]sf] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw cljlR5Gg /fvL ;dfg
;]jfsf] ;dfg txdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf To:tf] c:yfoL
;]jfsf] s"n cjlwsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt
:
^=%%-3_ z}lIfs of]UotfM sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf nflu z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cÍ lbOg]5 M–
-s_ a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cg';"rL–^ df
pNn]lvt Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt Psd'i6 gf} cÍ .
-v_ v08-s_ adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf eGbf Ps tx dflysf]
;DalGwt ljifosf] s'g} Ps z}lIfs pkflw jfkt Psd'i7
tLg cÍ .
t/,OlGhlgol/ª ljifodf :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/L ;]jf
k|j]z u/]sf OlGhlgol/ª ;]jfsf ljleGg ;d"x /
pk;d"xsf] v'Nnf, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf / sfo{ Ifdtfsf]
d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf] xsdf gful/s
:
:
52
p88\og;Fu ;DalGwt PleP;g Dofg]hd]G6, Po/
6«fG;kf]6{ Dofg]hd]G6, PlePzg ;]ˆ6L, Po/ 6«flkms
Dofg]hd]G6 / ;]ˆ6L Dofg]hd]06 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf]
ePdf dflyNnf] txsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] dfgL
;f] adf]lhd dflyNnf] of]Uotf jfktsf] cÍ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
:
^=%%-ª_ ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfktsf] cÍM -!_sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf
nflu ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cÍ
lbOg]5 M–
-s_ …sÚ ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu #=)-tLg_
cÍ
-v_ …vÚ ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu @=% -b'O{
bzdnj kfFr_ cÍ
-u_ …uÚ ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu @=) -b'O{_ cÍ
-3_ …3Ú ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu !=% -Ps
bzdnj kfFr_ cÍ
-ª_ …ªÚ ju{df sfd u/] jfkt k|To]s jif{sf] nflu !=) -Ps_ cÍ
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] juL{s/0f cg';"rL—
!) df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/] jfkt ;f]
If]qsf] cÍ k|fKt ug{ sDtLdf b'O{;o t]lQ; lbg ?h' xflh/
x'g' kg]5
{ cGoyf æªÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍ kfpg]5 .
;f] cjlw eGbf a9L rfgr'g cjlwsf] bfdf;flxn] cÍ
lbO{g5
] .
:ki6Ls/0ffM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ?h' xflh/Æ eGgfn]
xflh/ ePsf], ;fj{hlgs labf, lsl/of labf, k|;"lt labf, e}k/L
cfpg] tyf kj{ labf / sfo{If]q leqsf] sfh cjlw ;Demg'
k5{ / ;f] afx]ssf labf, sfh tyf ef}uf]lns sfo{If]q
aflx/sf] tflnd cjlwnfO{ ?h' xflh/ dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ /dfgf eO{ ;s]kl5 Dofb leq xflh/ geO{ ljbf lnPsf] jf
sfhdf uPsf] cjlwsf] nflu æªÆ ju{sf] cÍ kfpg]5 .
:
53
-%_ tL; sfo{ lbg jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu j}b]lzs tfnLd
jf ljb]zdf sfhdf jf cWoog ljbfdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] pQm
cjlwsf] nflu ef}uf]lns If]q jfkt æªÆ ju{sf nflu tf]lsPsf]
cÍsf] cfwf cÍ dfq kfpg]5 .
:
^=%%=--r_ tfnLd jfktsf] cÍM -!_ sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf nflu tfnLd
jfkt b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cÍ lbOg]5 M–
tfnLd >0] fLL
;]jfsfnLg tfnLd jfkt k|yd låtLo t[tLo
-:jb]zL jf j}b]lzs_ # cÍ @=% cÍ @ cÍ
-@_>]0fL gv'n]sf] tfnLd jfkt låtLo >]0fL j/fj/sf] cÍ
lbOg]5 . tfnLdsf] :t/ / ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug{ låljwf
pTkGg ePdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] ljz]if1x?sf] ;Nnfx lnO{
lg0f{o ug]5
{ .
-#_ tfnLdsf] cÍ lb+bf tL; sfo{ lbg jf ;f] eGbf j9L cjlwsf]
;]jf;Fu ;DjlGwt ljifosf] ;]jfsfnLg tfnLd jfkt cÍ
lbOg]5 . tfnLdsf] cÍu0fgf ubf{ h'g txdf 5Fbf tfnLdsf]
nflu dgf]gog ePsf] xf], ;f] cÍ ;f]xL txsf] nflu dfq
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ sd{rf/Ln] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;]jfsfnLg tfnLd jfktsf]
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug{'kg]{5 . ;f] k]z gu/]df To;
jfkt cÍ lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ a9'jfsf] nflu cÍu0fgf x'g] tfnLddf dgf]gog ubf{
h]i7tfnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{g]5 .
:^=%
%=--5_ k|fKtfÍsf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{M a9'jfsf cfwf/ dWo] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg afx]s cGo cfwf/x? jfkt pDd]bjf/n]
kfPsf] cÍ ;DalGwt cfj]bg lbg] pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg' kg]{5 .
:^=%
%=--h_ a9'jfsf] zt{df kl/jt{gM lgod ^=# sf] pklgod -!_, lgod
^=%, ^=%-s_, -v_, -u_, -3_, -ª_ / -r_ df /x]sf a9'jfsf]
:
54
nflu c+s k|bfg ug]{ ;+zf]lwt k|fjwfg of] lgodfjnL k|f/De
ePsf] Ps jif{ kl5sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5g\ .
'
^=^ ================================================
'
^=& ==================================================
'
^=* =================================================
)
^=( a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ tyf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ug]{M -!_ kbk"lt{
;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/x?sf] d"Nof+sg u/L ;a}
cfwf/x?af6 k|fKt Psd'i6 cÍ dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{
pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ qmdzM a9'jf of]Uotfqmddf /fvL clVtof/jfnf
;dIf gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;DefJo pDd]bjf/n] ;dfg cÍ
kfPdf / ;dfg cjlw ePdf xfn sfo{/t /x]sf] tx eGbf
Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sf] cfwf/df
a9'jf ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf klg ;dfg
cjlw ;]jf u/]sf] ePdf xfnsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf
x'Fbfsf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df / xfnsf] kbsf] of]Uotfqmd
klg g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf] h]i7tfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ul/g]5 .
t/ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jf k|ltof]lutfsf] Ps} ldltdf
l;kmfl/z ePsf] /x]5 eg] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/z
ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;
adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] pDd]bjf/sf] gfd ;fj{hlgs ?kdf
k|sfzg ug{'kg]{5 .
'
)
55
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] pDd]bjf/sf] gfd
k|sfzg ubf{ a9'jf x'g] pDd]bjf/n] kfPsf] s"n cÍ ;d]t
k|sfzg ug{'kg]{5 .
^=!) j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ ph"/L / ttt\;DjGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ lgod ^=(
adf]lhd l;kmfl/z ePsf] kbk"lt{ ;"rLdf gfd ;dfj]z gePsf
pDd]bjf/Nf] To:tf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ lrQ gj'emL ph"/L lbg
rfx]df j9'jf gfdfjNfL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltNf] k}+tL; lbgleq
cfkm"Nf] j9'jf kfpg' kg]{ :ki6 cfwf/ / sf/0f ;d]t v' NffO{
;ldltN]f tf]s]sf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z ph'/L ;ldlt ;dIf ph'/L lbg
;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod-!_ adf]lhd j9'jf l;kmfl/z pk/ ph"/L ug]{
k|of]hgsf] Nfflu ;ldltN]f ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo] Ps
hgf ;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo j9'jf l;kmfl/z
ph'/L ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph"/Lsf] ;DjGwdf
ph"/L ;'Gg] clwsf/LNf] ;f7L lbgleq 5fgjLg u/L klxNf]
k|sflzt j9'jf gfdfjNfLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePdf ph"/L
;'Gg] clwsf/LNf] ;f] sf] ;"rgf kbk"lt{ ;ldltNffO{
lbg'kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod-!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph"/L cfwf/xLg
7xl/Pdf j9'jf l;kmfl/z ph"/L ;ldltNf] ;f] sf] dgfl;j
dflkmssf] sf/0f ;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt
ph"/jfNffnfO{{ lbg' kg]{5 / ph"/L kl5 x'g] j9'jfdf To:tf]
ph"/Lstf{sf] klxNff] k6ssf] ph"/L eP b'O{ c+s s§f
ul/g]5 / bf]>f] k6ssf] ph"/L eP tLg c+s sfl6g]5 .
^=!! j9'jf ldltMM -!_ lgod ^=( sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt
j9'jfsf] l;kmfl/z;"rL pk/ lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_
adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq s;}sf] ph"/L gk/]df To:tf] j9'jf l;kmfl/z
;"rL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltNf] 5lQ;f}+ lbgb]lv j9'jf ldlt sfod x'g]
u/L ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{{ j9'jfsf] k"hL{ lbO{g]5 .
56
-@_
lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt j9'jf
l;kmfl/zsf] ;"rLdf lrQ gj'e\mg] cGo s'g} pDd]bjf/Nf]
lgod ^=!) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq ph"/L
u/]df j9'jf l;kmfl/; ;ldltNf] ;f] ph"/L ;DjGwdf
5fgjLg u/L k"j{ k|sflzt j9'jf ;"rLNffO{ oyfjt sfod
/fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df pklgod -!_ df plNNflvt lbgb]lv /
;+zf]lwt ?kdf j9'jfsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]df ;"rgf
k|sfzg u/]sf] lbgb]lv j9'jf ldlt sfod x'g] u/L
;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{{ j9'jf ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgod ^=!@ adf]lhd cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf]
dfWodaf6 kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] j9'jfsf] Nfflu l;kmfl/z
u/]sf]df clVtof/jfNffn] j9'jfsf] lg0f{o ldltb]lv Nffu" x'g]
u/L j9'jf ul/g]5 .
^=!@ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f x'g] j9'jfM cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] cfwf/df j9'jfåf/f kbk"lt{ ug{ lgwf{l/t
k|ltzt cg';f/ sfod x'g cfPsf] kbdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltN]f cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffaf6 of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf
pDd]bjf/x?NffO{ k"lt{ ul/g'kg]{ kb;+Vof cg';f/ j9'jfsf] Nfflu
l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .
i
^=!# kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ j9'jfsf]
sf/jfxL ubf{ o; kl/R5]b leq gk/]sf] ljifodf jf ;f] leq k/]sf
ljifo eP tfklg lgodNf] o:tf] ug]{ eGg] s]xL ;+s]t gu/]sf]
ljifodf s'g} ck|Toflzt sl7gfO{ cfOk/]df o; lgodfjNfLsf]
p2]Zo k|lts'Nf gx'g] u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldltNf] AofVof jf Aoj:yf ug{
;Sg]5 . o;sf] hfgsf/L ;ldltNffO{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd u/]sf] Aoj:yfsf ;DjGwdf lrQ
gj'e\mg] sd{rf/LNf] lg0f{o yfxf kfPsf] ldltNf] #% lbg leq
;ldltdf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 / o:tf] ph'/Lsf ;DjGwdf
i
57
;ldltNf] cfjZos hfFrj'em u/L ;f] sf] AofVof ;lxt
hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .
i
^=!$ j9'jf ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM-!_ o; lgodfjNfLdf cGoq h'g;'s}
s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtf klg afx|f}+ txsf] kbdf j9'jf ug{ kbk"lt{
;ldltNf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df l/Qm kbsf] pkNfJw
eP;Ddjt]Jj/ ;+Vofdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/x? dWo]af6 sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgdf ;a}eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{x?NffO{ l;kmfl/z
ug]{5 / To;/L l;kmfl/; ul/Psf pDd]bjf/x? dWo]af6 ;ldltNf]
g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / sfo{ s'zNftfsf] cfwf/df pko'Qm
7x¥ofPsf] pDd]bjf/NffO{ j9'jf ug]{5 .
i
j
58
kl/R5]b—&
cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ;DjGwL Aoj:yf
&=! cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/LM
-!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?NffO{ ljb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf
;]ldgf/df efu lngsf] Nfflu dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/
dxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 .
j
-@_ clws[t txsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ :jb]zdf cWoog, tfnLd tyf
;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 /
;xfos txsf] sd{rf/LNffO{{ :jb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf
;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zs jf lghNf]
tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zsNffO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ dfly h'g;'s} s'/f pNNf]v ePsf] ePtfklg z}lIfs pkflw
xfl;Nf ug]{ cWoogsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf ul/g] dgf]gog ;ldltsf]
:jLs[ltaf6 ul/g]5 .
i
&=@ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gogsf] cfwf/MM sd{rf/LNffO{{ cWoog
tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gog ubf{ cWoog tyf tfNfLdsf] ljifo;+u
;DjlGwt ;]jf, ;d"x / pk;d"x leqsf sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6
h]i7tf / sfo{ bIftf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df dgf]gog ul/g]5 .
&=# dgf]gog ubf{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{M -!_ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf
sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ klxNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd lNfg] df}sf
gkfPsf tyf ljifoj:t' x]/L pko'Qm sd{rf/LNffO{{ lgod &=@ sf]
clwgdf /xL k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
-@_ sd{rf/LNffO{{ s'g} cWoog tyf tfNfLddf dgf]gog u/L
k7fPdf To:tf] tfNfLd cjlwe/ lghnfO{ k"/f tNfj lbg]
u/L k7fOg]5 .
k
-#_ tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f gePsf] sd{rf/LNffO{{
ljb]zdf cWoog jf tfNfLdsf] nflu dgf]gog ul/g] 5}g .
j
i
k
59
t/ cWoog tyf tfnLdsf] ljifo / k|s[lt
cg';f/ s'g} lglZrt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ g} dgf]gog ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf tLg jif{ ;]jf
cjlw k"/f ePsf sd{rf/L gePdf Ps jif{ ;]jf cjlw
k"/f u/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg ;ldltn] dgf]gog ug{
;Sg]5 .
k
-$_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL /
cfjZos ljifodf ljb]zL d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf
cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg x'g] 5fqj[lQ adf]lhdsf]
cWoog tyf tflndsf] 5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflu x'g
;ldltsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ b/vf:t lbPsf sd{rf/Lsf]
5gf}6 ePdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] cWoog jf
tflnddf ;xefuL x'g dgf]gog ul/g]5 .
‡&=$ cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug'{kg]{ cjlwMM k|flws/0faf6
dgf]gog eO{ cWoog tyf tfNfLddf hf+bf sd{rf/LN]f To:tf]
cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd
clgjfo{ ?kdf k|flws/0fdf ;]jf ug'{kg]{5 .
cWoog tyf tflndsf] cjlw ;]jf ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd cjlw
-s_ Ps dlxgf;Dd Ps jif{
-v_ Ps dlxgfb]lvtLg dlxgf;Dd b'O{ jif{
-u_ tLg dlxgfb]lv 5 dlxgf;Dd tLg jif{
-u_ 5 dlxgfb]lv gf} dlxgf;Dd rf/ jif{
-3_ gf} dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd kfFr jif{
-ª_ Ps jif{eGbf dfly ;ft jif{
;fdfGotof h'g ljifodf cWoog tyf tfNfLd k'/f u/L
kms]{sf] xf] ;f]xL ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt If]qdf k|flws/0fNf] sfd
Nfufpg]5 .
k
‡
kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
60
k
&=$s=cck/]zg 8\\o"6Ldf ;]jf ug'{ kg]{M k|flws/0fsf] vr{df cfwf/e"t
tflnd k|fKt u/L ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;]jfdf k|j]z
u/]sf] ldltn] slDtdf bz aif{;Dd ljdfg:ynsf] ck/]zg 8\o"6Ldf
;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 .
&=% dgf]gogdf jGb]hM o; lgodfjNfLsf] lgod ^=$ Nf] tf]s]sf]
cjlwe/ s'g} klg sd{rf/L cWoog, tfNfLd / cWoog e|d0fsf]
Nfflu dgf]gog ul/g] 5}g .
&=^ sj'lnot ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd
lNfg hfg'eGbf cl3 To:tf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/L kms]{/
cfO{ lgod &=$ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ug]{ ;d]t sj'NfLot ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf] cWoog tyf tfNfLd k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf
ug{ gcfPdf jf lgod &=$ adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ ;]jf cjlw
k"/f gu/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 cWoog tyf tfNfLd
cjlwe/ lghn] kfPsf] tNfj eQf tfNfLd ubf{ Nffu]sf]
vr{ Pj+ sj'NfLotdf pNN]fv ePsf cGo /sdx? ;d]t
c;"Nf pk/ ul/g]5 .
-#_ ljb]zdf cWoog, tfNfLd tyf ;]ldgf/df dgf]gog ug]{
;DjGwL cGo Aoj:yf ;ldltNf] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
k
&=& k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yfM k|flws/0fsf]nflu cfjZos kg]{ tfnLdx¿dWo]
:jb]zd} ;+rfng ug{ ;+ej x'g] tfnLdx¿ gful/s p•og k|lzIf0f
k|lti7fgdf ;+rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
:
&=&--s_ cfGtl/s k|lzIf0ff jf ;Lk x:tfGt/0ff ;DaGwL sfo{ ;~rfng
ug]{M -!_ k|flws/0fn] k|wfg sfof{no / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?df
;d]t ljleGg ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xsf kbx?;Fu ;DalGwt sfdx?
;DkGg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf xfl;n u/]sf cg'ejx? tyf ;Lkx?nfO{
;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;d"x
agfO{ sfo{qmd to u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ cfGtl/s k|lzIf0f ub}{
hfg'kg]5{ .
k
:
61
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ nfUg]
;~rfng vr{ / k|lzIfsnfO{ lbOg] k|f]T;fxg vr{sf]
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmddf
cfjZostf cg';f/ afXo k|lzIfs klg ;dfj]z u/fpg
;lsg]5 .
k
&=* k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 lghL k|of;df
:jb]z jf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ rfxg] sd{rf/Ln] dxflgb]{zssf]
k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6
k/LIffyL{sf] ?kdf k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g tyf sfo{/t
:yfgdf sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf cWoog ug{ k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g .
t/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{nodf
;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
k
62
kl/R5]b—*
sfof{Nfo ;do, xflh/L / ljbf
*=! sd{rf/Lsf] ;j} ;do k|flws/0fsf] cwLgdf x'g]M o; lgodfjNfLdf

cGoyf n]lvPsf]]df afx]s sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do k|flws/0fsf]
cwLgdf x'g]5 / h'g;'s} ;dodf klg k|flws/0fNf] cfˆgf
sd{rf/LNffO{{ sfddf Nfufpg ;Sg]5 .
*=@=-!_ sfof{no ;doM gful/s p•og ;]jf cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jf
ePsf]n] xKtfsf] ;ft} lbg ;~rfNfg ug'{kg]{ u/L Aoj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . sd{rf/LNffO{{ cfjZos ePdf ljbfsf] lbgdf klg sfddf
Nfufpg ;lsg]5 .
j
-@_ sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s jif{sf] sfof{no ;do b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
x'g]5M–
-s_ df3 !^ ut] b]lv sflt{s !% ut] ;Dd ljxfg !)
ah] b]lv ck/fGx kfFr ah] ;Dd,
-v_ sflt{s !^ ut] b]lv df3 !% ut] ;Dd ljxfg !)
ah] b]lv ck/fGx $ ah];Dd,
-u_ k|To]s z'qmjf/ ljxfg !) ah] b]lv ck/fGx #
ah];Dd .
k
-@s_ /f]i6/df a;L ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf]
sfof{no ;do ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k-@v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfof{no ;dodf x]/k]m/ ePsf] cj:yfdf
;ldltn] klg tb\g's"nsf] sfof{no ;dodf x]/k]m/ ug]{5 .
-#_ sd{rf/LNffO{ ;fdfGotof xKtfsf] Ps lbg ;fKtflxs ljbf
lbOg]5 .
i
-$_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s'g} klg ;dodf sfddf Nfufpg ;lsg]5
/ xjfO{ ;]jf ;+rfNfgsf] Nfflu cfjZos eP adf]lhd
j
k
i
63
sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd ug]{ ;do lbpF;f] jf /ftL hlxNf] klg
lgoldt ?kn] jf cfnf]kfNff]] u/L /f]i6/df tf]Sg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L cGo ;dodf sfddf Nfufpg' kg]{
jfx]s h'g;'s} ljefu jf zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx?Nf] ;ldltNf]
lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] ;dodf sfd ug'{kg]{5 .
*=# ;do kfNfg / lgoldt xflh/LM i-!_ sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0faf6
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;dodf lgoldt ?kdf æ‡cfkm\\gf] sfof{Nfodf
tf]lsPsf] xflh/LL lstfa jf ljB'tLo pks/0fdf xflh/ hgfpg'
kg{]5 .Æ d'gfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f jfx]s ljbfsf] lgsf;f glNfO{
cfkm\gf] sfof{Nfodf cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] æxxflh/Ld df uoNf
hgffO{{Æ tNfj s§L u/L ljefuLo ;hfo ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L
uoNf ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gug]{ u/L cleN]fv
/flvg]5 . ljbf :jLs[t gu/fO{ Nfuftf/ ^) lbgeGbf j9L cjlw
cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LNffO{{ xflh/ gu/fO{ lgod !#=% adf]lhd
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
-@_ sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0fdf pkl:yt eO{ xflh/L hgfO{
;s]kl5 cfkm" eGbf dflysf] clws[tsf] cg'dlt glNfO{
sfof{Nfo ;dodf cfkm"NffO{ tf]lsPsf] :yfg 5f]8L cGoq
st} hfg x'Fb}g .
\
-#_ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf jfx]s Nfuftf/ tLg
k6s;Dd xflh/L 58\s]df cg'kl:yt /xg] sd{rf/LNffO{{
ljefuLo ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
*=$ ;fj{hlgs ljbfM j-!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghfdlt sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd k|flws/0fdf ;fj{hlgs ljbf lbO{g]5 .
t/ lghfdtL ;]jf lbj;sf] lbg k|flws/0fdf ljbf lbOg]
5}g .
i
‡
kGw|f} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
\
bf]>|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
j
64
k
-@_
pklgod -!_ df n]lvP b]lv afx]s k|flws/0fsf]
aflif{sf]T;jsf] lbg k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs
ljbf x'g]5 .
)
*=% e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbfM -!_ sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ e}k/L cfpg]
ljbf ^ lbg / kj{ ljbf ^ lbg u/L hDdf jfx| lbg ljbf lng
kfpg]5 . o:tf] ljbfdf a:bf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tnj kfpg]5 . e}k/L
cfpg] / kj{ ljbf cfwf lbg klg lng ;lsg]5 .
-@_ Ps jif{sf] e}k/L cfpg] ljbf csf]{ jif{sf] nflu ;+lrt x'g]
5}g .
-#_ gofF lgo'lQm kfO{ xflh/ x'g cfpg] sd{rf/Ln] xflh/
ePsf] dlxgfb]lv / cjsf; x'g ! jif{eGbf sd cjlw
afFsL ePsf sd{rf/Ln] afFsL dlxgfsf] nflu dlxgfsf] !
lbgsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] lbgsf] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf
kfpg]5 .
*=^ 3/ ljbfM -!_ sd{rf/LN]f k|To]s jfx| lbg sfd u/]jfkt Ps lbgsf]
b/N]f tNfj eQf ;lxtsf] 3/ ljbf kfpg]5 .
-@_ 3/ ljbf j9Ldf Ps;o c;L lbg;Dd ;+lrt /xg]5 .
Ps;o c;L lbg eGbf j9L ;l~rt ljbf x'g] sd{rf/LN]f
;+lrt ljbf jfktsf] /sd Ps jif{df tL; lbgdf gj9fO{
lNfg ;Sg]5 . s'g} sf/0fN]f sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu ePdf
lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ ljbf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/
/x]sf] kbaf6 vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfjsf b/N]f x'g cfpg]
/sd lghn] Psd'i6 lNfg kfpg]5 .
-@s_ sd{rf/LNf] jif{sf] Ps k6s slDtdfj;ft lbg 3/ ljbf
lNfO{ 3/ hfFbf / 3/ ljbf e'Qmfg u/L 3/af6 cfˆgf]
sfof{Nfodf cfpFbf k}bNfsf] af6f]NffO{ cf7 sf]ifsf] lglDt
Ps lbgsf] b/N]f j9Ldf ;ft lbg;Dd / df]6/, /]Nf,
k
)
j
65
xjfOhxfhsf] af6f]NffO{ hlt lbg nfUg] xf] Tolt lbg
af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs ljbf, e}k/L cfpg] ljbf / kj{ ljbfdf j;]sf]
cjlwNffO{ 3/ ljbfsf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu sfd u/]sf] cjlw
dflgg]5 .
-$_ 3/ ljbf, cWoog ljbf / c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf
sd{rf/LN]f ;f] cjlwsf] 3/ ljbf kfpg] 5}g .
*=& lj/fdL ljbf -!_ sd{rf/LNf] Ps dlxgfsf] Ps lbgsf] b/N]f lj/fdL
ljbf kfpg]5 / lj/fdL ljbf ;l~rt x'Fb} hfg]5 .
-@_ ;ft lbgeGbf j9L lj/fdL ljbfsf] dfu ug]{ sd{rf/LNf]
:jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ s'g} sf/0fNf] sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt
/x]sf] lj/fdL ljbf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfjsf b/Nf] x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6
lNfg kfpg]5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;+lrt lj/fdL ljbfNf]] gk'u ePdf
d]l8sNf jf]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df k}+tfNfL; lbg k]ZsL lj/fdL
ljbf kfpg] 5 . To;/L k]ZsL lj/fdL ljbfdf j;]sf]
sd{rf/LNf]] k"/f tNfj kfpg]5 .
-%_ c;fwf/0f ljbf lNfO{ j;]sf] cjlwsf] lj/fdL ljbf lbOg]
5}g .
h
-^_ s'g} 7"Nff]] jf s8f /f]u nflu pkrf/ ug{ pklgod -$_
cg';f/ lj/fdL ljbf / 3/ ljbfNf]] gk'u eO{ yk ljbf lNfg'
k/]df d]l8sNf jf]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df s'g} klg ljbf ;+lrt
g/x]sf] cj:yfdf kl5 ;+lrt x'g] s'g} klg ljbfaf6 s§L
gx'g] u/L k'/f tNfj ;lxtsf] j9Ldf 5 dlxgf ;Ddsf] yk
lj/fdL ljbf kfpg]5 .
h
klxnf]] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
66
)
*=* k|;"lt ljbf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbfM -!_ s'g} dlxnf sd{rf/L
ue{jtL ePdf lghn] ;'Ts]/L x'g' cl3kl5 u/L cG7fgAa] lbg
k|;"lt ljbf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd k|;"lt ljbf lnPsf dlxnf
sd{rf/Ln] rfx]df s'g}klg ljbfjf6 s§f gx'g] u/L yk 5
dlxgf;Dd j]tnjL k|;"lt ljbf lng ;Sg]5g\\ . t/ o:tf]
j]tnjL ljbf k|;"lt ljbf;Fu nuftf/ ?kdf lng'kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ljbf a:g] sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tnj
eQf kfpg]5 .
-$_ s'g} k'?if sd{rf/Lsf] kTgL ;'Ts]/L x'g] ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/Ln] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 jf kl5 u/L kG„ lbg k|;"lt
:ofxf/ ljbf lng kfpg]5 .
-%_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf j:g] sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tnj eQf
kfpg]5 .
-^_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf ;]jf cjlwe/ b'O{ k6s dfq lbOg]5 .
-&_ k|;"lt ljbf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{
aRrfsf] :ofxf/sf] lgldQ a9Ldf b'O{ j6f jRrfsf] nflu
hgxL Psd'i6 kfFrxhf/ ?k}ofF lzz' :ofxf/ eQf lbOg]5 .
t/ klt / kTgL b'j} k|flws/0fdf sfo{/t /x]sf] eP Ps
hgf sd{rf/Ln] dfq lzz' :ofxf/ eQf kfpg]5 .
-*_ k|;"lt ljbf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf lnPsf] clen]v
;DjlGwt sfof{non] cBfalws agfO{ k|To]s k6s ;?jf
eO{ /dfgf lnO{ hfFbf /dfgf kqdf / sd{rf/L clen]v
kmfOndf ;d]t /fVg'kg]{5 .
-(_ k|;"lt ljbf / k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf dfu ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] ljbf
;lsPsf] tLg dlxgf leq jRrfsf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq
k]z ug{'kg]{5 .
-!)_ pklgod -(_ jdf]lhdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z
gug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo
)
67
ljbfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 . cGo ljbf ;l~rt gePdf uon
s§L ul/g]5 .
‡*=( lsl/of ljbfM s'g} sd{rf/LNf] s"n wd{ cg';f/ cfkm} lsl/of j:g'
kg]{ ePdf jf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] afa' cfdf, afh] ah}, 5f]/f 5f]/L
jf ;f;" ;;"/fsf] d[To' ePdf jf k'?if sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf lghsf]
kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf !% lbg lsl/of ljbf kfpg]5 . dlxNff
sd{rf/Lsf] kltNf] lsl/of j:g' k/]df Ilgh dlxnf sd{rf/LNffO{
klg TolQg} lbg lsl/of ljbf lbOg]5 .
-@_ lsl/of ljbfdf a:bf sd{rf/Ln] k'/f tna kfpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljbf lng] sd{rf/Ln] ljbf kl5
sfof{nodf xlfh/ ePsf] ! dlxgf leq d[t JolQmsf] d[To'
btf{sf] k|df0fkq tyf d[t JolQm ;+usf] gftf k|dfl0ft kq
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z
gug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghsf] cGo
ljbfaf6 sl§ ul/g]5 .
*=!) c;fwf/0f ljbfM -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{{ c;fwf/0f ljbf cfjZos k/]df
;f]sf] sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / sf/0f dgfl;j
b]lvPdfD;ldltNf] Ps k6sdf Ps jif{df gj9fO{ ;]jf cjlwe/df
tLg jif{df gj9fO{ c;fwf/0f ljbf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ kfFr jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]sf] s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf]
c;fwf/0f ljbf kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ c;fwf/0f ljbf j;]sf] cjlwdf sd{rf/Lsf] cGo s'g}
k|sf/sf] ljbf kfSg] 5}g / c;fwf/0f ljbf j;]sf] cjlw
;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gul/g'sf ;fy} tNfj eQf klg kfpg]
5}g .
‡
I
;f]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
D
bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
68
5
-#s_ :jb]zL jf j}b]lzs s'g} ;+:yfdf Jofj;flos sfd ug{sf
nflu s'g} sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j:g kg]{ ePdf
pQm sfd ug{ hfg] ;+:yfdf lgj]bg lbg'k"j{ ;Da4
sd{rf/Ln] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f v'nfO{ cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{no
dfkm{t dxflgb]{zs ;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ ljefuLo :jLs[t
k|fKt ug'{kg]{5 .
5
-#v_ pk lgod -#s_ adf]lhd ljefuLo :jLs[t k|fKt u/]sf
sd{rf/Lx? dWo] pknJw hgzlQm / sfdsf] ef/
;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k|To]s jif{sf nflu ;ldltn] tf]s]s f]
;+Vofsf] cfwf/df dfq sd{rf/Lsf] c;fwf/0f ljbf l:js[tL
ug]{5 .
k
-$_ k|flws/0fnfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] ljifodf
sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lnO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfdf
;]jf ug{ / ;]jf kZrft k'gM k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t
/xg] saf]nsf ;fy lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf sd{rf/Ln] o;
lgodfjnL adf]lhd kfpg] c;fwf/0f ljbfaf6 s§f x'g]
u/L ;ldltn] To:tf] ;]jf ug{ hfg] cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
*=!! b'3{6gf tyf czQm ljbfM k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf s'g}
sd{rf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L 3fOt] jf cË eË eO{ sfd ug{ ;Ifd
gePsf] cj:yfdf cf}ifwf]krf/sf] nflu d]l8sNf jf]8{sf]
l;kmfl/zdf a9Ldf Ps ;o c:;L lbg;Ddsf] k"/f tNfj eQf
;lxtsf] b'3{6gf tyf czQm ljbf lbOg]5 . o:tf] ljbf lghsf] s'g}
klg ;l~rt ljbfaf6 s§f ul/g] 5}g .
*=!@ cWoog ljbf M
‡-!_
k|flws/0f ;]jfnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf g]kfn
;/sf/ jf k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs 5fqj[lQdf
k|flws/0fsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ v'nf k|lftof]lutf jf cGt/
ljefuLo k|ltof]lutfdf 5flgO{ jf k|flws/0faf6 dgf]gog
5
P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
k
‡
kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg .
69
eO{ cWoog ug{ hfg] sd{rf/Ln] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog
ljbf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
D
-! s_ cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xnfO{ pkof]uL /
cfjZos x'g] s'g} ljifodf :jb]z l:yt s'g} ljZjljBfno
jf To; cGtu{tsf] s'g} cWoog ;+:yfg jf ;+sfoaf6
k|fKt 5fqj[lQ jf sf]6fdf jf k|flws/0fsf] vr{df
cWoogsf] nflu dgf]gog ug{ ;DalGwt
ljefu÷sfof{no÷lgsfon] l;kmfl/; u/L k7fPsf]df
dxflgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t ePdf To:tf sd{Rff/LnfO{ ;f]
cWoog cjlwe/ ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
D
-! v_ cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf]nflu pkof]uL /
cfjZos x'g] ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn gful/s
p•og k|flws/0f ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6
5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ u/L k|flws/0fsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf
tfnLddf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gog u/L cWoogsf]nflu
cWoog ljbf / tfnLdsf] nflu tfnLd sfh lbg
;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cWoog ljbf :jLs[t ubf{ Ps}
k6s tLg jif{sf] :jLs[t ul/g]5}g . lgh sd{rf/Lsf]
cWoog k|ult ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df yk cWoog ljbf
:jLs[t ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df pNNf]v ePb]lv afx]s s'g} sd{rf/LNf]
k|flws/0fnfO{ pkof]uL x'g] ljifodf pRr cWoogsf] nflu
cWoog ljbf dfu u/]df To;/L cWoog ug{ rfx]sf] ljifo
k|flws/0fnfO{ pkof]uL x'g] b]lvPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{{
j9Ldf tLg jif{sf] nflu j]tNfjL cWoog ljbf lbg
;lsg]5 .
D
kGw|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
70
5
-#s_ k|flws/0fsf] nflu pkof]uL x'g] ljifodf cWoog ug{sf
nflu ;DjlGwt ljZjljBfno tyf lzIf0f ;+:yfdf lgj]bg
lbg' k"j{ ;Da4 sd{rf/Ln] ;a} ljj/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bg lbO{
clgjfo{ ?kdf ljefuLo :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

-$_ tLg jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gePsf] / k}tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f
ePsf s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog ljbf lbOg] 5}g .
*=!# ;§f ljbfM i-!_;DjlGwt sfof{Nfo k|d'vNf] dxflgb]{zssf] :jLsl[t
lnO{ dftxtsf Operation Shift Duty-ck/]zg l;k\m6_df j:g]
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ljbf / /f]i6/ ljbfsf lbgdf ;d]t
cfjZostf cg';f/ sfddf nufpg ;Sg] 5 .
j
-@_ pk lgod -!_ adf]lhd sfd u/] jfktsf] ;§f ljbf ;f]xL
jif{leq lnO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 . olb ;§f ljbf pkef]u ug{
gkfPdf ;f] jfktsf] kfl/>lds j9Ldf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf]
æ?krxQx/ lbgÆ;Ddsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd lbg
;lsg]5 .
t/ bz} ltxf/sf] ;fj{hlgs ljbfdf sfd u/]
jfktsf] kfl/>lds o;df u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ ljdfg:yn ;+rfngdf ;+nUg x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]i6/ ljbf,
sfo{ ;do, ;fj{hlgs ljbf / cltl/Qm ;dodf sfd
u/]sf] ;'ljwf ;DjGwL Joj:yf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]
jdf]lhd x'g]5 .
*=!$ ljbf kl/0ft gx'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sd{rf/LNf] h'g ljbf lnO{
j;]sf] xf] ;f]xL ljbf g} pkef]u ug'{ kg]{5 . Ps lsl;dsf] ljbf
:jLs[t ePsf]df To:tf] ljbf kl5 lsl/of ljbf jf k|;"tL ljbf
jfx]s csf]{ lsl;dsf] ljbfdf kl/0ft ul/g] 5}g .
*=!% ljbf dfu ug]{ ljlwM ljbfsf] lgsf;fsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{
rflxPsf] ljbfsf] cjlw, sf/0f / ljb]z hfg'kg]{ ePdf ;f] ;d]t
5
P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
i
j
?
gjf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
71
vf]NfL cg';"rL—!@ df tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf ljbf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L
;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . / ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] klg ljbf
:jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{{ lbg'kg]{5 . k"j{
:jLs[lt lng' cufj} ljbf j:g' kg]{ sf/0f :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{
lrQ j'em]df dfq lgj]bgsf] ldlt eGbf cufl8sf] ljbf :jLs[t ug{
;Sg]5 .
*=!^ ljbf lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/LM -!_ c;fwf/0f ljbf / cWoog ljbf
;ldltn] :jLs[t ug]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt ljbf jfx]s cGo ljbf :jLs[t
ug]{ clwsf/ dxflgb]{zs jf lghn]] tf]s]sf] clwsf/LnfO{
x'g]5 .

*=!& ;fj{hlgs labfdf ufleg] M sd{rf/Ln] 3/labf, la/fdL labf, e}kl/
cfpg] / kj{ labf afx]s cGo labf ln+bf labfsf] cjlwsf] aLrdf
;fj{hlgs labf k/]df pQm ;fj{hlgs labf klg lghn]
lng]÷lnPsf] ;f]xL labfdf ufleg]5 . ;f] labf af+sL gePdf lng
kfpg] c? labfdf a;]sf] dflgg]5 .
*=!* k]ZsL ljbf glbOg]M lj/fdL ljbf afx]s cGo s'g} klg ljbf
k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lbOg] 5}g .
*=!( ljbfsf] clen]vM ljbf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] dftxtdf sfd ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] ljbfsf] clen]v /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .
*=@) ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xff]OgM -!_ ljbf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]Og,
;x'lnot dfq xf] . ljbfsf] lgsfzf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf]
:jljj]sn] ;]jfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljbf k"0f{ jf cflz+s ?kdf
:jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|;"lt ljbf, lsl/of ljbf, …la/fdL labf, b'3{6gf jf
czQm labfÚ / cWoog ljbf j;]sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s
:jLs[t eO{ ;s]sf cGo ljbf ;]jfsf] cfjZostf cg';f/
/2 u/L sd{rf/LnfO{{ k|flws/0fdf sfddf lkmtf{ jf]nfpg
;lsg]5 .

72
kl/R5]b – (
tnj, eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf
(=! ksfPsf] tnj eQf kfpg] M -!_sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf e'Qmfg

ePkl5 tnj eQf kfpg]5 . To;/L ksfPsf] tnj eQf lgh
h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]df klg kfpg]5 .
-@_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbdf jxfnL u/]sf] lbgb]lv tnj eQf
kfpg]5 .
-#_ lgod !#=! sf] v08 -v_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s clGtd
tnjj[l4 gk'u];Dd k|To]s j[l4 kfpg]5 .
(=@ tnj dfgM -!_ sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tnj :s]n cg';'rL–!# adf]lhd
x'g]5 . k|flws/0fdf lgo'lQm kfPsf] / j9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm
kfPsf] jf j9'jf ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ k'/f ul/;s] kl5 tnjdf
yk Ps tnj j[l4 -u|]8_ kfpg]5 .
-@_ dflyNnf]] tnjdfgsf] s'g} kbdf j9'jf kfpg] sd{rf/Ln]
pQm tnjdfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tnj kfpg]5 . t/ lghn]
xfn kfO/x]sf] tnj pQm dflyNnf]] tnjdfgsf] Go"gtd
tnj j/fj/ jf ;f] eGbf clws ePdf pQm dflyNnf]]
tnjdfgdf lghsf] tnj tf]Sbf b]xfo adf]lhd u/L
tf]lsg]5 .
-s_ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tnj dflyNnf]] tnjdfgsf]
z'? tnj j/fj/ dfq ePdf ;f] tnjdf Ps
tnj j[l4 yk u/L tf]lsg]5 .
-v_ ;fljs kbdf kfO/x]sf] tnj j9'jf ePsf] kbsf]
z'? tnjeGbf j9L ePsf] cj:yfdf dflyNnf]]
kbsf] tnj tf]Sbf xfn kfO/x]sf] tnjdf gk'u
;Ddsf] tnj j[l4 yk u/L dflyNnf]] kbsf] Ps
tnj j[l4 ;d]t lbOg]5 .
73
k
-u_
ljz]if a9'jf x'g] sfof{no ;xof]uL tyf ;jf/L
rfnsx¿n] ;fljs tx / :t/df vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
tnadfgdf g36\g] u/L ;ldltn] gof+ tnjdfg
lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-#_ lgod ^=# sf] pklgod -^_ adf]lhd kb ldnfg ePsf
sd{rf/Ln] of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldlt b]lv nfu" x'g]
u/L ldnfg ePsf] kb adf]lhdsf] tnjdfg\ kfpg]5g .
D
-$_ g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f k|wfg sfof{no / cGtu{t
lgsfo÷sfof{nox?df sfo{/t :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
k|flws/0f k|wfg sfof{nosf] k|zf;g ljefuaf6 tnjL
k|ltj]bg kf; gu/fO{ tnj v'jfpg' x'b}g .
D
-%_ s;}n] pklgod -$_ jdf]lhd tnjL k|ltj]bg kf; gu/L
tnj v'jfPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To;/L tnj v'jfpg]
kbflwsf/Laf6 To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] tnj eQf / cGo
;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
(=# lgnDjg ePdf kfpg] tnjM -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf]
;DjGwdf jf k|flws/0faf6 ePsf] sf/jfxLsf] kmn:j?k lgnDjg
ePdf ;f] lgnDjgsf] cjlwe/ lghn] cfˆgf] tnjsf] cfwf dfq
tnj eQf kfpg]5 . t/ nfu]sf] cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn]
;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDjg cjlwdf kfPsf] cfwf tnj -tnj j[l4 x'g]
ePdf_ ;f] ;d]t kfpg]5 . / lghn] lgodfg';f/ ;+lrt x'g] ljbf
;d]t kfpg]5 . s;"/bf/ 7xl/Pdf lgnDjg ePsf] ldlt b]lvsf]
jfFsL tnj eQf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} sd{rf/L pklgod -!_ df plNnlvt sf/0f jfx]s
cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 lgnDjg /xg uPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn]
To;/L lgnDjg /x]sf] cjlwsf] tnj eQf kfpg] 5}g .
k

;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
D
bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
74
(=$ ;]jfdf k'gM sfod ePkl5 k"/f tn nj eQf kfpg]M s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf jvf{:t ug]{ lg0f{o /2 eO{ lgh ;]jfdf k'gM
sfod ePdf ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] jf jvf{:t ul/Psf] ldltb]lv k'gM
sfod ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] k"/f tNfj eQf / tNfj j[l4 kfpg] eP
tNfj j[l4 ;d]t lghNf] kfpg]5 .
(=% eQfM sd{rf/LNf] cg';"rL–!# df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf b]xfosf
eQfx? kfpg]5g\ .
s_ cfjf; eQf
v_ :6]zg eQf
u_ vfhf eQf
3_ Nf]vf tyf :6f]/ eQf
ª_ jflif{s kf]zfs eQf
a
r_ kl/jxg -6«fG;kf]6]{zg_ eQf .
(=^ sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg]M :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?sf]
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] dfl;s tNfjaf6 bz k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s§f
u/L ;f] /sddf k|flws/0fN]f zt\k|ltzt /sd yk u/L sd{rf/L
;+rosf]ifdf hDdf ug]{5 .
)
(=& rf88kj{ vr{M -!_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt,
k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfOg] rf8kj{sf] nflu sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf]
Ps dlxgfsf] tnj a/fj/sf] /sd k|To]s cfly{s jif{df rf8kj{
vr{sf] ?kdf kfpg]5 .
-@_ gofF lgo'lQm kfO{ k|flws/0fdf tLg dlxgf ;]jf cjlw
gk'u]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ rf8kj{ vr{ lbOg] 5}g .
-#_ Ps cfly{s jif{ leq slDtdf 5 dlxgf cg'kl:yt x'g] u/L
c;fwf/0f ljbf jf a]tnjL cWoog ljbfdf j;]sf
sd{rf/Ln] Tof] cfly{s jif{sf] rf8kj{ vr{ kfpg] 5}g.
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ rf8kj{ vr{ e'QmfgL lbO{ ;s]sf] /x]5
eg] klg e'QmfgL lbOPsf] ;f] /sd lghn] kfpg]
tnjeQfaf6 c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
a
cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
)
75
(=* pkrf/ vr{ Mi-!_ sd{rf/LNf] ;]jf cjlwe/df bz, P3f/ / afx|
txsfNf] !$ dlxgf j/fj/sf], 5, ;ft, cf7 / gf} txsfNf] !%
dxLgf a/fj/sf], kf+r txsfNf] @! dxLgf a/fj/sf] / cGo ;xfos
:t/sf] sd{rf/L eP @$ dxLgf a/fj/sf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tNfj
/sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{ jfkt kfpg]5 .
:
-!s_ gofF lgo'lQm eO{ k|flws/0fdf Ps jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw gk'Ub}
h'g;'s} lsl;dn] ;]jfaf6 cnu ePsf sd{rf/LnfO{
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] pkrf/ vr{ lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o lj/fdL ePdf
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] /sddf gj9\g] u/L b]xfo
adf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{ lbOg]5 .
-s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sNf] hfFr
ubf{ Nffu]sf] z'Ns tyf hfFr u/L Nf]lvlbPsf]
k|]l:qmKzg cg';f/ cf}iflw lsg]sf] vr{,
-v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ x'Fbf / pkrf/ u/fpFbf
nfu]sf]] aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{,
-u_ c:ktfNf / :jLs[t lrlsT;s klg gePsf] 7fpFdf
ePsf] pkrf/df ljefuLo k|d'v jfx]s cGo
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ljefuLo k|d'vNf] / ljefuLo
k|d'vsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zsNf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf]
vr{,
:kli6s/0fM
:jLs[t lrlsT;s eGgfNf] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf
jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd lrlsT;ssf] ?kdf
btf{ ePsf 8fS6/, slj/fh, x]Ny cl;:6]06 jf
j}B ;d]tNffO{ hgfpF5 .
-3_ KNffli6s ;h{/L afx]s ;a} lsl;dsf] lr/kmf/ -
;lh{sNf ck/]zg_ ubf{ Nffu]sf] lan adf]lhdsf]
vr{,
i
:
76
-ª_ cfˆgf] 3/ jf 8]/f 5f8L csf]{ lhNNff jf ljb]zdf
uO{ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fpbf To:tf] :yfg;Dd
k'Ubfsf] / kms{bfsf] lj/fdLsf] / s'?jf rflxg]
cj:yf eP Pshgf s'?jf ;Ddsf] oftfoft
vr{sf] k'/} /sd / vfgf vr{ jfkt ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LNf] lgod adf]lhd kfpg] b}lgs eQfsf]
krxQ/ k|ltzt /sd .
-#_ o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ s'g} sd{rf/LNf]
k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lng rfx]df ;f] sf] sf/0f d'gfl;j b]lvP
o; lgodsf] clwgdf /xL kl5 lx;fj j'emfpg] u/L k]ZsL
lbg ;lsg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf]] /sd kl5 lx;fj ubf{
pkrf/ jfkt kfpg] /sd eGbf a9L x'g cfPdf a9L eP
hlt /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tNfjaf6 ls:tfjGbLdf
s§L ul/g]5 . To;/L s§L ug'{kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL gx'Fb}
;DjlGwt sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To'
ePdf s§L ug{ afFsL /x]sf] /sdf ldGxf x'g]5 .
-$_ em'Ýf Aoxf]/f k]z u/L o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{
dfu ug]{ jf k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/L Nfufot To:tf] e'mÝf
Aoxf]/f k|dfl0ft ug{ :jLs[t lrlsT;s -sd{rf/L ePdf_
pk/ sf/jfxL x'g ;Sg]5 .
i
-%_ s'g} sd{rf/L c:yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t /xFbf cf}iflw pkrf/
vr{ lnPsf] /x]5 / lgh k|flws/0fsf] s'g} :yfoL kbdf
lgo'lQm ePsf] eP lghNf] c:yfoL xF'bf lnPsf] cf}iflw
pkrf/ vr{ ;d]t lgod (=* sf] pk—lgod -!_ sf]
k|of]hgsf] Nfflu u0fgf ul/g]5 .
t/ c:yfoL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu x'Fbf eg] o;
lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ kfpg] 5}g .
-^_ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L
;]jfaf6 jvf{:t ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s c? h'g;'s}
i
77
Aoxf]/faf6 sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cNfu x'Fbf o; lgod
adf]lhd ;]jf cjlw e/df kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ dWo] s]xL
lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng AffFFsL /x]sf] eP To:tf]
afFsL /sd Psd'i6 lNfg kfpg]5 .
t/ lgj[Qe/0fU…jf pkbfgÚkfpg] u/L ;]jfaf6
cNfu ePsf] sd{rf/LNf] pkrf/ vr{ jfkt lng afFsL
/sddf aL; jif{, kRrL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw
ePsf] sd{rf/LNf] qmdz M bz, kGw| / aL; k|ltzt yk
u/L x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 .
-&_ bz jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{{ cf}iflw
pkrf/sf] Nfflu vr{ lb+bf o; lgoddf tf]lsPsf] /sdNffO{
bz jif{ ;]jf u/] jfkt kfpg] /sd dfgL bfdf;flxn] x'g
cfpg] /sd dfq lbOg]5 .
-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ sd{rf/LNf]
sfof{Nfodf xflh/ x'g g;Sg] u/L lj/fdL ePsf] cj:yfdf
lj/fdL ljbf afFsL eP;Dd lj/fdL ljbf g} dfu ug'{kg]{5 .
lj/fdL ljbf afFsL geP dfq cGo ljbf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
j
-(_ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|To]s jif{ lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] b'O{
dlxgfsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd k"m6s/ pkrf/ vr{ jfkt
lbO{g]5 .
:
t/ gofF lgo'lQm eO{ k|flws/0fdf Ps jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw
gk'lu h'g;'s} k|lqmofaf6 klg cjsfz k|fKt ug]{
sd{rf/LnfO{ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] k'm6s/ pkrf/ vr{
lbOg] 5}g . To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k'm6s/ pkrf/ vr{
e'QmfgL lbO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] klg e'QmfgL lbOPsf] ;f]
/sd c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
U
jfx|f}+ ;|+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
j
:
78
i
-!)_ o; lgod adf]lhd sd{rf/LNf] kfPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf]
cleN]fv vr{ n]Vg] sfof{NfoNf] /fvL To:tf] ljj/0f
k|flws/0fsf] k|wfg sfof{Nfodf cleNf]v /fVg k7fpg'
kg]{5 .
-!!_ ;fwg ljxLg b'u{d lhNNffdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LNffO{{ Nffu]sf]
/f]u :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pkrf/ x'g g;Sg] eO{
lghsf] HofgNffO{ g} hf]lvd x'g] cj:yf k/]df
dxflgb]{zssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/sf]
Nfflu To; 7fpFaf6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] g]kfNf
clw/fHoleqsf] c? s'g} ;'ljwfo'Qm :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf l56f]
;fwg4f/f Nf}hfFbf / ToxfFaf6 kmsf{pFbf NffUg] vr{
k|flws/0fNf] Aoxf]g]{5 .
D
-!@_ g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf aL;jif{ jf ;f]
eGbf a9L cjlw ;]jf u/L lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] u/L;]jf
lgj[Q ePsfsd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] dfq
kfpg] / ltgsf ;GttLn] ;f] ;'ljwf gkfpg] u/L jflif{s
?= #%)).– -tLg xhf/ kfFr ;odfq_ cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{
pknJw u/fOg]5 .
(=!) ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/ u/fpg' kbf{ M j-!_ s'g} :yfoL
sd{rf/LnfO{ s8f /f]u nflu :jb]z jf ljb]zdf pkrf/
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t d]l8sn af]8{n] u/]sf]
l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df lgod (=* sf] pklgod-!_ adf]lhd
kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df ;+rfns ;ldltn] pkrf/ ubf{ nfu]sf]
/sdsf] lan adf]lhdsf] vr{df a9Ldf kfFrnfv
?k}of+;Dd yk cfly{s ;xfotf /sd pknJw u/fpg
;Sg]5M–
i
D
j
79
-s_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;ldltsf]
Pshgf ;b:o cWoIf
-v_ dxflgb]{zs jf dxflgb]{zsn]
tf]s]sf] pkdxflgb]{zs ;b:o
-u_ lgb]{zs, cy{ ljefu ;b:o
-3_ lgb]{zs, k|zf;g ljefu ;b:o
-ª_ dxflgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] Pshgf
lrlsT;s ;b:o
-r_ k|flws/0fsf] cflwsf/Ls sd{rf/L
o"lgogsf k|ltlglw ;b:o
:ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s8f
/f]u eGgfn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] d]l8sn
af]8{n] s8f /f]u egL tf]s]sf] /f]unfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ pk lgod -!_ adf]lhd yk cfly{s—;xfotf kfpgsf]
Nfflu lj/fdL sd{rf/LNf] cfˆgf] /f]usf] cfkm"Nf] hfg];Ddsf]
ljj/0f / g]kfNfdf pkrf/ u/fpFbf lgsf] x'g g;Sg] ;a}
cj:yf vf]NfL cfˆgf] ljefuLo k|d'v ;dIf lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg pklgod -!_
adf]lhd ;ldltdf k]z ug{ ;DjlGwt ljefuLo k|d'vNf]
cfˆgf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt \k|wfg sfof{Nfosf] k|zf;g
ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ lgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOg] cfly{s ;xfotf k]ZsLsf] ?kdf
lbOg]5 / pkrf/ u/fO{ kmsL{ cfPkl5 sfof{Nfodf xflh/
ePsf] k}tL; lbg leq lan ekf{O{ / afFsL /sd ;d]t
j'emfO{ km5\of}+6 ug'{kg]{5 . t/ To;/L cfly{s ;xfotf
k]ZsL lng]] sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/ x'Fbfx'Fb} d'To' eP pQm
k]ZsL ldgfxf x'g]5 .
\
bf]>f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
80

(=!! lhjg ;'/If0f /sd M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf :yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgod !)=@ adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz jf pd]/sf]
xbaf6 jf ;]jf cjwLsf] sf/0f cjsfz x'Fbf jf ;]jfdf 5b} d[To'
ePdf b]xfosf txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g
cfpg] /sd lhjg ;'/If0f jfkt e'QmfgL ul/g]5 .
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] txM lhjg ;'/If0fjfkt kfpg] /sd
-s_ ! tx b]lv % tx;Dd U#) -tL;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'?
tNfjNf] x'gcfpg] /sd .
-v_ ^ txb]lv ( tx;Dd U@%-klRr;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'?
tNfjN]f x'g cfpg] /sd .
-u_ !) / !! txdf U
@$ -rf}lj;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'?
tNfjNf] x'g cfpg] /sd .
U
-3_ !@ txsf nflu @# -t]O{;_ dlxgf j/fj/sf] z'?
tNfjNf] x'g cfpg] /sd .
-@_ eljiodf ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L jf sfg"g
adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 s'g} ;'ljwf gkfpg] u/L x6fOPsf]
cj:yfdf pk lgod-!_ adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pklgod -@_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} sd{rf/L aLrdf
;]jfaf6 cjsf; ePdf pk lgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lhjg
;'/If0f /sd lgh sd{rf/Lsf] s"Nf gf]s/L cjlwe/df
kfpg] /sd dfgL pd]/sf lx;fjNf] lghsf] afFsL /x]sf]
;]jf cjlw s6fO{ bfdf;flxNf] x'g cfpg] /sd dfq
kfpg]5 .
:
t/ :yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ k'/f ge}
h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 x6]df o; lgod adf]lhd
kfpg] hLjg ;'/If0f /sd kfpg] 5}g .

rf}yf] ;+zf]wg åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
U
afx|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
:
81
-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ df n]lvP adf]lhdsf] Aoj:yf ldlt
@)^#÷(÷!$ kl5 k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz jf d[To'
ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf dfq nfu' x'g]5 .
D
(=!!s ljz]if cfly{s ;'ljwfM s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5b} d[To' ePdf
lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ bfx;+:sf/ tyf lsl/of vr{ jfkt Psd'i7 ?=
!,%),))).– -Ps nfv krf; xhf/_ lbOg]5 .
(=!@ dxflggb]{zssf] tNfj eQf Pj+ cGo ;'ljwfM— dxflgb]{zssf] tNfj
eQf / cGo ;'ljwf cg';"rL—!# df pNNf]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

(=!# cGo ;'ljwfM -!_ ;]jflgj[Q sf]if M ;]jflgj[Q x'g] sd{rf/Lx?N]f
kfpg] ;'ljwfx?sf] Nfflu Ps ;]jflgj[Q sf]if /xg]5 . pQm sf]ifdf
;ldltaf6 jflif{s ljlgof]lht /sd tyf P]gsf] bkmf -#@_ adf]lhd
k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft sd{rf/Lx?Nf] lgod !$=! sf] pk—lgod -$_
adf]lhd g]kfNf ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ug]{ /sd hDdf x'g]5 . pQm
sf]ifaf6 cjsfz k|fKt sd{rf/Lx?Nf] kfpg] pkbfg, k]G;g, cf}iflw
pkrf/ tyf cGo ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd vr{ Nf]lvg]5 .
-@_ sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L sf]if M -!_ k|flws/0fNf] sd{rf/Lx?sf]
lxtNffO{ Wofgdf /fvL Ps sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf]
:yfkgf ug]{5 . ;ldltN]f lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd Psd'i6 /sd
tyf cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd ;d]t ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf
x'g]5 . pQm sf]ifsf] ;+rfNfg / Joj:yfkg ;ldltN]f
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cGo ;'ljwfx? cg';"rL !#
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] cGo yk ;'ljwfx? ;+rfNfs
;ldltNf] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
D

bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
82
kl/R5]b — !)
cjsfz, pkbfg tyf lgj[lQe/0f
!)=! clgjfo{ cjsfzMM -!_ ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/

cG7fpGg jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ;]jf af6 cjsfz lbO{g]5 .

-@_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ;]jfdf
k|j]z ubf{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|df0fkqdf
lsl6Psf] hGdlbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGdlbg jf jif{af6
x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf lghn] e/]sf] j}olQms gf]s/L ljj/0f
-l;6/f]n_ df n]vL lbPsf] hGd ldlt jf jif{af6 x'g
cfPsf] pd]/dWo] h'g pd]/af6 lgh klxn] cjsfz x'G5
;f]xL cfwf/df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-#_ jif{ jf ;+jt\ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df
hGd ldlt sfod ubf{ b]xfo jdf]lhd sfod ul/g]5M–
-s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq k|fKt
u/]sf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] xsdf k|df0fkq
hf/L ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf z'? egf{ ePsf] ldltsf]
cfwf/df .
-$_ s'g} k|df0fkqdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{
k|df0fkqdf k"/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf] /x]5 tyf To:tf]
k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGd ldltx?sf] jLrdf Ps
jif{;Ddsf] cGt/ b]lvPdf k"/f v'n]sf] hGd ldltnfO{
cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
t/ o;/L 5'§f 5'§} k|df0fkqf pNn]v ePsf] hGd
ldltsf] cGt/ Ps jif{ eGbf j9L ePdf jif{ dfq pNn]v

83
ePsf] k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df pklgod -#_ jdf]lhd hGd
ldlt sfod ul/g]5 .
!)=@ :j]lR5s cjsfz M j-!_ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|s[of adf]lhd
aL; aif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sf] sd{rf/Ln] :j]R5fn] ;]jfaf6
cjsfz lng rfx]df clws[t txsf] sd{rf/Ln] dxflgb]{zs dfk{mt
;ldlt ;dIf / ;xfos sd{rf/Ln] dxflgb]{zs ;dIf ;f] s'/fsf]
lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :j]R5fNf]] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng s'g}
sd{rf/Lsf] lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf clws[t txsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf ;ldltNf] / ;xfos txsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf
dxflgb]{zsNf]] k|flws/0fdf ljBdfg hgzlQmsf] l:ylt
;d]tNffO{ ljrf/ u/L cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cjsfz x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{{ lbOg] yk
;'ljwf ;ldltNf] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
i
-$_ o; lgoddf h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf]] ePtf klg jL; jif{
:yfoL ;]jf cjlw k'/f u/]sf / %) jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf
k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?NffO{ yk ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] :j]lR5s
cjsfz lbg] ;DjGwdf cfjZos gLlt Pj+ k|lqmof
lgwf{/0f, ;"rgf k|sfzg / To:tf] sd{rf/LNf] kfpg] ;'ljwf
cflbsf] Aoj:yf ;ldltNf]] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k
-%_ ;Djt @)$( ;fn sflt{s @! ut] eGbf cl3 b]lv ;]jfdf
jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/Ln] #) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f ul/;s]sf]
eP :j]R5fn] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 . o;/L
:j]R5fn] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng] sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ^) jif{
k"/f x'g hlt cjlw afFsL 5 ;f] cjlw yk u/L lghsf]
hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 . lgh sd{rf/Ln] tnj
j
i

k
84
j[l4 -u|]8_ kfpg jfFls /x]sf] eP hlt ;]jf cjlw yk
ul/Psf] xf] ;f] cjlwdf lghn] lgodfg';f/ kfpg] tnj
j[l4 -u|]8_ ;d]t yk u/L lghn] kfpg] ;'ljwfsf] u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
!)=# /fhLgfdfåff/f cjsfz M -!_ ==========s'g} sd{rf/LNf] ;]jfaf6
cjsfz lng rfx]df clws[t txsf] eP dxflgb]{zs dfkm{t ;ldlt
;dIf / ;xfos txsf] eP dxflgb]{zs ;dIf /fhLgfdf lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cjsfz lng rfxg] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf]
/fhLgfdf k|fKt x'g cfPdf /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug]{
clwsf/LNf]] k|flws/0fdf ljBdfg hgzlQmsf] l:yltNffO{
;d]t ljrf/ u/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug{ pko'Qm b]v]df
:jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L /fhLgfdf :jLs[t u/]sf]
hfgsf/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefuNf] ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{
lbg]5 .
!)=$ /fhLgfddf :jLs[t gx'g] cj:yf Mlgod !)=@ / !)=# adf]lhd s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{{ :j]lR5s cjsfz lng cg'dlt lbg' cl3 jf /fhLgfdf
:jLs[t ug'{ cl3 To:tf] sd{rf/LNf]] k|flws/0fsf] tkm{af6 tfNfLd
tyf cWoogdf uP guPsf] / uPsf]df ;f] ;DjGwdf s'g}
sj"lnot u/] gu/]sf] / ;f] sj'lnot adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f
u/] gu/]sf] ;d]t ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 . cWoog jf tfNfLddf hfFbf
u/]sf] sj"lnot adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] ;]jf u/]sf] /x]g5 eg]
To:tf] sd{rf/LNffO{ :j]lR5s cjsfz lNfg] cg'dlt lbg /
/fhLgfdf :jLs[t ug'{ x'Fb}g . :jLs[t u/]df :jLs[t ug]{
clwsf/Laf6 tfNfLd tyf cWoogdf Nffu]sf] vr{ ;/sf/L afFsL
;/x c;"Nf pk/ ul/g]5 .

bf]>|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f x6fOPsf] .
85
k
!)=$s c;dy{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf ljz]if Joj:yfM k|flws/0fsf] s'g}
sd{rf/L zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]usf] sf/0faf6 lgoldt ?kdf ;]jf
ug{ c;dy{ 5 egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] d]l8sn af]8{af6
k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPdf k|flws/0fn] lghnfO{ lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf
al9df ;ft jif{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 .
!)=% pkbfgMM -!_lgod !#=! adf]lhd eljiodf ;]jfsf] Nfflu cof]Uo
7xl/g] u/L avf{:t x'g] u/L ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf]df afx]s
k|flws/0fdf ;]jf u/]sf] sd{rf/L h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6
cjsfz k|fKTf u/]sf] ePtfklg b]xfosf] b/Nf] pkbfg lbOg]5 .
-s_ kfFr jif{b]lv dfly bz jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf] sd{rf/LNffO{
lghNf] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ lghNf] vfO{kfO{
cfPsf] cflv/L iPs dlxgfsf] tNfj j/fj/sf] /sd,
-v_ bz jif{ eGbf j9L kGw| jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf] sd{rf/LNffO{{
lghNf] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ lghNf] vfO{kfO{
cfPsf] cflv/L 8]9 dlxgfsf] tNfj j/fj/sf] /sd,
-u_ kGw| jif{ eGbf a9L aL; jif{ eGbf sd cjlw ;]jf u/]sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{{ lghNf] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ
lghNf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] cflv/L b'O{ dlxgfsf] tNfj
j/fj/sf] /sd,
I
-3_ aL; jif{eGbf a9L kRrL; jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf]
sd{rf/LNffO{{ lghn] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ
lghNf] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] cflv/Lic9fO{ dlxgfsf] tNfj
j/fj/sf] /sd .
k
i
bf]>|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
I
86
U
-ª_ klRr; jif{ eGbf j9L ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{
lghn] u/]sf] ;]jfsf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ lghn] vfOkfO
cfPsf] cflv/L tLg dlxgfsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtfklg
k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf jxfNf /xg] p2]ZoNf] gful/stf jf
pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LNffO{ pkbfg lbOg] 5}g .
!)=^ lgj[lQe/0fMM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd g]kfNf ;/sf/sf] ;]jfaf6
:j]R5fNf] k|flws/0f ;]jfdf kl/0ft x'g] sd{rf/Lx?Nf] jL; jif{ jf
;f] eGbf j9L ;do;Dd ;]jf u/]df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lx;fjNf]
dfl;s lgjl[Qe/0f kfpg]5 M
hDdf ;]jf jif{ cflv/L tNfjsf] /sd
%)
t/,
-s_ eljiodf ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L gf]s/Laf6
jvf{:t ul/Psf] sd{rf/LNf] o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg] 5}g .
-v_ ;]jf kfpg] jf ;f] ;]jfdf jxfNf /xg] p2]ZoN]f gful/stf
jf pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LnfO{{ lgj[lQe/0f lbOg] 5}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtf klg
lgj[lQe/0fsf] Go"gtd /sd ;dfg kbsf]
jxfNfjfNff sd{rf/Lsf] tNfjsf] cfwf eGbf sd /
clwstd ;dfg kbsf] jxfNfjfNff sd{rf/Lsf]
tNfjsf] z'? :s]Nf eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ jxfNfjfNff sd{rf/Lsf] tNfjsf] j[l4 x'Fbf tNfjsf]
z'? c+ssf] hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5 ;f] sf] b'O{
ltxfO{Nf] ;dfg kbsf lgj[Q sd{rf/Lx?sf]
lgj[lQe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-$_ ljqmd ;+jt\ @)$( ;fNf sflQs @! ut] cl3
b]lv g]kfNf ;/sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgo'Qm e}
U
jfx|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
87
k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf sd{rf/Lx?Nf]
%* jif{ k"/f u/L lgod !)=! adf]lhd cjsfz
k|fKt u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf lghsf]
pd]/df ^) jif{ k"/f x'g hlt cjlw afFsL 5 ;f]
cjlw ykL hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
k
o;/L yk ul/Psf] ;]jf cjlwdf lgh sd{rf/Ln]
tnj j[l4 -u|]8_ kfpg jfFls eP yk ul/Psf]
;]jf cjlwsf] ;d]t tnj j[l4 -u|]8_ yk u/L
lgod (=* / o; lgod jdf]lhd kfpg] ;'ljwfsf]
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-%_ o; lgodfjNfLdf h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtfklg
of] lgodfjNfL k|f/De ePkl5 gofF lgo'lQm x'g]
sd{rf/LN]f o; lgodfjNfL adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg] 5}g . To:tf sd{rf/LNf] lgod !)=%
adf]lhd pkbfg dfq kfpg]5 .
j
-^_ lgj[lQe/0f k|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ k|To]s jif{ lghn]
kfpg] Ps dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd rf8kj{
vr{sf] ?kdf lbOg]5 .
x
-&_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf
kl/0ft e} g]kfNf ;/sf/sf] ;]jf ;d]t u0fgf ubf{
kGw| jif{ cjlw k'u]sf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf
lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf jl9df kfFr jif{ yk u/L
lghsf] kl/jf/NffO{ lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg h'g
lNfg rfxG5 ;f] /f]h]/ lng lbOg]5 . of]
lgodfjNfL k|f/De x'g' k"j{ P]gsf] bkmf #@
adf]lhd k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft e} ;]jf/t /xFbf s'g}
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghsf] kl/jf/Nf]]
k
j
x
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
88
lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg glnPsf] eP To:tf]
kl/jf/ ;d]tNf] o:tf] ;'ljwf kfpg]5 .
k
!)=^s pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f dWo] s'g} Ps /f]Hg ;Sg]M P]gsf] bkmf #@
adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft eO{ aL; aif{ :yfoL ;]jf
cjlw k"/f u/]sf sd{rf/Lx¿:ællghsf] d[[To' ePdf lghsf]
kl/jf/ÆÆn] lgod !)=% adf]lhdsf] pkbfg jf !)=^ adf]lhdsf]
lgj[lQe/0f dWo] s'g} Ps ;'ljwf /f]Hg kfpg] 5g\ .
t/ g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf
zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%^ adf]lhd pkbfg dfq
kfpg] u/L :yfoL lgo'lQm ePsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kl/jf/sf] xsdf of]
lgod cfslif{t x'g] 5}g .
D
!)=^v yk lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]]M k|flws/0faf6 lgj[lQe/0f lnO/x]sf &) jif{
/ *) jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf ;]jflgj[Q sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghx?n]
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] lgj[lQe/0fdf qmdzM !)Ü / @)Ü pkrf/ vr{
yk u/L lgj[lQe/0f pknJw u/fOg]5 .
D
!)=û ;]jf lgj[Q ;'ljwf kmf/fdM ;]jfaf6 cjsf; eO{ lgodfg';f/
;'ljwf lng cfpg] sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL !^ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L
g]=gf=p=k|f= k|wfg sfof{nodf a'emfO{ ;'ljwf dfu ug{'kg]{5 .
D
!)=^3 pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0fsf nflu ;]]jf cjlw u0fgf x'g]M P]gsf] bkmf
#@ adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf sd{rf/Lx?n] of]
lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf lghn]
k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft x''gk"j{ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf sfd u/]sf] ;]jf
cjlw ;d]t hf]8L lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg k|of]hgfy{ b]xfo ad]flhd
xfnsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g]5 M–
k
:
D
kGw|f+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
89
-s_k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft x'g'k"j{ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
;fwf/0f jf ljsf; tk{msf] kbdf lg/Gt/ u/]sf] c:yfoL
;]jf cjlwsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt ;]jf u0fgf x'g] .
-v_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft x'g'k"j{ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf :yfoL
eO{ sfo{ u/]sf] / k'gM csf]{ ;/sf/L :yfoL ;]jfdf lgo'Qm
ePsf]df klxn]sf] ;]jf ghf]l8Psf] eP To:tf] ;]jf
cjlwsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt u0fgf x'g] .
t/ v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;]jf hf]8\bf klxn]sf] ;]jf jfkt
pkbfg lnO;s]sf] eP lghsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsf; x'Fbf klxn]
lnPsf] pkbfg a/fa/sf] /sd s6fO{ afFsL dfq e'QmfgL
ul/g]5 .
6
!)=^ªª :j3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{M ;]jfaf6 lgj[Q x'g] sd{rf/Ln]] cg';"lr–!* df
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] :j3f]if0ff kmf/fd clgjfo{ ?kdf eg'{kg]{5 .
!)=& kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f / pkbfgMM -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfdf 5Fb}
jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfNf]sf] & jif{ gk'Ub} d[To' ePdf lghsf]
kl/jf/NffO{ jf lghsf] gfjfNfs efO{ jf cljjflxtf lbbL, jlxgLNffO{
lgod !)=% jf !)=^ df Nf]lvP adf]lhd pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f
k|fKt x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf] ePklg lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg] AolQm gfjfNfs /x]5 eg] lgh jflNfu geP;Dd
To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5 .
-#_ sd{rf/Lsf] ljb'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLNf] lghsf] klt jf
kTgL ;]jfdf 5Fb} jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfNf]sf] ;ft jif{
gk'Ub} d[To' eO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfl/jfl/s
lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] ePdf ;f] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] cjlw
e'Qmfg ePsf] ldltb]lv / To:tf] lgj[lQe/0f gkfpg]
ePdf jf lghsf] klt jf kTgLNf]] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg yfNf]sf]
& jif{ Joltt eO{ d[To' ePdf lgh sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf]
6
;f]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
90
ldltb]lv hLjge/ lghNf] kfpg] lgj[lQe/0f /sdsf] cfwf
/sd kfpg] 5 .
k
t/ ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ kltn] csf]{ ljjfx
u/]df o:tf] lgj[lQe/0f ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ jxfNfjfNff sd{rf/Lsf] tNfj j[l4 x'Fbf tNfjsf] z'? c+sdf
hlt j[l4 ePsf] 5, To;sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ /sd pklgo !,@ /
# cg';f/ kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f kfO/x]sf JolQmNf]
vfOkfO{ cfPsf] lgj[lQe/0f /sddf klg yk ul/g]5 .
-%_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] s'g} /sd lng
gkfpFb} d[To' ePdf ;f] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/sf]
;b:ox?dWo] o; lgod adf]lhd lghsf] lgj[lQe/0f jf
pkbfg kfpg] 7xl/Psf] JolQmNf] lng kfpg]5 .
-^_ lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg lb+bf d[t sd{rf/LNf] cfˆgf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o dWo]df jf cfˆgf] gfjfNfs efO{ jf
cljjflxtf lbbL jlxgL s;}NffO{ OR5fPsf] /x]5 eg] ;f]
JolQmNffO{ / s'g} sf/0fN]f ;f] JolQmN]f kfpg g;Sg] cj:yf
ePdf jf s;}NfO{ gOR5\ofOPsf] ePdf ;f] sd{rf/Lsf]
kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo] ;ldltNf]] plrt 7x/fPsf] AolQmNffO{
lbOg]5 .
\
&_ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf b'3{6gfdf k/L To:tf]
b'3{6gfaf6 s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] c+u e+u eO{ sfd ug{ g;Sg]
ePdf jf d[To' ePdf lgh jf lghsf] ;uf]Nfsf ljwjf
kTgL jf ljw'/ klt jf gfjfNfs ;GttL jf ;uf]Nfsf cfdf
jfj'Nf] o; lgodfjNfLsf cGo lgodfg';f/ kfpg] ;'ljwfsf
cltl/Qm Psd'i7 hDdf ?= %),))).— -krf; xhf/_
hLjga[lQ / ;Gtltj[lQsf] ?kdf kfpg]5g\ .
\
*_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] d[To" eO{ lghsf] xsjfNff k]G;g k6[f jf
pkbfg lNfgsf] Nfflu Ps lhNNffaf6 csf]{ lhNNffdf hfg'
k
\
91
k/]df klxNf]] Ps k6ssf] Nfflu lgh d[ts sd{rf/LNf]
;]jfdf 5+bf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tNfj j/fj/sf]
cltl/Qm /sd lghsf] xsjfNffnfO{ af6f] vr{ jfkt
lbOg]5 .
o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu sf7df8f}+
pkTosfNffO{ Pp6} lhNNff dflgg]5 .
D
!)=&s czQm j[lQ ;DjGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sd{rf/L
k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L c+ue+u ePsf]
jf czQm j[lQ nfu]
rf]6k6s ;DjGwL Joj:yf zf/Ll/s
sf] sf/0fn] M jf dfgl;s ?kdf
;]jfsf] nflu czQm ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] hLljsfsf]
lgldQ afFr'Gh]n;Dd czQmj[lQsf] ?kdf pklgod -@_ df
n]lvP adf]lhdsf] lgj[Qe/0f ;lxt pklgod -#_ df n]lvP
adf]lhdsf] czQm eQf kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] sd{rf/L olb
lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yfsf] eP lghn] tTsfn vfOkfO{
cfPsf]-sfod d'sfod e} sfd u/]sf] jf lgod $=( sf]
pklgod -$_ adf]lhd lgldQ e} sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf]
;d]t_ tnan] lgod !)=^ adf]lhd lx;fa u/L x'g cfpg]
/sd a/fa/ czQm lgj[Qe/0fsf ;fy} lghsf] z'? tna
:s]nsf] @) k|ltztsf b/n] dfl;s czQm eQf ;d]t
kfpg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] sd{rf/L olb pkbfg
kfpg] cj:yfsf] eP ;]jf u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf nflu
lghsf] z'? tna :s]nsf] @) k|ltztsf b/n] Psd'i7
czQm eQf kfpg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd rf]6k6s nfUg uO{ pkrf/ u/fpFbf
nfUg] pkrf/ vr{sf] zt k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt
D
92
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o:tf] pkrf/ vr{ kfpg]sf] sf/0fn]
To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 lj/fdL x'Fbf lgod (=* sf]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf
s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
:ki6Lss/0fM czQmj[lQ kfPsf jf kfpg] 7xl/Psf

k|flws/0f sd{rf/Ln] kl5 k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf k'gM k|j]z
kfPdf lghn] of] lgoddf n]lvPsf] czQmj[lQ kfpg]5}g .
t/ vfOkfO{ ;s]]sf] czQm j[lQ jf cltl/Qm cfly{s
;xfotf /sd eg] lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ czQm j[lQ kfpg] 7xl/Psf jf kfO/x]sf] k|flws/0fsf] s'g}
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ;f] czQmj[lQ kfpg z'? ePsf] ldltn]
;ft jif{leq ePdf ;f] ;ft jif{ k"/f x'g afFsL cjlw
afkt kfpg] czQmj[lQ cg'bfgsf] ?kdf Psd'i6 /sd
lgod !)=& sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf
;b:onfO{ lbOg]5 .
-^_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfg cfˆg} uDeL/
nfk/jfxLn] ubf{ c+ue+u ePsf] jf rf]6 k6s nfu]sf]
sf/0fn] czQm ePsf]df eg] o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf
kfpg]5}g .
D
!)=&v z}lIfs tyf ;GttL j[lQM -!_ k|flws/0fsf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf]
k|flws/0fs} sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To" ePdf jf
;f]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ cfhLjg sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] d[t
jf czQm sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/
gk'u'Gh]n b]xfosf] b/n] jflif{s z}lIfs j[lQ lbOg]5 M–
-s_ clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ b'O{ xhf/ rf/;o
?k}ofF,
-v_ ;xfos:t/ / >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GttLnfO{ Ps
xhf/ cf7;o ?k}ofF .
D
93
-@_ k|flws/0fsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf d[To' ePsf] k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs j[lQ nufot
d[t sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] kbsf] z'? tna :s]nsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
k|ltztsf b/n] dfl;s ;Gtlt j[lQ ;d]t lbOg]5 M–
sd{rf/LLsf] kb tyf tx z'? tnasf] k|ltzt

-s_ dxflgb]{zs / afx|f}+ tx –&
-v_ bzf}+ / P3f/f}+ tx –*
-u_ cf7f}+ / gjf}+ tx –!)
-3_ 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+ –!@
-ª_ kfFrf}+ tx –!@
-r_ t]>f] / rf}yf] tx –!@
-em_ klxnf] / bf]>f] tx –!%
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] j[lQ ;DalGwt ;Gtltn] c7f/ jif{
pd]/ k"/f gu/];Dd kfpg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;GtltÆ eGgfn]
;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L ;Demg' k5{ .
!)=* j]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[lQe/0f / pkbfg M-!_ ;]jfdf /xL
sfd u/]sf] s'g} sd{rf/L x/fO{ j]kQf eO{ % jif{ d/] afFr]sf] kQf
gNffu]df To:tf] sd{rf/LNffO{{ o; lgodsf] !)=^ jf !)=& adf]lhd
pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/NffO{ lbOg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtf klg bkmf
!)=& adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f lNfg kfpg] JolQm lgj[lQe/0f
lng gkfpFb} j]kQf ePdf ;ft jif{;Dd / lgj[lQe/0f
kfpg yfNf]kl5 j]kQf ePdf ;ft jif{ k'Ug afFsL
cjlw;Dd lghsf] kl/jf/NffO{ lgj[lQe/0fsf] k'/} /sd /
;f] cjlw kl5 klt jf kTgLnfO{ cfhLjg lgj[lQe/0fsf]
cfwf /sd kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f lbOg]5 .
-#_ j]kQf ePsf] sd{rf/L kl5 km]Nff k/]df lgod !)=^
adf]lhdsf] pkbfg e'QmfgL lbO g;s]sf] eP ;f] pkbfg
jf lgod !)=& adf]lhd kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd lghn]
bfjL ug{ cfPsf] ldltb]lv lghNffO{ g} lbOg]5 .
94
t/, pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd e'QmfgL
lbO;s]sf] pkbfg lgj[lQe/0f jf kfl/jfl/s lgj[lQe/0f
/sddf kl5 km]Nff k/]sf] AolQmNf]] bfjL ug{ kfpg]5}g .
!)=( kbfjlw ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ afx|f}+ txsf] kbdf 5 jif{
;]jf ul/;s]sf k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LNfffO{ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfaf6
cjsfz lbO{g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] Nfflu ;]jf u/]sf] cjlw u0fgf
ubf{ of] lgodfjNfL k|f/De eP kl5 lgh sd{rf/L pQm
kbdf kb:yfkgf ePsf] ldltNffO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 .
6
!)=!) ;~ro sf]if / gful/s nufgL sf]if s§L u/]sf] /sd afx]s cGo
s'g} ;'ljwf gkfpg] M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgod !#=^ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ePsf]
sd{rf/Ln] lgod (=^ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf] /sd /
gful/s nufgL sf]if s§L u/]sf] /sd afx]s o; lgodfjnL
adf]lhdsf] cGo s'g} klg ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ lgod !#=^s sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0faf6
k|flws/0f ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgLn]
:yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPdf :yfoL
cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] To:tf] k|flws/0f ;]jfsf
sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] lgod (=^ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L
;~ro sf]ifsf] /sd / gful/s nufgL sf]if s§L u/]sf]
/sd jfx]s o; lgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] cGo s'g} klg
;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
6
95
kl/R5]b—!!
cfr/0f
!!=! cg'zf;g / cf1fkfNfg M -!_ sd{rf/LNf]] cg'zf;gdf /xL cfˆgf]
;]jf / kb cg';f/sf] st{Ao O{dfGbf/L / tTk/tfsf] ;fy kfNfg
ug'{kb{5 .
-@_ sd{rf/LNf] k|flws/0fsf] sfd ;DjGwL s'/fdf cfkm"eGbf
dflysf] clws[tNf] lbPsf cf1fNffO{ zL3|tfsf;fy k'/f
ug'{kg]{5 .
-#_ sd{rf/LNf]] cfkm'eGbf dflysf ;a} kbflwsf/Lx? k|lt
plrt cfb/ b]vfpg' kg]{5 / cfkm" d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx? k|lt
plrt Aojxf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=@ sfof{Nfo ;do, ;do kfNfg / lgoldt xflh/LM -!_sd{rf/LNf]]
lgwf{l/t sfof{Nfo ;dodf lgoldt ?kdf sfof{Nfodf pkl:yt eO{
xflh/ hgfpg v8f ul/Psf] xflh/L lstfjdf6jf ljB'tLo
pkl:ylt hgfpg] pks/0fdf xflh/L hgfO{ cfkm'NffO{ ;'lDkPsf]
lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ sd{rf/LNf]] sfof{Nfodf pkl:yt eO{ xflh/L hgfO;s]kl5
cfkm' eGbf dflysf] clws[tsf] cg'dlt glNfO{ sfof{Nfo
;dodf cfkm"NffO{ tf]lsPsf] :yfg 5f]8L cGoq st} hfg
x'Fb}g .
!!=# cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg';f/sf] cfr/0f kfNfgf ug'{kg]{ M k|To]s
sd{rf/LNf]] cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg's"Nfsf] cfr/0f kfNfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=$ k|ltlglwTj ug{df k|ltjGwMsd{rf/LNf] cfkm"NffO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifodf
cfkm}Nf]] jf jf/];4f/f ;DjlGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg afx]s c? AolQm jf ;d'xsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug{' x'Fb}g .
j
!!=% sd{rf/L 6«]8 o'lgog / k]zfut, Joj;foLs tyf ;fdflhs
;+:yfsf] ;b:otfM -!_ sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL
6
;f]x|f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg .
j
96
6«]8 o'lgog u7g ug{ / cGo k]zfut, Joj;foLs tyf ;fdflhs
;+:yfsf] ;b:otf lng ;Sg]5g\ .
I
t/ clws[t cf7f}+ tx / ;f]eGbf dflysf sd{rf/Lx?
6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ eg] sfof{no k|d'v eO{ sfd
ug'{ kg]{ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/L 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;s[o ;b:o x'g
;Sg] 5}gg\ .
-@_ sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox¿n] 5gf}6 u/]sf
kbflwsf/Lx¿ /x]sf] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls 6«]8
o'lgogsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-#_ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls 6«]8 o'lgogn] k|flws/0fsf]
;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df cfˆgf] k]zfut dfux¿
;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't u/L ;fdflhs ;Djfb /
;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-$_ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Da4{g u/L
;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L / ultzLn agfpg
k|flws/0fnfO{ /rgfTds ;'emfj / ;xof]u k|bfg
ug]{,
-v_ v08 -s_ sf] k|of]hgsf]nflu e]nf, tfnLd,
k|lzIf0f, uf]i7L, nufotsf /rgfTds Pj+
l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿ ;~rfng ug]{,
-u_ sd{rf/L 6«]8 o'lgogsf] dxf;+3 u7g ug]{,
To;sf] ;b:o aGg], cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 jf
dxf;+3sf] ;b:o aGg], / cfˆgf] ;+:yfsf]
tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-%_ sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodfjnL agfpFbf k|flws/0fn]
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;Nnfx /
;'emfj lng]5 .
I
97
-^_ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls 6«]8 o'lgogsf] kbflwsf/Lx¿af6
cfˆgf] sfo{If]q cg's"n :yfgdf ;?jfsf] dfu ePdf
k|flws/0fn] ;f] cg'?ksf] ;?jf x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 .
-&_ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 6«]8 o'lgog / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cflwsf/Ls
6«]8 o'lgogsf] kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox¿nfO{ 6«]8 o'lgog
;DaGwL :jb]zL tyf a}b]lzs ;]ldgf/, uf]i7L, clwj]zg,
;Fu7g ;DaGwL sfo{ cflb sfo{qmddf efu lngsf] nflu
k|flws/0fnfO{ cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ u/L Psjif{df a9Ldf
tL; lbg;Ddsf] sfhsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!!=^ cjfl~5t ;Dks{ sfod ug{ gx'g] M k|flws/0fsf] lxt ljkl/t cGo
s'g} ;+:yf jf To:tf] ;+:yf;Fu ;DjlGwt JolQmx?;Fu cjflG5t
;Dks{ sfod u/L cfˆgf] cf]xf]bfsf] dof{bf ljkl/t u}/
lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sfo{ ug{' x'Fb}g .
!!=& /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ gx'g] M s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf]
cfˆgf] ;]jf ;DjGwL s'/fdf dtNfj ;fWo ug]{ dg;foNf] cGo
sd{rf/L dfly s'g} /fhg}lts jf cjfG5gLo k|efj kfg{ jf k|efj
kfg]{ k|oTg ug'{ x'Fb}g .
!!=* ;/sf/ tyf k|flws/0fsf] cfNff]]rgf ug{ gx'g] M -!_k|flws/0fsf]
st{Jo kfNfgfsf] ;Gbe{df afx]s k|flws/0fsf] gLlt ljkl/t x'g] u/L
jf g]kfNf ;/sf/ / hgtfsf] kf/:kl/s ;DjGwdf jf s'g} ljb]zL
/fi6«;Fusf] ;DjGwdf vNfNf kg{ ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg sd{rf/LNf]]
cfˆgf] sfNklgs jf jf:tljs gfdaf6 jf j]gfdL s'g} Nf]v
k|sflzt ug{, k|];NffO{ s'g} vj/ lbg, ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodaf6
efif0f k|;fl/t ug{, s'g} ;fj{hlgs efif0f lbg jf s'g} jQmJo
k|sflzt ug{' x'Fb}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|rNfLt
sfg"g / k|flws/0fsf] gLltsf] ljkl/t gx'g] ;flxlTos,
j}1flgs Joj;flos sNffTds sfo{ ug]{, Nf]]v k|sfzg ug{
jf k|;f/0f ug{ o; lgodfjNfLdf Nf]lvPsf] s'g} klg s'/fNf]]
jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
!!=( v6fO{Psf] sfof{Nfo jf :yfgdf hfg'kg]]{M sd{rf/LNf]] k|flws/0fsf]
sfdsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LNf]] v6fPsf] k|flws/0fsf]
98
sfof{Nfo jf :yfgdf uO{ cfkm"NffO{ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] kfNfgf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=!) k|flws/0fsf] clxt x'g] sfo{ ug{ gx'g]M Nffk/jfxL jf u}/ lhDd]jf/L
t/LsfNf]] hfgfhfg q'6Lk"0f{ 9+uaf6 k|flws/0fNffO{ clxt x'g] u/L
s'g} sfo{ ug'{ x'Fb}g .
!!=!! k|flws/0fNffO{ xfgL gf]S;ffgL kfg{ gx'g]M sd{rf/L]n] k|flws/0fsf]
sfdsf/jfxL ;~rfNg ubf{ hfgfhfg Nffk/jfxL jf q'6Lk"0f{ 9+uNf]]
k|flws/0fNffO{ s'g} k|sf/af6 xflg gf]S;fgL k'Ug] u/L sfd ug{
x'Fb}g .
!!=!@ sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, ;+rfNfg, Aofkf/ Aoj;fo tyf k|fO{e]6 k|fS6L;
ug{ gx'g] M
-!_ sd{rf/LNf] lNflvt :jLs[lt glNfO{ b]xfosf] sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-s_ s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, /lhi6«]zg jf
;+rfNfgsf] sfddf efu lNfg,
-v_ k|rNfLt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ s'g}
Jofkf/ jf Aoj;fo ug{,
-u_ cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L :jLsf/ ug{ .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;ldltNf]
tf]s]sf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|flws/0fsf] :jLs[lt lNfO{
Aoj;flos sfo{ ug{ kfO{g]5 .
!!=!# ;]jf ;DjGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfz ug{df k|ltjGwwM -!_ s'g}klg
sd{rf/Ln]] clVtof/jfNffsf] :jLs[lt glNfO{ cfkm"Nf] k|flws/0fsf]
;]jfdf /xL st{Jo kfNfgfsf] l;Nfl;Nffdf hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] s'g}
uf]Ko jf sfg"g4f/f lgif]lwt ljifo cfkm"Nf] Nf]v]sf] jf ;+sNfg u/]sf]
s'g} sfuhkq jf ;dfrf/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kaf6 c?
cgflws[t sd{rf/L jf JolQm jf k|];NffO{ lbg' jf jtfpg' x'Fb}g . of]
k|ltjGw h'g;'s} sf/0faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;d]t
Nffu" /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf]] ePtf klg
sd{rf/LNf] cfˆgf] kbLo sfdsf] ;DjGwdf s;}Nf] NfufPsf]
e'm7\7f cf/f]ksf] ;kmfO{ lbgsf] lgldQ clVtof/jfNffsf]
:jLs[lt lNfO{ k|]; jf cbfNftsf] ;xf/f lNfg o;
99
lgodfjNfLdf Nf]lvPsf] s'g}klg s'/fNf]] jfwf k'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
!!=!$ k|bz{g / x8\\tfNf ug{ k|ltjGw M sd{rf/LNf] g]kfNf clw/fHosf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf cfFr cfpg] u/L, b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iff,
j}b]lzs ;DjGw / ;fj{hlgs dof{bf tyf cbfNftsf] lg0f{osf]
cjx]Nfgf x'g] u/L ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ju{, If]q / ;Dk|bfosf
dflg;x? aLr j}dg:o pTkGg u/fpg] jf ;fDk|bflos b'ef{jgf
km}Nffpg] u/L jf s'g} ck/fwNffO{ k|>o x'g] u/L jf k|flws/0fsf]
b}lgs sfd ;~rfNfg ug{ jfwf k'Ug] u/L k|bz{g ug{, x8\tfNfdf
efu lNfg jf ;f] sfo{ ug]{ p2]ZoN]f c?NffO{ pS;fpg ;d]t x'Fb}g .
!!=!% x8\\tfNf, y'g5]s tyf 3]/fp ug{df k|ltjGwMM sd{rf/LNf]] k|flws/0fsf]
s'g} klg sd{rf/LNffO{ sfg"g4f/f lgwf{l/t st{Jo k"/f ug{df jfwf
lj/f]w x'g] u/L x8\tfNf jf sNfd jGb tyf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
pTkL8g x'g] u/L bjfj lbg jf ;f] ug]{ p2]ZoNf]] c?NffO{ pS;fpg
;d]t x'Fb}g .
!!=!^ bfg, pkxf/, rGbf :jLsf/ ug{ jf ;fk6L, cfly{s Nf]]gb]g ug{
gx'gM] sd{rf/LNf]] cfkm}Nf] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on]
k|flws/0fsf] sfd;Fu ;DjlGwt AolQmx?;Fu sfd sf/jfxLdf c;/
kg]{ u/L s;};Fu bfg, pkxf/, rGbf :jLsf/ ug{ jf ;fk6L jf
cfly{s Nf]]gb]g ug{ jf s'g} k|sf/sf] cfly{s k|Nff]]egdf kg{, sld;g
jf u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf /sd lNfg jf e|i6frf/ ug{ x'Fb}g .
!!=!& /fhggLltdf efu lNfgg gx'g] M sd{rf/LNf]] /fhgLltdf efu lNfg, s'g}
/fhg}lts bNf jf ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ / /fhg}lts kbsf]
Nfflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g / To:tf] lgjf{rgdf s'g}
pDd]bjf/, /fhg}lts bNf jf ;+u7gsf] tkm{af6 k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{
jQmAo jf efif0f lbg / dt dfUg x'Fb}g .
t/ s;}NffO{ dt lbPsf] jf lbg] ljrf/ u/]sf] s'/f k|s6
gu/L k|rlNft sfg"g adf]lhd cfkm"Nf]] kfPsf] dtbfgsf] clwsf/
k|of]u ug{ o; lgodfjNfLNf] s'g} jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
100
:
!!=!&-s_=::yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng gx'g]M k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L jf
lghsf] klt jf kTgLn] ljb]zsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng jf
To:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg' x'b}g .
!!=!* ;DklQsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]]{ M sd{rf/LNf] cfˆgf] / cfˆgf]
kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] rNf tyf crNf ;DklQsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL
!$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/L sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljefudf k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
k
!!=!(M r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]M s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ;do kfng gu/]df
k|flws/0fsf] sfd ;DjlGw s'/fdf cfk"m eGbf dflysf] sd{rf/Ln]
lbPsf] cf1f kfng gu/]df jf sfof{no ;DjGwL sfddf nfk/jfxL
jf l9nf;':tL u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DjlGwt ljefuLo k|d'v
jf sfof{no k|d'vn] sf/0f vf]nL r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] sf]
clen]v ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmfOndf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
:
!!=@)) p8fg ;'/Iff tyf ljdfg:yn ;+rfng ;DaGwL sfo{df k|lts"n
c;/ kfg{ gx'g]M sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbLo st{Jo kfngfdf
c;fjwfgL ;fy jf cg'zf;gdf g/xL jf hfgfhfg q'6Lk"0f{ 9+uaf6
sfd u/L jf nfk/jfxL u/L p8fg ;'/Iff tyf ljdfg:yn
;+rfngdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ sfo{ ug{' x'b}g .
:
!!=@@! cfˆgf] :jfy{ ufl;Psf] ljifosf] lg00f{{odf ;xefuL x'g k|ltjGwM
sd{rf/Ln] k|ToIf ?kdf cfˆgf] :jfy{ ufFl;Psf] ljifosf] lg0f{odf
;xefuL x'g' x'b}g .
:
!!=@@@ sfof{nosf] sfddf cj/f]w >[hgf ug{ gkfOg]M sd{rf/Ln] s'g} dfu
/fvL jf g/fvL sfof{nosf] s'g} sfddf cjflG5t tl/sfn] cj/f]w
>[hgf ug{' x'b}g .
:
k
:
101
:
!!=@@# sfof{no / kbnfO{ JolQmut nfesf] nflu k|of]u ug{{ gx'g]M
sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no / cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] kbnfO{ JolQmut nfesf]
: nflu npkof]
!!=@# sfof{ o /u kbnfO{
ug{'x'b}g JolQmut
. nfesf] nflu k|of]u ug{ gx'g]M
:
!!=@@$ ;fdfGo lzi66frf/, ;bfrf/ / g}ltstf sfod /fVg' kg]{M
sfof{nosf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfu|fxL k|lt ;fdfGo
:
!!=@$ lzi6frf/, ;bfrf/ / g};bfrf/
;fdfGo lzi6frf/, ltstf sfod/ g}/fVg'
ltstfkg]{5sfod
. /fVg' kg]{M
:
!!=@@%cjsf; kfPsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{;Dd lgo'Qm x'g gkfpg]M
k|flws/0faf6 cjsf; k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{;Dd clws[t
: :t/sf sd{kfPsf]
!!=@%cjsf; rf/Ln] ldltn]
k|flws/0fsf]
b'O{ :jfy{
jif{;aflemPsf]
Dd lgo'Qs'm g} x'klg ;+:yfdfM
g gkfpg]
lgo'Qm e} sfd ug{' x'b}g .
:
!!=@@^ cleJolQm lbg gx'g]M k|flws/0f jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod
lj?4 ljB'lto 5fkf dfWod jf ;fdflhs ;~hfndf cleJolQm lbg'
:
!!=@^ x'cleJolQm
b}g . lbg gx'g]M
:
102
kl/R5]b –!@
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff / k'/:sf/
!@=! sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/IffM g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hfbf/L cleof]udf
cbfNftaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf] cj:yfdf jfx]s sd{rf/LNffO{{
;kmfO{sf] ;j"b lbg] dgfl;j dflkmssf] df}sf glbO{ ;]jfaf6
x6fO{g] jf jvf{:t ul/g]5}g .
!@=@ sd{rf/Lsf] jrfpM s'g}klg sd{rf/LN]f cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] st{Ao
kfNfg ;DemL u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf lgh pk/ bfo/ ePsf]
d'2fsf] k|lt/Iff k|flws/0fNf]] ug]{5 .
j
!@=# ;]jf zt{sf] ;'/IffMM s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] lgo'lQm x'Fbf
tTsfn nfu" /x]sf] tnj, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f / cGo ;'ljwf
;DjGwL ;]jfsf zt{x¿ df lghsf] :jLs[tL j]u/ lghnfO{ k|lts"n
c;/ kg]{ u/L kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g . kl5 x'g] ;+zf]wgn] To:tf]
;+zf]wg x'g' cufj} jxfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] pko'Qm ;]jfsf
zt{x¿df s'g} k|sf/n] k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;+zf]lwt
Joj:yf jdf]lhd ug{ dGh'/ u/]sf] lnlvt :jLs[lt ge} To:tf]
Joj:yf lghsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
j
!@=$ k|f]T;fxL k'/:sf/M -!_ k|flws/0fsf] k|ultsf] nflu cfˆgf]
nugzLntf / ;Lksf] k|of]u u/L pTs[i6 Pj+ cg's/0fLo sfo{ ug]{
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ k|flws/0fn] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/ åf/f k'/:s[t
ug]{5M–
-s_ ;]jfdf /xL ;a}eGbf pTs[i6 / cg's/0fLo sfo{ ug]{ Pshgf
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|To]s jif{ Psnfv ?k}of ;Ddsf] ;jf]{Ts[i6
k|flws/0f ;]jf k'/:sf/,
-v_ ;]jfdf /xL pTs[i6 / cg's/0fLo sfo{ ug]{ kfFrhgf ;Dd
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ k|To]s jif{ jL; xhf/ ?k}of gubsf]
pTs[i6 k|flws/0f ;]jf k'/:sf/,
j
103
-u_ ;]jfdf /xL pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ bzhgf ;Dd sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{
k|To]s jif{ ;Da4 sd{rf/Lsf] clGtd tnj :s]n ggfWg]
u/L a9Ldf yk kfFr u|]8 ;Ddsf] k|flws/0f ;]jf k'/:sf/
-3_ ;]jfdf /xL kRrL; jif{ ;]jf k"/f u/]sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{
bL3{ ;]jf kbs .
-@_ pklgod -!_ jdf]lhd k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug{sf]nflu ;ldltn]
tf]s]sf] ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo
k'/:sf/ l;kmfl/z ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 / ;f]xL
l;kmfl/z ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;ldltn] k'/:sf/ lbg]
lg0f{o ug{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ul7t k'/:sf/ l;kmfl/z ;ldltn]
k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ cfwf/ / k|s[of
:ki6 Pj+ kf/bzL{ x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k'/f gu/]sf] sd{rf/L k'/:sf/
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5}g .
D
-%_ Psk6s k|f]T;fxL k'/:sf/ kfO;s]sf] sd{rf/L To:tf]
k'/:sf/ kfPsf] ldltn] %-kfFr_ jif{ k"/f ePkl5 dfq k'gM
To:tf] k'/:sf/sf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 .
D
104
kl/R5]b —!#
;hfo / bk'g—!#
kl/R5] /fj]bg
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg
)
!#=! ;hfoM s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf] v/fj cfr/0f / s;"/sf] uDeL/tf
)
!#=! ;d] tnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL plrt / kof{Kt cfwf/ / sf/0f b]lvPdf
;hfoM
;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5 M–
-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfo M
-!_ gl;xt lbg],
-@_ j9Ldf b'O{ tnj j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ jif{;Dd
a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{,
-#_ b'O{ b]lv kfFr tnj j[l4/f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ b]lv
kfFr aif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ .
-v_ ljz]if ;hfo M
-!_ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo
g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg],
-@_ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo
7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ .
)
!#=@ gl;xt lbg]M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ gl;xt lbg ;lsg]5 M–
)
!#=@ -s_ sfdM ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf,
gl;xt lbg]
-v_ k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-u_ of] lgodfjnLdf pNn]lvt cfr/0f tyf cg'zf;g ;DjGwL
s'/fx? pNn+3g u/]df,
-3_ tf]lsPsf] kbLo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s k'/f gu/]df,
-ª_ Ps aif{df Ps k6s r]tfjgL kfPsf]df k'g r]tfjgL
kfpg] sfo{ u/]df,
-r_ ;fj{hlgs ;+rf/ dfWod jf ;fdflhs ;+hfndf g]kfn
;/sf/jf k|flws/0fsf] gLlt lg0f{o ljk/Lt ;fdu|L k|sfzg
u/]df .
)
105
)
!#=#= b'O{ tnj j[l4 ;Dd /f]]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{M
b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{ j9Ldf b'O{ tnj
j[l4/f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ Ps k6s gl;xt kfO;s]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ;f]xL kbdf /xFbf
k'gM csf]{ k6s gl;xt kfpg] sfd u/]df,
-v_ Dofb leq cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] gubL, lhG;L a/a'emf/y
gu/]df,
-u_ v6fPsf] sfof{no jf :yfgdf uO{ sfd gu/]df,
-3_ k|flws/0fåf/f sd{rf/LnfO{ k|bQ ;'ljwfsf] b'?kof]u u/]df,
-ª_ sfof{no ;dodf dfbs kbfy{ jf nfu" kbfy{ jf lgif]lwt
;"lt{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jg u/]df,
-r_ /fhlglts jf cjfl~5t k|efj kf/]df .
:
!#=##-s_ b'O{ b]lv kfFr tnj j[l4/f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd
a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{M b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/LnfO{
lghsf] b'O{ b]lv kfFr tnj j[l4/f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ b]lv kfFr
jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ clzi6 / cd¥oflbt Jojxf/ u/]df,
-v_ nfk/jfxL jf q'l6k"0f{ 9+un] hfgL hfgL k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL
gf]S;fgL kf/]df,
-u_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s cGoq s'g}
k|sf/sf] gf]s/L ug]{ jf cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{
u/L k/fdz{bftf, ;Nnfxsf/, ljz]if1 jf s'g} x}l;otn] ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ u/]df,
-3_ cfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L a/fa/ a]jf:tf u/]df .
)
:
106
)
!#=$
$ cfly{s xflg gf]S;fgL c;"n pk/ ug]{M lgod !!=!) cg';f/ clxt
x'g] sfo{ u/]df, lgod !!=!! cg';f/ xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] sfo{ u/]df
/ lgod !!=@# cg';f/ JolQmut nfesf] sf/0faf6 k|flws/0fnfO{
s'g} xfgL gf]S;fgL kg{ uPsf] eGg] ljZjf; ug]{ kof{Kt cfwf/
ePdf / k|flws/0fn] u7g u/]sf] hfFra'emaf6 ;d]t hfgfhfg jf
nfk/jfxL u/L k|flws/0fnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'of{Psf] eGg] 7x/
ePdf To:tf] s;"/ ug]{ sd{rf/Laf6 gf]S;fgL jfkt tf]lsPsf] /sd
c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 . o;/L c;"n pk/ u/]kl5 klg lghnfO{
ljefuLo ;hfo x'g ;Sg]5 .
)
!#=% ;]jfaf66 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7lx/g]
u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg] 5 M–
-s_ cof]Uotfsf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f
ug{ g;s]df jf a]jf:tf u/]df,
-v_ cfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ cfr/0f a/fa/ pNn+3g
u/]df jf a/fa/ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,
-u_ k|flws/0fsf] uf]kgLotf eË u/]df,
-3_ nuftf/ ;f7L lbg;Dd ljgf ;"rgf sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt
ePdf,
-ª_ /fhgLltdf efu lnPdf,
-r_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] jf cfkm"n] s'g}
tl/sfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] k|flws/0fsf] uf]Ko sfuhft, lnvt
jf hfgsf/L s'g} cglws[t JolQm jf lgsfonfO{ lbPdf jf
lbg] k|of; u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-5_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] /fli6«o lxt ljk/Lt s'g} ljb]zL /fi6«, ;+:yf
jf gful/s;Fu cjfl~5t ;Dks{ sfod u/L cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf]
dof{bf ljkl/t u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft
ePdf,
)
107
-h_ lgod !!=@) adf]lhd p8fg ;'/Iff tyf ljdfg:yn
;~rfng ;DaGwL sfo{df k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ sfd u/]df,
-em_ nfk/jfxLk"j{s sfd u/L jfo'ofg tyf ljdfg:yn leqsf
oGq pks/0f / p•og pks/0fdf Iflt k'of{Pdf .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfsf]
nflu cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug{ ;lsg] 5 M
-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6
s;"/bf/ 7xl/Pdf,
-v_ e|i6frf/ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-u_ k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf lgo'lQm x'g] jf axfn /xg] p2]Zon]
gful/stf, pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf,
-3_ ljb]zL /fHosf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPdf jf ;f]sf]
nflu cfj]bg lbPdf .
'
!#=^ ============================
6
!#=^-s_ :jod 3f]if0ff u/L ljj/0f k]z ug'kg]]{ M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De x'g'
cl3 :yfoL cfjfl;o cg'dlt lnPsf jf To:tf] cg'dltsf nflu
cfj]bg lbPsf k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn]
tL; lbg leq ;f]sf] :jod\ 3f]if0ff u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cfˆgf] gfd, y/, ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x / xfnsf] kb .
-v_ :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] eP ;f] lnPsf] jf To:tf]
cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] eP ;f] sf]
ldlt,
-u_ ;DalGwt ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gfd,
-3_ cfkm'n] lnPsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt kl/Tofu ug{ jf
To:tf] cg'dltsf] nflu lbPsf] cfj]bg /2 u/fpg OR5's
eP gePsf] .
'
6
108
-@_ k|flws/0f ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgLn] :yfoL
cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] ePdf of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL;
lbg leq ;DalGwt k|flws/0f ;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m sfo{/t
sfof{nodf pklgod -!_ jdf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt
sfof{non] ;f] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq k|wfg
sfof{nosf] k|zf;g ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
6
!#=^v hfgsf/L lbg ;lsg] M -!_ of] lgodfjnL ljkl/t k|flws/0f ;]jfsf
sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] hfgsf/L s;}nfO{ k|fKt
ePdf To:tf] JolQmn] ;f] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/L sfo{/t
sfof{no jf k|wfg sfof{nosf] k|zf;g ljefudf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L s'g} sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g
cfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf
ldltn] ;ft lbg leq k|zf;g ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd jf cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6
k|flws/0f ;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf]
jf ;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPdf
k|zf;g ljefun] lgod !#=^s sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlw Joltt ePkl5 To:tf] k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lsf]
;DjGwdf 5fgjLg ug{ lgod !#=& df Joj:yf ePsf]
ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd n]vL cfPdf lgod !#=& adf]lhdsf]
ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] To:tf] k|flws/0f ;]jfsf
sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf tLg lbg leq 5fgljg k|f/De u/L ;f]
sf] hfgsf/L dxflgb]{zsnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd 5gjLg ubf{ lgod !#=& adf]lhdsf
ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/Ln] dxflgb]{zs jf cGo s'g}
lgsfo;+u s'g} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L jf ;xof]u dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
6
109
k|flws/0f cGtu{tsf lgsfon] To:tf] ;xof]u jf hfgsf/L
u/fpg' pQm lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ o; lgod adf]lhd 5fgjLg / sf/jfxL ubf{ k|flws/0f
;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] jf ;f] sf]
nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] b]lvPdf lghnfO{ tLg dlxgfleq
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L lgod !#=&
adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/L ;dIf
kGw| lbg leq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
6
!#=û ;hfo gx'g] M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg of] lgod k|f/De x''g'eGbf tTsfn cl3 o;
lgodfjnLsf] lgod !!=!@ adf]lhd k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cGoq s'g}
k|sf/sf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf u/L /x]sf] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod
k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbg leq To:tf] gf]s/L jf ;]jf 5f8]sf]
k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf lghnfO{ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd
;hfo x'g]5}g .
-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of]
lgod k|f/De x'g' cl3 :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPsf] jf
;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPsf] k|flws/0f ;]jfsf sd{rf/Ln]
;f] s'/f :jLsf/ u/L of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;f7L
lbg leq cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt
Tofu]sf] jf To:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lbPsf]
cfj]bg /2 ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt d'n'sdf lnlvt cg'/f]w
u/]sf] k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ o;
lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;hfo x'g]5}g .
)
!#=& ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/LM -!_ lgod !#=! sf] v08-
s_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 M–
6
)
110
-s_
;xfos klxnf] txb]lv ;xfos kfFrf} tx;Ddsf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo
k|d'v .
-v_ clws[t 5}7f}+ txb]lv clws[t afx|f} tx;Ddsf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zs .
-u_ dxflgb]{zssf] xsdf lgh g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
jxfnjfnf sd{rf/L ePdf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf
g]kfn ;/sf/ / lgh k|flws/0fs} sd{rf/L ePdf
;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 ;ldltsf] cWoIfn]
tf]s]sf tLg hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf] pk;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df cWoIf .
-@_ lgod !#=! sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg]
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 M–
-s_ ;xfos txsf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf dxflgb]{zs,
-v_ clws[t 5}7f}+ txb]lv clws[t afx|f} tx;Ddsf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6
;ldltsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] # hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf]
pk;ldlt .
-u_ dxflgb]{zssf] xsdf lgh g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
jxfnjfnf sd{rf/L ePdf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf
g]kfn ;/sf/ / lgh k|flws/0fs} sd{rf/L ePdf
;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 ;ldltsf] cWoIfn]
tf]s]sf tLg hgf ;b:ox? /x]sf] pk;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df cWoIf .
!#=* lgNfDjg ug]{ M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf lgod )!#=%
adf]lhdsf] s'g} cleof]usf] l;Nfl;Nffdf hfFrj'em ug'{ k/]df
hfFrj'em ;dfKt gx'Gh]Nf ;Ddsf] Nfflu ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{{
;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf] b]xfosf] cj:yf ljBdfg
ePdf lgNfDjg ug{ ;Sg]5 M
)
111
-s_lgNfDjg gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf e'm7\7f ;j"t
k|df0f ;+sNfg ug{ ;Sg] jf cfˆgf] lj?4sf] ;j"t k|df0f
ufoj ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf,
jf
-v_ lgNfDjg gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf sfof{NfoNffO{ xfgL
gf]S;fgL x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf .
-@_ sd{rf/LNffO{{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf jvf{:t ug]{
cleof]usf] ;"rgf lbg'sf] ;fy} lghNffO{ ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf] lgNfDjg ;d]t ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{{ lgNfDjg
ubf{ ;fwf/0ftM tLg dxLgf eGbf a9L ug'{ x'Fb}g .
;f] cjlw leq} sd{rf/L pk/sf] sf/jfxL lsgf/f
Nfufpg' kg]{5 . s'g} c;fwf/0f cj:yf k/L pQm
cjlwleq sf/jfxL lsgf/f Nfufpg g;lsg] e}
lgNfDjgsf] cjlw j9fpg' k/]df ;hfo lbg kfpg]
clwsf/LNf] Ps dlxgf;Dd lgNfDjgsf] cjlw
j9fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf lu/kmtf/
eO{ y'lgPsf] sd{rf/L To;/L y'lgPsf] cjlwe/
:jtM lgNfDjg ePsf] dflgg]5 .
!#=( lgNfDjgsf] ;dflKt M s'g} sd{rf/L cfˆgf] kbdf k'gM :yflkt
ePdf jf lgdo !#=* sf] pk—lgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f
ePdf jf ;]jfaf6 x6fO{Pdf jf a/vf:t ul/Pdf lghsf] lgNfDjg
;dfKt x'g]5 .
!#=!) ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ df}sf lbg' kg]{M -!_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg]
clwsf/LNf]] s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf cl3
sf/jfxL ug{ NffluPsf] sf/0fsf] pNNf]]v u/L ;f] sd{rf/LNffO{)!%
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{5 . o;/L
df}sf lb+bf lghdfly NfufOPsf] cf/f]k :ki6 ?kNf] lsl6Psf] /
)
112
k|To]s cf/f]k s'g s'g s'/f / sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 ;f] ;d]t
v'Nffpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]df ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LN]]f klg Dofb leq
cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug'{kg]{5 . / o;/L k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{NffO{
;DjlGwt clwsf/Ln] uDeL/tf k"j{s dgg ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]] cfjZos 7fg]df
:jo+ jf s'g} cGo clws[t4f/f hfFrj'em u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
hfFrj'em ug]{ clws[tNffO{ b]xfosf] tl/sf ckgfO{ ljefuLo
hfFrj'emsf] sf/jfxL rNffpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 M
-s_ aofg u/fpg], lNflvt k|df0fx? bflvNf u/fpg] /
;fIfLsf] gfddf cfb]z hf/L ug]{ .
-v_ cleof]u Nffu]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df ;j"b k|df0f
j'e\mg] .
-u_ cleof]u Nffu]sf] sd{rf/LNffO{ ;fIfL;Fu lh/x ug{
/ cleof]u lj?4 ;j"t k|df0f bflvNf ug]{ df}sf
lbg] .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] hfFrj'emsf] sfd ;lsPkl5
;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/L ;dIf hfFrj'em
clws[tN]f k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . lghNf] To:tf]
k|ltj]bgdf ;hfo ;DjGwL sf/0f ;lxtsf] cfˆgf] 7x/;fy
hf] ePsf] ;j"b k|df0f klg bflvNff ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{ lgNfDjg ug'{ k/]df ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg
kfpg] clwsf/Nf]] lgNfDjg kq / pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
;kmfO{ k]z ug{ Nf]]lvPsf] kq ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]] s'g} sd{rf/L;Fu
;kmfO{ dfu ug'{ eGbf cufj} :jo+ jf s'g} cGo
clws[t4f/f pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo hfFrj'em
u/fO{ lghsf] 7x/ ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg lNfg ;Sg]5 .
!#=!! ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' cl3 ;hfo k|:tfj ug'{ kg]{ M lgod !#=!
adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxNf]] ljefuLo ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]] lgod !#=!) sf] pklgod -!_
113
adf]lhd ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ lbOPsf] Dofb leq ;kmfO{ k]z gu/]df jf
k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LNffO{
lbg NffluPsf] k|:tfljt ;hfo lsg glbg' egL To; ;DjGwdf
)
#) lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ :ki6Ls/0f dfUg' kg]{5 .
!#=!@ ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gx'gfsf] sf/0f v'Nffpg' kg]{ M ;hfosf] cfb]z
lbg kfpg] clwsf/LN]f s'g} sd{rf/L;Fu lgod !#=!) sf] pklgod
-!_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To;sf]
sf/0f klg v'Nffpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf lgod
!#=!) sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hfFrj'em u/fOPsf] eP ;f] sf]
gtLhf ;d]t pNNf]]v u/L k|:tfljt ;hfosf] cf}lrTo klg pQm
:kli6s/0fdf v'Nffpg' kg]{5 .
!#=!# ;hfosf] cfb]z / gSsNf ;DjGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ sd{rf/L pk/ s'g}
ljefuLo ;hfosf] lg0f{o ubf{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg]
clwsf/LNf] ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LNffO{ ;kmfO{ jf :kli6s/0f k]z ug{
kof{Kt df}sf k|bfg eP gePsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L lgh sd{rf/Laf6
k]z ePsf] ;kmfO{, :kli6s/0f tyf pkNfAw ;Dk"0f{ ;j"b k|df0fsf]
;d'lrt d"Nof+sg u/L :ki6 sf/0f v'NffO{ cfk\mgf] /fo 7x/;fy
lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]]
;hfosf] cfb]zsf] ;DjGwdf cfˆgf] :ki6 /fo ;fy cg';"rL—!%
adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f Nf]lvPsf] ePtf klg
s'g} sd{rf/LNffO{ Pp6f ;hfo k|:tfj u/L ;kmfO{,
:kli6s/0f dfu u/] kl5 csf]{ ;hfo lbg] u/L lg0f{o ug'{
x'Fb}g . t/ s'g} sf/0f k/L 36L jf a9L ;hfo ug'{kg]{
cj:yf k/]df lgod !#=!) sf] sfo{ljlw k'gM k"/f ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]] pklgod -!_
adf]lhd s'g} klg sd{rf/LNffO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o
ubf{ lg0f{o ldlt eGbf klxNf]]b]lv g} nfu" x'g]u/L lg0f{o ug'{
x'Fb}g .
)
114
k
t/ lgod !#=% sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -3_
jdf]lhdsf] s;'/df ;hfo ubf{ sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt
ePsf] ldlt b]lv / lgod !#=% sf] pklgod -@_ sf] v08
-s_ / -v_ jdf]lhdsf] s;'/df ;hfo ubf{ cbfntaf6
s;"/ 7x/ ePsf] ldlt b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L lg0f{o ul/g]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd
ePsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] Ps k|lt gSsNf
;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf]] ;DjlGwt
sd{rf/LNffO{ lagf b:t'/ lbg' kg]{5 .
k-%_ o; lgodfjnL jdf]lhd sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOPsf] ;hfosf]
clen]v /fVg'kg]{5 .
k-^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] clen]v clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] gl;xt kfPsf]df ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{sf] cjlwe/, lgnDjg ePsf]df ;f] cjlwe/, a9'jf
/f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ / tna j[l4 /f]Ssf
ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu dgg\ ug'{ kg]{5M–
-s_ ljefuLo k|d'vdf kb:yfkg ubf{,
-v_ sfod d'sfod d's// ubf{,
-u_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbdf lhDd]jf/L lb+bf,
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ubf{,
-ª_ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ubf{,
-r_ cWoog jf tflnddf dgf]gog ubf{,
-5_ ljz]if a9'jf ubf{, :t/j[l4 ubf{ /
-h_ cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] cj;/ k|bfg ubf{ .
k
115
:
!#=!#--s_ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ l;4fGtx?M ;hfo ug]{
clwsf/Ln] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ b]xfosf
l;4fGtx? kfngf ug{'kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;hfo ug{ kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfo ubf{ cfˆgf] clwsf/
If]qsf] ;Ldfdf /xL sf/jfxL / lg0f{o ug{' kb{5.
-v_ tTsfn k|rlnt s'g} sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfo{
u/]jfkt s;}nfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{' x'Fb}g .
-u_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] k6s k6s cfr/0f kfngf gug]{,
cg'zf;gsf] pNn+3g ug]{, Pp6} s;"/ bf]xof{pg] sfo{
u/]df To;sf] clen]v /fvL yk ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-3_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sf/jfxL jf ;hfoaf6 aRg s'g} cg'lrt
sfo{ u/]df jf sf/jfxL k|lqmof pNn+ 3g ug]{ k|of; u/]df
jf s'g} ;+ul7t ;d"x dfkm{t jf ;+ul7t tl/sfaf6
cg'lrt bjfj lbPdf jf lbg nufPdf To;sf] cfwf/ /
sf/0f vf]nL yk ;hfo ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-ª_ s'g} s;"/ ug{ cfr/0f jf cg'zf;g pNn+3g ug{ c?nfO{
pS;fpg] jf e8\sfpg] sfo{ u/]df ;f] sf] cfwf/ k|df0f
vf]nL yk ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-r_ cfˆgf] gftf leqsf] sd{rf/L ePdf jf cfˆgf] :jfy{ ePsf]
ljifo ePdf To:tf] ljifosf] lg0f{o ug{ x'Fb}g .
-5_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo
sf/jfxL ug{ n]vL k7fPsf]df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln]
cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L ljefuLo ;hfo ug{' kg]{5 .
-h_ lgldQ eO{ sfd ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] clwsf/Ln]
Goflos k|s[ltsf] lg0f{o ug{ x'b}g .
-em_ lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/Ln] Goflos lg0f{o ubf{ k|fs[lts
Gofosf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt ljkl/t x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{
x'b}g .
:
116
!#=!$ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L M -!_ lgod !#=! adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf]
cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/LNf] lgod !#=!# adf]lhd lbPsf]
;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ lrQ gj'e\mg] sd{rf/LNf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
clwsf/L ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ sfof{Nfo k|d'v / ljefuLo k|d'vNf]] lbPsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z
pk/ dxflgb]{zs,
-v_ dxflgb]{zsNf]] lbPsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ ;ldlt,
-u_ lgod !#=& sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ / pklgod -@_
sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhdsf] pk;ldltNf]] lbPsf] ;hfosf]
cfb]z pk/ ;ldlt .
!#=!% k'g/fj]bgsf] sfo{ljlw M s'g} sd{rf/LNf]] lgod !#=!# adf]]lhd
cfkm'NffO{ lbPsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lj?4 k'g/fj]bg lbg' k/]df b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] sfoljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/LNf]] cfkm\g} gfdaf6
k'g/fj]bg lbg' kg]{5 / To:tf] k'g/fj]bg plrt /
cfb/;"rs efiffdf Nf]]lvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/LNf]] k'/fj]bgsf] ;fydf
cfˆgf] ;kmfO{sf] lgldQ hf] ePsf] ;j'b k|df0f
;+NfUg /fVg'sf ;fy} h'g lgodsf] lj?4 k'g/fj]bg
ul/Psf] xf] ;f] lgodsf]] gSsNf ;d]t ;+NfUg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-u_ k'g/fj]bg lb+bf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LNffO{
;Djf]wg u/L k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltNf]] k}+tL; lbg leq
k'g/fj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . t/ k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb
g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ JolQmN]f kof{Kt sf/0f b]vfO{
lgj]bg lbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LNf]] dgfl;j
7x¥ofPsf] tLg dlxgf;Dddf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgNffO{
btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
117
!#=!^ k'g/fj]bg dfly ljrf/ tyf lg0f{o M -!_ lgod !#=!% adf]lhd
k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf s'/fx?
ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ ;hfosf] cfb]zdf cfwf/ lNfOPsf s'/fx?sf]
oyfy{tf k|dfl0ft eO{;s]sf] 5 jf 5}g .
-v_ k|dfl0ft eO{ ;s]sf s'/fx? ;hfo ug{sf] lgldQ
kof{Kt 5g\ jf 5}gg\ .
-u_ ;hfo u/]sf] 7Ls, kof{Kt ck|ofKt jf a9L s] 5<
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf s'/fx?sf] ;DjGwdf ljrf/
ul/;s]kl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LNf]] k'g/fj]bsNffO{
lbOPsf] ;hfo ;b/ jf jb/ ug]{ jf To:tf] ;hfoNffO{
36fpg] u/L clGtd lg0f{o lbg ;Sg]5 .
!#=!& ;]jf k'gM :yflkt ePdf tLg dxLgf leq pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ M s'g}
sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf o; lgodfjNfL adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd
lsgf/f Nffu]kl5 To;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k jf cbfNftsf] lg0f{o
adf]lhd lghsf] ;]jf k'gM :yflkt x'g] ePdf ;f] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf
kfPsf] ldltNf]] tLg dxLgf leq lgh pkl:yt x'g gcfPdf lghsf]
gf]s/L yfdL lbg s/ NffUg] 5}g .
118
kl/R5]b–!$
>]0fL / tx ldNffg ;DjGwL Joj:yf
!$+=! >]0fL, ;'ljwf tyf tx ldNffg M -!_P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd

tTsfNfLg xjfO{ ljefu tyf cGtu{t sfo{/t ljleGg >]0fLsf :yfoL
kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf kl/0ft x'Fbf b]xfo
adf]lhd kb ldNffg ul/g]5 . o;/L kb ldNffg ubf{ lghn] vfOkfO{
cfPsf] u]|8 ;+Vofdf g36g] u/L ldnfg ul/Psf] txsf] u|]8 ;d]t
lbOg]5 .
g]kfNf ;/sf/sf >]0fL k|flws/0fsf] tx
-s_ /f=k= k|yd >]0fL afx|f} tx
-v_ /f=k= låtLo >]0fL bzf}+ tx
-u_ /f=k= t[tLo >]0fL cf7f}+ tx
-3_ /f=k= cg+ k|yd >]0fL 5}7f}+ tx
-ª_ /f=k= cg+ låtLo >]0fL kfFrf} tx
-r_ /f=k= cg+= t[tLo >]0fL rf}yf] tx
-5_ /f=k= cg+= rt'y{ >]0fL t];|f] tx
-h_ 8«fOe/ k|yd t];|f] tx bf];|f] :t/
8«fOe/ låtLo t];|f] tx t];|f] :t/
8«fOe/ t[tLo t];|f] tx rt'y{ :t/
8«fOe/ rt'y{ # u|]8 yk
-em_ lkog jf ;f] ;/x k|yd Ps tx låtLo :t/
lkog jf ;f] ;/x låtLo Ps tx t[tLo :t/
lkog jf ;f] ;/x t[tLo # u]|8 yk
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tx ldNffg ubf{ k|flws/0fsf]
;+u7g tfNfLsfdf l/Qm b/jGbL gePtf klg :jtM kb
;[hgf ePsf] dflgg]5 . o:tf kbx? pQm sd{rf/Lx?
j9'jf jf cjsfz e}} uPdf :jtM vf/]h x'g]5g\ .
119
-#_pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :j]R5fN]f k|flws/0f ;]jfdf hfg]
sd{rf/LNf]] g]kfNf ;/sf/df u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] k]G;g,
pkbfg, cf}ifwL tyf cGo ;'ljwf gNfLOsg uPsf]
cj:yfdf lghsf] gf]s/L cjlw k|flws/0fsf cGo sd{rf/L
;/x ;j} ;'ljwf Pj+ j[lQ ljsf;sf] Nfflu k'/f cjlw
u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkbfg, k]G;g, cf}ifwL pkrf/ tyf cGo ;'ljwf jfktsf]
e'QmfgL glNfOsg k|flws/0f ;]jfdf kl/0ft ePsf]
sd{rf/Lsf] g]kfNf ;/sf/df u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] lghfdtL
;]jf P]g / lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjNfL cg';f/ kfpg] ;a}
;'ljwfx?sf] /sd lx;fj u/L tLg ls:tfdf k|flws/0fNf]
g]kfNf ;/sf/af6 k|fKt u/]kl5 k|flws/0fsf] ;d]t ;]jf
hf]8L cjsfz x'Fbf o;} lgodfjNfL adf]lhd e'QmfgL
ul/lbg]5 .
-%_ lgod !$=! sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|flws/0fsf]
;]jfdf kl/0ft x'g] sd{rf/LNffO{ lghx? jxfNf /xg] tx,
;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x / kb lgwf{/0f u/L ;d"xs[t u/]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 .
'
!$=@ ====================================
'
120
kl/R5]b –!%
ljljw
!%=! ;'ljwfsf] xsbf/M s'g} sd{rf/L ;]jfdf jxfNf /xb} jf s'g} klg
lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 cjsfz k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 o; lgodfjNfL
adf]lhd kfpg] ;'ljwf NfLg gkfpb} d[To' ePdf To:tf] d[t
sd{rf/LNf] o; lgodfjNfL adf]lhd kfpg] ;'ljwf s;}NffO{
O{R5fPsf] /x]5 eg] O{R5fPsf] JolQmNffO{ / s;}NffO{ O{R5fPsf]
/x]g5 eg] k|rNfLt sfg"g adf]lhd lghsf] glhssf] xsjfNffO{
lbO{g]5 .
!%=@ a/j'emf/yM -!_ gofF lgo"lQm jf j9'jf ePsf] sd{rf/LNf]] lgo'lQm jf
j9'jf ePsf] kbsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cufj} cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf
gubL, lhG;L Nfufotsf ;j} sfuhkq lgo'lQm jf j9'jf kqdf
Dofb tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL Dofb leq / Dofb gtf]lsPsf]df lgo'lQm jf
j9'jfsf] kq j'em]sf] ldltNf] af6f]sf] Dofb jfx]s ;ft lbg leq ;f]
kb ;DxfNg] csf]{ sd{rf/LNffO{{ j'emfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} To:tf] gubL,
lhG;L tyf sfuhkq a'lemlng] AolQmn] klg ;f]xL Dofb leq
j'lemlNfg' kg]{5 . t/ ;f] Dofb leq j/j'emf/y x'g g;Sg] egL
lbPsf] lgj]bg plrt Nffu]df sfof{Nfo k|d'vNf]] yk @! lbgsf] Dofb
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd j/j'emf/ysf] sfd ;dfKt ePkl5
clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmaf6 j/j'emf/y k|df0fkq lNfg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd j'lemlNfg] AolQm ;DjlGwt
k|flws/0fdf xflh/L x'g cfPsf] /x]g5 eg] j'emfpg' kg]{
JolQmNf]] cfkm" eGbf lgs6\td tNNff]] sd{rf/LNffO{ a'emfpg
;Sg]5 / To:tf] sd{rf/LNf]] a'lemlNfO{ ;DjlGwt sd{rf/L
xflh/L ePkl5 a'emfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd a/j'emf/ysf] sfd ;dfKt
ePkl5 ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DjlGwt ljefuNffO{ lbg'kg]{5 .
121
!%=# ;NNffxsf/ ;DjGwL Joj:yfM P]gsf] bkmf !( adf]lhd ;NNffxsf/
lgo'lQm s/f/df \v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 dfq ul/g]5 .
To;/L lgo'Qm ePsf ;NNffxsf/sf] ;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwf ;f]xL
s/f/gfdfdf pNNf]]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
!%=$ lg0f{odf c;/ gkg]{M o; lgodfjNfL adf]lhd clVtof/ k|fKt
clwsf/LNf] u/]sf] sf/jfxLdf tflTjs c;/ gkg]{ ;fgf]ltgf] q'6Laf6
lg0f{odf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .
!%=% pd]/sf] xbM j9'jf k/LIffsf] Nfflu pDd]bjf/ x'g k|flws/0fsf]
sd{rf/LNffO{ pd]/sf] xb NffUg] 5}g .

!%=^ ========================

!%=& =======================
!%=* clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgMM o; lgodfjNfL adf]lhd cfkm"NffO{ k|fKt ePsf]
clwsf/ dxflgb]{zsNf]] ljefuLo k|d'v, sfof{Nfo k|d'v tyf cGo
clws[t sd{rf/LNffO{ oyf]lrt ?kNf] k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{ / ph'/L ;'Gg] clwsf/
k|Tofof]hg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!%=( k|zf;sLo cfb]z lbg] / jfwf c8\\rg km'sfpg] M -!_ k|flws/0fsf
b}lgs Joj:yfkgsf sfo{x?NffO{ k|efjsf/L / ultlzNf t'Nofpg /
;ldltsf] lgb]{zg / k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ leq /xL plrt b]lvPsf
cfb]z, lgb]{zgx? dxflgb]{zsn] ;do ;dodf hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
sd{rf/Lx?Nf] o:tf cfb]z, lgb]{zgx? kfNfgf ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjNfLsf] k|fjwfgx?NffO{ sfof{Gjog ubf{ afwf
c8\rg cfPdf lgodfjNfLsf] ljkl/t gx'g] u/L
dxflgb]{zsNf] To:tf] jfwf c8\rg km'sfpg;Sg]5 .
\

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .
122
:
!%=(-s_kkL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ k|flws/0fsf
sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf] kL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] ;DalGwt
;'kl/j]Ifs jf sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z u/]sf]df pQm txaf6
;dfwfg x'g g;s]df To:tf] kL/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] ;'g' jfO{ ug{
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt u7g x'g5 ] M
-s_ dxflgb]{zs jf dxflgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] jfx|f} txsf] clws[t
–;+of]hs
-v_ k|flws/0fsf] sfg"g zfvf k|d'v –;b:o
-u_ lgb]{zs, k|zf;g ljefu –;b:o ;lrj
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf cfjZostf cg';f/
;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"xsf k|d'v ;d]t cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ k|flws/0fn] kL/dsf{ / u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu' ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%=!) sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/L M o; lgodfjNfLdf ePsf k|fjwfgx?
sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf] v08df ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog
dxflgb]{zsn] ug]{5 .
)
!%=!! lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw / sd{rf/L cfrf/ ;+lxtf jgfpg ;Sg]M -!_ of]
lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/Psf k|fjwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ ;ldltn]
P]g tyf o; lgodfjnLsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfjZos lgb]{lzsf,
sfo{ljlw tyf sd{rf/L cfrf/ ;+lxtf agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf :jLs[t lgb]{lzsf sfo{ljlw tyf
sd{rf/L cfrf/ ;+lxtf nufotsf sfg"gL b:tfj]hx?
k|flws/0fsf] ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|0ffnL -j]e;fO6_ df ;d]t
/fvL ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 .
j
!%=!!-s_ cg';"rL ;+zf]wgM -!_ ;ldltn] o; lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rLdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
:
)
j
123
:
!%=!!-v_ cfof]usf] k/fdz{sf] kfngf ug{'kg]{M -!_ cfof]un] cfjZos
7fg]df sd{rf/L ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL yk ljifodf cfjZos k/fdz{
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cfof]un] lbPsf] k/fdz{sf] kfngf
k|flws/0fn] ug{'kg]{5 .
:
!%=!!-u_c
cfof]usf] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] kffngfM-!_ k|flws/0fsf] sfo{ k|s[lt,
p2]Zo / sfo{ ljlzi6tfsf] sf/0f cfof]uaf6 hf/L ;fdfGo
l;4fGtsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug{ sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePdf cfof]usf]
k/fdz{df o;df ;fdfGo x]/km]/ u/L lgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf
sfo{ljlw ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd cfof]un] hf/L u/]sf]
;fdfGo l;4fGtdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox? :ki6 gePsf
sf/0fn] s'g} sfo{ ug{ tTsfn sl7gfO{ cfOk/]df ;f]
l;4fGtsf] cfzo k|lts"n gx'g] u/L k|flws/0fn] cfjZos
Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf] hfgsf/L
cfof]unfO{ t'?Gt} lbg' kg]{5 .
:
!%=!!-3_ssd{rf/L k|zf;g ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgM Ps cfly{s jif{ el/df
kbk"lt{, ljefuLo sf/jfxL nufot sd{rf/L k|zf;g ;DaGwdf eP
u/]sf sfd sf/jfxLsf] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{
;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq cfof]u / dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!%=!@ arfpMM lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( / lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjNfL,
@)%) adf]lhd eP u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfxLx? of] lgodfjNfL
k|f/De ePkl5 o;} adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
:
124
)
cg';"rL––!
lgod !=@ sf] v08 -3_ ;+u ;DalGwt
ljefuLo k|d'v
!= dxflgb]{zs
@= pkdxflgb]{zs / afx|f} txsf clws[t
#= dxflgb]{zs dftxt /x]sf k|zf;g, cy{, cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f /
xjfO{ ;'/Iff ljefusf P3f/f}+ txsf clws[t /
$= ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo clws[t
)
125
)
cg';"rL––@
-lgod !=@ sf] v08 -ª_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
sfof{no k|d'v
!= cfof]hgf k|d'v
@= gful/s p•og sfof{nosf k|d'v
)
126
cg';"rL #
-lgod @=# ;+u ;DalGwt_
;d"x tyf pk;d"xx?

!= k|zf;g ;]jf
;d"x pk;d"x ;d"x pk;d"x
-c_ k|zf;g -s_ k|zf;g -cf_ cfly{s k|zf;g -s_ Nf]vf
-v_ sfg"g -v_ /fhZj
-u_ tYof+s
-3_ k':tsfno
D
-ª_ Jofkf/ k|zf;g
‡@=
k|fljlws ;]jf
;d"x
-s_ l;len O{lGhlgol/Ë
-v_ On]S6«Lsn O{lGhlgol/Ë
-u_ d]sflgsn O{lGhlgol/Ë
-3_ P/f]gf]l6sn O{lGhlgol/Ë
-ª_ O{Nf]S6«f]lgs P08 6]lnsDo'lgs]zg O{lGhlgol/Ë
-r_ Po/ 6«flkms ;le{;]h
-5_ PlePzg kmfo/ ;le{;]h
-h_ ˆnfO6 ck/]zg ;le{;]h
-em_ Po/kf]6{ ck/]zg ;le{;]h
-`_ ;"rgf k|ljlw
D
bzf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
‡
127
-6_ ljljw M o; ;d"x cGt{ut /xg] kbx?
sDKo"6/ k|f]u|fd/, sDKo"6/ ck/]6/, 6]lnkmf]g ck/]6/,
Sofd/fd]g, PgfpG;/, lnˆ6 ck/]6/, Aofu]h, 6«nL ck/]6/,
kmf]6f]slk ck/]6/, xfn jxfn /x]sf t/ dfly s'g} klg
;]jf ;d"x / pk ;d"xdf gk/]sf kbx? .
b|i6JoM k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ;fljsdf

k|fljlws ;]jf, l;len PlePzg ck/]zg ;d"x cGtu{t
-s_ Po/ 6«flkms ;le{;]h, -v_ PlePzg kmfo/ ;le{;]h /
-u_ ˆnfO{6 ck/]zg ;le{;]h pk;d"xdf k/]sf kbx?
;+zf]lwt Joj:yf c'g;f/ -r_ Po/ 6«flkms ;le{;]h ;d"x,
-5_ PlePzg kmfo/ ;le{;]h ;d"x / -h_ ˆnfO{6 ck/]zg
;le{;]h ;d"xdf :jtM sfod x'g]5g\ .
128

cg';"rL––$
-lgod @=% sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
clws[t / ;xfos :t/sf tx / kbx¿
clws[t :t//
tx kbgfd
jfx|f} pkdxflgb]{zs, dxfk|jGws, k|lti7fg k|d'v
P3f/f}+ lgb]{zs, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
bzf}+ pklgb]{zs, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
gjf}+ k|jGws, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
cf7f}+ pk k|jGws, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
;ftf}+ jl/i7 clws[t, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
5}7f}+ clws[t, ljdfg:yn k|d'v
;xfos :t/
kfrf}+ jl/i7 ;xfos, jl/i7 ;jf/L rfns
rf}yf] ;xfos, ;jf/L rfns, x]Nk/
t]>f] ;jf/L rfns, ;xfos x]Nk/, sfo{ ;xfos
bf]>f] jl/i7 sfof{no ;xof]uL
klxnf] sfof{no ;xof]uL

129
cg';"rL %
sfo{ ljj//0f
-sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] kl/R5]b @, sf] lgod @=^
adf]lhd_
!_ sfof{nosf] gfdM
@_ kbsf] gfdM #_ttx M
$_ ;]jfM %_ ;d"xM ^_ pk;d"xM
&_ lgb]{zgfnoM
*_ dfl;s tnj :s]nM
(_ tfn's clwsf/Lsf] kbM
!)_ :jLs[t ug]{M !!_ :jLs[t ldltM !@_ kbsf] ;+s]t gDa/MM
!#_ kbsf] ;+lIfKt laa/0f / p4]ZoM
!$_ ljefusf] d'Vo sfo{x?M
s_
v_
u_
3_
!%_ kbsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/L M
s_
v_
u_
3_
130
!^_ cfjZos clwsf/ M
s_
v_
u_
3_
!&_ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x? M
s_
v_
u_
3_
!*_ cfaZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M
!(_ af~5gLo of]Uotf M
@)_ ;dfg tyf cGo lgsfox?;+usf] ;DaGw M
@!_ k|ToIf dftxtsf kbflwsf/Lx? M
sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM===================================
;'kl/j]Ifssf] b:tvtM================================
:jLs[t ug]{sf] b:tvtM===============================
131
:
cg';"rL %--s_
-lgod #=@ sf] -!s_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jf tk{m M of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt klxnf] tx,
bf];|f] tx / t];|f] txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd
:t/df kl/0ft ul/g]5 M–
-!_ tx Psdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] kfFr cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP k|yd :t/ / kfFr
cfly{s jif{ k'u]sf] eP bf]>f] :t/df
-@_ tx b'O{df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn]
kfFr cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP låtLo :t/ / kfFr cfly{s
jif{ k'u]sf] eP t[tLo :t/df .
-#_ tx tLgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] kfFr cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP t[tLo :t/ / kfFr
cfly{s jif{ k'u]sf eP rt'y{ :t/df .
-$_ tx rf/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] kfFr cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP rt'y{ :t/ / kfFr
clfy{s jif{ k'u]sf] eP k~rd :t/df .
-v_ k|fljlws ;]jf tk{m M bf];|f] tx / t];|f] txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf]
nflu b]xfo adf]lhd :t/ sfod ul/g]5 M–
-!_ tx b'O{df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf] kfFr
cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP låtLo :t/ / kfFr cfly{s jif{
k'u]sf] eP t[tLo :t/df .
:
132
-@_ tx tLgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf] kfFr
cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP t[tLo :t/ / kfFr cfly{s jif{
k'u]sf] eP rt'y{ :t/df .
-#_ tx rf/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] kfFr cfly{s jif{ gk'u]sf] eP rt'y{ :t/ / kfFr
clfy{s jif{ k'u]sf] eP k~rd :t/df .
133
)
cg';"rL ^
-lgod #=%, lgod ^=# / ^=% -3_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_
s_ k|zf;g ;]jf
tx ;]jf ;d"x pk;d"x v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf nflu cfGtl/s sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df
k|ltof]lutfsf nflu a9'jfsf] nflu
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 P;= Pn= —
rf}yf] k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g ;L= jf P;=O{=O{= df sDtLdf b'O{ hL=kL=P= —
k|fKt jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 P;= Pn= —
cfly{s
134
rf}yf] k|zf;g n]vf ;L= jf P;=O{=O{= df sDtLdf b'O{ hL=kL=P= —
k|zf;g k|fKt jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 P;= Pn= –
cfly{s
rf}yf] k|zf;g /fhZj ;L= jf P;=O{=O{= df sDtLdf b'O{ hL=kL=P=
k|zf;g
k|fKt jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|lj0ftf ;+:yfaf6 P;=Pn=;L jf
kf+rf} k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ . — P;=O{=O{ df sDtLdf b'O{
hL=kL=P= k|fKt jf ;f]
;/x pQL0f{ .
kf+rf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k':tsfno dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno — –
)
ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ jf
s'g} laifodf k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq pQL0f{ u/L
k':tsfno ;DaGwL slDtdf Ps dlxgfsf]
tfnLd k|fKt .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 afl0fHo
cfly{s
kf+rf}+ k|zf;g n]vf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf — –
k|zf;g
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 afl0fHo
cfly{s
kf+rf}+ k|zf;g /fhZj zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf — –
k|zf;g
135
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 :gfts tx ;+:Yffaf6 :gfts ;+:Yffaf6 k|lj0ftf
5}7f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ . tx jf ;f] ;/x k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ . pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:Yffaf6 sfg'g
5}7f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g sfg'g – –
ljifodf :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;+:yfaf6 :gfts ;+:yfaf6 k|jL0ftf
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno tx jf ;f] ;/x k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/L
5}7f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k':tsfno
ljifodf :gfts tx pQL0f{ . pQL0f{ k':tsfno ;DaGwL
slDtdf Ps dlxgfsf]
tfnLd k|fKt .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
cfly{s zf:q, cy{zf:q jf
5}7f}+ k|zf;g n]vf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
k|zf;g Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ . k|zf;gdf k|df0fkq tx
:gfts tx jf ;f]
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ .
;/x pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 tYof+s
;+:yfaf6 s'g} ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf
5}7f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g tYof+s zf:q jf ul0ft ljifo ;lxt s'g} ljifodf
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ljifodf :gfts tx k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
136
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo
5}7f}+ k|zf;g cfly{s /fhZj
zf:q, cy{zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf
k|zf;g Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf k|zf;gdf k|lj0ftf
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ .
:gfts tx jf ;f] k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x
;/x pQL0f{ . pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 Jofkf/
Jofkf/ – –
5}7f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g jf afl0fHozf:q jf cy{zf:q
k|zf;g
d"n ljifo lnO{ :gfts tx pQL0f{ .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 :gftsf]Q/ ;+:yfaf6 :gfts
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g ;+:yfaf6 :gfts tx jf
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ tx jf ;f] ;/x
;f] ;/x pQL0f{
pQL0f{
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g sfg"g dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g ljifodf
ljifodf :gfts tx :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 tYof+s
;+:yfaf6 s'g} ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g tYof+s zf:q jf ul0ft ljifo ;lxt s'g} ljifodf
ljifodf :gfts tx k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf
:gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k':tsfno dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ljifodf :gfts tx ljifodf :gfts tx jf
137
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
;ftf}+ k|zf;g n]vf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
:gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g /fhZj zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
:gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;/x pQL0f{
;ftf}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g Jofkf/ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 Jofkf/ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
k|zf;g k|zf;g jf afl0fHo zf:q jf cy{zf:q ;+:yfaf6 Jofkf/ ;+:yfaf6 Jofkf/ k|zf;g
d"n ljifo lnO{ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x k|zf;g jf afl0fHo jf afl0fHo zf:q jf
pQL0f{ zf:q jf cy{zf:q cy{zf:q d"n ljifo lnO{
d"n ljifo lnO{ :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
:gfts tx jf ;f] pQL0f{
;/x pQL0f{
cf7f}+, dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 s'g} klg ;+:yfaf6 s'g} klg ;+:yfaf6 s'g} klg
gjf}+ / k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ljifodf :gfts tx ljifodf :gfts tx jf
bzf}+
cf7f}+,
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g ;+:yfaf6 sfg'g ljifodf
138
gjf}+ / k|zf;g k|zf;g sfg"g
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ljifodf :gfts tx :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
bzf}+
jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ pQL0f{
cf7f}+, dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 tYofÍ
gjf}+ / k|zf;g k|zf;g tYofÍ zf:q jf ul0ft ljifo ;lxt s'g} ljifodf – –
bzf}+ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
cf7f}+ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
gjf}+ / k|zf;g cfly{s n]vf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
bzf}+ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
;/x pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
cf7f}+ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
cfly{s
gjf}+ / k|zf;g /fhZj zf:q, cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
k|zf;g
bzf}+ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ zf:q, cy{zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
:gfts tx jf ;f] jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;/x pQL0f{
cf7f}+ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
Jofkf/ zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf zf:q, cy{zf:q jf
gjf}+ / k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g cy{zf:q d"n ljifo lnO{ :gftsf]Q/ tx Jofkf/ k|zf;gdf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
bzf}+ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
;/x pQL0f{ jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
139
cf7f}+
gjf}+ / k|zf;g k|zf;g k':tsfno lj1fgdf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x lj1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 k':tsfno
pQL0f{ / k':tsfno ;DjGwL slDtdf ^ :gfts tx jf ;f] lj1fg ljifodf :gfts
bzf}+ dlxgfsf] tfnLd k|fKt tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
;/x pQL0f{
cfly{s rf6{8{ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 rf6{8{

gaf}+ k|zf;g
k|zf;g Psf06]06 PsfpG6]06 jf ;f] ;/xsf] l8u|L k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 :gfts
P3f/f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g ;+:yfaf6:gfts tx jf
tx jf ;f] ;/x ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
pQL0f{
cfly{s dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
P3f/f}+ k|zf;g – ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo ;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q
k|zf;g
zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
jf Jofkf/ k|zf;g k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
jf cy{ zf:q d"n jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
ljifo lnO{ :gfts
tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
zf:q jf cy{zf:q
;+:yfaf6 afl0fHo zf:q,
Jofkf/ jf Jofkf/ k|zf;g
P3f/f}+ k|zf;g k|zf;g k|zf;g jf cy{ zf:q d'n
cy{zf:q jf Jofkf/
k|zf;gdf :gfts tx
140
ljifo lnO :gfts jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{
tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{
cf7f}+,
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
gjf}+, ;]jf÷;d"xLs[t
bzf}+ / gx'g] v'nf – ;+:yfaf6 :gfts tx jf
;f] ;/x pQL0f{
P3f/f}+
v_ k|fljlws ;]jf
tx ;]jf ;d"x pk;d"x v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfsf nflu cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf sfo{ Ifdtfsf]
nflu cfwf/df a9'jfsf] nflu
k|fljlws lzIff tyf bzd sIff pQL0f{ /
Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f ;DalGwt laifodf ^
dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 dlxgfsf] tflnd jf Ps
;DjlGwt ljifodf ;Lksf] aif{sf] sfof{g'ej, jf
sDtLdf tx b'O{sf] k|df0fkq k|fljlws lzIff tyf
k|fKt Joj;flos tflnd
141
rf}yf] k|fljlws d]sflgsn – kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf k|fKt
OlGhlgol/+u ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
ljifodf ;Lksf] sDtLdf
tx Pssf] k|df0fkq
k|fKt .
k|fljlws lzIff tyf

Joj;flos tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f
On]lS6«sn dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfjf6
rf}yf] k|fljlws –
OlGhlgol/+u ;DjlGwt ljifodf ;Lksf]
sDtLdf tx b'O{sf] k|df0fkq
k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f — —
;+:yfjf6 P;=O{=O{= jf ;f]
;/x pQL0f{ u/L gful/s
PlePzg kmfo/
p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt
rf}yf] k|fljlws ;le{;];
;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf
ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f
;DjGwL cfwf/e"t tflnd
k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f — dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq ;+:yfaf6 P;= Pn= ;L= jf
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/L ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/L
PlePzg kmfo/
142
gful/s p8\8og;Fu gful/s p8\8og;Fu
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws ;le{;]; ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6 ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6
lhjgf]4f/ tyf ljdfg:yn lhjgf]4f/ tyf ljdfg:yn
cUgL lgjf/0f ;DjGwL cUgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL
cfwf/e"t tflnd k|fKt cfwf/e"t tflnd k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f — P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/x
;:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn pQL0f{ u/L On]lS6«sn
O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf ;DaGwL ^ dlxgfsf]
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] tfnLd jf Ps jif{sf]
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws On]lS6«sn — ;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws sfof{g'ej jf k|fljlws
OlGhlgol/Ë lzIff tyf Joj;flos lzIff tyf Joj;flos
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf
k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
ljifodf ;Lksf] tx tLgsf] ljifodf ;Lksf] sDtLdf
k|df0fkq k|fKt tx b'O{sf] k|df0fkq k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f — P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/x
;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn pQL0f{ u/L d]sflgsn
O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf O{lGhlgol/Ë ;DaGwL ^
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] dlxgfsf] tfnLd jf Ps
;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws jif{sf] sfof{g'ej jf
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws d]sflgsn — lzIff tyf Joj;flos k|fljlws lzIff tyf
OlGhlgol/Ë tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf Joj;flos tfnLd
k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf k|fKt
ljifodf ;Lksf] tx tLgsf] ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
143
k|df0fkq k|fKt ljifodf ;Lksf] sDtLdf
tx b'O{sf] k|df0fkq k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 On]S6«f]lgS;÷
On]S6«f]lgS; P08
6]lnsDo"lgs]zg
OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
On]S6«f]lgS; P08
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f]
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg –
;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws
OlGhlgol/Ë lzIff tyf Joj;flos
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf
k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
ljifodf ;Lksf] tx tLgsf]
k|df0fkq k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f –
;+:yfaf6
;"rgf k|ljlw ljifodf
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws ;"rgf k|ljlw –
;/x pQL0f{ jf dfGotf k|fKt –
-cfO{=l6=_ lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 s'g}
ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ /
;"rgf k|ljlw ljifodf ^
dlxgfsf] tflnd k|fKt
144
;+:yfaf6 l;len
OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws
kf+rf}+ k|fljlws l;len OlGhlgol/Ë — lzIff tyf Joj;flos
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf
k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
ljifodf ;Lksf] tx tLgsf]
k|df0fkq k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq ;+:yfaf6 k|lj0ftf
PlePzg kmfo/
5}7f}+ k|fljlws — tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x
;le{;];
u/]sf] / gful/s p8\8og pQL0f{ u/]sf] / gful/s
;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6 p8\8og ;Fu ;DjlGwt
lhjgf]4f/ tyf ljdfg:yn ;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf
cUgL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f
cfwf/e"t / yk Ps ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t / yk
dlxgfsf] tflnd k|fKt Ps dlxgfsf] tflnd k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn
O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf
O{n]lS6«sn ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf
5}7f}+ k|fljlws —
OlGhlgol/Ë lzIff tyf Joj;flos Joj;flos tfnLd
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf k|fKt
145
k|fKt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt ;+:yfjf6 ;DjlGwt
ljifodf ;Lksf] tx tLgsf] ljifodf ;Lksf] tx
k|df0fkq k|fKt tLgsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn
O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
d]sflgsn ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf
5}7f}+ k|fljlws — lzIff tyf Joj;flos k|fljlws lzIff tyf
OlGhlgol/Ë tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf Joj;flos tfnLd
k|df0fkq k|fKt ljifodf ;Lksf] tx
tLgsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 ;+:yfaf6
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷O{n]S6«f]lgS; O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷O{n]S6«f]lgS;
P08 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg P08 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg
OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
On]S6«f]lgs P08 k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf
5}7f}+ k|fljlws 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg – ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf
OlGhlgol/Ë lzIff tyf Joj;flos k|fljlws lzIff tyf
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf Joj;flos tfnLd
146
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 lzIf0f;+:yfaf6 ;+:yfaf6;"rgf k|ljlw
;"rgf k|ljlw -cfO{=l6=_ jf ;"rgf k|ljlw ljifodf ljifodf k|lj0ftf
Pd=cfO{=P;=ljifodf :gfts k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq tx jf k|df0fkq tx jf ;f] ;/x
5}7f}+ k|fljlws ;"rgf k|ljlw –
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf dfGotf pQL0f{ jf dfGotf k|fKt
-cfO{=l6=_ k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 s'g} lzIf0f ;+:yfjf6 s'g}
ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq ljifodf k|lj0ftf k|df0fkq
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ / tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ /
;"rgf k|ljlw ljifodf ^ ;"rgf k|ljlw ljifodf ^
dlxgfsf] tflnd k|fKt dlxgfsf] tflnd k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 l;len ;+:yfaf6 l;len
;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf k|fljlws ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ jf
5}7f}+ k|fljlws l;len OlGhlgol/Ë — lzIff tyf Joj;flos k|fljlws lzIff tyf
tfnLd kl/ifbåf/f dfGotf Joj;flos tfnLd
147
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 :gfts tx jf ;f] ;+:yfaf6 :gfts tx jf
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] / ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] /
pQL0f{ / gful/s gful/s p8\8og;Fu gful/s p8\8og;Fu
p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6 ;DjlGwt ;+:yfaf6
PlePzg kmfo/
;ftf}+ k|fljlws ;le{;]; ;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf lhjgf]4f/ tyf cUgL lhjgf]4f/ tyf cUgL
ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f lgjf/0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t lgjf/0f ;DjGwL cfwf/e"t
;DjGwL cfwf/e"t tflnd / ! dlxgfsf] yk tfnLd / slDtdf ! dlxgfsf] yk
k|fKt / slDtdf ! dlxgfsf] k|fKt . tfnLd k|fKt .
;DalGwt laifosf] yk
tfnLd k|fKt .
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 lj1fg jf ;"rgf
k|ljlw -cfO{=l6_ jf
Joj:yfkg jf OlGhlgol/Ë
;ftf}+ k|fljlws Po/ 6«flkms ljifodf :gfts tx jf ;f]
;le{;]; ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] /
k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 slDtdf ^ dlxgf
cjlwsf] cfwf/e"t Po/
6«flkms ;le{;]h tflnd k|fKt
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
148
;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ;lxt
bz hf]8 b'O{ plQ0f{ u/L
cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p•og
;ftf}+ k|fljlws ˆnfO6 ck/];g ;+u7gsf ;b:o /fi6«af6
sdl;{on kfOn6 nfO;]G; -
l;=lk=Pn_ k|fKt u/]sf] /
slDtdf kfFr ;o 306fsf]
p8fg cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf]
;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn
On]lS6«sn —
;ftf}+ k|fljlws OlGhlgol/Ë O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ pQL0f{ pQL0f{
;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn
d]sflgsn —
;ftf}+ k|fljlws O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf O{lGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
OlGhlgol/Ë
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
;+:yfaf6 ;+:yfaf6 ;+:yfaf6
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷O{n]S6«f]lgS; O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷O{n]S6«f]lgS; O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷O{n]S6«f]lgS;
;ftf}+ k|fljlws On]S6«f]lgS; P08 — P08 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg P08 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg P08 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg
6]lnsDo"lgs]zg OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf :gfts OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
tx jf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
149
pQL0f{ pQL0f{
;+:yfaf6 l;len OlGhlgol/Ë ;+:yfaf6 l;len ;+:yfaf6 l;len
;ftf}+ k|fljlws l;len OlGhlgol/Ë – ljifodf :gfts tx jf ;f] OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ pQL0f{
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ;lxt
:gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L
;ftf}+ k|fljlws Po/jlb{g]z Po/qmfˆ6 d]lG6g]G; nfO;]G;
k|fKt u/]sf] jf
d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z÷P
/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf
:gfts tx pQL0f{ u/L
jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/ jf
slG6Go"OË Po/ jlb{g]zdf
slDtdf b'O{ jif{sf] cg'ej
k|fKt u/]sf]
;+:yfaf6 O{n]S6«f]lgS; jf ;+:yfaf6 O{n]S6«f]lgS; jf ;+:yfaf6 O{n]S6«f]lgS; jf
O{n]S6«f]lgS; P08 O{n]S6«f]lgS; P08 O{n]S6«f]lgS; P08
6]lnsDo"lgs]zg OlGhlgol/Ë 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg
cf7f}+, ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
150
gjf}+ On]lS6«f]lgS; P08 ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ u/]sf] :gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] jf :gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]sf]
/ k|fljlws 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg — s'g} ljifodf :gfts tx jf s'g} ljifodf :gfts
bzf}+ pQL0f{ u/L k|flws/0faf6 tx pQL0f{ u/L
dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt
slDtdf ! jif{sf] ;+:yfaf6 slDtdf ! jif{sf]
P/f]gl6sn /]l8of] d]lG6g]G; P/f]gl6sn /]l8of]
tfnLd k|fKt d]lG6g]G; tfnLd k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf
cf7f}+, :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
gjf}+ k|fljlws PlePzg kmfo/ pQL0f{ u/]sf] / gful/s pQL0f{ / gful/s pQL0f{ / gful/s
/ ;le{;]h
p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt
bzf}+
;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf ;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf ;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf
ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f
;DjGwL cfwf/e"t / slDtdf ;DjGwL tflnd k|fKt ;DjGwL tflnd k|fKt
! dlxgfsf] yk tflnd k|fKt

;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf
:gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
cf7f}+, pQL0f{ / k|flws/0faf6 pQL0f{ / k|flws/0faf6 pQL0f{ / k|flws/0faf6
gjf}+ k|fljlws Po/ 6«flkms dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 Ps} dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 Ps} dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6
/ ;le{;]h r/0f jf csf]{ r/0fdf u/L r/0f jf csf]{ r/0fdf u/L Ps} r/0f jf csf]{ r/0fdf
bzf}+ slDtdf Ps jif{ cjlwsf] slDtdf Ps jif{ cjlwsf] u/L slDtdf Ps jif{
151
cfwf/e"t Po/ 6«flkms cfwf/e"t Po/ 6«flkms cjlwsf] cfwf/e"t Po/
;le{;]h tfnLd k|fKt ;le{;]h tfnLd k|fKt 6«flkms ;le{;]h tfnLd
k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q
;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{ ;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{ ;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{
u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s
cf7f}+, k|fljlws ˆnfO6 ck/];g p•og ;+u7gsf] s'g} ;b:o p•og ;+u7gsf] ;b:o p•og ;+u7gsf] ;b:o
gjf}+
/fi6«af6 Po/ 6«fG;kf]6{ /fi6«af6 sdl;{on kfOn6 /fi6«af6 sdl;{on kfOn6
kfOn6 nfO;]G; k|fKt u/L nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] / nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] /
slDtdf b'O{xhf/ 306fsf] slDtdf kfFr;o 306fsf] slDtdf kfFr;o 306fsf]
p8fg cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] p8fg cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] p8fg cg'ej xfl;n
u/]sf]
bzf}+ txsf] nflu dfq dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf
;+:yfaf6 la1fg ljifodf ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{ ;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{
bzf}+ ;lxt bz hf]8 b'O{ pQL0f{ u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s
/ k|fljlws ˆnfO6 ck/];g u/L cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p•og ;+u7gsf ;b:o p•og ;+u7gsf ;b:o
P3f/f}+ p•og ;+u7gsf] ;b:o /fi6«af6 sdl;{on kfOn6 /fi6«af6 sdl;{on kfOn6
/fi6«af6 Po/ 6«fG;kf]6{ nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] / nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] /
kfOn6 nfO;]G; k|fKt u/L slDtdf kfFr;o 306fsf] slDtdf kfFr;o 306fsf]
slDtdf kfFrxhf/ 306fsf] p8fg cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] p8fg cg'ej xfl;n
p8fg cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] u/]sf]
152
cf7f}+,
;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn
gjf}+ On]lS6«sn
k|fljlws – OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
/ OlGhlgol/Ë
bzf}+
cf7f}+, dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
gjf}+ d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn
k|fljlws – OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
/ OlGhlgol/Ë
bzf}+
cf7f}+, dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
gjf}+ ;+:yfaf6 l;len OlGhlgol/Ë ;+:yfaf6 l;len ;+:yfaf6 l;len
k|fljlws l;len OlGhlgol/Ë –
/ ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
bzf}+ ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ pQL0f{

;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ;lxt ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/L ;lxt :gfts tx plQ0f{ ;lxt :gfts tx plQ0f{
Po/qmfˆ6 d]lG6g]G; nfO;]G; u/L Po/qmfˆ6 d]lG6g]G; u/L Po/qmfˆ6 d]lG6g]G;
k|fKt u/]sf] . jf nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] . jf nfO;]G; k|fKt u/]sf] . jf
d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷ d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷ d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z÷P O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z÷ O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z
153
/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf ÷P/f]gl6sn
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/L :gfts u/L jfo'ofg dd{t OlGhlgol/Ëdf :gfts u/L
cf7f}+, jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/ jf ;+ef/ jf slG6Go"OË Po/ jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/ jf
/ k|fljlws Po/jlb{g]z slG6Go"OË Po/ jlb{g]zdf jlb{g]zdf slDtdf b'O{ slG6Go"OË Po/ jlb{g]zdf
gjf}+ slDtdf kfFr jif{sf] sfo{ jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt slDtdf b'O{ jif{sf] sfo{
cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf] . jf u/]sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf]
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z÷P
/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf
:gfts u/L jfo'ofg dd{t
;+ef/ jf slG6Go"OË Po/
jlb{g]zdf slDtdf ;ft
jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt
u/]sf]
bzf} txsf nflu dfq dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf
;+:yfaf6 lj1fg ljifodf ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q
ul0ft / ef}lts zf:q ;lxt ;lxt :gfts tx plQ0f{ ;lxt :gfts tx plQ0f{
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/L u/]sf] jf u/]sf] jf
Po/qmfˆ6 d]lG6g]G; nfO;]G; d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷ d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷
k|fKt u/L slDtdf bz jif{sf] O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷Po/jlb{g]z÷P O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷Po/jlb{g]z÷
sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf] . jf /f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf
d]sflgsn÷On]lS6«sn÷ :gfts pQL0f{ u/L jfo'ofg :gfts pQL0f u/L
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷Po/jlb{g]z÷P/f] dd{t ;+ef/ jf slG6Go"OË jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/ jf
bzf}+, gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf Po/ jlb{g]zdf slDtdf b'O{ slG6Go"OË Po/ jlb{g]zdf
154
/ k|fljlws Po/jlb{g]z :gftsf]Q/ plQ0f{ u/L jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt slDtdf b'O{ jif{sf] sfo{
P3f/f}+ slDtdf ;ft jif{ jfo'ofg u/]sf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf]
dd{t ;+ef/ jf slG6Go"OË
Po/ jlb{g]zdf sfo{ cg'ej
k|fKt u/]sf] . jf
O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷÷Po/jlb{g]z÷
P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/Ëdf
:gfts jfo'ofg dd{t ;+ef/
jf slG6Go"OË Po/ jlb{g]zdf
slDtdf bz jif{sf] sfo{
cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf]
On]S6«f]lgS; P08 dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
P3f/f}+ k|fljlws —
6]lnsDo"lgs]zg ;+:yfaf6 O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷ ;+:yfaf6 O{n]S6«f]lgS;÷
OlGhlgol/Ë O{n]S6«f]lgS; P08 O{n]S6«f]lgS; P08
6]lnsDo"lgs]zg 6]lnsDo"lgs]zg
:gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ pQL0f{
jf jf
;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf ;+:yfaf6 s'g} ljifodf
:gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] / :gfts tx pQL0f{ /
k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt
;+:yfaf6 slDtdf Ps ;+:yfaf6 slDtdf Ps
155
aif{sf] P/f]gl6sn /]l8of] aif{sf] P/f]gl6sn /]l8of]
d]lG6g]G; tflnd k|fKt d]lG6g]G; tflnd k|fKt
pQL0f{ u/]sf] / gful/s pQL0f{ / gful/s
PlePzg kmfo/
P3f/f}+ k|fljlws ;le{;]h
p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt p8\8og;Fu ;DjlGwt
;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf ;+:yfaf6 lhjgf]4f/ tyf
ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f ljdfg:yn cUgL lgjf/0f
;DjGwL tflnd k|fKt . ;DjGwL tflnd k|fKt .
pQL0f{ u/]sf] / pQL0f{ u/]sf] /
k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt k|flws/0faf6 dfGotf k|fKt
P3f/f}+ k|fljlws Po/ 6«flkms ;+:yfaf6 Ps} r/0f jf csf]{ ;+:yfaf6 Ps} r/0f jf
;le{;]h r/0fdf u/L slDtdf ! jif{ csf]{ r/0fdf u/L slDtdf
cjlwsf] cfwf/e"t Po/ ! jif{ cjlwsf] cfwf/e"t
6«flkms ;le{;]h tflnd Po/ 6«flkms ;le{;]h
k|fKt . tflnd k|fKt
156
k|fljlws ;]jf cGtu{t h'g
;d"x pk;d"xdf axfn
/x]sf] 5, ;f]xL ;d"x,
cf7f}+ pk;d"xsf] lgh sfo{/t
gjf}+ txeGbf Ps tx dflysf]
k|fljlws ;d"xLs[t gx'g] —
bzf}+ kbdf sfo{Ifdtfsf
P3f/f}+ cfwf/df a9'jfsf nflu
o;} cg';"rLdf tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf
tyf tfnLd k|fKt
On]lS6«sn ÷ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f
d]sflgsn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn ;+:yfaf6 On]lS6«sn
P3f/f}+ k|fljlws OlGhlgol/Ë — OlGhlgol/Ë jf d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/Ë jf d]sflgsn
pQL0f{ pQL0f{

;+:yfaf6 l;len ;+:yfaf6 l;len
P3f/f+ k|fljlws l;len OlGhlgol/Ë — OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf OlGhlgol/Ë ljifodf
pQL0f{ . pQL0f{ .
b|i6Jo M
157
!= of] lgodfjnL nfu' x''geGbf cufl8 k|fljlws ;]jf l;len PlePzg ck/]zg ;d"x, Po/ 6«flkms ;le{;]h
pk;d"xsf] kbdf ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;]jf k|j]z / a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu æs'g} klg ljifodf
:gftsÆ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf / æs'g} klg ljifodf :gftsf]Q/Æ Ps tx dflysf] ;DjlGwt ljifosf] z}lIfs
of]Uotfsf] ?kdf dfGo x'g]5 .
cg';"rL––&
-lgod #=( ;Fu ;DalGwt_

k|wfg sfof{no, aa/dxn, sf7df8f}+
k|fljlws÷ck|fljlws kbsf]
v'nf÷cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf
pDd]bjf/sf] b/vf:t kmf/fd
-cf=a=================_
lj1fkg g+= /f]n g+=
gfd, y/M k/LIff s]Gb|M
kbM
txM
;]jf ;d"x pk;d"x
s_ dlxnf
gf]6M v'nf k|ltuf]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbx? dWo]
v_ cflbjf;L÷hghftL
lgodfg';f/ tf]lsPsf ;d"xsf pDd]baf/x? aLr dfq
u_ dw];L
k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg elg 5'6\ofOPsf] kbx?sf] kbk"lt{sf
3_ blnt
nflu ePsf] lj1fkgdf b/vf:t lbg' ePsf] ;d"x lrGx
ª_ ckfË
-)_ nufpg'xf];\ .
r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q
d"No ¿= !)).–
158
sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{
k/LIffsf] ;+s]t g+= g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f ;fO{hsf] k"/} d'vfs[lt b]lvg]
/f]n g+=÷lj1fkg b:tvt kmf/fd kmf]6f] 6fF;L kmf]6f]df ;d]t kg]{
g+=÷;'rgf g+= -v'nf÷cfGtl/s k| ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf nflu_ u/L pDd]bjf/n] b:tvt ug]{ .
==========÷==========÷==========
-s_ pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fd e/]sf] kb ;DaGwL ljj/0f

!= lj1fkg g+= @= v'nf÷cf=k|=M #= kbM $= ;]jfM
%= ;d"xM ^= pk ;d"xM &= txM *= k/LIff s]Gb|M
(= v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbx? dWo] lgodfg';f/ s_ dlxnf v_
tf]lsPsf] ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/x? aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ cflbjf;L÷hghftL
u/fpg egL 5'6\ofO{Psf kbx?sf] kbk"lt{sf nflu ePsf] u_ dw];L 3_ blnt
lj1fkgdf b/vf:t lbg'ePsf] eP ;d"x lrGx -)_ ª_ ckfË r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q
nufpg'xf];\ .
-v_ pDd]bjf/sf] j}olQms ljj/0fM

b]jgful/df
gfd, y/
pDd]bjf/sf] c+u|]hL 7"nf] cIf/df lnËM
gful/stf g+= hf/L ug]{ lhNnfM ldltM
:yfoL 7]ufgf s_ lhNnfM v_ g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= u_ j8f g+=
3_ 6f]nM ª_ dfu{÷3/ g+= r_ kmf]g g+=
kqfrf/ ug]{ 7]ufgfM O{d]nM
afa'sf] gfd, y/M cfdfsf] gfd, y/M
afh]sf] gfd, y/M klt÷kTgLsf] gfd, y/M
hGd ldlt -lj=;+=df_ -O{:jL ;Djtdf+_ xfn pd]/M jif{ dlxgf
-u_ z}lIfs of]Uotf÷tflnd -b/vf:t kmf/d e/]sf] kbsf] nflu rflxg]

cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf÷tflnd dfq pNn]v ug]{_
cfjZos Go"gtd ljZjljBfno÷af]8{÷ z}lIfs d"n
;+sfo >]0fL÷k|ltzt
of]Uotf tflnd lbg] ;+:yf pkflw÷tflnd ljifo
z}lIfs of]Uotf
tflnd
-3_ cg'ej ;DaGwL ljj/0f -b/vf:t kmf/d e/]sf] kbsf] nflu rflxg]
cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf÷tflnd dfq pNn]v ug]{_
cjlw
sfof{no kb ;]jf÷;d"x÷pk;d"x tx :yfoL÷c:yfoL÷s/f/
b]lv ;Dd
159
c;fwf/0f labf lnPsf] eP cjlwM =================== b]lv =================== ;Dd
d}n] o; b/vf:tdf v'nfPsf ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx? ;To 5g\ . b/vf:t a'emfPsf] kbsf]
lj1fkgsf] nflu cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L s'g} ;hfo kfPsf] 5}g . s'g} s'/f 9fF6] jf n'sfPsf]
7xl/Pdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;xg]5'÷a'emfpg]5' . pDd]bjf/n] kfng ug]{ egL k|rlnt
sfg"g tyf o; b/vf:t kmf/fddf k[i7x?df pNn]lvt ;a} zt{ tyf lgodx? kfng ug{
d~h'/ ub{5' .
pDd]bjf/sf] NofKr] ;lx5fk pDd]bjf/n] dfly pNn]v u/]sf] cg'ejsf] ljj/0f l7s 5
bfofF afofF egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ clws[tsf] b:tvt
gfd, y/M
pDd]bjf/sf] b:tvt kb÷bhf{M
ldltM ldltM sfof{nosf] 5fk
k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Ln] eg]{
/l;b÷ef}r/ g+= /f]n g+=
b/vf:t c:jLs[t eP ;f]sf] sf/0fM
b/vf:t ?h' ug]{sf] b:tvtM

b/vf:t :jLs[t÷c:jLs[t ug]{sf] b:tvtM
ldlt
ldltM
b|i6JoM b/vf:t;fy lj1fkgdf pNn]lvt nufot lgDg lnlvt sfuhftx? clgjfo{ ?kdf
pDd]bjf/ cfkm}n] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
!_ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk,
@_ ;dsIftf / ;Da4tf cfjZos kg]{df ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk,
#_ lj1fkg ePsf] kbsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq / rfl/lqs
k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk -tflnd / cg'ej cfjZos kg]{df ;f] ;d]tsf] k|ltlnlk_,
$_ g]=gf=p= k|flws/0f sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf]
lgod #=@ sf] pklgod -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw];L /
blnt pDd]bjf/n] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf] eGg] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
%_ ;]jf ;DaGwL P]g÷lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] eP ;DalGwt Joj;flos kl/ifb\df gfd btf{
ePsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk .
160
sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f kl/IffyL{sf] ;+s]t g+=
/f]n g+=÷lj1fkg g+=÷;'rgf g+=
==========÷==========÷==========
pDd]bjf/x?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf cfkm} n] lgDg ljj/0fx? :ki6 a'lemg]u/L pNn]v ug{'xf]nf .
;DalGwt ljsNksf] qmd;+Vofdf uf]nL -)_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .
!= pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fd e/]sf] kb ;DaGwL ljj/0fM

s kbM lj1fkg g+= lsl;d÷;d"x
v kbk"lt{sf] tl/sfM != cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf @= v'nf k|ltof]lutf
u kbsf] lsl;dM != k|fljlws @= ck|fljlws
3 ;]jf != k|zf;g
@= k|fljlws
;d'x -n]Vg'xf];\_+ ª_ tx txM != k|yd, @= bf]>f] , #= t]>f], $= rf}yf] , %=

kfFrf}, ^= 5}6f}+, &= ;ftf}+, *= cf7f}+, ( gjf}+,
pk;d"x -n]Vg'xf];\_
!) bzf}+ , !! P3f/f}+
@= pDd]bjf/sf] JolQmut ljj/0fM

s= pDd]bjf/sf] gful/stf g+=M
gfd, y/M ======================== ======================= ========================
-klxnf] gfd_ -larsf]_ -clGtd cyf{t y/_
v= hft -n]Vg'xf];\_
u= hGd :yfg / :yfoL 7]ufgfM hGd :yfgM lhNnfM ==================== != uf=lj=; jf @= g=kf=
:yfoL 7]ufgfM lhNnf ================= != uf=lj=; jf @= g=kf=
3= b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldltdf k'U g] pd]/ ==================== jif{ =================== dlxgf
ª= lnË != k'?if @= dlxnf
r= wd{ != lxGb' @= af}4 #= O{: nfd $= O{;fO{ %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========
5= j}jflxs l:ylt != ljjflxt @= cljjflxt #= ljwjf÷ljw'/ $= cnu eO{ a;]sf]
h= tkfO{ cfkm"nfO{ s] eGg' ?rfpg' x'G5 <
!= lxdfnL @= kxf8L #= t/fO{ $= lk5l8Psf] If]q %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========
em= tkfO{ cfkm"nfO{ s'g ;d"x÷ju{df /fVg' x'G5 <
161
!= cflbjf;L÷hghflt @= blnt #= j}Z o $= If]qL %= a|fDx0f ^= dw];L
&= d';ndfg *= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========
` pDd]bjf/sf] /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf != a]/f]huf/ @= ;/sf/L ;]jf #= cGo k]zf -pNn]v ug]{_ =======
6= dft[efiff -n]Vg'xf];\_
7= zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm x'g'x'G5 < != 5' @= 5}g
olb x'g'x'G5 eg] s:tf] k\sf/sf] zf/Ll/s czQmtf xf] v'nfpg' xf]nf ======
8= z}lIfs ;+sfo != dfgljls @= sfg"g #= Joj:yfkg $= lzIff %= lj1fg

-s'g} Psdf dfq lrGx nufpg'xf]nf_ ^= OlGhlgol/Ë &= lrlsT;f *= s[lif (= jg
!)= ;+:s[t !!= cGo s'g} eP pNn]v ug]{
cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k|f KtfÍ k|ltzt
cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of}uotf eGbf dflyNnf] z} lIfs of]UotfM != 5, tx pNn]v ug]{ @= 5}g
9= tkfO{n] cWoog u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yf s:tf] k|sf/sf] xf] < != ;fd'bflos -;/sf/L_ @= ;+:yfut -lghL_ #= ljb]zL
SLC, O-Lvel, A-Leveljf +2 k9]sf] ljBfnoM != ;fd'bflos -;/sf/L_ @= ;+:yfut -lghL_
ljZjljBfnoM #= ljb]zL ===============
ljZjfljBfnosf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ M
0f= z}lIfs cj:yfM cfdf != lg/If/ @= ;fIf/ #= P;=Pn=;L= ;Dd $= pRr lzIff
afa' != lg/If/ @= ;fIf/ #= P;=Pn=;L= ;Dd $= pRr lzIff
cfdf÷afa'sf] d'Vo k]zf -s'g} Ps_ != s[lif @= Jofkf/÷Joj;fo #= lzIf0f -lghL÷;/sf/L_ $= u}/;/sf/L
%= ;/sf/L ;]jf ^= cGo eP -pNn]v ug]{_ ============
dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0fx? 7Ls 5g\

=================================
pDd]bjf/sf] b:tvt
pDd]bjf/n] kfng ug'{kg]{ lgodx?

!= k/LIff lbg cfpFbf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|j]z kq Nofpg' kg]{5 .
k|j]zkq lagf k/LIffdf a:g kfOg] 5}g .
@= k/LIff xn leq df]afOn kmf]gsf] k|of]u lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 .
#= lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sflzt ePkl5 cGtjf{tf{ x'g] lbgdf
klg k|j]zkq Nofpg' clgjfo{ 5 .
$= k/LIff z'? x'g' eGbf !% ldg]6 cufl8 306Låf/f ;"rgf u/]kl5
k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{ lbOg]5, j:t'ut k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{
162
lbOg]5, j:t'ut k/LIff z'? ePsf] !% ldg]6 kl5 / ljifout
k/LIff z'? ePsf] !% ldg]6 kl5 / ljifout k/LIff z'? ePsf]
cfwf 306f kl5 cfpg] / j:t'ut tyf ljifout b'j} k/LIff;Fu}
x'g]df @) ldg]6kl5 cfpg] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffdf a:g kfpg]
5}g .
%= k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{ kfpg] ;do cjlw -a'Fbf g+= $ df
pNn]v ul/Psf]_ lat]sf] !) ldg]6 k5fl8 dfq pDd]bjf/nfO{
k/LIff xn aflx/ hfg] cg'dlt lbOg]5 .
^= kl/Iff xndf k|j]z u/]kl5 lstfa, sfkL, sfuh, lr6 cflb
cfkm" ;fy /fVg' x'Fb}g . pDd]bjf/n] cfk;df s'/fsfgL / ;+s]t
;d]t ug'{ x'Fb}g .
&= k/LIff xndf pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljk/Lt s'g} sfd
u/]df s]Gb|fWoIfn] k/LIff xnaf6 lgisfzg u/L t'?Gt sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] sf/jfxL ug]{5 / To;/L lgisfzg ul/Psf]
pDd]jf/sf] ;f] lj1fkgsf] k/LIff :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg]5 .
*= lj/fdL ePsf] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff xndf k|j]z u/L k/LIff lbg]
qmddf lghnfO{ s]xL ePdf k|flws/0f hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}g .
(= pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff lbPsf] lbgdf xflh/ clgjfo{ ?kn] ug'{
kg]{5 .
!)= k|flws/0fn] ;"rgfåf/f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sfo{qmd cg';f/ kl/Iff
;+rfng x'g]5 .
!!= pDd]bjf/n] j:t'ut k/LIffdf cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt k|Zg kqsf] æsLÆ
pQ/k'l:tsfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] n]Vg' kg]{5 . gn]v]df pQ/k'l:tsf
:jtM /2 x'g]5 .
!@= s'g} pDd]bjf/n] k|Zg kqdf /x]sf] c:ki6tfsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]Wg'
kbf{ klg k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt cGo pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ afwf gkg]{
u/L lg/LIfsnfO{ ;f]Wg'kg]{5 .
163
xfn;fn} lvr]sf] kf;kf]6{
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f ;fO{hsf] k"/} d'vfs[lt b]lvg]
k|j]zkq kmf]6f] 6fF;L kmf]6f]df ;d]t kg]{
u/L pDd]bjf/n] b:tvt ug]{ .
k/LIffyL{n] eg]{M
s_ ;]jfM lj1fkg g+= lsl;d ;d"x

v_ ;d"xM
u_ pk;d"xM
3_ txM
ª_ kbM
r_ k/LIff s]Gb|
3_ pDd]bjf/sf]M gfd, y/M

b:tvtM
k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Ln] eg]{M

o; k|flws/0faf6 lnOg] pQm kbsf] k/LIffdf tkfO{nfO{ lgDg s]Gb|af6 ;lDdlnt x'g
cg'dlt lbOPsf] 5 . lj1fkgdf tf]lsPsf] zt{ gk'u]sf] 7x/ ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg
of] cg'dlt /2 x'g]5M
k/LIff s]Gb|M
/f]n g+=M
=============================
-clws[tsf] b:tvt_
b|i6AoM s[kof pDd]bjf/n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgodx? x]g'{xf]nf .
164
sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fd
g]kfn gful/s p•og a9'jf x'g] kb ;+VofM

k|flws/0fsf] ;"rgf g+=M
txM ;]jfM
;d"xM pk;d"xM
pDd]bjf/sf] k"/f gfd, y/M axfn u/]sf] sfof{noM
7]ufgfM ;]jfM
afa'sf] gfdM ;d"xM
afh]sf] gfdM pk;d"xM
!= gf]s/L ljj/0f -z'? b]lv xfnsf] kb;Dd_

kbsf] c;fwf/0f labf
lgo'QmL jf jxfn u/]sf]
gfd, tx, sfof{nosf] a;]sf] eP s;/L
;]jf, a9'jfsf] ldlt s}lkmot
gfd lg0f{o cjlw cfPsf]
;d"x, ldlt
pk;d"x b]lv ;Dd b]lv ;Dd
b|i6AoM
!= :yfoL, ljsf;, c:yfoL, ;]jf kl/jt{g s] xf] :ki6 pNn]v ug]{ .
@= lgodfjLsf] lgod ^=# cg';f/ a9'jfsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g c;/ kg]{ s]xL 5}g egL
s}lkmot dxndf pNn]v ug]{
#= :yfoL, ljsf;, c:yfoL, ;]jf kl/jt{g, ;d"x, pk–;d"x kl/jt{g s;/L cfPsf] eGg]
Joxf]/f dxn g+= ^ df :ki6 v'nfpg] .
165
@= ljleGg jlu{st If]qdf uO{ sfd u/]sf] cg'ej -xfnsf] txsf] dfq_M
jxfn /x]sf] ldlt jxfn /x]sf] s'g ju{sf] ?h' xflh/
lhNnf xf] s}lkmot
b]lv ;Dd lhNnf vf]Ng] eP lbg
b|i6AoM
!= dxn g+= # df lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^=% sf] pklgod -!)_ cg';f/ ju{
v'nfpg kg]{5 .
@= jlu{s[t If]q ;DaGwdf ?h' xflh/sf] cfwf/df dfq ;f] jfktsf] c+s kfpg] x'Fbf
?h' xflh/ slt -jif{, dlxgf, lbg_ ePsf] xf] g+= % sf] dxndf :ki6 v'nfpg'
kg]{5 .
#= z}lIfs of]Uotf -lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^=% sf] pklgod -$_ cg';f/ kfpg] c+sM
z}lIfs cWoog cjlw lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] gfd,
>]0fL s}lkmot
of]Uotf b]lv ;Dd 7]ufgf
b|i6JoM
!= kmf/fddf plNnlvt ;a} pkflwx?sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|ltlnlk k]z gu/]df ;f] jfktsf] c+s kfOg] 5}g .
$= ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jfsflng tflnd -xfnsf] txsf] dfq_
166
tflndsf] tflnd lbg] ;+:yfsf] gfd / cjlw
tx s}lkmot
ljifo 7]ufgf b]lv ;Dd
b|i6JoM
!= tflndsf] k|df0fkqdf cjlw v'n]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
@= ;]jfsflng tflnd jfkt s'g} Pp6f tflndnfO{ dfq c+s lbOg]5 .
dfly plNnlvt ljj/0fdf s'g} s'/f em'§f n]lvPsf] jf hfgfhfgL ;fFrf] s'/f bafpg]
p2]Zon] n]lvPsf] 7x/] sfg'g adf]lhd ;hfo :jLsf/ ug]{5' egL 5fk ug]{M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM ;xLM
kbM ldltM
bfofF cf}+7fsf] NofKr] ;lx5fkM
pk/f]Qm Aoxf]/f sfof{nodf /x]sf] lghsf] /]s8{ cg';f/sf] xf] / o;df lghn] d]/f]
/f]xj/df ;lx5fk u/]sf] l7s xf] egL
k|dfl0ft ug]{M
ljefluo÷sfof{no k|d'vsf] gfdM ;lxM
bhf{M ldltM
167
:
cg';"rL––&-s_
-lgod #=(-r_ sf] pklgod -!)_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
cGtjf{tf{ kmf/fd
lj1fkg g+= M ;]jf÷;d"x÷pk;d"x tx kb
kb ;+Vof M pDd]bjf/sf] ;+Vof M cGtjf{tf{ ldlt M
qm /f]n pDd]bjf/sf] ;fdfGo 1fg JolQmTj s"n k|fKtf+s s}lkmot
;+= g+= gfd, y/ tyf ;DalGwt
c+sdf cIf/df
ljifosf] 1fg /
cg'ej
pko'{Qm pDd]bjf/x? sf]xL klg d]/f] afa', cfdf, klt, kTgL, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, bfh', efO{,
lbbL, alxgL, efph', a'xf/L, h]7fh', b]j/, h]7fgL, b]p/fgL, cfdfh', gGb, sfsf,
sfsL, 7'nf]a'af, 7'nLcfdf, ;fgf]a'af, ;fgLcfdf, elthf, elthL, ef~hf, ef~hL,
legfh', HjfO, dfdf, dfOHo', k'mk", k'mkfh', ;fnf, ;fnL / ltgsf 5f] /f5f]/L gftf
kb}{g .
b:tvt M
gfd, y/ M
bhf{ M
ldlt M
b|i6JoM d"Nof+sgstf{n] k"0ff{Ísf] rfnL; k|ltzt eGbf sd / ;Q/L k|ltzt

eGbf a9L c+s lbFbf :ki6 ?kdf cfwf/ / sf/0f ;lxt k'i6\ofO{ lbg'
kg]{5 . k'i6\ofO{ glbP/ ;f] adf]lhd c+s lbPsf] ePdf 36Ldf rfnL; /
a9Ldf ;Q/L k|ltzt dfgL u0fgf ul/g]5 . cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf ax'dt
;b:on] 36Ldf rfnL; / a9Ldf ;Q/L k|ltzt c+s lbPsf] cj:yfdf
afx]s cGoyf 36Ldf rfnL; / a9Ldf ;Q/L k|ltzt dfgL u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
:
168
cg';"rL––*
-lgod $=^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
zky u|x0f kmf/fdsf] gd"gf
d ======================================================================================
================================= O{Zj/sf] gfddf ;ky lnG5' ls g]kfn gful/s
p•og k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otn] dnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd d]/f]
1fg, zLk / ljj]sn] hfg] a'em];Dd O{dfg, wd{ tyf st{Jo ;DemL b]z /
g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fk|lt jkmfbf/ /xL eo, kIfkft jf å]if
g/fvL nf]e nfnr df]nflxhf gu/L cg'zf;gdf /xL g]kfn gful/s
p•og k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ -
;+zf]wg ;lxt_ df ePsf] Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL cfkm\gf] st{Josf]
kfngf ug]{5' . dnfO{ 1ft x'g cfPsf] gLltut ;/sf/L / k|flws/0fsf]
uf]Ko sfd sf/jfxL clws[t JolQmnfO{ afx]s cGo cglws[t JolQm jf
;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ d ;]jfdf /x] jf g/x]sf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|ToIf /
ck|ToIf ?kn] eGg] jf ;+s]t ug]{ 5}g .
zky u|x0f ugg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] zky u|x0f u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]
s_ gfdM s_ gfdM
v_ b:tvtM v_ b:tvtM
u_ ldltM u_ ldltM
3_ ;]jfM 3_ kbM
ª_ ;d"x÷pk;d"xM ª_ sfof{noM
r_ txM r_ sfof{nosf] 5fkM
169
cg';"rL––( kmf]6f]
-lgod $=& sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQ
Qms ljj/0f kmf/fd
sd{rf/Lsf] k"/f gfd y/M sfof{noM

:yfoL 7]ufgfM xfnsf] sfof{noM
3/ ePsf] lhNnfM kmf]g g+=M
gful/stf M
hGd ldltM ;fn dlxgf ut]
wd{ lnËM :qL÷k'?if
x'lnofM j}jfxLs l:yltM
ljjflxt eP klt÷kTgLsf] gfdM
k]zfM
lktfsf] gfdM
afh]sf] gfdM k"j{ k]zfM
O{R5fPsf] JolQmsf] gfdM ;+/Ifssf] gfdM
cfsl:ds cj:yfdf va/ ug'{ kg]{
JolQmsf]M
7]ufgfM
cfkm\gf] lgh;Fusf] ;DaGwM gfd, 7]ufgfM
z}lIfs of]UotfM kmf]gM
7]ufgfM
lzIf0f cWoog kl/Iffkmn

qm=;= ;+:yfsf] z}lIfs >]0fL d"n u/]sf] ;fn k|sflzt s}lkmot
of]Uotf ljifo ==== b]lv ===== ePsf]
gfd
;Dd jif{
170
k|lzIf0f tflnd cflb -6fO{lkË, z6{Xof08, sDKo'6/ cflb ;d]t k|lzIf0f kfPsf] eP ;f]
v'nfpg]_M
tflnd lbg] tflndsf] cjlw
qm=;+= >]0fL s}lkmot
;+:yf ljifo b]lv ;Dd
dft[efiffM Hofb} /fd|f]÷/fd|f]÷;fdfGo÷s] xf] v'nfpg]

n]vk9 ug{ / af]Ng hfg]sf c? efiffx?M
?lr tyf cltlQm s[ofsnfkM
jlu{s[t If]qdf sfo{ u/]sf] ljj/0fM
sfd u/]sf] ;do

If]q s}lkmot
b]lv ;Dd
k|f]T;fxL k'/:sf/ kfPsf] ldlt tyf ljj/0fM

qm=;+= k|z+;fkq tna j[l4 gub k'/:sf/ cGo s}lkmot
!
@
#
$
%
sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfsf] clen]vsf] k|of]hgsf] lglDtM

!= sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+=
@= sd{rf/L %* jif{ k'Ug] ldltM
#= cGo
-s}lkmot dxndf ljj/0f eg]{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ldlt ;lxt b:tvt ug'{kg]{5_
171
cg';"rL––!)
-lgod ^=% sf] -ª @__ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ef}uf]lns If]qsf] jlu{s/0f
æsÆ ju{
1 tfKn]h'Ë gful/s p•og sfof{no
2 n'Snf gful/s p•og sfof{no
3 kmfKn' gful/s p•og sfof{no
4 dgfË gful/s p•og sfof{no
5 hf]d;f]d gful/s p•og sfof{no
6 8f]Nkf gful/s p•og sfof{no
7 afh'/f gful/s p•og sfof{no
8 l;ldsf]6 gful/s p•og sfof{no
9 aemfË gful/s p•og sfof{no
10 ?s'd gful/s p•og sfof{no
11 rf}/emf/L -?s'd_ gful/s p•og sfof{no
12 :ofFaf]r] gful/s p•og sfof{no
13 /f]Nkf gful/s p•og sfof{no
14 nfd6fË gful/s p•og sfof{no
15 bfr'{nf gful/s p•og sfof{no
16 h'Dnf gful/s p•og sfof{no
172
ævÆ ju{
1 ef]hk'/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
2 t'lDnË6f/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
3 nfld8fF8f gful/s p•og sfof{no
4 /fd]5fk gful/s p•og sfof{no
5 ?Dhf6f/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
6 8f]6L gful/s p•og sfof{no
7 a}t8L gful/s p•og sfof{no
8 ;fFkm]ju/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
9 kfn'ª6f/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
10 lh/L gful/s p•og sfof{no
11 9f]/kf6g gful/s p•og sfof{no
æuÆ ju{
1 wgu9L gful/s p•og sfof{no
2 dx]Gb|gu/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
3 l6sfk'/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
4 bfË gful/s p•og sfof{no
5 ;'v]{t gful/s p•og sfof{no
6 jfUn'ª gful/s p•og sfof{no
æ3Æ ju{
1 e/tk'/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
2 l;d/f gful/s p•og sfof{no
3 hgsk'/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
173
4 uf}tda'4 gful/s p•og sfof{no
5 /fhlj/fh gful/s p•og sfof{no
6 d]3f}nL gful/s p•og sfof{no
7 rGb|u9L gful/s p•og sfof{no
8 kf]v/f gful/s p•og sfof{no
9 lj/f6gu/ gful/s p•og sfof{no
10 g]kfnu~h gful/s p•og sfof{no
æªÆ ju{
1 sf7df8f}+ pkTosf l:yt k|flws/0f cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?
174
cg';"lr––!!
-lgod ^=^= pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM
;+s]t g+=
kbM
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd eg]{ lgb]{lzsf

!= of] kmf/fd k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ->fj0f ! b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfd
u/]sf] cfwf/df_ eg'{ kg]{5 .
@= sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdnfO{ tLg v08df lgDg cg';f/ ljefhg

ul/Psf] 5 .
v08 s – ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0f / pknAwL
v08 v – sfo{;Dkfbgsf] :t/ d"Nof+sg
v08 u – k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"Nof+sg
#= v08 -s_ df pNn]lvt sfdsf] ljj/0f cGtu{t /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljifo,

nIo / sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ egL tf]lsPsf] dxndf pknAwL ;d]t ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Ln] eg'{ kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfdx?nfO{
;s];Dd ;d]l6g] u/L a9Ldf kfFrj6f sfdx? 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v
ug'{kg]{5 .
$= ;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 el/Psf] kmf/fd k|fKt ePkl5 v08

-s_ df pNn]lvt ;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{ / l6Kk0fL eg]{ egL tf]lsPsf]
dxndf sd{rf/Laf6 el/Psf] pknAwL ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L pknAwL
eg'{ kg]{5 . pknAwL / l6Kk0fLsf] cfwf/df ;'kl/j]Ifsn] v08 -v_ sf]
æ;'kl/j]Ifsf] d"Nof+sgÆ sf] c+s eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L d"Nof+sg
175
ul/;s]kl5 cfkm\gf] b:tvt / ldlt;lxt of] kmf/d k'g/fjf]nf]sgstf{
;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
%= k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] ;'kl/j]Ifsaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] kmf/fdsf] v08 -s_

sf] cfwf/df v08 -v_ æk'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"Nof+sgÆ sf] c+s eg'{
kg]{5 . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] b:tvt / ldlt
;lxt k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
^= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] v08 -u_ cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L b:tvt / ldlt

;lxt of] kmf/fd a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg
kmf/fdx?df cfjZos b]lvPdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'kl/j]Ifs;Fu
k'i6\ofO{sf] dfu ug]{ jf k'glj{rf/sf] nflu lghsxfF k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
k'gM k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd cf}lrTok"0f{ jf c+s
;+zf]wg geO{ cfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o; ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L
To:tf] ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg ;DalGwt
lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
&= Pp6f cjlwleq PseGbf a9L ;'kl/j]Ifssf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf /xL sfd

u/]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] kmf/fd eg'{ kbf{ ;f] cjlwsf] cGtdf hf]
;'kl/j]Ifs x'G5 p;}n] k'/f cjlwsf] kmf/fd eg'{ kg]{5 .
*= k|To]s sd{rf/Lx?n] of] kmf/fd >fj0f & ut] leq cfkm'n] eg'{ kg]{
ljj/0fx? e/L cfkm" sfo{/t sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f]
btf{ eO k|fKt ePsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fd ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
>fj0f d;fGt leq d"NofFsg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z
ug'{kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm' ;dIf k|fKt ePsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofs+g kmf/fd !% lbg leq d"Nof+sg u/L k'g/jfnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt x'g cfPsf
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fd efb| d;fGt ;Dd d"NofFsg ul/;Sg'
kg]{5 .
176
(= tf]lsPsf] ;doleqdf of] kmf/fd e/L ;'kl/j]Ifs sxfF btf{ u/L

a'emfpg' k5{ jf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' kg]{ eP tf]lsPsf] ;do leqdf
x'nfsdf /lhi6/ btf{ u/L ;'kl/j]Ifs sxfF k7fpg' k5{ . dgfl;j
dflkmssf] sf/0f j]u/ tf]lsPsf] ;do leq k]z gu/L To;kl5 k]z
u/]df sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/]jfkt k|fKt u/]sf] s"n k|fKtfÍaf6 kfFr c+s
36fO{g]5 .
!)= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ug]{ ;'kl/j]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] d"Nof+sg
u/]sf kmf/fddf clgjfo{ ?kdf cfˆgf] gfd, kb, tx / ldlt :ki6
?kdf n]lv b:tvt ;d]t ug'{kg]{5 .
!!= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fd eg{] sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nof+sgsf] ;DalGwt kfgfx?df gfd pNn]v u/L b:tvt ;d]t
ug'{kg]{5 .
177
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf

ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{noM
btf{ g+=M
ldltM–
btf{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / b:tvtM
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM
@)&================================ b]lv
d"Nof+sg cjlwM @)&================================ ;Dd
!= kbM @= tx
#= ;]jf M $= ;d"x M %= pk;d"xM
^= ;+s]t g++=M
&= b/jGbL ePsf] sfof{nosf] gfdM
*= o; d"Nof+sgsf] cjlwdf ;?jf ePsf sfof{nox? -qmdzM_ M
178
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM
v08 -s_
;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0f
sfdsf] ljj/0f nIo pknAwL
sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{
kl/df0f nfut ;do kl/df0f nfut ;do kl/df0f nfut ;do u'0f:t/÷clt pQd,
-nIosf] k|ltzt_ -nIosf] k|ltzt_ -nIosf] k|ltzt_ -;+Vof_ -/sd_ -dlxgf_ pQd, ;fdGo / Go"g
nIo tf]lsPsf]
sfdx?
-s_
-v_
179
-u_
-3_
-ª_
================================================
sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt

sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM==========================================
;'k/Lj]Ifsn] eg]{ ljj/0f

sd{rf/Ln] eg]{
nIo gtf]lsPsf] pknAwL ljj/0f
sfdx? clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-ª_
sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM
180
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM
s'g} sfd ;Dkfbg x'g g;s]sf] eP To;sf sf/0fx?
sf] l6Kk0fL
;'kl/j]Ifss
sfdx? sf/0fx? ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf k|of;x?
-s_ -s_ -s_ -s_ sf/0fx? cf}lrToM
-v_ -v_ -v_ 7Ls
-u_ -u_ -u_ a]l7s
181
-v_ sf/0fx? ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf k|of;x?
-3_ -3_ -3_ 7Ls
sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM ldlt M
a]l7s
;'kl/j]Ifssf] b:tvtM
ldlt
b|i6JoM
nIob|i6JoM
tf]lsPsf sfdsf] lgldQ lgwf{l/t cfwf/x? -kl/df0f, nfut, ;do / u'0f:t/_ ;Dej eP;Ddug]{ k|of; x'g'kg]{ . nIo gtf]lsPsf sfdx?sf] xsdf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] d"Nof+sg ubf{
;DejnIo eP;Dd sfdsf]
tf]lsPsfdfq lgldQ lgwf{l/t
kl/df0f,nfut / ;dosf]
cfwf/x?cfwf/df nfut,
-kl/df0f, ug' {kg]{5;do
. sd{/ ru'f/Ln]
0f:t/_nIo
;Dejgtf]eP;Ddug]
lsPsf] sfdx?sf]
{ k|of; x'g'kpknAwL gtf]lsPsf
g]{ . nIoljj/0f eg'{ sfdx?sf]
kbf{ ;Dejxsdf
eP;Dd
;'kl/j]kl/df0f, of+sg ubf{
Ifsn] d"Nnfut / ;donfO{
Dej eP;Dd
cf}N;ofpg' kg]{5 . dfq kl/df0f,nfut / ;dos sf] cfwf/df ug'{kg]{5 . sd{rf/Ln] nIo gtf]lsPsf] sfdx?sf] pknAwL ljj/0f eg'{ kbf{ ;Dej eP;Dd kl/df0f, nfut / ;donfO{
cf}Nofpg' kg]{5 .
v08 v
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg
sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM
;'kl/j] Ifssf] d"Nof+sg k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"Nof+sg
:t/ clt pQd ;fdfGo Go"g clt pQd ;fdfGo Go"g

sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/
pQd pQd
cÍ ^=@% % $ #=) @=% @ !=% !
!= ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du|

kl/df0f
@= ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du|

nfut
#= ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du|

;do
$= ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du|

u'0f
hDdf
k|fKtfÍ
k|fKtfÍ
k"0f{fÍ M @%
k"0f{fÍ M !)
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfd M

kbM kbM
txM txM
b:tvtM b:tvtM
ldltM ldltM
nfutnfO{ d"Nof+sg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPdf o; jfkt 5'6\ofOPsf] c+s afFsL tLgj6f cfwf/x?df ;dfg'kflts
lx;fadf ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
182
v08 u
k'g/fjnf]sg ;lldltsf] d"Nof+sg
clt
:t/ pQd ;fdfGo Go"g
JolQmut u'0f Pj+ cfr/0f pQd
cÍ ! )=&% )=%) )=@%
-s_ tx !@ sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
-!_ gLlt ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf
-@_ 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug]{ Ifdtf
-#_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf / d"Nof+sg
-$_ g]t[Tj / ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf
-%_ k]zfut ;+j]bglzn
ntf, O{dfGbfl/tf, uf]klgotf
cflb
k"0ff{Í % k|fKtf+s
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]
b:tvtM
ldltM
183
k'g/fjnf]sg ;lldltsf] d"Nofª\\sg
:t/ clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g

JolQmut u'0f Pj+ cfr/0f
cÍ )=%) )=#&% )=@% )=!@%
-v_ tx !) / !! sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
-!_ ljifo j:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk
-@_ gLlt ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf
-#_ ;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf
-$_ g]t[Tj / ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf
-%_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf /
d"Nof+sg
-^_ k]zfut ;+j]bglzntf, O{dfGbfl/tf,
uf]klgotf cflb
-&_ >f]t / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u
-*_ sfo{ rfk jxg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
-(_ cGt/j}olQms :jefj / ;~rf/ zLk
-!)_ ;xof]uLnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ Ifdtf
%
k"0ff{Í k|fKtf+s
b:tvtM
ldltM
184
clt
:t/ pQd ;fdfGo Go"g
cÍ )=%) )=#&% )=@% )=!@%
-u_ tx * / ( sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
-!_ ljifo j:t''sf] 1fg / ;Lk
-@_ cGt/j}olQms :jefj / ;~rf/ zLk
-#_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u ug]{ / lg0f{o ug]{
Ifdtf
-$_ sfo{ rfk jxg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
-%_ ;do 7Ls lsl;daf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nof+sg kmf/fd eg]{ / d"Nof+sg
ug]{ .
-^_ g]t[Tj / ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf
-&_ ;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf
-*_ k]zfut ;+j]bglznttf, O{dfGbfl/tf,
uf]klgotf cflb
-(_ ;xof]uLnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ Ifdtf
-!)_ >f]t / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L k|of]u
k"0ff{Í % k|fKtf+s
b:tvtM
ldltM
185

clt
:t/ pQd ;fdfGGo Go"g
cÍ ! )=&% )=%)) )=@%
-3_ tx ^ / & sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
-!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk
-@_ sfo{of]hgf kl/df0f / :t/
-#_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u ug]{ / lg0f{o ug]{

Ifdtf
-$_ sfo{ rfk jxg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
-%_ ;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf
%
k"0ff{Í k|fKtf+s
b:tvtM
ldltM
186
k'g/fjnf]sg ;dltlsf] d"Nofª\\sg

:t/ clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g

JolQmut u'0f Pj+ cfr/0f
cÍ ! )=&% )=%)) )=@%
-ª_ tx ! b]lv % ;Ddsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu
-!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk
-@_ lgb]{zfg';f/ sfd ug]{ Ifdtf
-#_ sfddf ?rL / pT;fx
-$_ cf1fkfng / cg'zf;g
-%_ ;hutf / lz3|tf
k"0ff{Í % k|fKtf+s
b:tvtM
ldltM
187
cg';"rL––!@
-lgod *=!% ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljbfsf] cfj]bg
>L ===========================
===================== sfof{no .
dnfO{ ldlt ============== ut] b]lv ============== ;Dd ======== lbg

============= labf kfpg cg'/f]w ub{5' .
afFsL ljbfsf] ljj/0f
-sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfn] eg]{_
ut ;fnsf] ========== afFsL ========== labf lbg ;xLM
of] jif{sf] ==========lbg sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM
hDdf afFsL ========== lbg labfdf /xFbf ;Dks{ ug{
cfj]bg u/]sf] ========== lbg ;lsg] k'/f 7]ufgfM
ca afFsL x'g] ========== lbg l;kmfl/; ug]{M
ptf/ ug]{sf] ;xL :jLs[tL lbg] M
sd{rf/Lsf] hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ

>L ==================== tkfO{n] dfu ug'{ ePsf] ==================== labf ========== ldlt
==========b]lv ============================== ;Dd ==================== lbg :jLs[t÷cl:js[t
ul/Psf] 5 .
ljbf :jLs[t lbg] clws[tsf] ;xLM

sfof{no M
188
cg';"rL––!#
-lgod (=@, (=%, (=!@ / (=!# ;Fu ;DalGwt_
189
cg';"rL––!$
-lgod !!=!* ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;DklQ ljj/0f kmf/fd
e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]]g, @)%( sf] bkmf %) sf] pkbkmf -!_ tyf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #! s sf]
pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu
190
;DklQ ljj/0f kmf/fd
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ M ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{no M
kb M 7]ufgf M
sd{rf/L ;+s]t gDa/ ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] cf=j= M
M
:yfoL 7]ufgf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf M j8f g+= M 6f]n M
lhNnf M
xfn a;f]af; u/]sf] 7]ufgf
lhNnf M uf=lj=;=÷g=kf M j8f g+= M 6f]n M
!= crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f

-s_ 3/
qm=;+= 3/ wgLsf] gfd 3/ / 3/n] rr]{sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f vl/b u/]sf] k|flKtsf] >f]t s}lkmot
lhNnf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf j8f lsQf g+= If]qkmn eP vl/b
g+= d'No
-ju{
ld6/_
191
-v_ hUUff
qm=;+= hUuf hUufsf] ljj/0f vl/b u/]sf] k|flKtsf] s}lkmot
wgLsf] eP vl/b d'No >f]t
lhNnf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf j8f g+= lsQf g+= If]qkmn-ju{ ld6/_
gfd
@= rn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f
-s_ gub, ;'g, rfFbL, lx/f, hjfx/ftM
qm=;+= ljj/0f kl/df0f k|fKt ldlt vl/b u/]sf] eP k|flKtsf] ;|f]t s}lkmot
vl/b d'No
192
-v_ a}s, ljlQo ;+:yf tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf /x]sf] vftfsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= vftfjfnfsf] gfd, y/ a}s, ljlQo ;+:yfsf] vftf g+= df}Hbft /sd k|flKtsf] :f|f]t s}lkmot
gfd, 7]ufgf
-u_ lwtf]kq, z]o/ jf C0fkqsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= z]o/wgLsf] gfd, y/ s+kgLsf] gfd, / 7]ufgf z]o/÷C0fkqsf] lsl;d z]o/÷C0fkqsf] ljj/0f k|flKtsf] :f|f]t s}lkmot
;+Vof /sd
-3_ C0f lnP÷lbP÷lt/]sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+= C0f lng]÷lbg]÷ltg]{ JolQm÷;+:yfsf] C0f C0f lnP÷lbP÷lt/]sf] C0f lnP÷lbP÷lt/]sf] s}lkmot
193
gfd, 7]ufgf /sd ldlt
lnPsf] lbPsf] lt/]sf]
-ª_ ;jf/L ;fwg -c6f]df]jfOnsf] xsdf dfq_ sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;jf/L wgLsf]] gfd, ;jf/Lsf] lsl;d / v/Lb d'No vl/b ldlt k|flKtsf] :f|f]t s}lkmot
y/ gDa/
#= s[lif tyf kz'wg -3/hUuf jfx]s_ sf] ljj/0f
194
qm=;+= ljj/0f ;+Vof vl/b d'No k|fKt ldlt k|fKtsf] :f|f]t s}lkmot
$= cGo ;DklQsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ljj/0f vl/b d'No k|fKt ldlt k|fKtsf] :f|f]t s}lkmot
d}n] hfg] a'e]m;Dd dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f l7s 5 . km/s kg]{ 5}g .
195
gfdM
kb÷tx M
b:tvtM
ldlt M
b|i6JoM cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df k]z u/]sf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf yk36 ePsf] ljj/0f o;} adf]lhdsf] kmf/fddf e/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
cg';"rL––!%
-lgod !#=!# sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ljefuLo ;hfosf] ;"rgf
>L g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf >L ============================= n] u/]sf]
;hfosf] cfb]zsf] lg0f{o kmf/fd

>L ===================================================================== g]kfn gful/s p•og
k|flws/0fsf ============================n] =========================== hfFra'em ubf{÷u/fpFbf
b]lvg cfPsf]n] lgh >L =================================== ;Fu lgod !#=!) sf] pklgod
-!_ adf]lhd ========================= lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;kmfO{ dfu ul/Psf]df lghn]
k]z u/]sf] ;kmfO{sf] Joxf]/f, ;a'b ======================== sf/0faf6 ;Gtf]ifhgs
b]lvPg . t;y{ =================== s;'/df lgod !#=! sf] v08 ===================
adf]lhdsf] ;hfo lghnfO{ lsg gug]{ < ;f] ug'{ gkg]{ s'g} ;a'b k|df0f jf sf/0f
s]xL eP ============== leq :kli6s/0f k]z ug'{ egL lgod !#=!! adf]lhdsf]
:kli6s/0f dfu ul/Psf]df lghn] ========================= egL :kli6s/0f k]z u/]sf]
b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf ;+sng ePsf sfuhft a'lemPsf ;a'b k|df0f / k]z ePsf]
:kli6s/0f pk/ ;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ =============================== ;a'b k|df0faf6 lgh
>L ========================================= n] lgod ========================== adf]lhdsf] s;'/
u/]sf b]lvPsf]n] lgh >L ==========================================================================
=========================== pk/ lgod !#=! sf] v08 ================== adf]lhd ;hfo
lbg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . o;df lrQ ga'em]df lgod !#=!% sf] v08 -3_ sf] Dofb
leq ;ldlt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .\
b:tvt M
ldltM
196
cg';"rL !^
-lgod !)=^ u ;Fu ;DalGwt_
-s_ pkbfg÷lgj[lQe/0fsf] lgj]bg kmf/fd -;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln] eg]{_

>Ldfg\ k|d'v====================================== Ho"
k|zf;g ljefu
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f .
o; g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfaf6 d}n] b]xfo adf]lhd cjsfz

lnPsf] / d}n] xfn;Dd ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] lgj[lQe/0f÷pkbfg nufotsf] s'g}
;'ljw glnPsf]] x'Fbf g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ /
;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ adf]lhd ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] lgDg
adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fO{lbg'x'g of] lgj]bg kmf/fd e/L k]z u/]sf] 5' .
lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg dWo] sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]÷OR5fPsf] ljj/0f s] xf] pNn]v ug]{ M

========================================================
sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f :yfoLL 7]ufgf

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ ====================== lhNnf ======================
kb ============================== ufpF÷gu/
;+s]t g+= ====================== ==============================
tx ============================== j8f g+= ======================
cjsf;sf] nflu u0fgf x'g] hGd ldlt ==== c:yfoL jf a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgf
z'? egf{ ldlt ===================== lhNnf ======================
cjsfz ldlt ========================== ufpF÷gu/
==============================
c;fwf/0f ljbf ;DaGwL ljj/0f
j8f g+= ======================
!_ ldlt ============== b]lv ===============;Dd
;Dks{ g+=
@_ ldlt ==============b]lv ================;Dd
===============================
#_ ldlt ============== b]lv ================;Dd
$_ ldlt =============== b]lv ===============;Dd
u/L hDdf ============== jif{ ====================== OR5fPsf] JolQmsf] gfd / ;DaGw
dlxgf ==================== lbg lnPsf]
!_ ============================ -
uon s§L ;DaGwLL ljj/0f
_
197
!_ ldlt ============== b]lv ================;Dd
@_ =========================== -
@_ ldlt ================ b]lv ==============;Dd
_
#_ ldlt ================= b]lv ============;Dd
#_ ============================ -
_
cGo ljefuLo sf/jfxL eP gePsf] ljj/0f
===========================================================
s§L x'g] cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{
lnPsf] ljj/0f
ljleGg ldltdf u/L hDdf
====================== lnPsf] 7Ls
;fFrf] xf] .
cGo ljj/0f eP v'fpg]

!_ ldlt ============================
@_ ldlt ============================
#_ ldlt ============================
d}n] hfg]÷a'e]m;Dd dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] . o;df km/s kb}{g . km/s
k/]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] h'g;'s} sf/jfxL ;xg÷ef]Ug tof/ 5' egL of]
lgj]bgkqdf ;xL ul/lbPF .
bfofF afofF
lgj]bssf] b:tvtM
lgj]bssf] gfdM
;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbfsf] kbM
;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbfsf] sfof{noM
198
-v_ pkbbfg÷lgj[lQe/0fsf] lgj]bg kmf/fd -OR5fPsf] jf
xsjfnf JolQmnn] eg]{_
>Ldfg\ k|d'v ====================================== Ho"
k|zf;g ljefu
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f .
d]/f ====================== >L ============================================ o; g]kfn

gful/s p•og k|flws/0fsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf]df lghsf] ldlt df d[To" ePsf] /
lghsf] glhssf] xsjfnf lghsf] d >L n] xfn;Dd lgodf'g;f/ kfpg]]
lgj[lQe/0f÷pkbfg nufotsf] s'g} ;'ljwf glnPsf] x'Fbf g]kfn gful/s p•og
k|flws/0f, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&^ adf]lhd ;]jf
lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] lgDg adf]lhdsf] /sd pknJw u/fO{lbg'x'g of] lgj]bg kmf/fd
e/L k]z u/]sf] 5' .
lgj[lQe/0f jf pkbfg dWo] sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]÷OR5fPsf] ljj/0f s] xf] pNn]v ug]{ M

======================
sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f :yfoL 7]ufgf

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/ ====================== lhNnf ======================
kb ============================== ufpF÷gu/
;+s]t g+= ====================== ==============================
cjsf;sf] nflu u0fgf x'g] hGd ldlt ==== j8f g+= ======================
z'? egf{ ldlt ====================== c:yfoL jf a;f]af;sf] 7]ufgf
sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ldlt ================= lhNnf ======================
ufpF÷gu/
c;fwf/0f ljbf ;DaGwL ljj/0f
==============================
!_ ldlt ==================== b]lv
j8f g+= ======================
=====================;Dd
;Dks{ g+=
@_ ldlt ==============b]lv ================;Dd
===============================
#_ ldlt ============== b]lv ================;Dd
$_ ldlt =============== b]lv ===============;Dd
u/L hDdf ============== jif{ ====================== s§L x'g] cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{
dlxgf ==================== lbg lnPsf] lnPsf] ljj/0ff
ljleGg ldltdf u/L hDDff
============================ lnPsf]
7Ls ;fFrf] xf] .
199
uon s§L ;DaGwL ljj/0f
!_ ldlt ============== b]lv ================;Dd cGo ljj/0f eP v'nfpg]
@_ ldlt ================ b]lv ==============;Dd !_ ldlt ========================
#_ ldlt ================= b]lv ============;Dd @_ ldlt =======================
#_ ldlt =======================
cGo ljefuLo sf/jfxL eP gePsf] ljj/0f
===========================================================
d}n] hfg]÷a'e]m;Dd dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0f 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] . o;df km/s kb}{g .
km/s k/]df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'nf a'emfpFnf egL of] lgj]bgkqdf ;xL
ul/lbPF .
bfofF afofF
lgj]bssf] b:tvtM
lgj]bssf] gfdM
;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbfsf] kbM
;]jf lgj[Q x'Fbfsf] sfof{noM
200
cg';"rL––!*
-lgod !)=^-ª_ ;+u ;DjlGwt_
:j3f]if0ff kmf/fd
ldlt M
>Ldfg\ dxflgb]{zsHo"
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, k|wfg sfof{no .
ljifo M :jo+ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;DjGwdf .
d of] 3f]if0ff ub{5' ls cfh ;Dd d}n] Diversity Visa (DV),

Permanent Residence (PR) jf lu|g sf8{ nufot s'g} klg ljb]zL /fi6«df
cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu cfˆgf] / cfˆgf] klt÷kTgLsf] tk{maf6 ;d]t s'g}
lsl;dsf] cfj]bg eP÷u/]sf] 5}g . o;df km/s k/]df sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]
b08 ;hfo ;xg÷ef]Ug tof/ 5' egL of] ;xL 5fk ul/lbPF .
b:tvtM
gfdM
kbM
;+s]t g+=M
sfof{no M
201

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g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f

sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf

-g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t ldlt @)%^.&.!*_

k|sfzg ldltM @)&^ r}q

d'b|s M dNn 7s'/L lk|lG6«ª k|];

!=! ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De ====================================================== !

cg';"rL–! ==================================================================================== !@%

h klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

h klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

hklxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

@=% ;]jfdf /xg] kbx?M

-v_ k|fljlws ;]jf tk{mM

*=! sd{rf/Lsf] ;j} ;do k|flws/0fsf] cwLgdf x'g]M o; lgodfjNfLdf

(=! ksfPsf] tnj eQf kfpg] M -!_sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf e'Qmfg

!)=! clgjfo{ cjsfzMM -!_ ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/

cG7fpGg jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ;]jf af6 cjsfz lbO{g]5 .

:ki6Lss/0fM czQmj[lQ kfPsf jf kfpg] 7xl/Psf

sd{rf/LLsf] kb tyf tx z'? tnasf] k|ltzt

!$+=! >]0fL, ;'ljwf tyf tx ldNffg M -!_P]gsf] bkmf #@ adf]lhd

;d"x tyf pk;d"xx?

b|i6JoM k|flws/0fsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ;fljsdf

!(_ af~5gLo of]Uotf M

@)_ ;dfg tyf cGo lgsfox?;+usf] ;DaGw M

@!_ k|ToIf dftxtsf kbflwsf/Lx? M

:jLs[t ug]{sf] b:tvtM===============================

cfly{s rf6{8{ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 rf6{8{

k|fljlws lzIff tyf

dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f

dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f

dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f

g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f

lj1fkg g+= /f]n g+=

gfd, y/M k/LIff s]Gb|M

;]jf ;d"x pk;d"x

-s_ pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fd e/]sf] kb ;DaGwL ljj/0f

-v_ pDd]bjf/sf] j}olQms ljj/0fM

-u_ z}lIfs of]Uotf÷tflnd -b/vf:t kmf/d e/]sf] kbsf] nflu rflxg]

c;fwf/0f labf lnPsf] eP cjlwM =================== b]lv =================== ;Dd

b/vf:t ?h' ug]{sf] b:tvtM

!= pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fd e/]sf] kb ;DaGwL ljj/0fM

;d'x -n]Vg'xf];\_+ ª_ tx txM != k|yd, @= bf]>f] , #= t]>f], $= rf}yf] , %=

@= pDd]bjf/sf] JolQmut ljj/0fM

8= z}lIfs ;+sfo != dfgljls @= sfg"g #= Joj:yfkg $= lzIff %= lj1fg

dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0fx? 7Ls 5g\

pDd]bjf/n] kfng ug'{kg]{ lgodx?

s_ ;]jfM lj1fkg g+= lsl;d ;d"x

3_ pDd]bjf/sf]M gfd, y/M

k|flws/0fsf] sd{rf/Ln] eg]{M

b|i6AoM s[kof pDd]bjf/n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgodx? x]g'{xf]nf .

g]kfn gful/s p•og a9'jf x'g] kb ;+VofM

!= gf]s/L ljj/0f -z'? b]lv xfnsf] kb;Dd_

b|i6JoM d"Nof+sgstf{n] k"0ff{Ísf] rfnL; k|ltzt eGbf sd / ;Q/L k|ltzt

sd{rf/Lsf] k"/f gfd y/M sfof{noM

lzIf0f cWoog kl/Iffkmn

dft[efiffM Hofb} /fd|f]÷/fd|f]÷;fdfGo÷s] xf] v'nfpg]

sfd u/]sf] ;do

k|f]T;fxL k'/:sf/ kfPsf] ldlt tyf ljj/0fM

sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfsf] clen]vsf] k|of]hgsf] lglDtM

ef}uf]lns If]qsf] jlu{s/0f