रोजगारीको हक सम्बन्धी ऐन, नियमावली र निर्देशिका २०७५

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/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 1

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGWfL P]g, @)&%


tyf
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGWfL lgodfjnL, @)&%
/
k|WffgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
lgb]{lZfsf, @)&%

g]kfn ;/sf/
>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd
l;+xb/jf/, sf7df08f}}
@)&% kmfu'g
2 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 3

ljifo;"rL

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% ======================================================================================================================================= !


kl/R5]b–! k|f/lDes !
==================================================================================================================================================================================================

kl/R5]b–@ /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ #


==========================================================================================================================================================

kl/R5]b–# /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| $


===============================================================================================================================================================

kl/R5]b–$ lgb]{zs ;ldlt &


==========================================================================================================================================================================

kl/R5]b–% a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;DaGwL (


================================================================================================================================

kl/R5]b–^ s;"/ / ;hfo ======================================================================================================================================================================== !@


kl/R5]b–& ljljw ====================================================================================================================================================================================================== !$

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% ====================================================================================================== !%


kl/R5]b–! k|f/lDes ============================================================================================================================================================================================= !%
kl/R5]b–@ /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwL ======================================================================================= !%
kl/R5]b–# /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng ;DaGwL ======================================================================================= !^
kl/R5]b–$ lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;DaGwL ===================================================================================================================================== !(
kl/R5]b–% a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;DaGwL ============================================================================================================================ @#
kl/R5]b–^ ljljw ====================================================================================================================================================================================================== @%

cg';"rL–! Go"gtd /f]huf/df ;+nUg x'g rfxg]


a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf ================================================================================@^
cg';"rL–@ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws ljj/0fsf] 9fFrf ===================================================== @&
cg';"rL–# >lds dfu ug]{ lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf ===================================================================================================== @*
cg';"rL–$ /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f =========================================================================================================================================== @(
cg';"rL–% lgjf{x eQf kfpgsf] nflu
a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf =============================================================================== #)
cg';"rL–^ d~h'/Lgfdf ==================================================================================================================================================================================== #!
cg';"rL–& a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] u/]sf] :j3f]if0ffsf] 9fFrf ================================================================= #@
4 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% ================================================ ##


kl/R5]b–! k|f/lDes ================================================================================================================================================================================================ ##
kl/R5]b @ ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?sf] e"ldsf ========================================================================================================================#&
kl/R5]b # /f]huf/Lsf ;Defjgfsf] klxrfg =============================================================================================================== #(
kl/R5]b $ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLs/0f ========================================================================================================================== $!
kl/R5]b % /f]huf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf ====================================================================================================================================== $@
kl/R5]b ^ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg ============================================================================================= $^
kl/R5]b & /f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmd ==================================================================================================================================== $*
kl/R5]b * ;+/rgfut Joj:yf =========================================================================================================================================================== %)
kl/R5]b ( dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg ====================================================================================================================================== ^!
kl/R5]b !) Ifdtf ljsf; / /0fgLlts ;+rf/ ============================================================================================================= ^#
kl/R5]b !! cfof]hgf 5gf}6, sfof{Gjog / d"Nof+sg ==================================================================================== ^*
kl/R5]b !@ lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f ============================================================================================================================================================ &@
kl/R5]b !# kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTj ========================================================================================================================================= &$
kl/R5]b !$ ah]6 Joj:yf / vr{ k|0ffnL ============================================================================================================================ &%
kl/R5]b !% ljljw ======================================================================================================================================================================================================== &&
cg';"rL ! a]/f]huf/ btf{sf nflu lbg] lgj]bg ====================================================================================================== *!
cg';"rL @ nfeu|fxL kl/rokq ========================================================================================================================================================= *@
cg';"rL # /f]huf/d"ns cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df
>lds dfu ug]{ kmf/fd =========================================================================================================================================== *$
cg';"rL $ lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df
>lds dfu ug]{ kmf/fdv ====================================================================================================================================== *%
cg';"rL % >lds ;d"xsf] sfo{ ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bg ================================================================================= *^
cg';"rL ^ tflnd lng] k|lzIffyL{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] sa'lnotgfdf ============================= *&
cg';"rL & ljQLo k|f]T;fxg lng] k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{ sa'lnotgfdf ================================= **
cg';"rL * s/f/ ;Demf}tf ========================================================================================================================================================================== *(
cg';"rL ( sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf =================================================================================================================================================== (!
cg';"rL !) sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg ============================================================================================================================================== (#
cg';"rL !! b/aGbL t]l/h / ;+u7g ;+/rgf ================================================================================================================ (%
cg';"rL !@ d~h'/Lgfdf ====================================================================================================================================================================================== (^
cg';"rL !# lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] ljj/0f =========================================================================================== (&
cg';"rL !$ ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 ;j]{If0f kmf/fd ============================================================================================================= (*
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 1

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%


k|df0fLs/0f ldltM @)&%.^.@
;+jt\ @)&% ;fnsf] P]g gDa/ !&
/f]huf/Lsf] xs ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g

k|:tfjgf M k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] xs ;'lglZrt ug{, cfkm\gf] Ifdtf


cg';f/sf] /f]huf/L 5gf}6 ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{ tyf /f]huf/Lsf] zt{,
cj:yf tyf a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo
ePsf]n], ;+3Lo ;+;bn] of] P]g agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æ/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g,
@)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf,
-s_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf]
lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ ælgjf{x eQfÆ eGgfn] bkmf @@ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{x eQf ;Demg'
k5{ .
-u_ æGo"gtd /f]huf/Æ eGgfn] o; P]g adf]lhd Ps cfly{s jif{df
pknAw u/fOg] sDtLdf Ps;o lbgsf] Go"gtd /f]huf/ cjlw
;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ ækl/jf/Æ eGgfn] Psf;uf]ndf a:g] klt, kTgL, cljjflxtf 5f]/f
5f]/L cljjflxtf wd{k'q wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf jf ;f}t]gL cfdf
2 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lgh cfkm}+n] kfng kf]if0f ug'{ kg]{
xh'/a'af / xh'/cfdfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5  .
-ª_ æa]/f]huf/ JolQmÆ eGgfn] Ps cfly{s jif{df Go"gtd Ps ;o
lbg /f]huf/df ;+nUg gePsf] jf sDtLdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
cfo cfh{g x'g] :j/f]huf/df ;+nUg g/x]sf] c7f/ jif{ b]lv
pgfG;f7L jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ æa]/f]huf/ ;xfotfÆ eGgfn] a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ pknAw u/fOg]
bkmf @) adf]lhdsf] ;xfotf sfo{qmd ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs
;'/Iff ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfno ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æ:j/f]huf/Æ eGgfn] cfk\mgf] >d, ;Lk, 1fg, >f]t ;fwg /
k"FhLsf] kl/rfng u/L s'g} j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg, To:tf] j:t'
jf ;]jfsf] Jofkf/ jf s'g} pBf]u jf Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng
jf To:t} s'g} pBd jf cfo cfh{g ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ æ/f]huf/bftfÆ eGgfn] a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ o; P]g adf]lhd
/f]huf/ lbg] g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo tx /
cGtu{tsf sfof{no tyf lgsfo / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg tyf ;+ul7t
;+:yf, pBf]u, k|lti7fg tyf sfg"g adf]lhd ;+rfngdf /x]sf
/f]huf/‌d"ns ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lghL /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/ pknAw u/fpg] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t hgfFp5 .
-`_ æ/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rgf ;+sng,
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] klxrfg / ;"rgf k|jfx, /f]huf/bftfsf]
nflu >lds pknAwtfsf] hfgsf/L / /f]huf/ ;DaGwL cGo ;]jf
k|bfg ug{ bkmf !) adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|
;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-7_ æ:yfgLo txÆ eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 3

kl/R5]b–@
/f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/
#= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/L kfpg] clwsf/
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|To]s gful/snfO{ of] P]g jf
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL plrt >d cEof;sf]] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
$ /f]huf/L 5gf}6 ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]sf]
/f]huf/L 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ of] P]g / k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL
of]Uotf / Ifdtf cg';f/ :j]R5fn] /f]huf/ ug{ kfpg] / To:tf] /f]huf/L
5f]8\g jf kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-#_ s;}n] klg s'g} gful/snfO{ lghsf] OR5f ljk/Lt jf lghn]
grfx]sf] /f]huf/L ug{ jf To:tf] /f]huf/Ldf nufpg jf ha/h:tL ug{
jf afWo agfpg x'Fb}g .
%= a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf kfpg] clwsf/ M k|To]s a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ o; P]g
adf]lhd a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
^= e]befj ug{ gx'g] M s;}n] klg a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/ lbg] ;DaGwdf
k|rlnt sfg"gn] s'g} vf; ju{ jf ;d'bfosf] nflu ljz]if Joj:yf
u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s To:tf] JolQmsf] pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hfthflt,
lnË, efiff, If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ug{
x'Fb}g .
&= /f]huf/Laf6 x6fpg gkfOg] M -!_ /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt
sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s lagf sf/0f /f]huf/Laf6 x6fpg kfOg]] 5}g .
-@_ /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ nfu" x'g] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"g
adf]lhd afx]s /f]huf/Laf6 x6fPdf To;/L x6fOPsf] JolQmn] cfkm"
4 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

/f]huf/Ldf sfod} /xgsf] nflu sf/0f ;lxt ;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf


s]Gb|df lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
/f]huf/Ldf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/af6 x6fpg' kgf{sf] sf/0faf/]
cfjZos hfFra'emsf nflu ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k7fPsf] lgj]bg pk/ cfjZos
hfFra'em ubf{ lagf sf/0f /f]huf/af6 x6fOPsf] b]lvPdf lgj]bsnfO{
sfddf nufO{ /fVg /f]huf/bftfnfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
*= /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf
:yfgLo txn] of] P]g k|f/De ePkl5 a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ Go"gtd
/f]huf/ k|bfg ug{ cfjZos /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ dlxnf, blnt,
cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg JolQm, zlxb kl/jf/ / j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf
kl/jf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ M s'g} JolQm a]/f]huf/ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf
k|Zg p7]df ;f] s'/fsf] lg0f{o tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt
:yfgLo txn] ug]{5 .
kl/R5]b–#
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|
!)= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L :yfgLo tx dftxt /xL sfo{ ug]{ u/L k|To]s :yfgLo txdf Ps
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 5

-@_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] sfdsf] ;ª\3Lo txaf6 lgb]{zg, ;dGjo


/ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L dGqfnosf] x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng ;DaGwL
cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!= lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd Go"gtd /f]huf/df ;+nUg
x'g rfxg] a]/f]]huf/ JolQmn] cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;Lk, of]Uotf jf Ifdtf
pNn]v u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df cfkm\gf] ljj/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L jf:tljs a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L
cBfjlws clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-#_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]G›n] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cBfjlws
clen]v tf]lsP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{
pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!@= hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M -!_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df bkmf !! adf]lhd lgj]bg
lbPsf] s'g} JolQm bkmf !^ adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] nflu l;kmfl/; gx'Fb}
lghL k|of;df cGoq st} /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg ePdf jf :j/f]huf/df
nfu]df jf o; P]g adf]lhd k|bfg ul/g] /f]huf/Ldf ;xefuL x'g jf
a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf k|fKt ug{ OR5's g/x]df ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lghn]
oyfzL3| /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s;}n] hfgsf/L u/fPdf /f]huf/ ;]jf
s]Gb|n] To:tf] JolQmsf] gfd a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLsf] clen]vaf6
x6fpg' kg]{5 .
!#= /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{ M -!_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf]
If]qleq /x]sf /f]huf/bftfsf] ;"rL cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
6 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rL cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{df /f]huf/


;]jf s]Gb|n] :yfgLo txsf] cltl/Qm s'g} ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo
jf ;ª\3 ;+:yfnfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txleqsf /f]huf/bftfnfO{ dfu
ul/P adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 n]vL cfPdf
;DalGwt ;a} lgsfon] cfkm" cGt{utsf /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f
jf cfkm"n] u/L cfPsf] sfd / To:tf] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/bftfsf]
ljj/0f dGqfno / ;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f ;+sng tyf cBfjlws ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$= >lds dfu ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ /f]huf/bftfn] s'g} sfo{sf nflu cfkm"nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ >ldssf] ;+Vof, of]Uotf / cjlw v'nfO{ ;f]sf] ;"rgf
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ lbg]5 .
-@_ /f]huf/bftfn] s'g} sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo:t/df cfkm"nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ >lds /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd >lds dfu ubf{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
9fFrfdf >ldssf] ;+Vof, >ldssf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf, ;Lk / sfdsf]
k|s[lt v'nfO{ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!%= /f]huf/ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] M /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] If]q leqsf
/f]huf/bftfx?sf nflu cfjZos >ldsx?sf] pknAwtf / ;"rLs[t
a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 7

!^= a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf !$ adf]lhd s'g}
/f]huf/bftfaf6 >lds dfu ePkl5 /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] bkmf !! sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ lghsf] of]Uotf,
;Lk / cg'ejsf cfwf/df /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ;DalGwt /f]huf/bftf
;dIf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] nflu k7fOPsf] JolQmnfO{
;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] /f]huf/bftfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
lghsf] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 / lghL If]qsf]
/f]huf/bftfn] lghsf] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] pknAw sfddf nufpg
;Sg]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] /f]huf/bftfn] nufPsf] sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /f]huf/bftfn] sfddf nufP afkt
pknAw u/fpg] b}lgs Hofnf b/ dGqfnon] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /f]huf/bftfn] nufPsf] sfd gug]{
JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] a]/f]huf/sf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–$
lgb]{zs ;ldlt
!&= lgb]{zs ;ldlt M -!_ gful/ssf] /f]huf/Lsf] xssf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfd
sf/afxLsf] ;~rfng, /]vb]v tyf lgb]{Zfg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps
lgb]{zs ;ldlt /xg]5M–
-s_ dGqL⁄/fHo dGqL, >d, /f]huf/ tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno –cWoIf
-v_ ;b:o, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
-;DalGwt ljifo x]g]{_ –;b:o
-u_ ;lrj, >d, /f]huf/ tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno –;b:o
-3_ ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno –;b:o
8 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

-ª_ ;lrj, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no


-;DalGwt ljifo x]g]{_ –;b:o
-r_ ;lrj, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno –;b:o
-5_ ;lrj, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno –;b:o
-h_ ;x;lrj, dGqfno
-k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd x]g]{_ –;b:o–;lrj
-@_ k|b]z / :yflgo txdf tf]lsP adf]lhd lgb]{zs ;ldlt
/xg]5g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno dGqfnodf
/xg]5 .
!*= ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do /
:yfgdf a:g]5 .
-@_ /f]huf/bftf / >ldssf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L sDtLdf Ps
hgf dlxnf ;lxt b'O{ hgfnfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f ul/g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;b:o–;lrjn] k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm+}n] lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ ;ldltsf] a}7s tyf lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ >d ahf/sf] dfu / ljBdfg hgzlQmsf] pknAwtfsf] ljZn]if0f
/ k|If]k0f ug]{ .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 9

-v_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf nflu /f]huf/ jf :j/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf ug{


cfjZos gLlt g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws clen]v tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|b]z
;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo txnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug]{,
-3_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 pknAw u/fOg] a]/f]huf/
;xfotf ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{,
-ª_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] lgjf{x eQfsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ gLltut ;'emfj lbg],
-r_ /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/
tyf :yfgLo tx aLr ;dGjo ug]{,
-5_ a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] d"N+ofÍg ug]{ .
kl/R5]b–%
a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;DaGwL
@)= a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmd M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo
txn] a]/f]huf/ ;xfotfsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{qmd ug]{5M–
-s_ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg],
-v_ /f]huf/d"ns tyf ;Lkd"ns tfnLd k|bfg ug]{,
-u_ a}+Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf dfkm{t ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f pknAw u/fpg],
-3_ :j/f]huf/ ;[hgf ug]{,
-ª_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{qmd ug]{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmd ;DaGwL
cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
10 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

@!= sfd ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmd
cGt{utsf] tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] v6fPsf]
:yfg jf If]qdf uO{ tf]lsP adf]lhd sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v6fPsf] If]qdf sfd ug{ ghfg] jf
OGsf/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ a]/f]huf/ ;"rLaf6 x6fO{ bkmf @@ adf]lhdsf]
lgjf{x eQf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
@@= lgjf{x eQf lbg] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"lrs[t
a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ Go"gtd /f]huf/ pknAw u/fpg g;s]df Ps
cfly{s jif{df dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd kfl/>ldssf] Ps;o lbg
a/fa/sf]] /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt /sd tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
lgjf{x eQf pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps;o lbg eGbf sd cjlw dfq}
/f]huf/L kfPdf Ps;o lbg k'Ug afFsL cjwLsf] dGqfnon] tf]s]sf]
Go"gtd kfl/>ldssf] krf; k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd dfq lgjf{x eQf
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug]{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmn]
tf]s] adf]lhdsf] zt{sf] kfngf ug{' kg]{5 .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]lhdsf] lgjf{x eQf b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dfq
lbOg]5M–
-s_ kl/jf/sf] s'g} klg ;b:on] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/L gkfPdf,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]eGbf sd jflif{s cfo ePsf kl/jf/nfO{,
-u_ kl/jf/sf] s'g} klg ;b:o :j/f]huf/ gePdf,
-3_ kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:o j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf guPsf]df .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 11

:ki6Ls/0f M æj}b]lzs /f]huf/LÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 >d :jLs[lt


lnO{ ljb]zdf sfd ug{ uPsf] cj:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;/sf/L
sf]if jf cGo d'n's jf cGt{/fli6«o jf cGt/;/sf/L ;+3, ;+u7g jf
cGo s'g} ;+:yfaf6 lgoldt lgj[Qe/0f jf cjsfz ;'ljwf lnO/x]sf
jf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xfotf ;DaGwL cGo
sf]ifaf6 jf /f]huf/bftfaf6 lgoldt ?kdf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;xfotf
k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgjf{x eQf lbOg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;/sf/L sf]ifÆ eGgfn]
b]xfosf] s'g} sf]if ;Demg' k5{M–
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf] ;+lrt sf]if jf
cGo ;/sf/L sf]if,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txsf]] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs
:jfldTj ePsf] :yfgLo ;+:yfg, lgud, af]8{, k|flws/0f, k|lti7fg
jf o:t} s'g} lgsfosf] sf]if,
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ jf :yfgLo txaf6 k|fKt cg'bfgaf6
;~rflnt sf]if,
-3_ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ug{
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] sf]if .
-^_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k|bfg ul/g] lgjf{x eQf ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@#= ah]6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmdsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]6sf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ /
:yfgLo txsf] jflif{s ah]6 ljlgof]hgaf6 x'g]5 .
12 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

kl/R5]b–^
s;"/ / ;hfo
@$= ph"/L M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] yfxf kfpg]
hf];'s}n] k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{nodf ph"/L
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ph"/L ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%= s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg] M s;}n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ u/]df o; P]g
adf]lhd s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5M–
-s_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ u/]df,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s /f]huf/L lbg] JolQmn] bkmf ^
ljk/Lt e]befj u/]df,
-u_ /f]huf/bftfn] bkmf & ljk/Lt /f]huf/Laf6 x6fPdf,
-3_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf jf lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug{
em'§f ljj/0f k]z u/]df,
-ª_ h'g p2]Zosf] nflu a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf /sd lnOPsf] xf] ;f]
p2]Zosf nflu k|of]u gu/L cGoq k|of]u u/]df .
@^= ;hfo M -!_ s;}n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df To:tf] s;"/ ug]{
JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{non] s;"/sf] dfqf x]/L
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug]{5M–
-s_ bkmf @% sf]] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF
b]lv kRrL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf,
-v_ bkmf @% sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ bz xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf,
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% 13

-u_ bkmf @% sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ To:tf] a]/f]huf/
;xfotf jf lgjf{x eQf k|fKt u/]sf] eP ;f] /sd c;"n pk/ u/L
;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd hl/afgf,
-3_ bkmf @% sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ug]{nfO{ a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf
afkt k|fKt u/]sf] /sd c;"n pk/ u/L ;f]xL a/fa/sf] /sd
hl/afgf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] hl/afgf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
gltg]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf
;'ljwfdf /f]s nufpg ;DalGwt >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{non] n]vL
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] hl/afgf ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfaf6
;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]g
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;d]t s;"/ dflgg] /x]5
eg] To:tf] s;"/df ;f] sfg"g adf]lhd 5'6[} d'2f rnfO{ ;hfo ug{ o;
bkmfsf] Joj:yfn] afwf kg{] 5}g / s;}n] o; P]g ljk/Lt s'g} sfo{ u/]
afkt lghnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd o; bkmfdf n]lvP eGbf a9L
;hfo x'g] /x]5 eg] ;f]xL adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g]5 .
@&= k'g/fj]bg M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{non] u/]sf]
lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'em\g] kIfn] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] k+}tL; lbgleq >d
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd >d cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
14 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%

kl/R5]b–&
ljljw
@*= pk;ldlt jf sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;ldltn] o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog
ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ pk;ldlt jf sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt jf sfo{bnsf] sfo{
zt{ ;ldltn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@(= cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f M o; P]g adf]lhd ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdsf]
dGqfno, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] lgoldt ?kdf cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f
ug]{5 .
#)= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ dGqfnon] k|To]s cfly{s jif{leq ;DkGg u/]sf
sfd sf/afxLsf] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq jflif{s
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .
#!= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{
cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]5 .
#@= lgb]{lzsf tyf sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg] M dGqfnon] of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{lzsf
tyf sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 15

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%


dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ldlt M @)&%÷)(÷@#

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf #! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd æ/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ æk|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltÆ eGgfn] lgod !! adf]lhdsf] k|b]z
lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æ:yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltÆ eGgfn] lgod !$ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo
lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{
kl/R5]b–@
/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ;DaGwL
#= /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ M g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf
:yfgLo txn] Go"gtd /f]huf/ k|bfg ug{ /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfo{ ug]{5g\ M–
16 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

-s_ ;fj{hlgs If]qsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfdf


k|To]s cfly{s jif{df l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] /f]huf/Lsf] cf+sng ug]{,
-v_ k|To]s jif{ /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmdx?sf]
th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-u_ /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu ljleGg lgsfon] sfof{Gjog ug]{
sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfdf a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ Go"gtd /f]huf/L
k|bfg ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{,
-3_ /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf] nflu lghL If]q tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf;Fu
cfjZos ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{,
-ª_ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ j[l4sf] nflu :yfgLo :t/df pTkflbt j:t'sf]
vkt tyf pkef]u ug{ ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng ug]{,
-r_ ul/aL lgjf/0f / /f]huf/L ;[hgf ;DaGwL sfo{x?nfO{ PsLs[t
?kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
$= lg0f{o ug]{ M s'g} JolQm a]/f]huf/ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df To:tf]
JolQm a;f]af; ul/cfPsf] j8f sfof{non] u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df
;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'vn]
lg0f{o ug]{5 .
kl/R5]b–#
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng ;DaGwL
%= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng M -!_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] ;~rfngsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sDtLdf /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]
;/xsf] sd{rf/L /f]huf/ ;+of]hs /xg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] ;DalGwt :yfgLo
tx;Fu ;dGjo u/L P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd /f]huf/ sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 17

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/ ;+of]hsnfO{ ;xof]u


k'¥ofpg ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df sfdsfh ug]{
u/L cfjZos sd{rf/L v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
^= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ :yfgLo txleq /x]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] tYof+s ;+sng tyf
ljZn]if0f u/L a]/f]huf/sf] ;"rL cBfjlws ug]{,
-v_ ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{,
-u_ :yfgLo txleq pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] klxrfg u/L
;f]sf] ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{,
-3_ :yfgLo txleqsf] /f]huf/Lsf] ;DefJo l:ylt ljZn]if0f u/L
/f]huf/Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug]{, /f]huf/ gS;f+sg ug]{ tyf
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf] clen]vf+sg ug]{,
-ª_ /f]huf/bftfsf nflu >ldssf] pknAwtfsf] ;DefJotf hfgsf/L
u/fpg]],
-r_ /f]huf/bftfaf6 dfu eP adf]lhd ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{
/f]huf/Lsf nflu sfddf hfg ;"lrt ug]{,
-5_ a]/f]huf/x?sf] 1fg, ;Lk, of]Uotf, cg'ej, / ahf/sf] dfusf
cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf] klxrfg u/L
;DalGwt tflnd s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-h_ cfˆgf sfdsf/jfxLsf] af/]df lgoldt ?kdf ;DalGwt ufpF
sfo{kflnsf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{,
-em_ P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd cfkm"n] u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf]
;DaGwdf dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf dGqfno / k|b]zsf] /f]huf/L
;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfnodf dfl;s ?kdf k|ltj]bg k7fpg],
-~f_ cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleqaf6 j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg rfxg] JolQmx?sf
nflu ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{,
18 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

-6_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j4{g af]8{af6 pknAw u/fOg] cfly{s ;xfotf


ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],
-7_ a]/f]huf/ kl/jf/nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f ug]{,
-8_ /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
&= lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ M -!_ Go"gtd /f]huf/df ;+nUg x'g rfxg] a]/f]huf/
JolQmn] k|To]s jif{sf] r}t dlxgfdf cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf nflu
a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t x'g ;DalGwt j8f sfof{nodf
cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of]
lgod nfu" ePsf] jif{sf] xsdf a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] lgj]bg lbg] cjlw
dGqfnon] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf lgj]bg ;DalGwt j8f
sfof{non] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq /f]huf/ ;]jf
s]Gb|df k'Ug] u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bgsf]
cfwf/df cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ljj/0f
cBfjlws u/L dGqfno / ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] /f]huf/L ;DaGwL ljifo
x]g]{ dGqfnonfO{ lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ljB'tLo
dfWod dfkm{t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
*= >lds dfu ug]{ M -!_ /f]huf/bftfn] cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ >ldssf]
dfu ubf{ cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /f]huf/bftfsf] dfu adf]lhdsf]]
>lds /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df pknAw ePdf lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn]
;ft lbgleq /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] >lds l;kmfl/; u/L ;DalGwt
/f]huf/bftfnfO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 19

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] l;kmfl/; u/L


sfddf vl6Psf] >ldsn] h'g;'s} sf/0fn] sfd 5f8]df /f]huf/bftfn]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
(= /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f M -!_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] If]qleq /x]sf
/f]huf/bftf;Fu cfjZos ljj/0f dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] ljj/0f /f]huf/bftfn]
cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] /f]huf/bftfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ljj/0f
;+sng u/L k|To]s dlxgf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f dGqfno /
;DalGwt k|b]zsf] /f]huf/L ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfnodf ljB'tLo
dfWod dfkm{t k7fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–$
lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;DaGwL
!)= ;ldltsf] a}7s tyf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog M -!_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf
;ldltsf] cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
-@_ ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L
;b:ox? pkl:yt ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-#_ ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog dGqfnon] ug]{5 .
!!= k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldlt M -!_ gful/ssf] /f]huf/Lsf] xs ;+/If0f ;DaGwL
sfdsf] nflu k|b]z :t/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldlt
/xg]5 M–
20 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

-s_ dGqL⁄/fHo dGqL /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfno –cWoIf


-v_ ;lrj, /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfno –;b:o
-u_ ;lrj, cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno –;b:o
-3_ ;lrj, d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no –;b:o
-ª_ ;lrj, pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno –;b:o
-r_ ;lrj, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfno –;b:o
-5_ pk;lrj, /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfno –;b:o–;lrj
-@_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno k|b]zsf] /f]huf/ ;DaGwL
ljifo x]g]{ dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
!@= k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s ;f]
;ldltsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf a:g]5 .
-@_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;f] ;ldltsf]
cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] krf;
k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox? pkl:yt ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu
u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;f] ;ldltsf] ;b:o–;lrjn]
k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw k|b]z
lgb]{zs ;ldlt cfkm+}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt
k|b]zsf] /f]huf/ ;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ dGqfnon] ug]{5 .
!#= k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M k|b]z lgb]{zs ;ldltsf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 21

-s_ ;DalGwt k|b]z leqsf] >d ahf/sf] dfu / ljBdfg hgzlQmsf]


pknAwtfsf] ljZn]if0f / k|If]k0f ug]{,
-v_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf nflu /f]huf/ jf :j/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf ug{
cfjZos gLlt k|bz ] ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_ ;DalGwt k|b]z leqsf] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws clen]v
tof/ ug{ nufpg],
-3_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] lgjf{x eQfsf] ;DaGwdf k|b]z
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-ª_ ;DalGwt k|b]z leq ;+rflnt a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjogsf] d"N+ofÍg ug]{,
-r_ ;DalGwt k|b]z leqsf ;/sf/L, lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?;Fu
/f]huf/ ;[hgfsf nflu cfjZos ;dGjo ug]{,
-5_ ;ldltn] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g adf]lhd sfd ug]{ .
!$= :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldlt M -!_ gful/ssf] /f]huf/Lsf] xs ;+/If0f ;DaGwL
sfdsf] nflu k|To]s :yfgLo txdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo lgb]{zs
;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{ kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v –cWoIf
-v_ ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] pkfWoIf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] pkk|d'v –;b:o
-u_ ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
k|d'vn] tf]s]sf j8f cWoIf b'O{ hgf –;b:o
-3_ ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t –;b:o–;lrj
-@_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf /xg]5 .
22 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

!%= :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s M -!_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s
;f] ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ldlt, ;do / :yfgdf a:g]5 .
-@_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ;f] ;ldltsf]
cWoIfn] ug]{5 .
-#_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] krf;
k|ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox? pkl:yt ePdf ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] nflu
u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;b:o–;lrjn] k|dfl0ft
u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-%_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw
:yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldlt cfkm+}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt
:yfgLo txsf] ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] ug]{5 .
!^= :yfgLo lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M :yfgLo lgb]{zs
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
-s_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx leqsf] >d ahf/sf] dfu / ljBdfg
hgzlQmsf] pknAwtfsf] ljZn]if0f / k|If]k0f ug],{
-v_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf nflu /f]huf/ jf :j/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf ug{
cfjZos gLlt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsf ;dIf
l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx leqsf] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws
clen]v tof/ ug{ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ dfu{bz{g ug]{,
-3_ :yfgLo txleq ;~rflnt /f]huf/ sfo{qmd tyf a]/f]huf/
;xfotf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{,
-ª_ ;ldltn] lbPsf] dfu{bz{g adf]lhd sfd ug]{ .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 23

kl/R5]b–%
a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;DaGwL
!&= cGo sfo{qmd ;~rfng M P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]lvt
sfo{qmdsf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo
txn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{
;Sg]5g\M–
-s_ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ;DaGwL,
-v_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L ;[hgfsf nflu :yfgLo k|ljlw / pTkfbgsf]
pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ;DaGwL,
-u_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L ;[hgfsf nflu /f]huf/ k|j{4g ;DaGwL,
-3_ /f]huf/d"ns tyf ;Lkd"ns tfnLdsf nflu cGo If]q;Fu
;fem]bf/L Pj+ ;xsfo{ ;DaGwL,
-ª_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmls{Psf gful/ssf] k'FhL, ;Lk / cg'ejsf]
pkof]u ;DaGwL,
-r_ :jo+;]js kl/rfng ;DaGwL .
!*= lgjf{x eQfsf] ljt/0f M -!_ lgjf{x eQf lng kfpg] a]/f]huf/ JolQmn]
cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf :j3f]if0ff u/L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg ;fy a]/f]huf/ JolQmn]
lghsf] kl/jf/ lgjf{x eQf kfpg of]Uo /x]sf] Joxf]/fsf] ;DalGwt j8f
sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; ;d]t ;+nUg ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ j8f sfof{non] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ em'¶f
l;kmfl/; u/]df To:tf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ clwsf/L pk/ k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
-$_ lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txn] lgjf{x eQf kfpg] kl/jf/x?sf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
24 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

-%_ s'g} JolQm lgjf{x eQf kfpgsf] nflu of]Uo xf] jf xf]Og eGg]
ljifodf ljjfb pTkGg ePdf ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'vn] lg0f{o ug]{5 .
-^_ lgjf{x eQf afktsf] /sd ;DalGwt JolQmsf] a}ª\s vftfdf
hDdf ug{' kg]{5 .
-&_ pklgod -^_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn]
z"Go df}Hbftdf a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] gfddf a}ª\s vftf vf]Ng] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-*_ lgjf{x eQf kfpg] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf kl/jf/sf ;b:on]
cg';"rL–^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lgjf{x eQf a'em\gsf] nflu d~h'/Lgfdf
lbO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtleq lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{sf] ;+of]hg /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
ug]{5 .
!(= :j3f]if0ff ug{' kg]{ M lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug]{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] cg';"rL–&
df pNn]lvt zt{x?sf] kfngf ug]{ u/L :j3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{5 .
@)= ph"/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]g cGt{utsf] s;"/ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf]
yfxf kfpg] JolQmn] >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{nodf lnlvt ?kdf ph"/L
btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s;}n]
df}lvs ?kdf ph"/L lbg rfx]df ;f] ph"/Lsf] Joxf]/f lnlvt ?kdf
tof/ u/L ph"/Lstf{sf] ;lx 5fk u/fO{ >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{nodf
btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ph"/L ;DalGwt /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t ;d]t lbg ;lsg]5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 25

-$_ >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{non] pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd


ph"/L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq To:tf] ph"/L pk/ lg0f{o
ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
@!= hl/jfgf ltg'{ kg]{ cjlw M s;}nfO{ P]gsf] bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhdsf] hl/jfgf x'g] u/L lg0f{o ePdf ;f] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn]
Ps dlxgfleq To:tf] hl/jfgf ;DalGwt >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{nodf
a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–^
ljljw
@@= /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL M -!_ k|To]s /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
a]/f]huf/ JolQm tyf /f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0fsf] clen]v /fVg /f]huf/
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf]
:yfkgf / ;~rfng dGqfno dfkm{t ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|of]udf NofPsf cGo Plss[t ;"rgf k|0ffnL;Fu cfj4
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@#= cg';"rL x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg] M dGqfnon] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@$= sfo{ljlw agfpg ;Sg] M k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txn] of] lgodfjnL
sfof{Gjogsf nflu cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L cfjZos
sfof{ljlw agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 .
26 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

cg';"rL–!
-lgod & sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
Go"gtd /f]huf/df ;+nUg x'g rfxg]
a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9f“rf
>L =====g+= j8f sfof{no,
==================== ufp“ sfo{kflnsf÷gu/ sfo{kflnsf, lhNnf ============= .

/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd d}n] Go"gtd
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gkfPsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/÷k|b]z ;/sf/÷:yfgLo txåf/f ;~rflnt
Go"gtd /f]huf/ sfo{qmddf ;+nUg x'g O{R5's ePsf]n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;lxt
/f]huf/L kfpgsf] nflu of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' .

!= gfd, y/ M
@= :yfoL 7]ufgf M===============================g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+===========================
#= c:yfoL 7]ufgf M ============================= g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+========================
$= gful/stf g+= / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf =====================================================
%= kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vof M====================== hgf
^= :jb]zL÷j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf /x]sf kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] ;+Vof M
&= jflif{s kfl/jfl/s cfo M ?===================== -cIf/]kL =============================_
*= z}lIfs of]Uotf M
(= cfkm"n] xfl;n u/]sf] ;Lk÷tfnLdsf] ljj/0f M
!)= sfd ug{ rfx]sf] If]q M ======================== -jg, s[lif, lgdf{0f, cGo ===============_
!!= sfddf vl6g rfx]sf] ;Defljt ;do ==================b]lv================= ;Dd .
!@= sfd ug{ rfx]sf] 7fpF =======================================================================
pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;fFrf] xf], em'¶f 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf÷a'emfpFnf
egL ;lx5fk ug]{ .
lgj]bssf] b:tvtM
ldlt M
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 27

cg';"rL–@
-lgod & sf] pklgod -$_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws ljj/0fsf] 9f“rf

/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|


=========================ufp“ sfo{kflnsf÷gu/ sfo{kflnsf

l;=g+= a]/f]huf/ jtg a]/f]huf/ a]/f]huf/ Gfful/stf g+÷ Kffl/jfl/s s}lkmot


JolQmsf] gfd, JolQmsf] JolQmsf] gful/stf ;+s]t g+=
y/ hGd ldlt afa'sf] hf/L ePsf]
gfd, y/ lhNnf
!=
@=
#=
$=

k|dfl0ft ug]{sf]
gfd M
b:tvtM
ldlt M
28 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

cg';"rL–#
-lgod * sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

>lds dfu ug]{ lgj]bgsf] 9f“rf

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ldlt M


=============ufpF sfo{kflnsf, gu/ sfo{kflnsf, lhNnf============ .
=============================lhNnf================================gu/ sfo{kflnsf÷ufpF
sfo{kflnsfdf cjl:yt d]/f] ==================================== sDkgL÷pBf]u÷kmd{nfO{
======================== lhNnf ========================== gu/kflnsf÷ufpFkflnsf j8f g+=
================ df sfd ug{ tklzn adf]lhdsf >ldsx? cfjZos ePsf]n] a]/f]huf/
;"rLdf /x]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 >lds pknAw u/fO{lbg' x'g of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!= /f]huf/bftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M
@= /f]huf/bftfsf] pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k|s[lt M pTkfbgd"ns÷;]jfd"ns
#= sfd ug'{kg]{ If]q M ======================-jg, s[lif, pBf]u, cGo===================_
$= cfjZos sfdbf/sf] k|s[lt M bIf÷cbIf
l;=g+= >ldssf] kb cfjZos sfo{ljj/0f cfjZos Go"gtd sfd pknAw x'g]
;+Vof 5f]6s/Ldf z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;dofjlw
;Lk -lbgdf v'nfpg]_

/f]huf/bftfsf] b:tvt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M
ldlt M
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 29

cg';"rL–$
-lgod ( sf] pklgod -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

/f]huf/bftfsf] ljj/0f

!= /f]huf/bftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M


@= /f]huf/bftfsf] pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k|s[lt M pTkfbgd"ns÷;]jfd"ns÷cGo -==========_
#= hgzlQmsf] b/aGbL ;+Vof M
$= xfn l/Qm /x]sf] hgzlQmsf] k|s[lt / cfjZos of]Uotf M
%= /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] :yfg M
s= ufpF sfo{kflnsf÷gu/ sfo{kflnsf M
v= j8f g+=
u= lhNnf M
^= sfdsf] k|s[lt M :yfoL÷c:yfoL÷s/f/÷b}lgs Hofnfbf/L
&= Ps cfly{s jif{df /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] cjlw M Ps ;o lbg;Dd÷b'O{ ;o
lbg;Dd÷tLg ;o k}+;7\7L lbg;Dd

/f]huf/bftfsf] b:tvtM

/f]huf/bftfsf] sfof{nosf] 5fk

ldlt M
30 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

cg';"rL–%
-lgod !* sf] pklgod -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

lgjf{x eQf kfpgsf] nflu


a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9f“rf

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ldlt M


=================ufpF sfo{kflnsf, gu/ sfo{kflnsf, lhNnf================= .

d Go"gtd /f]huf/df ;+nUg x'g O{R5's eO{ ================== j8f sfof{no, =========================
ufpF sfo{kflnsf÷gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf lgj]bg lbPsf] t/ ================================ lbgsf]
dfq /f]huf/L pknAw ePsf]÷/f]huf/ pknAw gePsf]df dnfO{ =============================
lbg a/fa/sf] /sd lgodfg';f/ lgjf{x eQfsf] ?kdf pknAw u/fOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub}{
of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!= gfd, y/ M
@= :yfoL 7]ufgf M=================================g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+=========================
#= c:yfoL 7]ufgf M ============================= g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+========================
$= gful/stf g+= / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf ===========================================
%= jflif{s kfl/jfl/s cfo M ?===================== -cIf/]kL =============================_
^= a}+s vftf g+= =============================== a}+ssf] gfd===================================
d / d]/f] kl/jf/sf] s'g} klg ;b:on] /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf @@ sf]
pkbkmf -$_ / -%_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]sf] egL :j3f]if0ff ub{5' . ;fy}
lgjf{x eQf afkt k|fKt x'g] /sd cfkm" :j/f]huf/ x'gsf] nflu k|of]u ug]{5' .
pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;fFrf] xf], em'¶f 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf÷a'emfpFnf
egL ;lx5fk ug]{ .

lgj]bssf] b:tvtM
ldlt M
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&% 31

cg';"rL–^
-lgod !* sf] pklgod -*_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

d~h'/Lgfdf

xfdL b]xfo adf]lhdsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] lgjf{x eQf
a'em\gsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ePsf] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] ;b:onfO{ of] d~h'/Lgfdf
lbO{ k7fPsf 5f}F . lghnfO{ pQm lgjf{x eQf pknAw u/fOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}F .
o;df xfdLn] kl5 s'g} lsl;dsf] bfjL lj/f]w ug]{ 5}gf}, kl5 s'g} bfjL lj/f]w u/]df o;}
d~h'/Lgfdfåf/f ab/ ul/lbg' ePdf xfd|f] d~h'/L 5 .
kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
gfd,y/ lgjf{x gful/stf JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ cf+}7f 5fk
eQf a'em\g] g+= nfeu|fxL
JolQm;Fusf] kl/rokq g+= bfFof afFof
gftf

d~h'/Lgfdf kfpg]sf]
b:tvt M
gfd M
7]ufgf M
gful/stf g+ M
kl/jf/ ;+s]t g+= M
nfeu|fxL kl/rokq g+= M
a}+s vftf g+=
ldlt M
32 /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%

cg';"rL–&
-lgod !( ;“u ;DalGwt_

a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] u/]sf] :j3f]if0ffsf] 9f“rf

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ldlt M


=================ufpF sfo{kflnsf, gu/ sfo{kflnsf, lhNnf============= .

d lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo ePsf]n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] zt{sf] kfngf ug]{ u/L :j3f]if0ff
ub{5' . zt{sf] kfngf gu/]df sfg"g adf]lhd ;x"Fnf a'emfpFnf .
!= gfd, y/ M
@= :yfoL 7]ufgf M===============================g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+===========================
#= c:yfoL 7]ufgf M ============================ g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+===========================
$= gful/stf g+= / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf ===========================================
%= kfl/jfl/s sf]8 g+= ==================================================
^= a}ª\s vftf g+= =============================== a}ª\ssf] gfd===============================
zt{x?M
-s_ lgjf{x eQf /sdsf] b'?kof]u ug]{ 5}g .
-v_ c;n cfr/0fdf /xg]5' .
-u_ /f]huf/ k|fKt ug{ tyf :j/f]huf/ aGgsf] nflu lg/Gt/ k|oTg/t /xg]5' .
-3_ gful/ssf] st{Jo kfngf ug]{5' .
­­
:j3f]if0ff ug]{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] b:tvtM
ldlt M
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 33

k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng


lgb]{lzsf, @)&%
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ldlt M @)&%÷!)÷@%

k|:tfjgf M d'n's leq /f]huf/Lsf kof{Kt cj;/ l;h{gf u/L pknAw


hgzlQmsf] dxQd pkof]u ub}{ cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] tyf
;a}sf nflu Go"gtd /f]huf/L ;'lglZrt u/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{]
p2]Zon] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æk|wfgdGqL /f]huf/
sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] lgb]{lzsf t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Fun] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb]{lzsfdf,
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% ;Demg'k5{ .
-v_ æsfo{qmdÆ eGgfn] o;} lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ;~rfng x'g]
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-u_ ælgb]{zs ;ldltÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt
;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ ælgjf{x eQfÆ eGgfn] P]gsf] bkmf @@ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{x eQf
;Demg'k5{ .
34 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-ª_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfnonfO{


;Demg' kb{5 .
-r_ æa]/f]huf/ JolQmÆ eGgfn] Ps cfly{s jif{df Go"gtd Ps ;o
lbg /f]huf/df ;+nUg gePsf] jf sDtLdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
cfo cfh{g x'g] :j/f]huf/df ;+nUg g/x]sf] c7f/ jif{ b]lv
pgfG;f7L jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf] gful/s ;Demg'k5{ .
-5_ æk|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnoÆ eGgfn] k|b]zdf >d, /f]huf/ tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iff ljifo x]g]{ dGqfnonfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-h_ æ/f]huf/ cfof]hgfÆ eGgfn] ;+3 tyf k|b]zsf ljifout dGqfno
jf lgsfo jf :yfgLo tx cGt/ut ;~rflnt ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
jf cGo ;fj{hlgs If]qsf cfof]hgf, jf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
tLg} txn] /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu ;~rfng ug]{] …sfdsf
nflu kfl/>ldsÚ jf …>ldssf] Hofnfsf] /sddf ;fem]bf/LÚ df
cfwfl/t cfof]hgf jf tLg} txsf ;/sf/n] lghL, ;xsf/L jf
u}/;/sf/L If]q;+usf] ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rflnt u/]sf
/f]huf/L l;h{gfsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
-em_ æ/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rgf ;+sng,
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] klxrfg / ;"rgf k|jfx, /f]huf/bftfsf]
nflu >lds pknAwtfsf] hfgsf/L / /f]huf/ ;DaGwL cGo
;]jf k|bfg ug{ P]g adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|
;Demg'k5{ .
-`_ æ/f]huf/ ;+of]hsÆ eGgfn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{sf
nflu o; lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf $% adf]lhd s/f/df /flvPsf]
sd{rf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
-6_ ænfeu|fxL kl/rokqÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo txn] klxrfg u/L ;"rLs[t
u/]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ /f]huf/Ldf v6fpg' k"j{ k|bfg ug]{
kl/rokqnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 35

#= sfo{qmdsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r M ;a}sf nflu /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt dfkm{t


gful/ssf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' of] sfo{qmdsf] bL3{sfnLg ;f]r
x'g]5 .
$= sfo{qmdsf] nIo M cfGtl/s /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 / ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf] k|j4{g ug'{ of] sfo{qmdsf] nIo x'g]5 .
%= sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo M o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M
-s_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ Go"gtd /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ cfjZos
/f]huf/ ;]jf / ;xfotf k|bfg ug{]{ .
-v_ bIf tyf ;Ifd hgzlQm ljsf; u/L cfGtl/s /f]huf/Lsf] k|j4{g
/ lj:tf/ ug]{ .
-u_ ;/sf/L, lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qx?aLrsf] ;dGjo /
;xsfo{df yk /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .
-3_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu cfjZos gLltut /
;+/rgfTds Joj:yf ug]{ .
-ª_ ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt / lj:tf/df of]ubfg
ug]{ .
-r_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L l;h{gf;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L
/f]huf/Lsf gofF If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
^= sfo{qmdsf] /0fgLltM o; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf
/0fgLltx? lnOg]5M
-s_ :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/Lsf] k|j4{gsf nflu ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf
sfo{x?df ;Dej eP;Dd >dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
-v_ /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu cGt/If]qut tyf cGt/txut ;dGjo
ug]{ .
36 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-u_ ;Lkd"ns tflnddfkm{t ahf/sf] dfu cg'?ksf] >dzlQm ljsf;


/ cfk"lt{ ug]{ .
-3_ tfnLd, /f]huf/ ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ / ljQLo ;xof]u dfkm{t
/f]huf/ tyf :j/f]huf/sf cj;/x?sf] l;h{gf ug]{ .
-3_ /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]q;Fu ;xsfo{
ug]{ .
-ª_ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf dfkm{t /f]huf/L
;DaGwL If]qut tYofÍ lgoldt ?kdf cBfjlws u/L pkof]u
ug]{ .
&= sfo{qmdsf] If]q M
-s_ of] sfo{qmd ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tLg} txsf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs If]qsf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?df
;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-v_ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfnox?, k|b]z ;/sf/sf
dGqfnox? / :yfgLo txx? cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleq o; sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjogdf lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .
-u_ of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf k|d'v If]qx?df ;8s,
vfg]kfgL, 9n Joj:yfkg, l;+rfO{+, pmhf{, ;x/L ljsf;, lzIff,
:jf:Yo, k"glg{df{0f, ko{6g, jg, ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/, s[lif tyf
;xsf/L, ;"rgf k|ljlw, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf hnjfo' cg's"ng
jf /f]huf/ l;h{gf x'g ;Sg] cGo If]qnfO{ lnOg]5 .
-3_ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf If]q afx]s lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
If]qdf ;d]t ;DalGwt If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf
u/L Go"gtd /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
*= sfo{qmdsf nlIft ;d"x M o; sfo{qmdsf nlIft ;d"x !* b]lv %( jif{
pd]/ ;d"xsf] a]/f]huf/ JolQm tyf lghsf] kl/jf/ x'g]5g\ .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 37

kl/R5]b @
;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?sf] e"ldsf
(= a]/f]huf/ JolQm tyf kl/jf/ M -!_ a]/f]huf/n] lgj]bg lbg'kg]{M s'g} klg
a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] cfk"m :yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] ufpF sfo{kflnsf
jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] j8f sfof{nodf jf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df bkmf
!* sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a]/f]huf/ ;"rLdf btf{sf nflu lgj]bg
lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{kg]{M /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] a]/f]huf/ ;"rLdf
btf{sf nflu lgj]bg lbg] JolQmnfO{ pm a]/f]huf/ eP gePsf] jf
lghsf] kl/jf/ lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf yk
hfgsf/L dfu]df jf lgh;Fu jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] cGo ;b:o;Fu ;f]
;DjGwdf ;f]wk'5 ug{ rfx]df lghn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ cfjZos
;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ tf]lsPsf] sfd ug'{kg]{M a]/f]huf/ ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t JolQmn]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] v6fPsf] :yfgdf uO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd ug'{ kg]{5 .
o;/L tf]lsPsf] sfd gu/]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ bkmf @@ adf]lhd
a]/f]huf/sf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOg]5 / lghn] o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdsf]
;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ cfr/0f / cg'zf;gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{M pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
/f]huf/ cfof]hgfdf sfd ubf{ k|To]s >ldsn] b]xfo cg';f/sf] cfr/0f
/ cg'zf;gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ ;dosf] kfngf ug]{,
-v_ ;d"xdf ldn]/ sfd ug]{,
-u_ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{,
-3_ c;n cfr/0f / cg'zf;g sfod ug]{,
38 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-ª_ sfo{:yndf cfof]hgfn] pknAw u/fPsf ;'/Iff ;fdu|Lx?


nufpg],
-r_ cfof]hgf :yndf vl6Psf] k|fljlwsn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd
sfo{:yn ;'/Iffsf pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug]{,
-5_ sfo{:yndf ;xsdL{;Fu jf cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu em}emu8f gug]{
gu/fpg],
-h_ sfo{:yndf ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj ljyf]lng] vfnsf s'g} Jojxf/
gug]{ gu/fpg],
-em_ sfo{:yndf n}+lus, hftLo, If]qLo, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf
of}ghGo lx+;f / lje]b gug]{ gu/fpg] .
!)= dGqfno / ljifout dGqfnox? M -!_ of] sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos
gLlt, lgod, sfo{ljlw tyf dfkb08 th'{df, :jLs[lt / k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ u/fpg], ljifout dGqfnox?, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txx?sf
jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdaf6 Go"gtd /f]huf/Lsf nflu /f]huf/
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{sf] ;dGjo ug]{ / ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
tLg} txdf ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg /
k|ltj]bg ug]{ e"ldsf dGqfnosf] x'g]5 .
-@_ ljifout dGqfnox?n] cf–cfk\mgf] gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf
ah]6 th'{df / sfof{Gjog ubf{ /f]huf/L l;h{gfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],
cfof]hgfx?df /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 >lds dfu u/L sfddf nufP/
sfd u/]sf] lbgsf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL lbg] / sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf
dGqfnonfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd dGqfno / ljifout dGqfnox?n]
lgjf{x ug]{ e"ldsfnfO{ /fli6«o ;f]r, nIo, gLlt / /0fgLlt;Fu
;fd~h:ok"0f{ agfpg /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjZos k/fdz{,
;dGjo / ;xof]u ug]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 39

!!= k|b]z ;/sf/ M k|b]zsf If]qut dGqfno tyf lgsfox?sf] jflif{s


ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdaf6 of] sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf /f]huf/L l;h{gf
ug]{ cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{, k|b]zleqsf /f]huf/
cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg, d"Nof+sg tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ / o; sfo{qmdsf]
;DaGwdf :yfgLo tx tyf ;+3aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{ e"ldsf k|b]z
;/sf/sf] x'g]5 .
!@= :yfgLo tx M :yfgLo txleqsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx? tyf /f]huf/bftfx?sf]
tYofÍ ;+sng / cBfjlws ug]{ / :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdaf6
/f]huf/d"ns cfof]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg /
k|ltj]bg ug]{ e"ldsf :yfgLo txsf] x'g]5 .
!#= lghL If]q M lghL If]qn] cfk\mgf] hgzlQm cfjZostfsf] k"jf{g'dfg
u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ pknAw u/fpg], cfjZos
hgzlQm ;Dej eP;Dd /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/
JolQmx?sf] ;"rLaf6 lng], >d ahf/sf] dfu cg';f/sf tflnd
sfo{qmdsf] th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt txsf] ;/sf/, ;xsf/L
;+:yf nufot ;Defljt /f]huf/bftfx?;Fu ;d]t ;xsfo{ ug]{ h:tf
sfo{x? ug]{5g\ .
!$= ;xsf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? M of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf
;xsf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/
/ :yfgLo txx?;Fu cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xsfl/tf / ;fd'bflostfsf]
cjwf/0ff cg'?k sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ;xof]uL / ;dGjofTds e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b #
/f]huf/Lsf ;Defjgfsf] klxrfg
!%= tYof° ;+sng M -!_ k|To]s ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|dfkm{t cfkm\gf] If]qleq ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf
jflif{s cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df tyf lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
40 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

If]qx?df ;d]t l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/Lsf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ ;+sng ug'{
kg]{5 .
-@_ :yfgLo txdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs, lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
If]qsf /f]huf/bftfx?n] ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t dfu] adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ ;dod}
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] :yfgLo txsf
;fj{hlgs, lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf /f]huf/bftfx?;Fu
/f]huf/Lsf ;DaGwdf ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ / ;"rgf ;+sng, k|zf]wg
tyf pkof]udf ;fem]bf/L sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!^= cBfjlws nut /fVg'kg]{ M -!_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
;+slnt ;"rgf tyf tYofÍsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt :yfgLo txleq
pknAw /f]huf/Lsf] cg'dflgt nut /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| dfkm{t tof/
u/L cBfjlws /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] /f]huf/Lsf] nut tof/ kfbf{ pknAw
/f]huf/Lsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf, ;Lk / cg'ejsf]
ljj/0f ;lxt dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf cBfjlws nut tof/ u/L
/fVg' kg]{5 .
!&= /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgf cWoog M dGqfnon] k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno
/ :yfgLo txx?;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;DalGwt k|b]z / :yfgLo
txleq ;/sf/L, lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf
;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg ub}{ ;f]sf cfwf/df d'n'se/L /f]huf/Lsf]
dfusf] k|If]k0f / cfk"lt{sf] cg'dfg u/L dfu / cfk"lt{aLr ;Gt'ng
sfod ug{ / gofF /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] l;h{gf ug{ ;'emfj lbg] u/L
cWoog ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 41

kl/R5]b $
a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLs/0f
!*= a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLs/0f k|s[of M -!_ lgj]bg dfu ug'{ kg]{M /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb|n] :yfgLo txleqsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ k|To]s jif{sf]
r}q dlxgfe/Lsf] Dofb tf]sL cg';"rL ! adf]lhsf] 9fFrfdf a]/f]huf/
btf{sf nflu lgj]bg dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, of] sfo{qmd nfu" x'g] klxnf] cfly{s jif{sf] xsdf a]/f]huf/
btf{sf nflu lgj]bg dfu ug]{ cjlw dGqfnon] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{M :yfgLo txleqsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLdf
;"rLs[t x'g rfxg] JolQmn] cfk"m :yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] j8fsf]
j8f sfof{nodf jf :yfgLo txsf] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df pkbkmf -!_
adf]lhd cfXjfg ul/P cg'?k a]/f]huf/ btf{sf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rL cBfjlws /fVg' kg]{M /f]huf/ ;]jf
s]Gb|n] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bgsf] kGw| lbgleq 5fgljg
u/L a]/f]huf/ 7xl/Psf JolQmx?sf] ;"rL /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-$_ nfeu|fxL kl/rokq ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{M /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
klxrfg u/L ;"rLs[t u/]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ sfddf v6fpg'k"j{
cg';"rL @ adf]lhdsf] nfeu|fxL kl/rokq ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ a}+s vftf vf]Ng' kg]{M
-s_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmn]
nfeu|fxL kl/rokq kfpg' k"j{ clgjfo{ ?kdf a}+s
vftf vf]Ng' kg]{5 . klxn] g} a+}s vftf ePsf] JolQmn]
eg] k'/fg} vftf gDa/ k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_ dGqfnon] a}+ls+u If]q, ;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/ /
:yfgLo tx;Fusf] ;dGjodf >ldssf nflu s'g}
42 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

lsl;dsf] z"Ns gnfUg] u/L z"Go df}Hbftdf a}+s vftf


vf]Ng] Joj:yf ldnfpg]5 .
kl/R5]b %
/f]huf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!(= /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout
dGqfno tyf lgsfox? / :yfgLo txx?n] cfk"mn] ;~rfng ug]{
ljsf; cfof]hgfx?sf] s"n ah]6sf] lglZrt k|ltzt ah]6 >ldssf]
Hofnfdf vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\
/ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] lg0f{o u/L cfof]hgfsf]
k|s[ltsf cfwf/df cfof]hgfn] k"FhLut ah]6af6 /f]huf/Ldf vr{ ug'{
kg]{ ah]6sf] km/s km/s k|ltzt tf]Sg ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfno tyf
lgsfox? / :yfgLo txx? ;a}n] ?= Ps s/f]8;Dd nfut cg'dfg
ePsf cfof]hgfx? ;~rfng ubf{ k|fljlws b[li6sf]]0faf6 d]lzgsf]
k|of]u gu/L ;Dej gx'g] egL tf]lsPsf] k|fljlws 6f]nLn] l;kmfl/;
u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;a} cfof]hgfx?df >ldssf] pknAwtf eP;Dd
>dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
o; k|of]hgsf nflu s'g} cfof]hgfn] d]lzg k|of]u ug'{kg]{
cj:yfdf ;DalGwt cfof]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] ;+3sf] ljifout dGqfno
jf k|b]zsf] ljifout dGqfno jf ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . pQm lgj]bgsf
cfwf/df ;+3sf] ljifout dGqfno jf k|b]zsf] ljifout dGqfno
jf ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] cfkm} jf cfkm" dftxtsf]
sfof{noaf6 k|fljlws 6f]nL v6fO{ jf v6fpg nufO{ d]lzg k|of]u
ug'{kg]{ jf gkg]{ ljifosf] cWoog ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non] cfk\mgf lgoldt cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd
afx]s /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ p2]Zon] …sfdsf nflu kfl/>lds (Cash
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 43

for Work)Ú df cfwfl/t /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog


ug{ jf k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf
;+nUg u/fpg ;fj{hlgs If]qsf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /x]sf lgoldt
cfof]hgfdf …>ldssf] Hofnfsf] /sddf ;fem]bf/L (Labour Wage
Sharing) u/L /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

@)= >lds dfu ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout
dGqfnox? / :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f jf ;fj{hlgs
If]qsf cGo cfof]hgfx?n] cf–cfk\mgf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ubf{
cfjZos kg]{ >lds cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L /f]huf/ ;]jf
s]Gb|af6 dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ 7]Ssf k|lqmofaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf cfof]hgfdf
7]Ssf k|fKt ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{
cbIf >lds cfof]hgf k|d'v dfkm{t ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb|;Fu dfu u/L sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf
cfjZos kg]{ cw{bIf / bIf >lds ;d]t pknAw eP;Dd ;DalGwt
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6} dfu u/L sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ sf Joj:yfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ cfof]hgf
k|d'vn] lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ug]{ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfd} cfjZos zt{x?
;dfj]z ug{' kg]{5 .
@!= sfddf v6fpg' kg]{ M -!_ bkmf @) adf]lhd >lds dfu eO{ cfPkl5
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] dfu k|fKt ePsf] ;ft lbg leq a]/f]huf/sf]
;"rLdf ;"rLs[t JolQmx?nfO{ ;DalGwt cfof]hgfx?df nfeu|fxL
kl/rokq ;lxt sfd ug{ v6fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ sfddf v6fpFbf b]xfo
cg';f/sf] :yfgsf] cfof]hgfdf qmdzM v6fpg' kg]{5M
44 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-s_ >lds dfu eO{ cfPsf cfof]hgf dWo] a]/f]huf/ JolQm a;f]af;
u/]sf] :yfgaf6 ;a}eGbf glhs kg]{ tyf kx'Fr ;xh x'g] ;DalGwt
j8fleq ;~rfng ePsf] cfof]hgfdf,
-v_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txleq ;~rfng ePsf] cfof]hgfdf,
-u_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txleq ;~rfng ePsf] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf]
?rL, cg'ej / Ifdtf cg's"nsf] cfof]hgfdf,
-3_ ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQm ;a}nfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txleq}
/f]huf/L lbg g;lsg] / ;f] :yfgLo txeGbf aflx/ cfk\mg}
lhNnfleqsf] s'g} :yfgLo txaf6 >lds dfu eO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdf
;f] :yfgLo tx /x]sf] lhNnfleqsf] ;aeGbf glhs kg]{ :yfgsf]
cfof]hgfdf,
-ª_ s'g} klg :yfgLo txdf ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?af6 dfq
sfd u/fpg >lds kof{Kt geP/ ;f] :yfgLo txn] >lds
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] :yfgLo txnfO{ >lds dfu u/L k7fPdf
;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] If]qleq Go"gtd /f]huf/L k|fKt
x'g g;s]sf] egL u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df b]ze/sf] h'g;'s}
:yfgsf] /f]huf/ cfof]hgfdf .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ sfddf v6fpFbf
pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? ;"rLs[t ;a} a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf nflu
kof{Kt gePsf] cj:yfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|fyldstfqmddf qmdzM
v6fpg' kg]{5M
-s_ s[lif pTkfbgn] jif{df # dlxgf vfg gk'Ug] s[lifdf cfl>t
kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-v_ a;f]jf;sf nflu cfk\mg} 3/ gePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-u_ Psn dlxnf 3/d"nL ePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-3_ blnt, cNk;+Vos jf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 45

-ª_ jflif{s Go"gtd /f]huf/L afkt k|fKt x'g] kfl/>lds eGbf sd


gub cfo ePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-r_ sf]xL klg ;b:on] Go"gtd /f]huf/L gkfPsf] jf ;f] a/fa/sf]
cfDbfgL x'g] u/L :j/f]huf/ gePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-5_ zlxb kl/jf/ tyf a]kQf kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-h_ kl/jf/df sfd ug]{ pd]/ -!*–%(_ sf] jf sfd ug{ ;Sg] zf/Ll/s
cj:yf ePsf] cGo ;b:o gePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o,
-em_ dlxnf a]/f]huf/ JolQm,
-`_ cGo a]/f]huf/ JolQm .
-$_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf cfwf/x? cg'?k
tof/ kf/]sf] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws ;"rL ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] lg0f{o u/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@= a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOg] M -!_ s'g} a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] /f]huf/
cfof]hgfn] lghnfO{ v6fOP adf]lhdsf] sfd ug{ OGsf/ u/]df jf bkmf
( sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f / cg'zf;gsf] kfngf gu/]df
;f] Aoxf]/f ;DalGwt cfof]hgfn] ;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df n]vL
k7fpg' kg]{5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df ;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] lghnfO{
a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} a]/f]huf/ JolQm /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"rLs[t ePkl5
sfddf v6fOg' k"j{ jf v6fO;s]kl5 lgh cGoq /f]huf/Lsf nflu
uPdf lghn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 / ;f]xL
cfwf/df /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] lghnfO{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLaf6
x6fpg' kg]{5 .
@#= >lds dfu ug{ ;Sg] M :yfgLo txleqsf lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] cg';"rL $ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L cfk"mnfO{
cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, Ifdtf, cg'ej tyf ;Lk ePsf] >lds /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb|df dfu u/L k7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
46 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

@$= >lds 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg] M -!_ bkmf @# adf]lhd >lds dfu u/L k7fPdf
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] dfu eP adf]lhd pknAw a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf]
;"rL To:tf] ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ >lds dfu ug]{ ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt ;"rLaf6
pko'Qm >lds 5gf}6 u/L sfddf nufpg ;Sg]5g\ . o;/L >lds
5gf}6 ubf{ ;+:yfn] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] 5gf}6 ljlwsf] cjnDag ug{
;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b ^
;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg
@%= >lds ;d"x u7g u/L sfddf nufpg' kg]{ M -!_ /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?n]
sfdsf] k|s[lt / cfjZostf cg';f/ cfof]hgfsf] sfdnfO{ ljleGg
v08df ljeQm u/L Ps v08sf] sfd !) b]lv !% hgf;Ddsf] Pp6f
>lds ;d"xn] ug]{ u/L ljleGg >lds ;d"xx? u7g u/]/ lhDdf lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ k|To]s >lds ;d"xdf ;d"xsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 5flgPsf]
Pshgf JolQm ;d"x g]tf /xg]5 .
-#_ ;d"x g]tfn] >lds ;d"xsf] ;b:ox?sf] b}lgs xflh/L u/fpg],
clen]v /fVg] / ;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg dfl;s
?kdf k|To]s dlxgfsf] ;ft ut] leq k]z ug]{ sfo{ ug]{5 .
-$_ ;d"x g]tfn] tf]lsPsf] sfdsf cltl/Qm sfo{:yndf c?
>lds ;/x nufOPsf] b}lgs sfd ;d]t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ 7]Ssf dfkm{t x'g] sfo{x?df ;d]t ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] af]nkq b:tfj]h tyf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf o;} bkmf adf]lhd
ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 47

@^= cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ M ;DalGwt /f]huf/ cfof]hgf


jf sfo{qmd k|d'vn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo u/L >ldssf nflu
bkmf %* adf]lhdsf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&= kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f / e"QmfgL M -!_ >ldsx?sf] sfdjfktsf] kfl/>lds
lgwf{/0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds jf :yfgLo
txn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6dWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f]xL b/sf cfwf/df
lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg] cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd k|d'vn]
pknAw u/fPsf] /f]huf/Lsf] lbgsf cfwf/df dfl;s ?kdf k|To]s
dlxgfsf] kfFr ut]leq cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ul/;Sg'
kg]{5 . 7]Ssf dfkm{t ;+rflnt sfddf ;d]t ;DalGwt 7]s]bf/n] o;}
cg';f/ >ldssf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL u/L ;f]]sf] ljj/0f ;ft lbgleq
cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd k|d'vn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt
e'QmfgLsf] ljj/0f ;ft lbg leq /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
@*= a+}s vftfdfkm{t e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ >ldsnfO{ /f]huf/ jfktsf]
kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ubf{ a}+s vftfdfkm{t ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] a}+s vftf dfkm{t /sd e'QmfgL ug{
;Dej gx'g] ljz]if cj:yfdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] ;f] Joxf]/f lg0f{o
u/L gubd} e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@(= sfdsf] lgoldt ;'k/Lj]If0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx jf
cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfk\mgf] If]qleq ;+rflnt /f]huf/ cfof]hgfdf sfo{
ug{ v6fOPsf >lds ;d"xsf] sfdsf] lgoldt ?kdf ;'kl/j]If0f ug'{
kg]{5 .
48 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-@_ /f]huf/ cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfon] ;DalGwt :yfgLo


txsf] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] sfo{ ug]{ u/L
cfk\mgf] pko'Qm k|fljlws sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
#)= k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ M bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
;'kl/j]If0fstf{ sd{rf/Ln] /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] b]xfosf kIfx?sf]
;'kl/j]If0f u/L cg';"rL % adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5M
-s_ /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws pko'Qmtf / u'0f:t/,
-v_ >ldsx?sf] cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg, sfo{:yn ;'/Iff / k|fylds
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf,
-u_ /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] nIosf] t'ngfdf ;Dkflbt sfdsf] kl/df0f,
-3_ cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/]sf] >ldssf] ;+Vof / sfo{lbg, /
-ª_ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf sdhf]/L / ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f .
#!= :ynut cg'udg ug{ ;Sg] M dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno
/ :yfgLo txn] ;do ;dodf o; sfo{qmd cGt/utsf /f]huf/
cfof]hgfx?sf] :ynut cg'udg ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
#@= cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ M bkmf @( adf]lhdsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf bkmf
#! adf]lhdsf] cg'udg sfo{df ;DalGwt cfof]hgf k|d'vn] cfjZos
;"rgf, tYofÍ, sfuhft tyf clen]v pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u ug'{
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b &
/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmd
##= /f]huf/ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ M -!_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb|n] lghn] dfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf /f]huf/L;DaGwL pknJw
;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 49

-@_ :yfgLo txleq /x]sf /f]huf/bftfn] >ldssf] pknAwtf


af/]sf] ;"rgf dfu u/]df /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ /f]huf/bftfn] >ldssf] kbk"lt{sf nflu lj1fkg ubf{ ;f]
cufj} To; ;DaGwL lj:t[t ;"rgf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df k7fpg' kg]{5 .
t/ of] Joj:yfn] lghL /f]huf/bftfnfO{ ;Ifd / k|lt:kwL{ JolQm
5gf}6sf nflu ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lj1fkg k|sfzg u/L kbk"lt{ ug{ afwf
kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] cfk\mgf] :yfgLo txleqsf ;"rLs[t
a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hLsf nflu ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L
Pj+ k/fdz{ pknAw u/fpg] tyf lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
If]qdf pknJw /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg u/fpg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;xof]u
ug'{ kg]{5 .
#$= /f]huf/Lsf nflu lghL If]q;“u ;xsfo{ M -!_ >lds cfjZostfsf]
cWoog / tflnd ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]M dGqfnon] cfk"m dftxtsf ljefu,
sfof{no tyf tflnd k|lti7fgx? Dffkm{t cfGtl/s /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug{
lghL If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf bkmf %! adf]lhd >ldssf]
cfjZostfsf] cWoog / bkmf %@ adf]lhdsf tflndx?sf] ;~rfng
u/L tflnd k|fKt a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ pBf]u, k|lti7fgx?df /f]huf/Lsf
nflu v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pBf]u k|lti7fgx?nfO{ ljQLo k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;lsg]M
-s_ s'g} pBf]u, k|lti7fgn] >ldsnfO{ lgoldt /f]huf/L
lbg] zt{df lglZrt cjlwsf nflu k|lzIffyL{ >ldssf
?kdf /fvL tflnd k|bfg ug{ rfx]df ;f] cjlwsf]
>ldssf] Go"gtd tnasf] lglZrt k|ltzt /sd
;DalGwt pBf]u, k|lti7fgnfO{ ljQLo k|f]T;fxgsf
?kdf pknAw u/fpg] u/L dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt
dGqfno jf :yfgLo txn] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
50 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-v_ o; bkmf adf]lhd pBf]u, k|lti7fgx?nfO{ ljQLo


k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] 5'6\6} sfo{ljlw
agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .
#%= sa'lnotgfdf ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tflnd
lng] a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] tflnd k|fKt u/]kl5 clgjfo{ ?kdf slDtdf
tLg jif{ ;DalGwt k|lti7fgdf cfk\mgf] ;Lk / of]Uotf adf]lhdsf]
sfd ug]{5' egL cg';"rL ^ adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotgfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
sa'lnotgfdf adf]lhd /f]huf/L gug]{ JolQmaf6 tflnd afkt vr{
eP a/fa/sf] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-@_ bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ljQLo k|f]T;fxg lng]
k|lti7fgx?n] k|lzIffyL{ >ldsnfO{ tflnd cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5
slDtdf tLg jif{ >ldssf] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] lgoldt /f]huf/L
pknAw u/fpg]5' egL cg';"rL & adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotgfdf ug'{
kg]{5 . sa'lnotgfdf adf]lhd /f]huf/L pknAw gu/fpg] k|lti7fgaf6
k|lzIffyL{ >lds /fv] jfkt pknAw u/fOPsf] ljQLo ;'ljwf a/fa/sf]
/sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5  .
kl/R5]b *
;+/rgfut Joj:yf
#^= >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;dflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno M -!_ of] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng,
Joj:yfkg, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0f ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L dGqfnosf] x'g]5 .
-@_ dGqfnon] g]kfn ;/sf/sf cGo ljifout dGqfno tyf
lgsfox?, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{, ;dGjo /
;xof]udf sfo{qmdsf] gLlt, of]hgf, dfkb08 / sfo{ljlwx? th'{df ug]{,
cfjZos ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;+of]hg ug]{
sfo{ ug]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 51

#&= cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf M -!_ dGqfnodf cfGtl/s


/f]huf/Lsf] k|j4{g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:Yffkg
dxfzfvf /xg]5 .
-@_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L cfGtl/s
/f]huf/ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf k|d'vn] k|wfgdGqL
/f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] /fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zssf ?kdf sfo{ ug]5
{  .
-$_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] cGo sfo{sf
cltl/Qm k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf b]xfo cg';f/sf sfo{x? ug]{5M
-s_ sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ gLlt, sfg"g, of]hgf, sfo{qmd
tyf dfkb08x?sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog / k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ u/fpg],
-v_ sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf cGo ljifout dGqfno tyf lgsfox?,
k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno, :yfgLo txx? Tfyf lghL, ;xsf/L /
u}/;/sf/L If]q;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo, ;fem]bf/L / ;xsfo{ sfod
ug]{,
-u_ /f]huf/L dfusf] k|If]k0f tyf pknAw hgzlQmsf] ljZn]if0f u/L
>d zlQmsf] dfu / cfk"lt{ aLrsf] cGt/ k'/f ug{ cfjZos gLlt
tyf sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-3_ sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ / sfof{Gjog
ug]{ u/fpg],
-ª_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] klxrfg / ;"rLs/0fsf] dfkb08 tyf cfwf/x?
th'{df Pj+ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ u/fpg],
-r_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| / k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno;Fusf] ;dGjo
/ ;xsfo{df d'n'se/Lsf] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] cBfjlws tYofÍ
;+sng u/fpg] tyf clen]v /fVg nufpg],
52 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-5_ :yfgLo tx, k|b]z / dGqfno :t/df PsLs[t Pj+ cBfjlws


tYofÍsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt ug{ k|efjsf/L /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-h_ P]gn] Joj:yf u/]sf /f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df /
sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-em_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmnfO{ sfo{qmd cGtu{t /f]huf/Ldf nufpg jf
ahf/sf] dfu cg'?ksf] /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg u/fpg jf :j/f]huf/
agfpg cfjZos cled'vLs/0f tyf Jofj;flos Pj+ ;Lkd"ns
tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-`_ Go"gtd /f]huf/L k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] ;"rLs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf
nflu lgjf{x eQf ljt/0fsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg],
-6_ sfo{qmddf dGqfno / cGtu{tsf lgsfoaf6 ePsf] vr{sf]
n]vfkfng / n]vfk/LIf0f u/L u/fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs
ug]{ u/fpg],
-7_ ;a} :yfgLo txx?df /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf, >f]t tyf
hgzlQm Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng, Ifdtf ljsf; / ;xlhs/0f ug]{,
-8_ gful/sx?df sfdnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ æ>dsf]
;Ddfg /fi6«sf] cleofgÆ nufotsf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg],
-9_ sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf ;+rf/ / ;r]tLs/0fsf nflu cfd ;+rf/
hut, gful/s ;dfh, ;fdflhs kl/rfng cflbåf/f ;"rgfsf]
ljsf; / ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ u/fpg],
-0f_ a]/f]huf/sf] ;"rLdf ;"lrs[t s'g} klg JolQmn] cfk"m;Fu /x]sf]
;Lk jf bIftf k|dfl0ft ug{ u/fpg rfx]df ;Lk k/LIf0f ug]{
lgsfo dfkm{t k/LIf0f / ;f]sf] k|df0fkq k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfO{ ;f]sf] nut tof/ ug]{ u/fpg],
-t_ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] lgoldt cg'udg tyf cfjlws Pj+
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;do ;dodf d"Nof+sg ug]{ u/fpg],
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 53

-y_ sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L dGqfno dfkm{t k|wfgdGqL


;dIf k]z ug]{ .
#*= ljifout dGqfnox? M -!_ of] sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf ljifout
dGqfnox?sf] e"ldsf b]xfo cg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ cfk\mgf] dGqfno cGtu{t cfof]hgfx?df vr{ ug{ ljlgof]hg
ePsf] ah]6af6 l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/sf] k"jf{g'dfg u/L ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L dGqfnonfO{ u/fpg],
-v_ cfk\mgf] dGqfno / cGtu{tsf] ah]6 th{'df ubf{ /f]huf/L
l;h{gfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ug]{ u/fpg],
-u_ cfk\mgf] dGqfno / cGtu{tsf gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf
cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf ;Dej eP;Dd
>dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / gofF /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] u/L ug]{
u/fpg],
-3_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdn] dfu]sf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ,
hfgsf/L, ;xof]u / k/fdz{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dod} pknAw
u/fpg],
-ª_ cfk"m dftxtsf lgsfox?nfO{ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg],
-r_ cfk"m dftxtsf lgsfox?af6 ;~rfng ePsf /f]huf/
cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
rf}dfl;s ?kdf lgb]{zs ;ldlt;dIf k]z ug]{,
-5_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;dGjo / ;xof]u
pknAw u/fpg] .
-@_ of] sfo{qmddf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljifout dGqfnox?sf]
e"ldsf sfof{Gjog ug{ / cGt/dGqfno ;dGjo / ;xof]u ;'lglZrt
ug{ x/]s ljifout dGqfnon] ;f] dGqfnosf] gLlt tyf of]hgf x]g]{
54 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

dxfzfvf k|d'vnfO{ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] ;Dks{ clws[t


tf]Sg' kg]{5 .
#(= >d tyf Joj;fohGo ;'/Iff ljefu M >d tyf Joj;fohGo ;'/Iff
ljefun] bkmf %! adf]lhdsf] cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofj;flos If]qdf >lds
cfjZostfsf] cWoog ug{ cfjZos ;xof]u / ;xlhs/0f ug]{5 .
$)= >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{no M >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{non] dGqfnosf]
lgb]{zgdf bkmf %! adf]lhd cfk\mgf] If]qleqsf cf}Bf]lus tyf
Joj;flos If]qx?df hgzlQm cfjZostfsf] cWoog ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{
ug]{5 .
$!= k|b]z ;/sf/ M -!_ k|b]zsf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf sfo{qmdx?df /f]huf/L
l;h{gf u/L k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ k|b]z ;/sf/sf]
lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] cfk\mgf]
gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df / sfof{Gjog ubf{ /f]huf/L
l;h{gfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t lgoldt ah]6 tyf
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogaf6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ afx]s ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
sfo{df sfdsf nflu kfl/>ldssf] 9fFrfdf /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf cnUu}
cfof]hgfx? ;d]t th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf nflu P]gn] tf]s]sf
/f]huf/ ;xfotf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .
$@= k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno M -!_ k|b]zleq k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ah]6 sfo{qmdaf6
;~rfng x'g] o; sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] ;du|
Joj:yfkg ug{] lhDd]jf/L k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] x'g]5 .
-@_ k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] o; sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt
b]xfo cg';f/sf sfo{x? ug]{5M
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 55

-s_ k|b]zleq cfGtl/s /f]huf/Lsf] cfjZostfsf] k|If]k0f / pknAw


hgzlQmsf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df k|fb]lzs /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-v_ k|b]zsf ljifout dGqfnox?;Fusf] ;dGjodf k|b]zleq cfGtl/s
/f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{,
-u_ k|b]z ;/sf/sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah]6 th'{df ubf{ /f]huf/L
l;h{gfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg dGqfnox? aLr cfjZos ;dGjo
ug]{,
-3_ k|b]zleq ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f nufotsf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ah]6df
sfof{Gjog x'g] sfo{qmddf >d k|wfg k|ljlwsf] k|of]unfO{
k|fyldstf lbg cfjZos gLltut kxn ug{],
-ª_ k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfno / dftxtsf lgb]{zgfno tyf
sfof{nox?af6 ;~rfng x'g] /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] ;dGjo,
;xlhs/0f, cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug]{ u/fpg],
-r_ cGo If]qaf6 /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g g;s]sf :yfgx?sf nflu /
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|fKt gug]{ JolQmx?sf] nflu o; sfo{qmd
cGtu{t sfdsf nflu kfl/>lds 9fFrfdf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{df 5'6\6} /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{
u/fpg],
-5_ :yfgLo tx / /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|;Fusf] ;dGjodf k|b]ze/Lsf]
a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] cBfjlws ;"rL / /f]huf/bftfx?sf]
tYofÍsf] clen]v /fVg /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf]
;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg],
-h_ k|b]z txaf6 sfof{Gjog ePsf /f]huf/ sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ultsf]
lgoldt ;dLIff tyf d"Nof+sg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg jflif{s ?kdf
;fj{hlgs ug]{ / dGqfnodf k]z ug]{,
-em_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t cled'vLs/0f / Jofj;flos
tyf ;Lkd"ns tflndsf] ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg],
56 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-`_ k|b]zleq lghL If]qsf] dfu adf]lhdsf] hgzlQm ljsf; u/L


/f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg u/fpg cfjZos gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{df u/L
sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-6_ o; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos
;dGjo / ;xof]u ug]{,
-7_ o; sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo txx?nfO{ cfjZos ;dGjo,
;xof]u / ;xlhs/0f ug]{ .
$#= :yfgLo tx M -!_ o; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo txsf] If]qleq
/x]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQm / /f]huf/bftfsf] tYofÍ ;+sng / cBfjlws
ug]{, :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdaf6 :yfgLo /f]huf/L l;h{gf
ug]{ / tYofÍsf] ;fem]bf/L, sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg / k|ltj]bg ug]{ sfo{df
k|b]z ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
k|To]s :yfgLo txsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ o:tf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ :yfgLo txn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf
sfo{x? ug'{ kg]{5M
-c_ ufp“ sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsf
-s_ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] k|fjwfg
adf]lhd cfk\mgf] If]qleqsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] tyf
/f]huf/bftfx?sf] tYofÍ ;+sng / cBfjlws ug]{ u/fpg],
-v_ jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ :yfgLo txleq
/f]huf/L l;h{gfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],
-u_ k|fljlws ?kn] d]lzgsf] k|of]u gu/L gx'g] sfd afx]ssf
:yfgLo cfof]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f >dd"ns k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6
ug]{ gLlt :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-3_ jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ l;h{gf x'g]
/f]huf/Ldf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLdf
;"lrs[t >lds dfu u/L sfddf nufpg],
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 57

-ª_ sfddf nufOPsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] sfd u/]sf] lbgsf]


kfl/>lds a}+ls+u k|0ffnLdfkm{t ;dod} e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg],
-r_ o; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu dGqfno / k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{
ug]{,
-5_ /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf nflu :yfgLo txsf lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo, ;fem]bf/L / ;xsfo{ ug]{,
-h_ lgoldt sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf cfof]hgfdf l;h{gf ePsf
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf nflu
kof{Kt gePdf yk /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ sfdsf nflu
kfl/>lds 9fFrfdf 5'6\6} /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df u/L
sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg],
-em_ dGqfno / Jofj;flos tyf ;Lk ljsf; tflnd
k|lti7fg;Fusf] ;dGjodf ahf/sf] dfu cg'?ksf]
Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
u/fpg],
-`_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] /f]huf/ ;xfotf
sfo{qmdx?df dGqfno / k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{
cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{],
-6_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg] tyf o;sf]
k|efjsf/L ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u, ;xhLs/0f
/ ;dGjo ug]{,
-7_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] klxrfgdf l;h{gf x'g] ljjfbsf
;DaGwdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 k]z eO{ cfPsf]df lj:t[t
cWoog u/L clGtd lg0f{o lbg],
-8_ o; sfo{qmdsf] :yfgLo txleq ePsf] sfof{Gjogsf]
cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f tyf d"Nof+sg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
58 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

/f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLaf6 lgoldt ?kdf dGqfno


/ k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k7fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg],
-9_ o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+rflnt cfof]hgfsf] cfof]hgf
:t/df l;h{gf x'g] ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ .
-cf_ ufp“ sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] of]hgf zfvf÷dxfzfvf
-s_ :yfgLo txsf cfof]hgfx?df /f]huf/L l;h{gf ;DaGwL
gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-v_ lgoldt sfo{qmd afx]s /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf ljz]if
sfo{qmdx? ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-u_ of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|;Fu cfjZos
;dGjo, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ug]{,
-3_ of] sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg
tyf d"Nof+sg u/L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|dfkm{t k|bz] sf]
;DalGwt dGqfno / dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg ug]{,
-ª_ k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] tf]s]sf] o; sfo{qmd;Fu
;DalGwt cGo sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug]{ .
$$= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| M -!_ x/]s :yfgLo txdf ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf
jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{nosf] ;+/rgf leq /xL sfo{ ug]{ u/L
P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] Ps /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| /xg]5 .
-@_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5M
-s_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf If]qleq /x]sf a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf]
tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f u/L a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rL
:jLs[ltsf nflu ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf k]z
ug]{,
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 59

-v_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] a]/f]huf/


JolQmsf] ;"rLnfO{ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws
u/L ;"lrs[t ug]{ / ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ nfeu|fxL
kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{,
-u_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf] ;+efJo /f]huf/Lsf]
l:ylt ljZn]if0f u/L /f]huf/Lsf] tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{, /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/sf] gSzf+sg ug]{ tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] clen]v
/fVg],
-3_ ljleGg /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?af6 dfu eP adf]lhd ;"lrs[t
a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf nflu v6fpg],
-ª_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf If]qleq pknAw /f]huf/Lsf cj;/
x?sf] klxrfg u/L ;f]sf] ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{,
-r_ /f]huf/bftfsf nflu >ldssf] pknAwtfsf] ;DefJotf hfgsf/L
u/fpg] tyf dfu eO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdf /f]huf/bftfnfO{ a]/f]huf/
JolQmsf] ;"rLaf6 >lds pknAw u/fpg],
-5_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] 1fg, ;Lk tyf Ifdtf / ahf/sf] dfusf
cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf] klxrfg u/L
;DalGwt tflnd s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-h_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx? dWo] Go"gtd
/f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{, /f]huf/d"ns tyf ;Lkd"ns tfnLd k|fKt
ug]{, lghL If]qsf] /f]huf/Ldf ;xeflu x'g] tyf :j/f]huf/ x'g]
JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{,
-em_ cfk\mgf sfd sf/jfxLsf] af/]df lgoldt ?kdf ;DalGwt ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf k|ltj]bg ug]{,
-`_ o; sfo{qmd / /f]huf/L ;Da4 cGo ljifodf dGqfnodf / k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfnodf /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdfkm{t
lgoldt k|ltj]bg ug]{,
60 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-6_ :yfgLo txleqsf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] tyf hfg rfxg]x?sf


nflu ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,
-7_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j{4g af]8{af6 pknAw u/fOg] cfly{s ;xfotf
ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg],
-8_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug{df ;+nUg ;fj{hlgs If]qleqsf
;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cGo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{,
$%= /f]huf/ ;+of]hs M -!_ bkmf $$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] /f]huf/
;]jf s]Gb|sf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug'{ /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 .
-@_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] ;du| sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnok|lt
/ sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/
sfo{kflnsfk|lt pQ/bfoL eO{ sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] ;do ;dodf lbPsf
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ sfo{qmdsf] ;"rgf Joj:yfkg / k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf
/f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt ljifo x]g{] dGqfno;Fu cfjZos
;dGjo / ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] k|ToIf ;'kl/j]If0f, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0fdf
/xL sfo{ ug]{5 .
$^= j8f sfof{nox? M of] sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf j8f sfof{non] b]xfosf
sfo{x? ug]{5g\ M
-s_ j8fe/Lsf a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rLdf btf{sf
nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;+sng ug]{ / /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df a'emfpg],
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 61

-v_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] klxrfg k|lqmof / /f]huf/L k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmofdf


l;h{gf ePsf u'gf;fx?sf] ;+sng u/L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df
a'emfpg],
-u_ j8f:t/sf /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog /
cg'udgdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfnfO{ cfjZos
;xof]u ug]{,
-3_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] o; sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf
lhDdf lbPsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
$&= /f]huf/ ;Djfb d~r M -!_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;+3,
k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf /x]sf cj;/ tyf ;Defjgfsf]
klxrfg, ;d:ofx?sf] lgbfg / /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf gjLgtd pkfo
Pj+ 9fFrf tyf ljlwx?sf] ljsf; ug{ / /f]huf/ gLlt / sfo{qmdsf
;DaGwdf cfjZos ;'emfj lbg dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno
/ :yfgLo txn] lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]q / gful/s ;dfh
Pjd\ ;~rf/ hut ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf /f]huf/ ;Djfb d~rx?
u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ tLg} txsf /f]huf/ ;Djfb d~rsf] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/L ;DalGwt ;/sf/sf txdf k7fpg] 5 .
-#_ :jLs[t sfo{ljlw adf]lhd /f]huf/ ;Djfb d~rx?sf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt txsf ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b (
dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg
$*= /f]huf/ ;+of]hs;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k|To]s
:yfgLo txdf Ps /f]huf/ ;+of]hs s/f/df /flvg]5 . /f]huf/ ;+of]hs
s/f/df /fVbf lgh;Fu cg';"rL * adf]lhdsf] s/f/ ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 .
62 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s/f/df /flvPsf] /f]huf/ ;+of]hsnfO{


;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] cg';"rL (
adf]lhd sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf u/L sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg ;DalGwt ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] :jLs[t
jflif{s sfo{of]hgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ cg';"rL !) adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf
rf}dfl;s ?kdf ug]{5 .
-$_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] bkmf $$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] k|d'vsf ?kdf /xL ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhdsf sfdx? ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-%_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t dfkb08 adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$(= k|b]z :t/Lo /f]huf/ ;+of]hs / cGo hgzlQm M -!_ k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd x]g]{ dxfzfvf k|d'v k|wfgdGqL
/f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] /f]huf/ ;+of]hs /xg]5 .
-@_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hsn] bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf
k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] o; sfo{qmdsf] th'{df,
sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / k|ltj]bg ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/
cGo k|fljlws Pj+ k|zf;lgs hgzlQm cfk\mg} ;|f]taf6 s/f/df /fv]/
jf ePs} sd{rf/L dWo]af6 lhDd]jf/L tf]s]/ sfd nufpg ;Sg]5 .
%)= /fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zs / cGo hgzlQm M -!_ o; sfo{qmdsf] ;+3Lo
txdf Joj:yfkg ug{ dGqfnosf] cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
dxfzfvf k|d'vnfO{ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] /fli6«o sfo{qmd
lgb]{zssf ?kdf tf]lsg]5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 63

-@_ /fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zsn] o; sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt bkmf


#& sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhdsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjog
ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ /fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zs nufotsf dGqfnodf /xg]
hgzlQmsf] b/aGbL t]l/h / ;+u7g ;+/rgf cg';"rL !! adf]lhdsf]
x'g]5 .
-$_ cg';"rL !! adf]lhdsf] :yfoL b/jGbL :jLs[t geP;Dd
dGqfnodf o; sfo{qmdsf nflu :jLs[t c:yfoL b/aGbLdWo]
;]jf s/f/af6 sfddf nufpg] u/L Joj:yf ePsf afx]ssf
b/aGbLdf lghfdtL ;]jfaf6} :yfoL sd{rf/L sfhdf v6fO{ sfddf
nufOg]5 .
kl/R5]b !)
Ifdtf ljsf; / /0fgLlts ;+rf/
%!= >ldssf] cfjZostfsf] cWoog ug]{ M -!_ >d tyf /f]huf/ sfof{nox?n]
cfcfk\mgf] If]q leqsf k|d'v cf}Bf]lus tyf Joj;flos If]qx?df
s] s:tf] k|s[ltsf] >ldssf] slt ;+Vofdf cfjZostf 5 / To:tf]
>ldssf] ahf/df pknAwtfsf] cj:yf s] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf cWoog
ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o:tf] cWoog ubf{ u/fpFbf ;DalGwt :yfgsf] pBf]u
jfl0fHo;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfosf lhNnf OsfO{;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ cWoogsf cfwf/df To:tf cf}Bf]lus tyf Joj;flos If]qx?df
>ldssf] dfu k"lt{ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ yk >ldssf] ;+Vof, 1fg, ;Lk,
of]Uotf / cg'ej ;d]t :ki6 v'nfOPsf] k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt Joj;flos
tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|lti7fgdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k7fpg' kg]{5 .
64 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

%@= tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ M -!_ dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno /


:yfgLo txn] of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t lghL If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] dfu
cg'?ksf] hgzlQm ljsf; ug{ cfjZos ;Lk tyf Ifdtf ljsf;
tflndx? ;~rfng ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ tflndsf] kf7\oqmd ljsf;, sfo{qmd th'{df / cg'udg
tyf d"Nof+sg dGqfnosf] lgb]{zgdf Jofj;flos tyf ;Lk ljsf;
k|lti7fgx?n] ug]{5g\ .
%#= lghL If]q;+u ;xsfo{ ug{ ;Sg] M bkmf %@ adf]lhd tflnd ;+rfng
ubf{ pBf]u jfl0fHo;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|b]z jf lhNnf OsfO{
/ ;DalGwt pBdL Joj;foLx?sf] k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /
;xsfo{df ug'{ kg]{5 .
%$= ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{ M o;/L tflnd ;~rfng ug'{ k"j{ Jofj;flos tyf
;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|lti7fgn] ;DalGwt pBdLx?;Fu tflnd k|fKt
dfgj ;|f]tnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf lng] ;DaGwdf bkmf #% sf] pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotgfdf ;lxtsf] ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
%%= ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s b'j} 1fg l;sfpg' kg]{ M tflnd lbFbf ;}4flGts
/ Jojxfl/s b'j} 1fg l;sfpg' kg]{5 . ;}4flGts l;sfO{sf nflu
;DalGwt pBdLx? ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf tof/ kfl/Psf] kf7\oqmd tyf
tflnd sfo{qmd / 5gf}6 ul/Psf k|lzIfsåf/f tflnd lbg] Joj:yf
ul/g' kg]{5 . Jojxfl/s l;sfOsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ >ldsnfO{
;DalGwt pBf]u Pj+ snsf/vfgfd} sfddf k|ToIf ;+nUg u/fP/
l;sfpg' kg]{5 .
%^= /f]huf/L lbg' kg]{ M tflnd ;DkGg ePkl5 ;DalGwt pBf]ux?n]
;kmntfk"j{s tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf >ldsx?nfO{ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd
/f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
%&= tflndsf] nfutdf ;fem]bf/L ug{ ;lsg] M Jofj;flos tyf ;Lk ljsf;
k|lti7fgn] o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf adf]lhd dfu eO{ cfPsf
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 65

tflndsf] ;~rfng ug{ nfUg] nfutdf ;DalGwt pBf]ux?sf] ;d]t


lglZrt k|ltzt ;fem]bf/L u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
%*= cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd M -!_ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf sfo{df /f]huf/L lbg]
cfof]hgfdf >ldsnfO{ v6fpg' k"j{ pgLx?nfO{ ;DalGwt /f]huf/ ;]jf
s]Gb|n] :yfgLo :t/sf tflnd ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df slDtdf Ps
sfo{lbgsf] cled'vLs/0f lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ cled'vLs/0fsf] kf7\oqmd b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo / k|s[lt,
-v_ ;DalGwt /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] kl/ro / sfo{,
-u_ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L / sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{ ljlw jf tl/sf,
-3_ xflh/L, kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf,
-ª_ sfo{:yn hf]lvd / sfo{:yn ;'/Iffsf cfwf/e"t
ljifox?,
-r_ k|fylds :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox? / k|fylds
pkrf/sf ljifox?,
-5_ sfo{:yndf lx+;f, cfr/0f / cg'zf;g;DaGwL ljifo,
-h_ sfdsf] k|s[lt / :yfg ljz]ifsf] cfwf/df cfjZos x'g]
cGo ljifox? .
%(= ljz]if ;Lkd"ns tflnd M -!_ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf sfo{x?df ljz]if
jf ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] ;Lk cfjZos kg]{ sfdsf] nflu cfjZos ;Lk
ljsf; ug{ o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;DalGwt /f]huf/ cfof]hgf;Fusf]
;xsfo{df ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non] a9Ldf
bz sfo{lbgsf] ljz]if ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{qmd th'{df u/L ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
66 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-@_ ljz]if ;Lkd"ns tflndsf] kf7\oqmd bkmf %* sf] pkbkmf -@_


adf]lhdsf] cled"vLs/0f tflndsf] kf7\oqmdsf cltl/Qm ;DalGwt
sfdsf nflu rflxg] ;Lk / k|fljlws 1fgnfO{ ;d]6\g] lsl;dn]
lj1x?sf] ;xfotfdf ;DalGwt Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd
k|lti7fgn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^)= tflnd k|bfos ;+:yf M -!_ of] sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf h'g;'s} tflnd
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|lti7fg
cfk}+mn] jf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txsf tflnd k|bfg
ug]{ lgsfodfkm{t jf lghL tflnd k|bfos ;+:yfdfkm{t jf ;fem]bf/Ldf
;~rfng ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ tflnd k|lti7fg afx]s cGo ;+:yfaf6 ;+rflnt tflndsf]
9fFrf, kf7\oqmd / dfkb08sf] lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
tflnd k|lti7fgsf] x'g]5 .
^!= afx\o s/f/ ug{ ;Sg] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhdsf tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf]
;~rfng ubf{ Jofj;flos tyf ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|lti7fgx?n]
cfjZostf cg';f/ afXo ;]jf s/f/sf] 9fFrfdf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
^@= nlIft ;d"x / tflndsf df]8\o'n M -!_ o; bkmf adf]lhd k|bfg ul/g]
tflndsf nlIft ;d"x /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"lrs[t ePsf a]/f]huf/
JolQmx? x'g]5g\ .
-@_ lghL If]qdf /f]huf/ agfpg / :j/f]huf/sf nflu ;Lk
tyf Jofj;flos 1fg a9fpg a]/f]huf/ JolQmn] /f]h]sf] sfd jf
:j/f]huf/‌L;Fu ;DalGwt tflnd lbFbf lglZrt k|s[ltsf] sfd /f]Hg]
a]/f]huf/ JolQmx? dfq o; k|s[ltsf] tflndsf nlIft ;d"x x'g
;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ tflndsf df]8\o'nx? Tfflnd cfjZostf klxrfg eO;s]kl5
cfjZostf cg';f/ ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDdf tflnd k|lti7fg,
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 67

k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/


sfo{kflnsfsf] x'g]5 .
-$_ tflnd k|lti7fg, k|b]z ;/sf/ / ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/
sfo{kflnsfx?n] tflndsf] nlIft ;d"x lgwf{/0f ubf{ / df]8\o'n to
ubf{ cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleqsf lghL If]q tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;Fusf]
;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/Ldf ug{' kg]{5 .
^#= /0fgLlts ;+rf/ M -!_ ;"rgf ;+k|]if0fM o; sfo{qmdsf] ljifodf cfd
gful/s Pj+ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg /]l8of], 6]lnlehg,
n3' rnlrq, j]e;fO6 tyf cGo >Jo b[io ljB'tLo dfWod, kqklqsf,
a|f]lzo/ tyf a'sn]6, cfof]hgf j8fkq, ;fdflhs ;~hfn cflb dfkm{t
;"rgf, hfgsf/L, ;Gb]z tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k|zf/0f / k|sfzg ug{
;lsg]5 .
-@_ cGt/lqmof, 5nkmn, uf]i7L tyf ;]ldgf/M o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu
/fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{, sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof+sg tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{,
k|rf/k|;f/ / ;r]tLs/0f ug{ dGqfnon] If]qut dGqfnox?, k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno / :yfgLo txx?;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof, 5nkmn, uf]li7
tyf ;]ldgf/ ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ >dsf] ;Ddfg, /fi6«sf] cleofgM
-s_ dGqfnon] gful/sx?df sfdsf cfwf/df
dflg;x?aLr x'g] u/]sf] ljBdfg lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{
;a}vfn] >dnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{g ug{
tyf o'jfnfO{ b]zleq}sf] /f]huf/L tyf :j/f]huf/Ldf
cfslif{t ug{ …>dsf] ;Ddfg, /fi6«sf] cleofgÚ sfo{qmd
b]zJofkL ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{5 .
-v_ …>dsf] ;Ddfg, /fi6«sf] cleofgÚ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ubf{ dGqfnon] k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txx?;Fu
cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dGjo u/]/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
68 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-u_ …>dsf] ;Ddfg, /fi6«sf] cleofgÚ sfo{qmdsf]


;~rfngdf /fhgLlt, snfsfl/tf, v]ns'b, pBd tyf
k]zf Joj;fo, ;fj{hlgs If]q, cfd ;~rf/ hut,
gful/s ;dfh, cWoog cg';Gwfg cflb If]qdf Voflt
tyf k|lti7f xfl;n u/]sf JolQmx?nfO{ ;xefuL
u/fOg]5 .
kl/R5]b !!
cfof]hgf 5gf}6, sfof{Gjog / d"Nof+sg
^$= lgoldt k|lqmofåf/f 5gf}6 ePsf cfof]hgfaf6} /f]huf/L l;h{gf M ;+3,
k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] jflif{s ?kdf x'g] lgoldt of]hgf th'{df
k|lqmofaf6 5gf}6 ul/Psf cfof]hgfx?d} jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogdfkm{t o; sfo{qmddf /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug'{ kg]{5 .
^%= /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{] u/L ah]6 vr{ ug'{kg]{ M jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] jflif{s ljlgof]hgdWo]af6
k'FhLut ah]6sf] lglZrt k|ltzt >ldssf] Hofnfdf e'StfgL x'g] u/L
vr{ ug'{ kg]{ / cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;Dej eP;Dd >dd"ns
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\ / ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] lg0f{o u/L lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
^^= 5'6\6} cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] M g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ /
:yfgLo txx?n] cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleq lgoldt ah]6af6 ;~rfng
ug]{ cfof]hgfx? afx]s /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]lhdsf 5'6\6} cfof]hgfx?sf] ;d]t th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
^&= lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L If]q;“u ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo M g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z
;/sf/ / :yfgLo txx?n] cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleq lghL tyf u}/ ;/sf/L
If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;d]t /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf ljleGg sfo{qmd tyf
cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 69

^*= kfl/>lds jfktsf] vr{ M of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t sfdsf nflu kfl/>ldsdf
cfwfl/t /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?df kfl/>lds jfktsf] /sd s"n vr{sf]
slDtdf ;Q/L k|ltzt x'g' kg]{5 .
^(= jflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] :jLs[lt M -!_ of] sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s
of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txsf
cGo of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd cg'?ks} k|lqmofaf6 :jLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog
x'g]5g\ .
-@_ lgoldt ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf cfof]hgfeGbf cnUu}
bkmf ^^ adf]lhdsf /f]huf/ cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ cfof]hgf 5gf}6
;DalGwt ;d'bfos} ;+nUgtfdf pgLx?sf] cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf
cfwf/df ug{' kg]{5 .
&)= /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf ;Defljt If]qx? M of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t /f]huf/
cfof]hgfsf ;Defljt If]qx? b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\M
-!_ s[lif, ;xsf/L tyf kz' ljsf;M zLt e08f/ lgdf{0f, s[lif
pkhx?sf] k|f]z]l;ª KnfG6 lgdf{0f, k/Dk/fut / Knfl:6s kf]v/L lgdf{0f,
s[lif pkhsf] ;+sng tyf a]rlavg s]G› lgdf{0f, klt{ hUufdf v]tL,
vfnL hUufdf kmnkm"nsf lj?jf /f]Kg], ;fd"lxs tyf ;xsf/L v]tL,
Joj;flos v]tL tyf kz'kfng, s[lif jg sfo{qmd, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?,
cflb .
-@_ pmhf{, l;+rfO{ tyf gbL lgoGq0fM s"nf], afFw, k}gL tyf gx/
lgdf{0f Pj+ dd{t ;Def/, hnljB't cfof]hgf / 6«fG;ld;g nfO{g
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/, gbL lgoGq0f, klx/f] lgoGq0f, cflb .
-#_ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{M d'xfg ;+/If0f, kfO{k la5\ofpg],
6\of+sL lgdf{0f, wf/f lgdf{0f, ;/;kmfO{ cleofg, zf}rfno lgdf{0f, 9n
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ cflb .
70 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-$_ jg tyf jftfj/0fM j[Iff/f]k0f, j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg


cGtu{t lylgË, k|'lgË, clUg /]vf lgdf{0f nufotsf sfo{x?, vfnL
hUufdf kmnkm"nsf la¿jf /f]Kg], ;8s / gbL vf]nf lsgf/df ?v
/f]Kg], u}/ sfi7hGo jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg, Joj;flos lghL jg,
lghL jg g;{/L, hl8j'6L v]tL, k|zf]wg / ahf/Ls/0f, s[lif jg, jg
k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u :yfkgf, jfof] OlGhlgol/Ë k|ljlw, ;+/If0f
kf]v/L lgdf{0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf hnjfo' cg's"ng cflb .
-%_ ko{6g k|j4{gM ko{6sLo kbdfu{, ko{6g dfu{sf] lgdf{0f tyf
dd{t ;Def/, xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06 Joj;fosf] k|j4{g, ko{6g dfu{df
;]8 lgdf{0f tyf xf]d:6] nufotsf u|fdL0f ko{6g, kof{–ko{6g cflb .
-^_ ;8s oftfoftM Po/kf]6{, ;a} k|sf/sf ;8s, /]nj], a;kfs{,
k'n, sNe6{ cflbsf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ .
-&_ lzIff, o'jf tyf v]ns"bM ;fIf/tf cleofg, sDo'6/ lzIff,
ljBfno v]ns'b sfo{qmd / v]n d}bfg, sj8{ xn, :6]l8od, ljBfno
ejg, k':tsfno cflb ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ .
-*_ k'glg{df0fM ;fj{hlgs ÷ lghL ejg lgdf{0f, k'/ftflTjs
;Dkbfsf] k'glg{df0f cflb .
-(_ ;fd"bflos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fM k':tsfno, jfrgfno, h]i7
gful/s Snj, ;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ cflb .
-!)_ 7"nf tyf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] :yfgLo :t/df x'g]
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;Def/ nufotsf >dd"ns sfo{x? -df6f]sf] sfd,
Uoflaog jfn, 9'+uf s'b\g], gfnL agfpg] cflb_ .
-!!_ ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlwM g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ljefu,
sfof{no tyf cGo lgsfox?, k|b]z ;/sf/sf dGqfno, lgb]{zgfno
tyf sfof{nox?, :yfgLo txx? / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 71

clen]v l8lh6fOh]zg ug]{, lahg]; k|f];]; cfp6;f]l;{+u, gn]h k|f];];


cfp6;f]l;{+u / cfO{6L Og]jln+u ;le{;]h cflb .
&!= /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog M of] sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ;+3, k|b]z
/ :yfgLo txsf lgoldt jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf >dd"ns sfd
ug{sf nflu /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 v6fOPsf >ldsx?af6 bkmf @%
adf]lhdsf >lds ;d"x u7g u/L sfddf nufP/ ul/g]5 .
&@= ;Dkflbt sfdsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f M -!_ dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt
dGqfno / :yfgLo txn] cfcfkm\gf] If]q leqsf] ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f /
cGo ;fj{hlgs sfdx?sf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fdf plrt Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout
dGqfno cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfn] /
:yfgLo txsf sfo{qmdsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/
sfo{kflnsfn] cfk\mgf k|fljlws sd{rf/LnfO{ v6fO{ bkmf @( adf]lhd
u'0f:t/sf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
&#= cg'udg, d"Nof+sg tyf k|ltj]bg M -!_ lgoldt cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgM
o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;~rfng x'g] /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?sf] lgoldt
?kdf cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ;+3 cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdsf] dGqfnon],
k|b]z cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdsf] k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnon] / :yfgLo
tx cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdsf] ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/
sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non] ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ljz]if ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]M dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt
dGqfno / ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] o; sfo{qmd
cGtu{tsf cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleqsf cfof]hgfx?sf] cg'udg tyf
d"Nof+sg ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ t];|f] kIf d"Nof+sgM dGqfnon] sfo{qmddf cfjZostf cg';f/
k'g/fjnf]sg / ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ lj1x?sf] ;]jf lnO{
72 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

sfo{qmdsf] :jtGq, lgikIf / j:t'ut tj/n] t]>f] kIf d"Nof+sg u/fpg


;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|ult ;dLIff ug'{ kg]{M dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno /
;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] cfcfk\mgf] If]qleqsf
sfo{qmdx?sf] rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s ?kdf ;dLIff u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg
;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 . ;dLIff sfo{qmddf cGo lgoldt sfo{qmdsf]
;dLIffdf cfdGq0f ul/g] lgsfox?sf k|ltlglw / ;+rf/sdL{x?nfO{
;d]t cfdGq0f ul/g' kg]{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf cGo
ljifout dGqfnox?n] ;d]t cg'udg, rf}dfl;s tyf jflif{s ;dLIff
/ k|ltj]bg ubf{ cfk\mgf sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t ePsf] /f]huf/ l;h{gfsf]
ljifonfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b !@
lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f
&$= Go"gtd /f]huf/L gkfpg] JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f olsg ug'kg]{ M /f]huf/
;+of]hsn] x/]s jif{sf] c;f/ !) ut] leq ;f]xL jif{sf] h]7 d;fGt
;Ddsf] ;DalGwt /f]huf/ cfof]hgf k|d'vn] k|dfl0ft u/L k7fPsf]]
nfeu|fxL kl/rokqdf el/Psf] ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf]
;"rLdf ;"lrs[t eO{ nfeu|fxL kl/rokq k|fKt u/]/ klg /f]huf/L gkfpg]
JolQmx?sf] ;+Vof / Go"gtd Ps;o lbg dWo] /f]huf/L gkfPsf] afFsL
lbgsf] osLg u/L ;f]sf] ljj/0f /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf
cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
&%= lgjf{x eQf kfpg of]Uo kl/jf/sf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ cfly{s jif{sf]
h]i7 d;fGt;Dddf Go"gtd Ps;o lbgsf] /f]huf/L gkfPsf bkmf &$
adf]lhd osLg ul/Psf JolQmx?sf] kl/jf/ dWo] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n]
c;f/ !% ut]leq P]gsf] bkmf @@ sf] pkbkmf -$_ / -%_ df plNnlvt
cj:yfx?sf cfwf/x?df lgjf{x eQf kfpg of]Uo kl/jf/ klxrfg ug'{
kg]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 73

-@_ lgjf{x eQf lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu c;f/ dlxgfdf u/]sf]


Go"gtd /f]huf/ afktsf] sfdsf] u0fgf cfufdL cfly{s jif{df ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 a]/f]huf/ kl/jf/sf
a]/f]huf/ ;b:ox?n] cfk"mx?dWo]af6 cg';"rL !@ adf]lhdsf a]/f]huf/
;b:osf] a}+s vftfdf ;f] kl/jf/n] kfpg] lgjf{x eQfsf] e'QmfgL
ul/g]5 .
&^= lgjf{x eQf kfpg] kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L k7fpg' kg]{ M
-!_  /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] bkmf &% sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd klxrfg
u/]sf lgjf{x eQf kfpg of]Uo kl/jf/ / kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 lgjf{x eQf
a'e\mg] JolQmsf] a+}s vftf ;d]tsf] cg';"rL !# adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
c;f/ !^ ut] leq /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws u/L
cgnfOgdfkm{t dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ dGqfnon] To:tf] ljj/0f ;f] adf]lhd lgjf{x eQf k|bfg
ug{ nfUg] /sd ;d]t osLg u/L c;f/ @) ut] leq cgnfO{gdfkm{t
dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{nodf k7fpg]5 .
&&= lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f M -!_ dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{non] ;DalGwt
sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{nodfkm{t c;f/ @% ut]leq bkmf &% sf]
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd a}+s vftfdf lgjf{x eQfsf] e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ o; adf]lhd lgjf{x eQf ljt/0f ePsf] ljj/0f sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGq0f sfof{non] /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cBfjlws
u/L cgnfOgåf/f dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{nodfkm{t dGqfnodf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
74 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

kl/R5]b !#
kf/blz{tf / pQ/bfloTj
&*= ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug'{ kg]{ M dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno /
;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] cfcfk\mgf] If]qleqsf
sfo{qmdx?sf] ;DaGwdf sfo{qmdsf nfeu|fxLx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf jif{sf]
sDtLdf Ps k6s ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
&(= cBfjlws ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ M dGqfno, If]qut
cfof]hgfx?, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf
jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non]] cfcfk\mgf] If]qleqsf sfo{qmd
;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L cBfjlws u/L lgoldt ?kdf
;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 .
*)= ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug'{ kg]{ M o; sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf
tyf hfgsf/Lx? dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;DalGwt
ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non] lgoldt ?kdf
k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf nflu lgoldt kqsf/ e]63f6,
k|]; lj1lKt, 5fkf tyf ljB'tLo dfWod tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfn dfkm{t
;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L k|sfzg Pj+ k|;f/0f, j'sn]6, a'n]l6g tyf a|f]lzo/
k|sfzg / af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx? -Pkm=P=So"_ sf] k|sfzg nufotsf
ljlwx?sf] cjnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .
*!= u'gf;f] ;'Gg] Joj:yf M -!_ u'gf;f] k]l6sf /fVg' kg]{M dGqfno, k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno / ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] cfcfk\mgf] If]qleqsf
sfo{qmdx?sf ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf u'gf;f ;'g'jfO{ ug{ j8f
sfof{no, cfof]hgf sfof{no, ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
sfof{no, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / dGqfnodf u'gf;f] k]l6sf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 ;j]{If0fM of] sfo{qmdk|ltsf] gful/s k|ltlqmof
/ k[i7kf]if0f a'e\mg dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;DalGwt
ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{non] jflif{s
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 75

?kdf cfcfk\mgf] If]qleqsf sfo{qmddf k|ToIf ;+nUg ;]jfu|fxLx?af6


cg'';"rL !$ adf]lhdsf] ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 ;j]{If0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 u'gf;f] /fVg ;lsg]M s'g} klg ;]jfu|fxLn]
of] sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt u'gf;f] sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt h'g;'s}
lgsfodf j]ek]h, Od]n, 6]lnkmf]g, df]afO{n 6]S:6,;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
cflwsfl/s k]h, km\ofS; cflb h:tf ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k7fpg
;Sg]5g\ . dGqfnon] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tLg} txdf u'gf;f]sf]
Joj:yfkg ljB'tLo dfWodaf6} ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog
ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ u'gf;fx?sf] zL3| ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{M dGqfno, k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt
dGqfno / ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] cfcfk\mgf]
If]qleqsf sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf o; bkmfdf plNnlvt h'g;'s} dfWodaf6
k|fKt u'gf;fsf] ;+sng u/L k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df u'gf;f] k|fKt ePsf]
ldltn] kGw| lbgleqdf u'gf;fsf] ;Daf]wg ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b !$
ah]6 Joj:yf / vr{ k|0ffnL
*@= kfl/>lds afktsf] vr{ Joj:yfkg M -!_ ;DalGwt cfof]hgfsf] ljlgof]lht
ah]6af6} kfl/>lds e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{M o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t g]kfn
;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfnox?, k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfnox?
/ :yfgLo txx?n] cfcfk\mgf cfof]hgfx?df l;h{gf x'g] /f]huf/Ldf
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|af6 v6fOPsf >ldsx?nfO{ sfd nufP jfktsf]
kfl/>lds ;DalGwt cfof]hgfdf ljlgof]lht ah]6af6} e'QmfgL lbg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ ljz]if sfo{qmdsf nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{ kg]{M dGqfno,
k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfno / :yfgLo txn] cf–cfk\mgf] If]qleq /f]huf/L
l;h{gfsf ljz]if sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfdsf nflu kfl/>ldssf]
cfwf/sf cfof]hgfx? sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;f]sf] nflu cf–cfk\mgf] jflif{s
ah]6df ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
76 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-#_ lgoldt vr{ k|lqmof adf]lhd g} x'g]M dflysf pkbkmfx?df


plNnlvt vr{sf] k|lqmof tt\tt\ tx tyf lgsfox?sf ;DalGwt
sfo{qmd Pj+ cfof]hgfx?sf] lgoldt vr{ k|lqmof adf]lhd g} x'g]5 .
*#= kfl/>lds afx]ssf] vr{sf] Joj:yfkg M kfl/>lds afx]s of] sfo{qmdsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf vr{x?sf] Joj:yfkg ug{
cfjZos kg]{ ah]6 dGqfno cGtu{t ljlgof]hg eO{ vr{ x'g]5 .
-s_ dGqfnodf of] sfo{qmd x]g]{ dxfzfvfsf] Joj:yfksLo vr{
jfktsf] /sd,
-v_ dGqfnoaf6 x'g] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / cWoog cg';Gwfg
jfktsf] vr{ /sd,
-u_ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, :yfkgf / ;~rfng
vr{ jfktsf] /sd,
-3_ dGqfnon] ug]{ uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof, 5nkmn, sfo{zfnf, ;]ldgf/
cflb jfktsf] vr{ jfktsf] /sd,
-ª_ k|b]zdf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg / /0fgLlts ;~rf/
jfktsf] /sd,
-r_ :yfgLo txdf /xg] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] k|zf;lgs vr{ /
sfo{qmd ;~rfng vr{ jfktsf] /sd,
-5_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] tna, ;'ljwf jfktsf] /sd,
-h_ bkmf ^! adf]lhdsf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmdsf] vr{ jfktsf]
/sd,
-em_ o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t >ldsnfO{ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f tyf cGo
;fj{hlgs If]qsf cfof]hgfdf sfddf nufpFbf ul/g] b'3{6gf
aLdf jfktsf] vr{ .
*$= k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{ lbOg] /sd M -!_ bkmf *# adf]lhd dGqfno
cGt/ut ljlgof]lht ah]6 dWo] dGqfnon] v08 -ª_ adf]lhdsf] /sd
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 77

k|b]zsf] ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{ / v08 -r_, -5_ / -h_ adf]lhdsf]


/sd ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ ;zt{ cg'bfgsf ?kdf pknJw
u/fpg]5 .
*%= n]vfkfng tyf n]vfk/LIf0f M -!_ of] sfo{qmddf k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{
dGqfnon] k|bfg ug]{ ;zt{ cg'bfg /sdsf] vr{sf] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd n]vfkfng ug]{ / cfGtl/s tyf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg]
lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfnox?, k|b]z ;/sf/sf
ljifout dGqfnox? / ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
pgLx?sf] lgoldt jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogaf6 l;h{gf
u/]sf] /f]huf/Ldf x'g] vr{sf] / bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
;~rfng x'g] /f]huf/ cfof]hgfdf x'g] vr{sf] n]vfkfng / cfGtl/s
tyf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ;DalGwt vr{ ug]{ lgsfon] g} k|rlnt sfg"g
cg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b !%
ljljw
*^= nlIft ju{sf] nflu ljz]if Joj:yf M o; sfo{qmddf ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/
JolQmx?dWo] zf/Ll/s ?kdf czQm, sfd ug{ g;Sg] u/L ckf+utf
ePsf JolQm / ^ dlxgfeGbf a9Lsf] ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfnfO{
kl/jf/df c? sf]xL klg JolQm /f]huf/ gePsf] tyf /f]huf/ ug{ of]Uo
gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] x/]s kl/jf/sf] Pshgfn] :jtM lgjf{x eQf
k|fKt ug]{5 .
*&= aLdf tyf sfo{:yn ;'/Iff M -!_ b'3{6gf aLdf ug'{ kg]{M o; sfo{qmd
cGtu{t >ldsnfO{ sfddf v6fpFbf /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] b'3{6gf aLdf
u/L v6fpg' kg]{5 .
78 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-@_ aLdf vr{df >ldssf] ;d]t of]ubfg x'g]M pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd
aLdf ubf{ nfUg] vr{sf] ;f7L k|ltzt dGqfnon] / afFsL rfln;
k|ltzt ;DalGwt >ldsn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ aLdf afktsf] ;'ljwfM pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] aLdf afktsf]
;'ljwf / ;f]sf] e'QmfgL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ aLdf;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ dGqfnon] 5'§}
sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug]{5 .
-%_ ;'/Iff ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kg]{M o; sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf /f]huf/
cfof]hgfx?df /f]huf/Ldf nufpFbf cfof]hgfn] >ldssf] ;'/Iffsf
nflu cfjZos ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ k|fylds pkrf/ afs; /fVg'kg]{M x/]s cfof]hgf :yndf
cfof]hgf k|d'vn] >ldssf] k|fylds tyf cfsl:ds pkrf/sf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ cfwf/e"t ;fdfu|L / cf}ifwL ePsf] k|fylds pkrf/
afs; /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;|f]tsf]
Joj:yf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfdf ljlgof]lht ah]6af6} ug'{ kg]{5 .
**= /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL M -!_ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ul/g]M o; sfo{qmdsf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ Jojl:yt
ug{ dGqfnon] sDKo'6/df cfwfl/t /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug]{5 . o:tf] /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] s]Gb|Lo ;e{/ dGqfnodf /xg]5 .
-@_ ;"rgf tyf tYof° cBfjlws /fVg' kg]{M o; bkmf adf]lhd
:yfkgf ul/Psf] /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno, dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{no, sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGq0f sfof{nox? / k|To]s :yfgLo txdf /xg] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|;Dd
lj:tf/ ul/g]5 . o; sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} k|sf/sf ;"rgf tyf
tYofÍnfO{ x/]s /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] lgoldt ?kdf /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnLdf k|ljli6 u/L cBfjlws /fVg' kg]{5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 79

-#_ /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{M ufpF


sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno, dGqfno, dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no / sf]if tyf
n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] of] sfo{qmdsf] ;"rgf ;+sng jf k|fKtL,
k|ult k|ltj]bg, tYofÍsf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f / e'QmfgL ug{ /f]huf/
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u clgjfo{ ?kdf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s/f/df sd{rf/L lnO{ sfddf nufpg ;Sg]M /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{ dGqfnon] cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|fljlws sd{rf/L lgodfg';f/ s/f/df lnO{ sfddf nufpg
;Sg]5 .
*(= k|fljlws ;xfotf lng ;Sg] M dGqfnon] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdltdf
ljleGg ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf tyf d'n'sx?af6 of] sfo{qmdsf] th'{df,
k|j4{g, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{
k|fljlws ;xfotf lng ;Sg]5 .
()= gLltut lg0f{o, lgb]{zg / ;dGjo M -!_ o; sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf
cfcfk\mgf] If]qflwsf/ leq cfjZos gLltut lg0f{o ug]{, lgb]{zg lbg]
/ ;dGjo ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf /xg] lgb]{zs
;ldltx?sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ ;+3df ljifout dGqfnox? aLrdf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf
;DaGwdf cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{ dGqfnon] sfo{If]qut
zt{ / sfo{ljlw tf]sL dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf of]hgf dxfzfvf k|d'v ;b:o /xg] Ps cGt/ dGqfno
;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(!= ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg] M dGqfnon] of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k"j{ k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfno / ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfx?;Fu
kf/:kl/s ;xof]u, ;xsfo{ / ;dGjo sfod ug{ cfjZos ;Demf}tf
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
80 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

(@= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg / JofVof ug{ ;Sg] M dGqfnon] P]g, lgodfjnL
/ of] lgb]{lzsf lakl/t gx'g] u/L o; lgb]{lzsfsf] sfof{Gjogdf jf
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf cfOkg]{ afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg jf s'g} låljwf
k/]df JofVof ug{ ;Sg]5 .
(#= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg] M dGqfnon] o; lgb{]lzsfsf] cg';"rLx?df
cfjZos x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 81

cg';"rL !
-bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
a]/f]huf/ btf{sf nflu lbg] lgj]bg

>L =====g+= j8f sfof{no, ldlt M


==================== ufp“kflnsf÷gu/kflnsf, lhNnf==============
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&% n] u/]sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd d}n] Go"gtd /f]huf/Lsf]
cj;/ gkfPsf] / g]kfn ;/sf/÷k|b]z ;/sf/÷:yfgLo txåf/f ;+rflnt Go"gtd /f]huf/
sfo{qmddf ;+nUg x'g O{R5's ePsf]n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;lxt /f]huf/L kfpgsf]
nflu cg'/f]w ub}{ of] lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!= gfd, y/ M
@= :yfoL 7]ufgf M===============================g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+==============================
#= c:yfoL 7]ufgf M ============================= g=kf=÷uf=kf= j8f g+===========================
$= gful/stf g+=÷/fli6«o kl/rokq g+= / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf ===============================
%= kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vof / /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf -lgj]bs ;lxt_
Gffd lgj]bs;Fusf] hGd ldlt of]Uotf ;Lk /f]huf/Lsf] sfo{ cg'ej
gftf cj:yf
-lgj]bs_

^= jflif{s kfl/jfl/s cfo M ?===================== -cIf/]kL =============================_


&= z}lIfs of]Uotf M
*= cfkm"n] xfl;n u/]sf] ;Lk÷tfnLdsf] ljj/0f M
(= sfdsf] cg'ej M ====================================================
!)= sfd ug{ rfx]sf] If]q M ======================== -jg, s[lif, lgdf{0f, cGo =======_
!!= sfddf vl6g rfx]sf] ;Defljt ;do ====================b]lv===================== ;Dd
!@= sfd ug{ rfx]sf] 7fpF ===============================================
pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;fFrf] xf], em'7f 7x/] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;x'Fnf÷a'emfpnf egL ;lx5fk ug]{ .
lgj]bssf] ;xL ldlt M
82 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL @
-bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -$_ ;“u ;DalGwt_

nfeu|fxL kl/rokq

klxnf] kfgf
g]kfn ;/sf/
>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno
=============================== k|b]z, ==================== lhNnf
==================================ufp“kflnsf÷gu/kflnsf
kl/rokq g+= ======== kfl/jfl/s ;+s]t g+===============
nfeu|fxL kl/rokq
gfd M
7]ufgf M
kmf]6f] gful/stf÷/fli6«o kl/rokq g+=
kl/rokq hf/L ldlt M
k|dfl0ft ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/

bf]>f] kfgf
kfl/jf/Ls ljj/0f
;+s]t gDa/ Gffd Nffeu|fxL;“usf] gful/stf s}lkmot
gftf k|df0fkq gDa/
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 83

t]>f] kfgf
/f]huf/Lsf] ljj/0fM
sfd u/]sf] cjlw sfdsf] k|s[lt k|dfl0ft ug]{ b:tvt sfof{nosf]
cfof]hgfsf] gfd b]lv ;Dd cfof]hgf k|d'v 5fk

rf}yf] kfgf
/f]huf/ cfof]hgfdf sfd ubf{ k|To]s >ldsn] b]xfo cg';f/sf] cfr/0f / cg'zf;gsf]
kfngf ug'{ kg]{5M

-s_ ;dosf] kfngf ug]{,


-v_ ;d"xdf ldn]/ sfd ug]{,
-u_ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfo{ ug]{,
-3_ c;n cfr/0f / cg'zf;g sfod ug]{,
-ª_ sfo{:yndf cfof]hgfn] pknAw u/fPsf ;'/Iff ;fdfu|Lx? nufpg],
-r_ cfof]hgf :yndf vl6Psf] k|fljlwsn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfo{:yn
;'/Iffsf pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug]{,
-5_ sfo{:yndf ;xsdL{;Fu jf cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu em}emu8f gug]{ gu/fpg],
-h_ sfo{:yndf ;fDk|bflos ;b\efj ljyf]lng] vfnsf s'g} Jojxf/ gug]{ gu/fpg],
-em_ sfo{:yndf n}+lus, hftLo, If]qLo, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf of}ghGo lx+;f /
lje]b gug]{ gu/fpg] .
84 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL #
-bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
/f]huf/d"ns cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df
>lds dfu ug]{ kmf/fd

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|, ldlt M


======================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf, =================== .

=============================lhNnf======================================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfdf
cjl:yt======================cfof]hgfnfO{========================lhNnf==========================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf
j8f g+================= df sfd ug{ tkl;n adf]lhdsf >ldsx? cfjZos ePsf]n] ToxfF
a]/f]huf/ ;"rLdf /x]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 >lds pknAw u/fO{lbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
!= cfof]hgfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M
@= cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfo M
#= sfd ug'{kg]{ If]q M ==============================-jg, s[lif, lgdf{0f, cGo========_
$= cfjZos >ldssf] k|s[lt
qm=;+= >ldssf] cfjZos ;+Vof sfo{ljj/0f cfjZos sfd pknAw x'g]
kb bIf cbIf 5f]6s/Ldf Go"gtd ;dofjlw -lbgdf_
of]Uotf / ;Lk

cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] b:tvt M


sfof{nosf] 5fk M
ldlt M
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 85

cg';"rL $
-bkmf @# ;“u ;DalGwt_
lghL, ;xsf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n]
/f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df >lds dfu ug]{ kmf/fd

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ldlt M


===============================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf, =======================.
============================= lhNnf =============================== ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfdf cjl:yt
d]/f] =================================== sDkgL÷pBf]u÷Joj;fo÷kmd{nfO{ ========================
lhNnf =================== ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf j8f g+====== df sfd ug{ tklzn
adf]lhdsf >ldsx? cfjZos ePsf]n] ToxfF a]/f]huf/ ;"rLdf /x]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6
pknAw u/fO{lbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
!= /f]huf/bftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf M
@= ;Dks{ gDa/ ========================== O{–d]n ==============================================
#= /f]huf/bftfsf] pBf]u÷Joj;fosf] k|s[lt M pTkfbgd"ns÷;]jfd"ns
$= sfd ug'{kg]{ If]q M =========================================
%= cfjZos >ldssf] k|s[lt M bIf÷cw{bIf÷cbIf
^= cfjZos >lds ;DaGwL ljj/0fM
qm=g+= >ldssf] kb cfjZos sfo{ljj/0f cfjZos Go"gtd sfd pknAw x'g]
;+Vof 5f]6s/Ldf z}lIfs of]Uotf, ;dofjlw
cg'ej / ;Lk -lbgdf v'nfpg]_

/f]huf/bftfsf] b:tvt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk
86 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL %
-bkmf #) ;“u ;DalGwt_
>lds ;d"xsf] sfo{ ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bg

>L /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb| ldlt M


==========================ufp“kflnsf÷gu/kflnsf, ========================= .
ljifo M ;'kl/j]If0f k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] ;DaGwdf .
k|:t't ljifodf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfof]hgfdf v6fOPsf >ldssf ;d"xx?sf] sfdsf]
tkl;n adf]lhdsf kIfx?sf] ;'kl/j]If0f u/L of] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5' .
!= cfof]hgfsf] gfd / :yfg M ==========================================
@= ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf=========================================== #= j8f g+= ============
$= cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfo M =======================================================
%= v6fOPsf] >ldssf] ;+Vof M ================ ^= >lds ;d"x========================
&= sfo{sf ljleGg kIfx?sf] ;'kl/j]If0fM
pknAwLsf] :t/
qm=g+= ;'kl/j]If0fsf cfwf/x?
pQd dWod Go"g
!= /f]huf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws pko'Qmtf / u'0f:t/
@= >ldsf] cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg, sfo{:yn ;'/Iff / k|fylds
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf
#= cfof]hgfsf] nIosf] t'ngfdf ;Dkflbt sfdsf] kl/df0f
$= cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/]sf] >ldssf] ;+Vof
%= cfof]hgfn] /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/]sf] sfo{lbg
*= sdhf]/L, sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f / ;'emfj
qm=;+= sDfhf]/L sdhf]/Lsf sf/0fx? ;'wf/sf nflu k[i7kf]if0f
!=
@=
#=
(= ;'kl/j]Ifssf] wf/0ffM ==================================================================
k|ltj]bssf] gfd, y/ M
kb tyf sfof{no M
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 87

cg';"rL ^
-bkmf #% sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
tflnd lng] k|lzIffyL{ a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] sa'lnotgfdf

kmf]6f]

lnlvtd\ =======================a:g]============================= sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ======================


============== sf] gflt÷gfltgL jif{============== sf]================================================ n]
======================================== k|lti7fgdf =============== dlxgf tfnLd k|fKt u/] kZrft
tkl;n adf]lhdsf zt{x?sf] clwgdf /xL sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd ;f]xL k|lti7fgn]
pknAw u/fPsf] d]/f] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] sfd ug]{5' . olb o; sa'lnotgfdf
adf]lhdsf] zt{ kfngf gu/]df sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf .
tkl;n M
!= pknAw u/fOPsf] tfnLd tf]lsPsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf uO{ cg'zfl;t tyf
lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ 9+uaf6 lng]5' .
@= cfkm\gf] of]Uotf / ;Lk a9fpg tfnLdaf6 l;s]sf s'/fx?nfO{ pkof]u ug]{5' .
#= zf/Ll/s ckfËtf jf czQmtf ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s tfnLd k|fKt u/] kZrft
sfd ug{ g;Sg] u/L sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd ;f]xL k|lti7fgn] pknAw u/fPsf] d]/f]
of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] lgoldt sfd ug]{5' .
tfnLd k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] b:tvt M
cf}7f 5fk
bfofF afFof

O{lt ;Djt\ @)=== dlxgf========ut]========/f]h===============z'ed\ .


88 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL &
-bkmf #% sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
ljQLo k|f]T;fxg lng] k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{ sa'lnotgfdf

lnlvtd\ lhNnf============================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf ======================== j8f


g+=========== l:yt ================================================================= k|lti7fgsf] tkm{af6
clVtof/ k|fKt d÷xfdL ================================================ n] b]xfosf] ljj/0f ePsf
>ldsx?nfO{ o; k|lti7fgdf ldlt ========================== ut]b]lv ==============================
ut];Dd ;~rfng x'g] ======== dlxg] tfnLd pknAw u/fO{ tkl;n adf]lhdsf zt{x?sf]
clwgdf /xL sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd lghx?nfO{ lghx?sf] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf]
lgoldt /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg tof/ 5'÷5f}F . olb o; sa'lnotgfdf adf]lhdsf] zt{
kfngf gu/]df sfg"g adf]lhd ;x'Fnf a'emfpFnf .
zt{x? M
!= tf]lsPsf] ldlt, :yfg / ;dodf tfnLd pknAw u/fpg]5' .
@= tfnLd cjlw e/ tf]lsPsf] kfl/>lds pknAw u/fpg]5' .
#= tfnLd k|fKt u/] kZrft k|lzIffyL{ >ldsnfO{ sDtLdf tLg jif{;Dd oxL k|lti7fgdf
pknAw lghsf] of]Uotf / ;Lk cg';f/sf] lgoldt /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg]5' .
qm=g+= >ldssf] gfd, y/ 7]ufgf nfeu|fxL tflndsf] k|s[lt s}lkmot
kl/rokq g+=
!=
@=
clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] -k|lti7fgsf] tkm{af6_
b:tvt M
k|lti7fgsf] 5fk

O{lt ;Djt\ @)=== dlxgf========ut]========/f]h===============z'ed\ .


k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 89

cg';"rL *
-bkmf $* sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
s/f/ ;Demf}tf

>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno -o;kl5 klxnf] kIf elgPsf]_ /
==================== lhNnf, ==================== ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= ===== df
a:g] >L =============================================== -o;kl5 bf]>f] kIf elgPsf]_ sf aLr
========================== ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf] /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] sfdsfh ug{
u/fpg ldlt ================== sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ b]xfosf sfo{÷zt{sf] clwgdf /lx bf]>f]
kIfn] klxnf] kIfnfO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg dGh'/ ePsfn] of] s/f/sf] ;+emf}tf u/L
Ps÷Ps k|lt cfk;df a'lem lnof}+ lbof}+ M
!= sfdsfh ;DaGwdf M bf];|f] kIfn] cfkm'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;+nUg sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/sf]
sfo{ klxnf] kIfn] tf]s]sf] ;do / :yfgdf pkl:yt eO{ ug{' kg]{5 / cfjZostf
cg';f/ yk sfd ug{' kg]{5 .
@= sfd ug{' kg]{ :yfg M =================================================================================
==============.
#= kfl/>lds M k|To]s dlxgf Joltt ePkl5 klxnf] kIfn] bf]>f] kIfnfO{ dfl;s ?kdf
?= ================== -cIf/]kL ?= ==================================================================_
kfl/>lds pknAw u/fpg]5 .
$= cfr/0fsf] kfngf M bf]>f] kIfn] ================= k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
sd{rf/Ln] kfngf ug{'kg]{ cfr/0f tyf cg'zf;g ;DaGwL Joj:yfx? kfngf ug{'
kg]{5 .
%= labf M bf];|f] kIfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs labf / /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf ;'ljwf
;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&% n] Joj:yf u/]sf afx]s cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] labf
pknAw x'g] 5}g . ;fy} sfof{nosf] nflu cfjZos k/]sf] v08df labfsf] lbgdf
klg ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
^= sfof{no ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff M bf];|f] kIfn] sfof{nosf] rn crn ;DklQsf] gf]S;fgL
jf lxgfldgf u/]df ;f] sf] Ifltk"lt{ jf xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] lauf] bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf]
kIfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
90 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

&= uf]KotfM bf];|f] kIfn] sfof{nosf] sfuhkq, lhG;L ;fdfg Pj+ uf]Ko s'/f jf sfuhft
s'g} cglws[t JolQm jf b]znfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf bf];|f] kIfnfO{
s/f/af6 x6fO{ ;f]af6 ePsf] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{ bf]>f] kIfaf6 e/fO{g]5 /
sfnf] ;"rLdf ;d]t /flvg]5 .
*= s/f/ cjlw M of] s/f/ ldlt ================b]lv nfu' eO{ ldlt =======================
;Ddsf] nflu x'g]5 .
(= kfl/>lds s§L / s/f/ ;]jfsf] zt{sf] cGTo M bf]>f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfnfO{ nuftf/
& -;ft_ lbg eGbf a9L pQm ;]jf pknAw gu/fPdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf] cjlwsf]
kfl/>lds bfdf;flxn] s§f ul/g]5 / ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf gu/]df :jtM of] ;+emf}tf
klxnf] kIfn] /4 u/L csf]{ Aoj:yf ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g . bf]>f] kIfn] zf/Ll/s ?kdf
c:j:y eO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;]jf lbg c;dy{ ePdf jf sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs
gePdf jf cfr/0f ;DaGwL s'/fx? a/fa/ pNn3+g u/]df bf]>f] kIf;Fusf] ;+emf}tf
/4 ug{ ;Sg]5 / lghsf] ;§f csf]{ JolQm s/f/df /fvL sfd nufpg afwf kg]{
5}g .
!)= bfaL gk'Ug] M bf]>f] kIfn] o; s/f/ adf]lhd sfd u/]s} cfwf/df kl5 s'g} klg kbdf
c:yfoL jf :yfoL lgo'Qm x'gfsf nflu bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g÷ug]{ 5}g .
!!= k|rlnt sfg"g nfu" x'g] M o; ;+emf}tfdf pNn]v gePsf] s'/f k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
dGqfnosf]] tkm{af6 M bf];|f] kIf -s/f/ ug]{ JolQm_ M
x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M
gfdM gfdM
kbM 7]ufgfM
sfof{nosf] 5fkM
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 91

cg';"rL (
-bkmf $* sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf

==============================================ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t


>L ======================= -o;kl5 k|yd kIf elgg]_ / ==============================================
ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf l:yt /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf /f]huf/ ;+of]hs >L ================
-o;kl5 bf];|f] kIf elgg]_ aLr ePsf]
sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf
/f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)&%, /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&%, k|wfgdGqL
/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% tyf /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf
;'ljwf ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&% n] kl/nlIft u/] adf]lhd /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] e"ldsfnfO{{
cem j9L ;Ifd, ;b[9, ;]jfd'ns / pQ/bfoL jgfO{ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|sf] kl/0ffdd'vL
Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng ug{ ;du| ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ glthfdf cfj4 ug{ >d,
/f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfnosf] ldlt ========= rnfgL g+= ======== sf] kqsf
cfwf/df b]xfosf zt{x?sf] cwLgdf k|yd kIfn] sfddf nufpg / bf];|f] kIf sfo{;Dkfbg
ug{ dGh'/ ePsfn] of] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf u/L Ps÷Ps k|lt cfk;df a'emL lnof}+
lbof}+ .
tkl;n
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? M
!= bf];|f] kIfn] /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf;'ljwf ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&% sf]
bkmf !& df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf sfo{x? / k|yd kIfn] pknAw u/fPsf] sfo{ljj/0fdf
pNn]lvt sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
@= bf];|f] kIfn] zt{sf] a'Fbf g+= ! adf]lhdsf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ubf{ gLltut / ;f/e"t
ljifox?sf] xsdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 cfjZos lg0f{o u/fO{
ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= of] ;Demf}tf /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf;'ljwf ;DaGwL dfkb08, @)&% sf]
bkmf !* df Joj:yf ePsf] cjlw;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
92 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

$= bf];|f] kIfn] of] ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq zt{sf] a'Fbf g+= ! adf]lhd
tf]lsPsf sfo{x?sf cfwf/df rf}dfl;s sfo{of]hgf agfO :jLs[ltsf nflu k|yd
kIf;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
%= bf];|f] kIfsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"Nof+sg k|yd kIfaf6 rf}dfl;s ?kdf x'g]5 .
d"Nof+sg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ / ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL
dfkb08, @)&% sf] bkmf !( adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^= bf];|f] kIfsf ;]jfsf zt{, ;'ljwf tyf cGo Joj:yfx? /f]huf/Lsf] xs;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)&%, /f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] kbk"lt{ tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL dfkb08,
@)&% / k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&= bf];|f] kIfn] k|rlnt sfg"g ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 .
ldlt M
of] ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]5 .
k|yd kIf bf];|f] kIf
=================================== ===================================
-k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] gfd_ -/f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] gfd_
-kb_ /f]huf/ ;+of]hs
==================== ==================
ufpFsfo{kflnsf÷gu/sfof{kflnsfsf] sfof{no ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 93

cg';"rL !)
-bkmf $* sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg

/f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] rf}dfl;s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof°g kmf/fd


d"Nof+sgsf] cjlw M ================================ b]lv =====================;Dd
ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{noM ==================== ufpF sfo{kflnsf÷gu/ sfo{kflnsf
btf{ g+=M ldlt M
/f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] gfd M
lgo'QmL ldlt M
k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM
/f]huf/ ;+of]hsn]] eg]{
sfo{ ljj/0f / aflif{s sfo{qmd rf}dfl;s ;Dkflbt nIo cg';f/ s}lkmot
adf]lhdsf sfo{x? nIo sfo{sf] sfo{ ;DkGg x'g
k|ult g;s]sf eP ;f]
sf] sf/0f
-s_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf If]qleq /x]sf
a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f
u/L a]/f]huf/ JolQmsf] ;"rL cBfjlws /fVg]
-v_ ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{ nfeu|fxL
kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{
-u_ ufpF÷gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf] ;+efJo /f]huf/Lsf]
l:ylt ljZn]if0f u/L /f]huf/Lsf] tYofÍ ;+sng
ug]{, /f]huf/ gSzf+sg (Employment
Mapping) ug]{ tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf]
clen]vf+sg ug]{
-3_ ljleGg /f]huf/ cfof]hgfx?af6 dfu eP
adf]lhd ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?nfO{
/f]huf/Lsf nflu v6fpg]
-ª_ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf If]qleq pknAw
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?sf] klxrfg u/L ;f]sf]
;"rgf k|jfx ug]{
94 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

-r_ /f]huf/bftfsf nflu >ldssf] pknAwtfsf]


;DefJotf hfgsf/L u/fpg] tyf dfu eO{
cfPsf] cj:yfdf /f]huf/bftfnfO{ a]/f]huf/
JolQmsf] ;"rLaf6 >lds pknAw u/fpg]
-5_ a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?sf] 1fg, ;Lk tyf Ifdtf /
ahf/sf] dfusf cfwf/df cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk
ljsf; tflndsf] klxrfg u/L ;DalGwt tflnd
s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; ug]{
-h_ /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|df ;"lrs[t a]/f]huf/ JolQmx?
dWo] Go"gtd /f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{, /f]huf/d"ns
tyf ;Lkd"ns tfnLd k|fKt ug]{, lghL If]qsf]
/f]huf/Ldf ;xeflu x'g] tyf :j/f]huf/ x'g]
JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{
-em_ cfk\mgf sfdsf/jfxLsf] af/]df lgoldt ?kdf
;DalGwt ufpF÷gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf k|ltj]bg ug]{
-`_ k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd / /f]huf/L
;Da4 cGo ljifodf dGqfnodf / k|b]zsf]
;DalGwt dGqfnodf /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLdfkm{t lgoldt k|ltj]bg ug]{
-6_ :yfgLo txleqsf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] tyf
hfg rfxg]x?sf nflu ;"rgf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{
-7_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j{4g af]8{af6 pknAw u/fOg]
cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{df ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg]
-8_ cfGtl/s /f]huf/L k|j4{g ug{df ;+nUg
;fj{hlgs If]qleqsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cGo
;]jf k|bfg ug]{
cfkm\g} kxndf u/]sf cGo sfo{x?
-s_
-v_
/f]huf/ ;+of]hssf] b:tvt M ======================= ldlt M
k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] eg]{
s'n k|fKtf+s c+sdf cIf/df
d"Nof+sgsf] cjlw
k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tsf] gfd M ldlt M
kb÷>]0fL M
sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+ M
b:tvt M
cg';"rL !!
-bkmf %) sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
b/aGbL t]l/h / ;+u7g ;+/rgf
>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno

cfGtl/s /f]huf/ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf÷k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd


;x;lrj, /f=k=k|= -k|zf;g_–!

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg zfvf /f]huf/ ;"rgf zfvf cg'udg, d"Nof+sg tyf ;+rf/
pk;lrj /f=k=lå= -k|÷;f=k|=_–! pk;lrj /f=k=lå= -O=÷s=O{==_–! zfvf
zf=c= /f=k=t[= -k|÷;f=k|=_–@ s=O{+= /f=k=t[= -O{÷s=O{_–! pk;lrj /f=k=lå= -k|÷;f=k|=_–!
n]=c= /f=k=t[= -k|÷n]=_–! s=c= /f=k=cg+=k|= -ljljw_–!* zf=c= /f=k=t[= -k|÷;f=k|=_–!
gf=;'= /f=k=cg+=k|= -k|÷;f=k|_–@ t=c= /f=k=t[= -cf=of]÷t_–!
s=c= /f=k=cg+=k|= -ljljw_–@* ;~rf/ clws[t–!*
sf=;= ->]0fL ljlxg_–@*
x=;=rf= ->]0fL ljlxg_–@*
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

gf]6 M * sDKo"6/ O{lGhlgo/, ;~rf/ clws[t, sDKo"6/ ck/]6/, sfof{no ;xof]uL / xn'sf ;jf/L rfnssf kbx? c:yfoL x'g]5g\ . oL kbx?sf] b/aGbL
x/]s cfly{s jif{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :jLs[t u/fO{ To:tf kbsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/L ;]jf s/f/df lnO{ sfd nufO{g]5 .
95
96 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL !@
-bkmf &% sf] pkbkmf -#_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
d~h'/Lgfdf

lnlvtd\ xfdL b]xfo adf]lhdsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? cfu] xfd|f] kl/jf/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL
/f]huf/ sfo{qmd dfkm{t k|fKt x'g] lgjf{x eQf a'em\gsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
ePsf] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] ;b:onfO{ of] d~h'/Lgfdf lbO{ k7fPsf 5f}F . lghnfO{ pQm lgjf{x
eQf pknAw u/fOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . o;df xfdLn] kl5 s'g} lsl;dsf] bfjL lj/f]w
ug]{ 5}gf}+ . u/] o;} d~h'/Lgfdfsf cfwf/df To:tf] bfaL lj/f]w ab/ ul/lbPdf xfd|f]
d~h'/L x'g]5 .

kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
gfd,y/ lgjf{x gful/stf JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ cf}7f 5fk
eQf a'em\g] g+=÷/fli6«o nfeu|fxL
JolQm;Fusf] kl/rokq g+= kl/rokq bfFof afFof
gftf g+=

d~h'/Lgfdf kfpg]sf]
b:tvt M
gfd M
7]ufgf M
gful/stf g+ M
kl/jf/ ;+s]t g+= M
nfeu|fxL kl/rokq g+= M
a}+s vftf g+=
O{lt ;Djt\ @)=== dlxgf========ut]========/f]h===============z'ed\
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 97

cg';"rL !#
-bkmf &^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
lgjf{x eQf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] ljj/0f

kfl/jfl/s sf]8 g+====================


kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
gfd,y/ lgjf{x gful/stf JolQmsf] /f]huf/L ;fj{hlgs j}b]lzs jflif{s
eQf a'em\g] g+= nfeu|fxL kfPsf] sf]ifaf6 jf /f]huf/Ldf cfo
JolQm;Fusf] kl/rokq lbg;+Vof cGo If]qaf6 uP÷guPsf]
gftf g+= lgj[lQe/0f
jf cGo
;'ljwf k|fKt
u/]sf]÷gu/]sf]

kl/jf/sf] tkm{af6 lgjf{x eQf a'em\g] JolQmsf]


gfd, y/ M
gful/stf g+=
nfeu|fxL kl/rokq g+=
lgjf{x eQf a'em\g] k|of]hgsf] nflu
a}+ssf] gfd zfvf sfof{no vftf g+=
98 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&%

cg';"rL !$
-bkmf *! sf] pkbkmf -@_ ;“u ;DalGwt_
================== ufp“kflnsf÷gu/kflnsf
;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 ;j]{If0f kmf/fd

!= k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdaf/] tkfO{nfO{ hfgsf/L


s_ 5 v_ 5}g

@= tkfO{n] k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] af/]df s;/L hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{eof] <
s_ ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 v_ /f]huf/ ;]jf sGb|af6
u_ :yfgLo txaf6 3_ ;fyLefO{af6 ª_ cGo=========================

#= o; sfo{qmdaf6 tkfO{n] s'g ;]jf k|fKt ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] <


===========================================================================================================

$= o; sfo{qmdaf6 tkfO{n] k|fKt ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] ;]jf k|fKt eof] jf ePg <
s_ eof] v_ ePg
k|fKt gePsf] eP k|fKt gx'g'sf] sf/0f ========================================================

%= a]/f]huf/ btf{ k|lqmof;Fu tkfO{ ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <


s_ 5' v_ 5}g

^= tkfO{n] o; sfo{qmdaf6 /f]huf/ k|fKt ug'{eof] <


s_ k|fKt u/] v_ k|fKt ul/g
k|fKt gePsf] eP k|fKt gx'g'sf] sf/0f ========================================================
k|fKt ePsf] eP k|fKt ePsf] lbg ;+Vof ======================================================
k|fKt ePsf] eP /f]huf/sf] If]q s_ ;fj{hlgs v_ lghL u_ u}/;/sf/L If]q
k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&% 99

&= /f]huf/L k|fKt ug'{ k"j{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd k|fKt ug'{eof] <
s_ u/] v_ ul/g

*= sfo{:yndf ePsf] ;'ljwfaf6 tkfO{ slt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <


s_ 5' v_ 5}g
;Gt'i6 gePsf] eP sf/0f ========================================================================

(= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
s_ 5' v_ 5}g

!)= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lgjf{x eQf afkt /sd k|fKt u¥of] <
s_ u¥of] v_ u/]g
k|fKt gePsf] eP k|fKt gx'g'sf] sf/0f ========================================================

!!= a}+lsª k|0ffnL dfkm{t lgjf{x eQf e'QmfgL x'g] k|lqmof ;xh 5 <
s_ 5 v_ 5}g

!@= k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmddfkm{t k|bfg ul/Psf] ;du| ;]jfk|lt tkfO{ slQsf]
;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 <
s_ w]/} ;Gt'i6 5' v_ l7s} ;Gt'i6 5' u_ ;Gt'i6 5}g

!#= /f]huf/ ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfnfO{ ;xh agfpg s] ug'{knf{ <
===========================================================================================================

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