Technical annex

NPSH

SELECTING THE PRESSURISATION UNIT The available NPSH is calculated as follows:

a. The unit must be selected in relation to the maximum flow rate
(Q) and head (H) the system will require of it, especially at its most
P
NPSH = z +____________
o P -P
b v

disadvantaged service point 1

_ H +____________
r1

γ γγ
b. When sizing the system and selecting the unit, adopt the criteria

of cost and energy saving (e.g. water consumption, time of use,
Where:
electrical power)
z = level difference (in m), between the axis of the pump's intake port
1

c. The point of operation of the unit at maximum flow rate should not
and the free surface of the fluid in the supply tank, which is:
correspond to the point of maximum efficiency, but should be shifted
- negative in case of negative suction
to the right so that the efficiency of the unit remains high in normal
- positive in case of positive suction
operating conditions at lower flow rates
p = relative pressure (in Pa) on the free surface of the fluid in the supply
0

d. To prevent cavitation, we recommend checking that the maximum

tank. If drawing fluid from an open tank, i.e. one which is contact
flow point does not fall in the zone in which the NPSH increases
with the atmosphere, p = 0
0

rapidly or outside it.

γ = specific weight of fluid (in N/m3) at the pumping temperature
H = pressure drops (in m) along the intake line
r1

NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head)

p = barometric pressure (in Pa) in the system in which the pump is
b

A pump installed above the water level can suck the water due to the
installed
atmospheric pressure on the surface itself, which is equivalent to about
p = vapour tension (in Pa) of the fluid at the pumping temperature
v

10 m of water column. This means that, however great the suction

power of the pump, the height from which it can draw up the fluid
remains 10 m (for water).
In reality, the limit is lower due to pressure drops in the suction line,
the kinetic height of the current and the dynamic effect of the pump's Diminution of the suction level difference with varying fluid
impeller. temperature
Trying to suck up the fluid from a greater height leads to cavitation in Temperature Intake pressure drops in m
the pump, which is not only seriously damaging to the pump but also [°C] [Kγ]
prevent further increases in flow rate.
This consists in the sudden creation and collapse of cavities, composed 25 0
primarily of vapour, as the fluid flows. These cavities are formed, at the 30 0.4
operating temperature, in zones in which the fluid pressure approaches 40 0.8
50 1.3
the vapour pressure at that temperature. In centrifugal pumps, this
60 2.0
occurs mainly at the entrance to the impeller blades where the sudden 70 3.2
acceleration of the current leads to a reduction in pressure. The cavities 80 4.8
of vapour which result are conveyed onwards by the flow and implode 90 7.1

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
at points where the fluid pressure increases. The implosion of these
bubbles of vapour is accompanied by a shock wave, which causes Diminution of the suction level difference with height above sea
hammering on the surface in question. This can result in fatigue, plastic level
deformation and removal of material from the surface. The effect can Heights Intake pressure drops in m
be accelerated by the corrosive action of the fluid being handled. [m] [K ]
H

To characterise the behaviour of a pump in response to cavitation, one

determines the NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) which represents the 0 0
absolute height or load, net of the fluid's vapour tension, which must 500 0.55
exist in suction to ensure that cavitation does not occur. 1000 1.1
1500 1.65
It will be immediately evident how important it is to check that the 2000 2.2
system available NPSH is greater (by at least 1 m) than that required by 2500 2.75
the pump. 3000 3.3

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 203 Booster

 Technical annex
FLOW RATE

Determining the FLOW RATE (Q) Flow rate

The quantity of fluid that passes through a section of area “A” in N. WC (cistern) WC (direct flush)
unit time. The first value to calculate when sizing a pressurisation unit apartments 1 2 1 2
is the total quantity of water it must supply to satisfy the maximum Flow rate [l/min] Flow rate [l/min] Flow rate [l/min] Flow rate [l/min]
theoretical demand, given by the sum of the water demand at each 1 30 40 60 80
point of delivery. 2 40 55 85 110
The table gives the values of maximum simultaneity of water flows per 3 52 65 100 135
4 60 75 120 155
number of apartments with 1 or 2 WC's (with cistern or direct flush). 5 70 85 140 175
6 75 90 150 190
7 80 100 160 205
8 85 110 170 220
9 90 115 180 235
10 95 120 190 250
11 100 130 200 260
12 105 135 210 273
13 110 140 220 285
14 115 145 230 295
15 120 150 240 305
16 125 155 250 315
17 130 160 260 325
18 135 165 270 335
19 140 170 280 340
20 145 175 290 350
22 150 180 300 370
24 155 185 310 390
26 160 190 320 400
28 165 195 330 420
30 170 200 340 430
32 175 205 350 440
34 180 210 360 450
36 185 220 370 460
38 190 230 380 480
40 195 240 390 500
45 205 260 400 530
50 215 270 415 555
55 225 280 430 580
60 235 290 440 610
65 245 300 460 635
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

70 255 310 480 660

75 265 320 500 680
80 275 330 520 700
85 280 340 540 730
90 285 350 560 750
95 290 360 580 770
100 300 380 600 790
110 315 400 620 820
120 330 420 640 860
130 345 440 660 895
140 360 460 685 930
150 375 480 710 965
160 390 500 735 1000
170 405 520 765 1040
180 420 540 795 1085
190 435 560 825 1130
200 450 580 855 1150
220 465 600 890 1170
240 480 620 925 1225
260 495 640 960 1280
280 510 660 995 1320
300 525 680 1030 1365
320 540 700 1065 1410
340 555 720 1100 1450
360 570 740 1135 1490
380 585 760 1170 1535
400 600 780 1200 1575
CAUTION: for seaside areas, one must augment the flow rate by a
factor of 20%

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 204 Booster

 Technical annex
HEAD

Determination of the HEAD (H)

The head is the maximum total difference in level which a pump can elevate a fluid.
Example:
The head includes the level difference between the pump and the supply tank, if located at a lower level, and the difference between the pump
and the destination tank at a higher level. The route of the pipe has no effect on the total level difference, which depends exclusively on the
piezometric difference in height between the surface of the supply fluid and the delivery point. The head is generally expressed in water column
metres. The head of a pump is the energy per unit mass supplied by the pump to the fluid. In a closed circuit the head overcomes the pressure
geodetic height of pump suction axis
drops in the circuit due to friction. at most elevated service;
Example:
geodetic height at minimum pressure
demand on most elevated service;

sum of continuous and

(MAINS
local pressure drops
SUPPLY) Example:
geodetic height of pump suction axis
at most elevated service;

geodetic height at minimum pressure

demand on most elevated service;
geodetic height of pump suction axis
sum of continuous and
(MAINS at most elevated service;
SUPPLY) local pressure drops

geodetic height at minimum pressure

demand on most elevated service;
(positive suction head intake)

sum of continuous and

(MAINS
SUPPLY)
Example:
local pressure drops
intake)suction head intake)

positive suction head geodetic height or

Example:
height corresponding to minimum
mains supply pressure

geodetic height of pump suction

axis at most elevated service;
(positive

Example:
height corresponding to minimum
(positive suction head

positive suction head geodetic height or

pressure demand on most elevated service;
height corresponding to minimum
mains supply pressure
sum of continuous and
local pressure drops

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
geodetic height of pump suction
axis at most elevated service;
positive suction head geodetic height or
height corresponding to minimum
height corresponding to minimum
mains supply pressure
pressure demand on most elevated service;
geodetic height of pump suction
sum of continuous and
axis
localatpressure
most elevated
drops service;

height corresponding to minimum

pressure demand on most elevated service;

sum of continuous and

local pressure drops
Example:
(negative suction head intake)

positive suction head geodetic height

Example:
intake)suction head intake)

geodetic height of pump suction

axis at most elevated service;

height corresponding to minimum pressure

Example:
demand on most elevated service;
(negative

positive suction head geodetic height

sum of continuous and
(negative suction head

local pressure drops

geodetic height of pump suction
axis at most elevated service;

height corresponding to minimum pressure

positive suction head geodetic height
demand on most elevated service;

geodetic height of pump suction

sum of continuous and
axis atpressure
local most elevated
drops service;
Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 205 Booster
height corresponding to minimum pressure
 Technical annex
PRESSURE DROPS

This is the resistance opposed to the flow of the fluid by the walls of a pipe or by variations of diameter of the pipe, or at intersections with bends
and valves in the circuit. It is also determined by the fluid temperature and geodetic height of the installation. It is generally expressed in water
column metres.
Pc= Pressure drop in water column metres per 100 m of new cast iron pipe.
V= Speed of fluid in pipe, m/s.
Flow rate Internal diameter [mm]
[m3/h] 25 32 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Pc % 17 6 1.6 0.54 0.25 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.02
3
Vm/s 1.70 1.03 0.67 0.43 0.29 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.10
Pc % 24 6 2 0.9 0.43 0.21 0.13 0.08 0.026
6
Vm/s 2.06 1.34 0.85 0.58 0.44 0.32 0.26 0.20 0.13
Pc % 12.5 4.3 1.8 0.9 0.46 0.25 0.15 0.06
9
Vm/s 2.08 1.32 0.89 0.65 0.5 0.39 0.32 0.20
Pc % 20 7 3.2 1.5 0.75 0.44 0.25 0.09 0.03
12
Vm/s 2.76 1.76 1.19 0.88 0.67 0.53 0.43 0.27 0.18
Pc % 12 5.2 2.4 1.25 0.7 0.42 0.15 0.06
15 Pressure drops caused by accessories can be approximated
Vm/s 2.2 1.49 1.1 0.87 0.66 0.54 0.34 0.24
with the following comparisons:
Pc % 17 7 3.5 1.7 1 0.6 0.2 0.08
18
Vm/s 2.64 1.78 1.3 1 0.78 0.64 0.4 0.28 - Foot valve: 15 m of pipe
Pc % 22 8.8 4.2 2.2 1.3 0.75 0.26 0.1 0.05 - Check valve: 10 m of pipe
21
Vm/s 3.35 2.08 1.54 1.17 0.93 0.75 0.48 0.32 0.24 - Shutter: 5 m of pipe
Pc % 12 5.7 3 1.7 1 0.36 0.14 0.07 - Bends and elbows: 5 m of pipe
24
Vm/s 2.38 1.76 1.34 1.06 0.86 0.54 0.36 0.28
Pc % 14 7 3.5 2 1.25 0.42 0.17 0.08
27
Vm/s 2.7 1.97 1.45 1.17 0.96 0.6 0.42 0.31
Pc % 17 8.2 4.2 2.5 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.09
30
Vm/s 2.98 2.2 1.74 1.32 1.08 0.68 0.48 0.34
Pc % 25 12 6.3 3.5 2 0.75 0.3 0.14 0.07
36
Vm/s 3.58 2.63 2 1.58 1.28 0.82 0.57 0.42 0.32
Pc % 16 8.5 4.5 2.7 0.85 0.33 0.18 0.08
42
Vm/s 3.07 2.34 1.85 1.5 0.96 0.66 0.48 0.37
Pc % 21 10 6 3.6 1.2 0.45 0.22 0.12 0.06
48
Vm/s 3.51 2.68 2.12 1.72 1.08 0.72 0.56 0.43 0.34
Pc % 25 13.5 7.6 4.5 1.5 0.55 0.28 0.14 0.08
54
Vm/s 3.94 3 2.34 1.92 1.2 0.84 0.63 0.48 0.38
Pc % 16 9 5.5 1.8 0.7 0.33 0.17 0.1
60
Vm/s 3.32 2.64 2.16 1.36 0.96 0.68 0.53 0.42
Pc % 24 14 8 2.76 1 0.49 0.24 0.14 0.08
75
Vm/s 4.17 3.31 2.68 1.72 1.18 0.87 0.67 0.53 0.43
Pc % 20 12.5 3.8 1.45 0.74 0.36 0.2 0.14 0.08
90
Vm/s 3.97 3.24 2.04 1.44 1.02 0.8 0.63 0.51 0.42
Pc % 26 16.5 5.3 1.95 0.9 0.47 0.27 0.16 0.1
105
Vm/s 4.6 3.74 2.41 1.66 1.22 0.93 0.74 0.59 0.49
Pc % 21.5 6.9 2.6 1.2 0.61 0.36 0.2 0.14 0.08
120
Vm/s 4.31 2.72 1.93 1.35 1.06 0.84 0.68 0.56 0.47
Pc % 26 9 3.3 1.5 0.76 0.45 0.25 0.17 0.1
135
Vm/s 4.81 1.07 2.13 1.56 1.19 0.95 0.76 0.63 0.53
Pc % 11 4 1.9 0.95 0.55 0.3 0.21 0.12 0.06
150
Vm/s 3.44 2.36 1.74 1.34 1.05 0.86 0.70 0.59 0.43
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

Pc % 13 4.7 2.2 1.13 0.65 0.37 0.24 0.15 0.08

165
Vm/s 3.75 2.61 1.91 1.46 1.15 0.94 0.77 0.65 0.48
Pc % 15.2 5.5 2.6 1.3 0.76 0.43 0.29 0.18 0.09
180
Vm/s 4.09 2.83 2.08 1.59 1.26 1.02 0.84 0.71 0.52
Pc % 21 7.4 3.5 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.37 0.24 0.12 0.06
210
Vm/s 4.70 3.32 2.43 1.86 1.49 1.19 0.98 0.82 0.61 0.47
Pc % 9.4 4.3 2.3 1.3 0.75 0.48 0.3 0.15 0.08
240
Vm/s 3.78 2.77 2.12 1.68 1.36 1.12 0.95 0.69 0.53
Pc % 12 5.5 2.8 1.62 0.9 0.58 0.35 0.18 0.09
270
Vm/s 4.26 3.13 2.39 1.90 1.53 1.26 1.07 0.78 0.59
Pc % 14 7.5 3.4 2 1.1 0.74 0.46 0.22 0.11 0.07
300
Vm/s 4.75 3.47 2.66 2.10 1.71 1.40 1.18 0.86 0.67 0.53
Pc % For other pipes than new cast iron pipe, multiply the table values by 9 4.7 2.8 1.6 1 0.65 0.32 0.16 0.09 0.05
360
Vm/s the following factors: 4.15 3.17 2.53 2.04 1.68 1.41 1.04 0.79 0.63 0.51
Pc % - stainless steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 11.6 6.2 3.5 2 1.3 0.82 0.41 0.21 0.12 0.07 0.03
420
Vm/s - PVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 4.86 3.72 2.94 2.37 1.96 1.64 1.22 0.94 0.76 0.59 0.41
Pc % - porcelain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.17 8.5 4.9 2.9 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.17 0.09 0.04
480 - laminated steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
Vm/s 4.24 3.36 2.72 2.24 1.90 1.38 1.06 0.84 0.69 0.47
Pc % - galvanised steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 11 6.5 3.7 2.35 1.52 0.75 0.38 0.22 0.12 0.05
540 - lightly rusted pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25
Vm/s 4.78 3.80 3.06 2.52 2.13 1.56 1.19 0.94 0.76 0.53
Pc % - rusted and very encrusted pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 12.2 7.4 4.3 2.7 1.7 0.9 0.45 0.25 0.13 0.055 0.024
600
Vm/s 5.30 4.20 3.40 2.81 2.36 1.73 1.34 1.06 0.86 0.61 0.44
Pc % 9 5.2 3.3 2.1 1.1 0.54 0.3 0.16 0.06 0.03
660
Vm/s 4.61 3.76 3.07 2.59 1.89 1.46 0.15 0.93 0.65 0.48
Pc % 10 6 3.8 2.5 1.3 0.52 0.35 0.19 0.075 0.035
720
Vm/s 5.05 4.08 3.37 2.84 2.08 1.65 1.26 1.02 0.71 0.52
Pc % 7.3 4.5 3 1.5 0.75 0.42 0.23 0.08 0.04
780
Vm/s 4.43 3.65 3.08 2.26 1.73 1.36 1.11 0.77 0.56
Pc % 8 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.85 0.48 0.26 0.1 0.047
840
Vm/s 4.76 3.95 3.31 2.43 1.86 1.47 1.19 0.83 0.61
Pc % 9 5.8 3.75 1.9 0.96 0.53 0.29 0.11 0.053
900
Vm/s 5.1 4.22 3.54 2.60 2.00 1.57 1.27 0.88 0.65
Pc % 6.5 4.3 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.32 0.12 0.06
960 Recommended delivery dia.
Vm/s 4.49 3.78 2.77 2.13 1.68 1.36 0.95 0.70
Pc % 7.2 4.6 2.45 1.2 0.67 0.35 0.14 0.065 0.033
1020 Recommended intake dia.
Vm/s 4.76 4.01 2.94 2.26 1.78 1.44 1.00 0.77 0.54
Pc % 5.4 2.8 1.4 0.78 0.43 0.16 0.073 0.037
1080
Vm/s 4.26 3.12 2.38 1.86 1.53 1.06 0.78 0.57
Pc % 6 3.2 1.53 0.86 0.46 0.175 0.08 0.043 0.037
1140
Vm/s 4.49 3.29 2.53 1.99 1.65 1.12 0.84 0.61 0.52
Pc % 6.5 3.4 1.7 0.93 0.5 0.19 0.09 0.046 0.04 0.025
1200
Vm/s 4.72 3.45 2.68 2.12 1.72 1.23 0.88 0.63 0.54 0.4

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 206 Booster

 Technical annex
ACCIDENTAL PRESSURE DROPS

BALL VALVE PRESSURE DROP/FLOW RATE DIAGRAM

Kv is the flow rate that causes a pressure drop of 1 bar

CHOKE VALVE PRESSURE DROP ΔP DIAGRAM

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
FLOW RATE

FOOT VALVE

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 Technical annex
ACCIDENTAL PRESSURE DROPS

BRASS CHECK VALVE

1/2 3/4 1” 11/4 11/2 2” 21/2 3” 4”

100.000

10.000
PRESSURE DROP

1.000

100
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

10
100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000
FLOW RATE = l/h

FLANGED CHECK VALVE IN CAST IRON

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 208 Booster

 Technical annex
ACCIDENTAL PRESSURE DROPS

PRESSURE DROP IN EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE IN METRES OF GALVANISED STEEL PIPE

Diameter
(nominal) /
1 4
3
/
8
½
/
3 4 1 11/ 4 1½ 2 2½ 3 4 5 6

0.23 0.35 0.47 0.7 0.94 1.17 1.41 1.88 2.35 2.82 3.76 4.7 5.64

0.22 0.33 0.44 0.67 0.86 1.11 1.33 1.78 2.23 2.68 - - -

- 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.43 0.54 0.65 0.86 1.08 1.30 1.73 2.16 2.59

- 0.61 0.81 1.22 1.63 2.03 2.44 3.25 - - - - -

- - 0.27 0.41 0.55 0.68 0.82 1.04 1.37 1.64 2.18 - -

0.16 0.24 0.32 0.48 0.64 0.79 0.95 1.27 1.59 1.91 2.54 - -

- 0.28 0.34 0.5 0.67 0.84 1.01 1.35 1.68 2.02 2.96 - 4.04

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.41 0.51 0.61 0.81 1.02 1.22 - - -

- - 0.43 0.65 0.86 1.08 1.3 1.73 - - - - -

0.04 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.33 0.41 0.5 0.66 0.83 0.99

0.34 0.51 0.69 1.03 1.37 1.71 2.06 2.74 3.43 4.11 5.49 6.86 8.23

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
0.42 0.62 0.83 1.25 1.66 2.08 2.5 3.33 4.16 4.99 6.65 8.32 9.98

- - 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.36 0.44 0.55 0.73 - -

- - 0.44 0.66 0.88 1.1 1.31 1.75 2.19 2.7 3.51 - -

0.05 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.41 0.49 0.59 - - -

0.34 0.5 0.67 1.01 1.35 1.68 2.02 2.69 3.36 4.02 - - -

- - 0.28 - - - - - - - - - -

- - 0.30 - - - - - - - - - -

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 - -

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 209 Booster

 Technical annex
LOCAL PRESSURE DROPS

DN = Nominal pipe diameter

D = Effective internal diameter of pipe
i

For the continuous pressure drop in the cone, consider

an equivalent length of pipe of diameter DN = L
1

PRESSURE DROPS DUE TO SUDDEN ENLARGEMENT IN WATER COLUMN METRES

Flow DN 25
1 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200
rate D 27.4 27.4 27.4 36.1 36.1 36.1 42.0 42.0 42.0 53.1 53.1 53.1 68.8 68.8 68.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 105.1 105.1 105.1 129.7 129.7 129.7 155.2 155.2 206.5
i1

Q DN 32 40 50 40 50 65 50 65 80 65 80 100 80 100 125 100 125 150 125 150 200 150 200 250 200 250 250
2

m3/h D 36.1 42.0 53.1 42.0 53.1 68.8 53.1 68.8 80.8 68.8 80.8 105.1 80.8 105.1 129.7 80.8 129.7 155.2 129.7 155.2 206.5 155.2 206.5 260.4 206.5 260.4 260.4
i2

3 0.02 0.03 0.05 - 0.01 0.02 - 0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 0.07 0.13 0.22 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.04 - 0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 0.16 0.30 0.49 0.02 0.09 0.16 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.04 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 0.29 0.54 0.88 0.04 0.16 0.28 0.04 0.12 0.16 0.02 0.04 0.06 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - -
15 0.46 0.84 1.37 0.06 0.24 0.44 0.06 0.18 0.25 0.03 0.06 0.10 - 0.02 0.03 - 0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - - -
18 0.66 1.21 1.97 0.08 0.35 0.64 0.09 0.26 0.35 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.03 - - 0.01 - - - - - -
21 0.90 1.65 2.69 0.11 0.48 0.87 0.13 0.36 0.48 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.04 - 0.01 0.01 - - - - - -
24 1.17 2.15 3.51 0.15 0.63 1.14 0.17 0.46 0.63 0.08 0.15 0.26 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.03 0.05 - 0.01 0.02 - - - - - -
27 - - - 0.19 0.79 1.44 0.21 0.59 0.80 0.10 0.19 0.32 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.02 0.04 0.06 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - -
30 - - - 0.23 0.98 1.77 0.26 0.73 0.98 0.12 0.23 0.40 0.02 0.08 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.03 - 0.01 0.01 - - -
36 - - - 0.33 1.41 2.56 0.37 1.05 1.41 0.17 0.34 0.58 0.03 0.12 0.19 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.04 - 0.01 0.02 - - -
42 - - - 0.45 1.92 3.48 0.51 1.42 1.93 0.23 0.46 0.78 0.04 0.16 0.26 0.04 0.10 0.14 0.01 0.03 0.05 - 0.01 0.02 - 0.01 -
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

48 - - - - - - 0.66 1.86 2.52 0.30 0.60 1.03 0.05 0.21 0.34 0.06 0.13 0.18 0.01 0.04 0.07 - 0.02 0.03 - 0.01 -
54 - - - - - - 0.84 2.35 3.18 0.38 0.75 1.30 0.06 0.27 0.43 0.07 0.16 0.23 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 -
60 - - - - - - 1.03 2.90 3.93 0.47 0.93 1.60 0.08 0.33 0.53 0.09 0.20 0.29 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.02 -
75 - - - - - - - - - 0.74 1.46 2.50 0.12 0.52 0.83 0.14 0.32 0.45 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.03 -
90 - - - - - - - - - 1.06 2.10 3.60 0.17 0.75 1.19 0.20 0.45 0.64 0.05 0.12 0.23 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.02 0.04 -
105 - - - - - - - - - 1.45 2.85 4.91 0.24 1.02 1.62 0.28 0.62 0.88 0.07 0.17 0.32 0.02 0.09 0.14 0.02 0.05 -
120 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.31 1.34 2.12 0.36 0.81 1.14 0.09 0.22 0.41 0.03 0.12 0.18 0.03 0.07 0.01
135 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.39 1.69 2.68 0.46 1.02 1.45 0.11 0.28 0.52 0.04 0.15 0.23 0.04 0.08 0.01
150 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.48 2.09 3.31 0.56 1.26 1.79 0.14 0.34 0.65 0.05 0.19 0.29 0.05 0.10 0.01
180 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.81 1.82 2.58 0.20 0.50 0.93 0.07 0.27 0.41 0.07 0.15 0.02
210 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.10 2.47 3.51 0.27 0.68 1.27 0.09 0.36 0.56 0.09 0.20 0.02
240 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.44 3.23 4.58 0.35 0.88 1.65 0.12 0.48 0.73 0.12 0.26 0.03
270 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.45 1.12 2.09 0.15 0.60 0.93 0.15 0.33 0.04
300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.55 1.38 2.58 0.18 0.74 1.15 0.19 0.41 0.04
360 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.80 1.99 3.72 0.27 1.07 1.65 0.27 0.59 0.06
420 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.36 1.46 2.25 0.37 0.81 0.09
480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.47 1.90 2.94 0.48 1.05 0.11
540 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60 2.41 3.72 0.61 1.33 0.14
600 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.74 2.97 4.59 0.75 1.65 0.17
660 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.91 1.99 0.21
720 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.08 2.37 0.25
780 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.27 2.78 0.29
840 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.47 3.22 0.34
900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.39
1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.48
1100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.58
1200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.70
1300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.82
1400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.95
1500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.09

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 210 Booster

 Technical annex
LOCAL PRESSURE DROPS

DN = Nominal pipe diameter

D = Effective internal diameter of pipe
i

For the continuous pressure drop in the cone, consider

an equivalent length of pipe of diameter DN = L 1

PRESSURE DROPS DUE TO SUDDEN RESTRICTION IN WATER COLUMN METRES

Flow DN 32 1 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250
rate D 36.1 42.0 42.0
i1 53.1 53.1 53.1 68.8 68.8 68.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 105.1 105.1 105.1 129.7 129.7 129.7 155.2 155.2 155.2 206.5 206.5 206.5 260.4 260.4 260.4
Q DN 25 25 32
2 25 32 40 32 40 50 40 50 65 50 65 80 65 80 100 80 100 125 100 125 150 125 150 200
m3/h D 27.4 27.4 36.1
i2 27.4 36.1 42.0 36.1 42.0 53.1 42.0 53.1 68.8 53.1 68.8 80.8 68.8 80.8 105.1 80.8 105.1 129.7 80.8 129.7 155.2 129.7 155.2 206.5
3 0.02 0.03 - 0.04 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 0.09 0.12 0.02 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 0.19 0.26 0.04 0.34 0.08 0.03 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.02 - 0.02 0.01 - 0.01 0.00 - - - - - - - - - -
12 0.35 0.47 0.07 0.60 0.15 0.06 0.20 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 - - - - - - - - - -
15 0.54 0.73 0.11 0.93 0.23 0.09 0.31 0.14 0.04 0.17 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - - - - -
18 0.78 1.05 0.16 1.34 0.33 0.12 0.44 0.21 0.05 0.24 0.07 0.01 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.02 - - - - - - - -
21 - 1.43 0.22 1.83 0.45 0.17 0.60 0.28 0.07 0.33 0.10 0.02 0.13 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.02 - 0.02 0.01 - - - - - - -
24 - 1.87 0.28 2.39 0.58 0.22 0.78 0.37 0.09 0.43 0.13 0.02 0.17 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - -
27 - - 0.36 3.03 0.74 0.28 0.99 0.47 0.12 0.55 0.17 0.03 0.22 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - -
30 - - - 3.74 0.91 0.35 1.22 0.58 0.15 0.67 0.21 0.04 0.27 0.07 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 - 0.02 0.01 - - - -
36 - - - - 1.31 0.50 1.76 0.83 0.21 0.97 0.30 0.05 0.39 0.11 0.04 0.13 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 - - - -
42 - - - - - 0.68 2.40 1.13 0.29 1.32 0.40 0.07 0.53 0.14 0.05 0.18 0.08 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - -
48 - - - - - - 3.13 1.48 0.37 1.72 0.53 0.09 0.69 0.19 0.07 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
54 - - - - - - 3.97 1.87 0.47 2.18 0.66 0.11 0.87 0.24 0.09 0.30 0.13 0.03 0.16 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -
60 - - - - - - - 2.31 0.58 2.69 0.82 0.14 1.08 0.29 0.11 0.37 0.16 0.03 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 -
70 - - - - - - - - 0.79 3.66 1.12 0.19 1.46 0.40 0.15 0.50 0.22 0.04 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.02 -
80 - - - - - - - - - 4.79 1.46 0.25 1.91 0.52 0.20 0.65 0.29 0.06 0.35 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.02 -
90 - - - - - - - - - - 1.85 0.32 2.42 0.66 0.25 0.83 0.37 0.07 0.44 0.11 0.03 0.16 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.01
105 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.43 3.29 0.90 0.34 1.13 0.50 0.10 0.60 0.16 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.01
120 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.30 1.17 0.44 1.47 0.66 0.13 0.79 0.20 0.05 0.28 0.10 0.03 0.12 0.05 0.01
135 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.44 1.48 0.56 1.86 0.83 0.16 0.99 0.26 0.06 0.35 0.12 0.04 0.15 0.06 0.01
150 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.83 0.69 2.30 1.03 0.20 1.23 0.32 0.08 0.44 0.15 0.05 0.19 0.08 0.01
165 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.83 2.78 1.25 0.24 1.48 0.39 0.09 0.53 0.19 0.07 0.23 0.10 0.02
180 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.31 1.48 0.29 1.77 0.46 0.11 0.63 0.22 0.08 0.27 0.11 0.02
200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.09 1.83 0.36 2.18 0.57 0.14 0.77 0.27 0.10 0.34 0.14 0.03
220 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.22 0.43 2.64 0.68 0.16 0.94 0.33 0.12 0.41 0.17 0.03
240 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.52 3.14 0.82 0.20 1.12 0.39 0.14 0.49 0.20 0.04
260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.69 0.96 0.23 1.31 0.46 0.16 0.57 0.24 0.04
280 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.28 1.11 0.27 1.52 0.53 0.19 0.66 0.28 0.05
300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.27 0.31 1.74 0.61 0.22 0.76 0.32 0.06
330 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.37 2.11 0.74 0.26 0.92 0.39 0.07
370 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.65 0.93 0.33 1.16 0.49 0.09
410 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.26 1.15 0.40 1.42 0.60 0.11
450 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.92 1.38 0.48 1.72 0.72 0.13
500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.71 0.60 2.12 0.89 0.16
550 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.06 0.72 2.56 1.07 0.20
600 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.86 3.05 1.28 0.23
660 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.04 3.69 1.54 0.28
720 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.39 1.84 0.34
780 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.15 2.16 0.40
840 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.50 0.46
900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.87 0.53
960 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.60
1020 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.68

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 211 Booster

 Technical annex
LOCAL PRESSURE DROPS

DN = Nominal pipe diameter

D = Effective internal diameter of pipe
i

For the continuous pressure drop in the cone, consider

an equivalent length of pipe of diameter DN = L 1

PRESSURE DROPS LOCALISED TO DIVERGENT ISO CONES IN WATER COLUMN METRES

DN 25
1 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200
Flow D 28.5 28.5 28.5 37.2
i1 37.2 37.2 43.1 43.1 43.1 54.5 54.5 54.5 70.3 70.3 70.3 82.5 82.5 82.5 107.1 107.1 107.1 131.7 131.7 131.7 159.3 159.3 206.5
rate DN 32 40 50 40 50 65 50 65 80 65 80 100 80 100 125 100 125 150 125 150 200 150 200 250 200 250 250
Q
2

m3/h D 37.2 43.1 54.5 43.1

i2 54.5 70.3 54.5 70.3 82.5 70.3 82.5 107.1 82.5 107.1 131.7 107.1 131.7 159.3 131.7 159.3 206.5 159.3 206.5 260.4 206.5 260.4 260.4
L 50 64 76 64 76 90 76 90 90 90 90 100 90 100 127 100 127 140 127 140 152 140 152 178 152 178 178
3 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 0.01 0.03 0.07 - 0.01 0.03 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 0.02 0.06 0.17 - 0.02 0.06 - 0.02 0.04 - 0.01 0.02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 0.04 0.11 0.30 - 0.03 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.08 - 0.01 0.04 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - -
15 0.06 0.17 0.46 - 0.05 0.17 0.01 0.06 0.12 - 0.02 0.06 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - -
18 0.09 0.24 0.66 0.01 0.07 0.25 0.01 0.08 0.17 0.01 0.03 0.09 - 0.01 0.03 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - -
21 0.13 0.33 0.90 0.01 0.10 0.33 0.02 0.11 0.24 0.01 0.04 0.12 - 0.02 0.04 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - -
24 0.16 0.43 1.18 0.01 0.13 0.44 0.02 0.14 0.31 0.01 0.05 0.16 - 0.02 0.05 - 0.01 0.03 - - 0.01 - - 0.01 - - -
27 0.21 0.54 1.49 0.01 0.17 0.55 0.03 0.18 0.39 0.01 0.06 0.20 - 0.03 0.06 - 0.02 0.04 - - 0.02 - - 0.01 - - -
30 - - - 0.02 0.21 0.68 0.03 0.22 0.48 0.02 0.07 0.25 - 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.05 - 0.01 0.02 - - 0.01 - - -
36 - - - 0.02 0.30 0.98 0.05 0.32 0.69 0.03 0.11 0.35 - 0.05 0.11 0.01 0.03 0.07 - 0.01 0.03 - - 0.02 - - -
42 - - - 0.03 0.40 1.34 0.07 0.44 0.94 0.04 0.14 0.48 - 0.07 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.09 - 0.01 0.04 - 0.01 0.02 - - -
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

48 - - - 0.04 0.53 1.75 0.09 0.57 1.23 0.05 0.19 0.63 0.01 0.09 0.19 0.01 0.05 0.12 - 0.01 0.05 - 0.01 0.03 - 0.01 -
54 - - - - - - 0.11 0.72 1.56 0.06 0.24 0.80 0.01 0.11 0.24 0.02 0.07 0.16 - 0.02 0.07 - 0.01 0.04 - 0.01 -
60 - - - - - - 0.13 0.89 1.92 0.07 0.29 0.98 0.01 0.13 0.30 0.02 0.09 0.19 - 0.02 0.08 - 0.02 0.04 - 0.01 -
75 - - - - - - 0.21 1.39 3.00 0.11 0.46 1.54 0.01 0.21 0.46 0.03 0.13 0.30 0.01 0.04 0.13 - 0.03 0.07 - 0.02 -
90 - - - - - - - - - 0.16 0.66 2.21 0.02 0.30 0.67 0.05 0.19 0.43 0.01 0.05 0.19 - 0.04 0.10 - 0.02 -
105 - - - - - - - - - 0.22 0.90 3.01 0.03 0.41 0.91 0.07 0.26 0.59 0.01 0.07 0.26 - 0.05 0.13 0.01 0.03 -
120 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.04 0.54 1.19 0.09 0.34 0.77 0.02 0.09 0.34 0.01 0.07 0.17 0.01 0.04 -
135 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.05 0.68 1.51 0.11 0.43 0.97 0.02 0.12 0.43 0.01 0.09 0.22 0.01 0.05 -
150 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.06 0.84 1.86 0.14 0.54 1.20 0.02 0.15 0.53 0.01 0.11 0.27 0.01 0.07 -
180 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.08 1.21 2.68 0.20 0.77 1.73 0.04 0.21 0.76 0.01 0.15 0.39 0.02 0.10 -
210 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.27 1.05 2.36 0.05 0.29 1.03 0.02 0.21 0.53 0.03 0.13 0.01
240 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.35 1.37 3.08 0.06 0.37 1.35 0.02 0.27 0.69 0.03 0.17 0.01
270 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.08 0.47 1.70 0.03 0.34 0.88 0.04 0.21 0.01
300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.10 0.59 2.10 0.04 0.42 1.08 0.05 0.26 0.01
360 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.14 0.84 3.03 0.06 0.61 1.56 0.07 0.38 0.02
420 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.19 1.15 4.12 0.08 0.83 2.12 0.10 0.52 0.03
480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.10 1.09 2.77 0.13 0.68 0.04
540 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.12 1.38 3.50 0.17 0.86 0.05
600 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.15 1.70 4.33 0.21 1.06 0.06
660 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.25 1.28 0.07
720 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.30 1.52 0.09
780 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.35 1.79 0.10
840 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.41 2.07 0.12
900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.47 2.38 0.13
1000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.17
1100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.20
1200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.24
1300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.28
1400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.33
1500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.37

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 212 Booster

 Technical annex
LOCAL PRESSURE DROPS

DN = Nominal pipe diameter

D = Effective internal diameter of pipe
i

For the continuous pressure drop in the cone, consider

an equivalent length of pipe of diameter DN = L 1

PRESSURE DROPS LOCALISED TO CONVERGENT ISO CONES IN WATER COLUMN METRES

DN 32 1 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250
Flow D 37.2 43.1 43.1 54.5
i1 54.5 54.5 70.3 70.3 70.3 82.5 82.5 82.5 107.1 107.1 107.1 131.7 131.7 131.7 159.3 159.3 159.3 206.5 206.5 206.5 260.4 260.4 260.4
rate DN 25 25 32 25 32 40 32 40 50 40 50 65 50 65 80 65 80 100 80 100 125 100 125 150 125 150 200
Q
2

m3/h D 28.5 28.5 37.2 28.5

i2 37.2 43.1 37.2 43.1 54.5 43.1 54.5 70.3 54.5 70.3 82.5 70.3 82.5 107.1 82.5 107.1 131.7 107.1 131.7 159.3 131.7 159.3 206.5
L 50 64 64 76 76 76 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 127 127 127 140 140 140 152 152 152 178 178 178
3 - 0.01 - 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 0.01 0.02 - 0.06 0.01 - 0.02 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
9 0.02 0.05 - 0.14 0.02 - 0.05 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 0.03 0.08 - 0.24 0.03 - 0.08 0.03 - 0.05 0.01 - 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - - - - -
15 0.05 0.13 0.01 0.38 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.05 - 0.08 0.02 - 0.04 - - 0.01 - - 0.01 - - - - - - - -
18 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.55 0.06 0.01 0.18 0.07 - 0.12 0.03 - 0.05 0.01 - 0.02 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - - - - -
21 0.11 0.26 0.01 0.75 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.10 0.01 0.16 0.04 - 0.07 0.01 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - - - - -
24 - 0.33 0.02 0.97 0.12 0.02 0.33 0.13 0.01 0.21 0.05 - 0.09 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - -
27 - 0.42 0.02 1.23 0.15 0.03 0.41 0.16 0.01 0.27 0.06 - 0.12 0.02 - 0.04 0.02 - 0.02 - - 0.01 - - - - -
30 - - 0.03 1.52 0.18 0.03 0.51 0.20 0.01 0.33 0.07 - 0.15 0.03 - 0.05 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - - - - -
36 - - - 2.19 0.26 0.05 0.73 0.29 0.02 0.48 0.10 0.01 0.21 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.03 - 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 - - - - -
42 - - - - 0.35 0.07 1.00 0.39 0.03 0.65 0.14 0.01 0.29 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.04 - 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 - 0.01 - -
48 - - - - - 0.09 1.30 0.51 0.03 0.85 0.18 0.01 0.37 0.07 0.01 0.13 0.05 - 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 - -

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
54 - - - - - - 1.65 0.65 0.04 1.08 0.23 0.01 0.47 0.09 0.02 0.17 0.06 - 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 -
60 - - - - - - 2.04 0.80 0.05 1.33 0.29 0.01 0.59 0.11 0.02 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01 - 0.02 0.01 -
70 - - - - - - - 1.09 0.07 1.81 0.39 0.02 0.80 0.15 0.03 0.28 0.10 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.02 - 0.02 0.01 -
80 - - - - - - - - 0.09 2.37 0.51 0.03 1.04 0.20 0.04 0.37 0.13 0.01 0.19 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.02 - 0.03 0.01 -
90 - - - - - - - - - 2.99 0.64 0.03 1.32 0.25 0.04 0.47 0.17 0.01 0.25 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.03 - 0.04 0.01 -
105 - - - - - - - - - - 0.88 0.04 1.79 0.35 0.06 0.63 0.23 0.02 0.33 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.02 -
120 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.06 2.34 0.45 0.08 0.83 0.30 0.02 0.44 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.02 -
135 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.96 0.57 0.10 1.05 0.38 0.03 0.55 0.11 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.01
150 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.71 0.12 1.29 0.46 0.03 0.68 0.13 0.10 0.25 0.08 0.01 0.11 0.04 0.01
165 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.15 1.56 0.56 0.04 0.82 0.16 0.12 0.30 0.09 0.02 0.14 0.05 0.01
180 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.86 0.67 0.05 0.98 0.19 0.14 0.36 0.11 0.02 0.16 0.06 0.01
200 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.30 0.83 0.06 1.21 0.23 0.17 0.45 0.14 0.02 0.20 0.07 0.01
220 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.78 1.00 0.07 1.47 0.28 0.21 0.54 0.16 0.03 0.25 0.08 0.01
240 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.19 0.08 1.74 0.34 0.24 0.64 0.20 0.03 0.29 0.10 0.02
260 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.10 2.05 0.39 0.29 0.75 0.23 0.04 0.34 0.12 0.02
280 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.37 0.46 0.33 0.87 0.27 0.05 0.40 0.14 0.02
300 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.73 0.52 0.38 1.00 0.31 0.05 0.46 0.16 0.03
330 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.63 0.46 1.21 0.37 0.06 0.55 0.19 0.03
370 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.58 1.53 0.46 0.08 0.70 0.24 0.04
410 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.87 0.57 0.10 0.86 0.29 0.05
450 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.26 0.69 0.12 1.03 0.35 0.06
500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.85 0.15 1.27 0.43 0.07
550 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.03 0.18 1.54 0.52 0.08
600 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.21 1.83 0.62 0.10
660 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.26 2.22 0.75 0.12
720 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.64 0.90 0.15
780 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.10 1.05 0.17
840 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.22 0.20
900 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.40 0.23
960 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.26
1020 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.29

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 Technical annex
PROTECTION RATING

PROTECTION RATING
This is identified as IP (Ingress Protection - the degree of protection against the ingress of foreign materials and agents).
CEI EN 60529 (protection rating of housings - IP code) establishes the IP rating to indicate the protection of electrical equipment against access to
live components and against penetration by water and foreign solid bodies.
The IP rating is composed of 2 characteristic digits, and may be extended with a supplementary letter if the protection of persons against access to
live components is greater than that indicated by the first digit.
Further supplementary letters give additional information relating to the protection of persons or the material.
The IP rating must always be read a digit at a time and not as a single number.

FIRST CHARACTERISTIC DIGIT - PROTECTION AGAINST THE INGRESS OF FOREIGN BODIES AND AGAINST ACCESS TO HAZARDOUS PARTS
Digit Test Description Comment

0 No protection

Protected against solid bodies of size No parts of the human body, such as a hand, nor solid bodies of diameter greater than 50
1
greater than 50 mm mm, may penetrate

Protected against solid bodies of size The fingers, bodies of a similar size of length no more than 80 mm, and solid bodies of di-
2
greater than 12 mm ameter greater than 12 mm, may not penetrate

Protected against solid bodies of size Wires of diameter or thickness greater than 2.5 mm, and solid bodies of diameter greater
3
greater than 2.5 mm than 2.5 mm, may not penetrate

Protected against solid bodies of size Wires or plates of diameter or thickness greater than 1mm, and solid bodies of diameter
4
greater than 1.0 mm greater than 1 mm, may not penetrate

Penetration by dust is not totally excluded, but the amount is such as not to compromise
5 Protected against dust
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

the operation of the material

6 Totally protected against dust No penetration of dust is permitted

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 Technical annex
PROTECTION RATING

SECOND CHARACTERISTIC DIGIT - PROTECTION AGAINST PENETRATION BY WATER

Digit Test Description Comment

0 No protection

1 Protected against water drops falling vertically Water drops falling vertically must not cause damage

Protected against water falling at an angle of no Water drops falling vertically must not cause damage when the housing is tilted up to 15°
2
more than 15° away from its original position

3 Protected against rain Water falling as rain at an angel form the vertical of up to 60° must not cause damage

4 Protected against sprays of water Water sprayed onto the housing from all directions must not cause damage

5 Protected against jets of water Water sprayed onto the housing with a nozzle from all directions must not cause damage

6 Protected against powerful jets of water Waves or powerful jets of water may not penetrate the housing to a damaging extent

Water may not penetrate to a damaging extent when the housing is immersed at a given
7 Protected against temporary immersion
pressure and for a given time

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
The material is suited for immersion in water under the conditions specified by the manu-
8 Protected against continuous immersion
facturer

Supplementary letter
Protection of persons against access using tools, to be used only if:
• the effective protection against access to hazardous parts is greater than that indicated in the first characteristic digit
• only protection against access to hazardous parts is indicated and the first digit is replaced by X

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 Technical annex
METHODS FOR STARTING ELECTRIC MOTORS

Direct start Fig. 1

Direct starting is the simplest method of starting and is obtained by
connecting the motor's rated voltage to the stator. In general, this is
used for small motors which can run up to speed in short time.
Fig. 1 shows the direct starting procedure, obtained by closing
connections “1”.

The main disadvantages, as can be seen in the figure, consist in a

high current absorption by the rotor when starting, and hence a high
current demand from the power supply by the stator, which causes
sudden voltage drops and disturbs the mains itself.

The advantages, along with the simplicity of the configuration, consist

in good starting torque and minimum starting time.

Star-Delta start (Y - Δ)
This method is used for motor which are powered, when run up to
speed, with a delta connection, indicated with the letter Δ. Fig. 2
It consists in starting the motor with a star (Y) winding and then,
once the motor has started, switching the windings to the delta
configuration (Δ) when the motor is close to running speed.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, connections 2 are closed and connections
3 left open, to configure the windings in a star arrangement, then
contacts 1 are closed the motor starts in a star configuration. In
this way, the motor absorbs 1/ of the line current compared to the
3

absorption in the delta configuration. The starting torque is also

reduced by a factor of 3 compared to delta Δ starting.
When a certain set speed is reached, connections 2 are opened and
connections 3 are closed, thus switching the windings into a delta
configuration. The torque rises as does the current absorption, in
comparison with the Y configuration.
This method is generally used for motors of power from 7 to 50 kW.
The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 216 Booster

 Technical annex
SELECTION AND SIZING OF THE AUTOCLAVE

SELECTION AND SIZING OF THE AUTOCLAVE

The supply tank, or autoclave, is used to limit the number of pump starts per hour by supply part of its water reserve to the circuit, which is kept
pressurised by the air above it. The autoclave may be of the air cushion or membrane type. In the membrane type there is no contact between the
air and the water since they are separated by an elastic membrane inside the tank. In the air cushion type, there is no clear separation between the
air and the water. Since the air and water tend to mix together to some extent, the separation must be restored by an air supply or compressor.
The formula used to determine the volume of an autoclave is:

If we know the maximum circuit absorption in I/min (A ) and the maximum number of pump starts permitted per hour (N ), the table allows us to
max max

calculate the necessary size of vessel.

MEMBRANE AUTOCLAVE
A (l/min)
max Vessel / volume of vessel V (l)
P
prec 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.8 3.8
P min 1 1 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 4
P
max 2 2.5 3 2.5 3 2.5 4 4 4.5 5 5 8
10 45.8 35.6 58.9 52.3 39.9 103.1 36.8 48.6 40.1 35.0 43.4 32.2
15 68.8 53.5 88.4 78.5 59.8 154.7 55.2 72.9 60.2 52.5 65.1 48.3
20 91.7 71.3 117.9 104.6 79.7 206.3 73.7 97.2 80.2 70.0 86.8 64.5
30 137.5 106.9 176.8 156.9 119.6 309.4 110.5 145.8 120.3 105.0 130.3 96.7
50 229.2 178.2 294.6 261.5 199.3 515.6 184.2 243.1 200.5 175.0 217.1 161.1
75 343.8 267.4 442.0 392.3 298.9 773.4 276.2 364.6 300.8 262.5 325.7 241.7
100 458.3 356.5 589.3 523.1 398.6 1031.3 368.3 486.1 401.0 350.0 434.2 322.3
150 687.5 534.7 883.9 784.6 597.8 1546.9 552.5 729.2 601.6 525.0 651.3 483.4
200 916.7 713.0 1178.6 1046.2 797.1 2062.5 736.6 972.2 802.1 700.0 868.4 644.5

The formula

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.
Δ Vt =[M A (P +1) (P +1)] / [N (P - P ) (P +1)]
max max min max max min prec

V = vessel / volume of vessel (l)

A = Maximum circuit absorption (l/min)
max

M= Multiplier (= 16.5 for this calculation model)

P = Minimum setting of pressure switch at which the pump starts
min

P = Maximum setting of pressure switch at which the pump stops

max

N = Maximum number of pump starts per hour

max

P = Preload pressure
prec

All pressures are in bar (relative pressure)

To calculate the volume of the vessel V the following parameters may be modified: N , P , P , A
f max min max max

CAUTION: adjust the vessel preload pressure to 0.2 - 0.3 bar relative to the pump starting pressure

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 Technical annex
SELECTION AND SIZING OF THE AUTOCLAVE

AIR CUSHION AUTOCLAVE

MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS
• Maximum operating pressure PN: 10 bar at 20°C
• Maximum operating temperature: 50°C
• Fluid: water

Type Autoclave [l] A B C D

mini 25 - 500 210 66 G½ G½
midi 500 - 2000 286 108 G½ G¾
maxi 2000 - 4000 406 108 G½ G¾

Q 1 p

V = ——— x ——————
m

4 x Z (P - 2) min

1- —————
P max

where:
Vm = Total volume of air cushion autoclave, m3
Qp = Mean pump flow rate, m3/h
P =
max Maximum pressure setpoint (mca)
P =
min Minimum pressure setpoint (mca)
Z = Maximum number of motor starts permitted per hour

Autoclave tank capacity, litres

Mean pressure setpoint [bar]
100 200 300 500 700 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000
2.5 MINI MIDI MAXI
3.5 MINI MIDI MAXI
4.5 MINI MIDI MAXI
5.5 MINI MIDI MAXI
6.5 MINI MIDI MAXI
7.5 MINI MIDI MAXI

SUPPLY OPERATION SCHEME

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

The pump is stopped. The air When the pump starts, it creates While the water is emptying When the pump stops,
supply is full of water an underpressure which allows out, the supply fills with air thanks to the principle of
the water to be drawn from the and the ball sinks to the communicating vessels,
supply, in turn drawing water bottom, closing the hole the air in the supply, being
from the autoclave. This, passing connecting it to the pump. lighter, goes to the top of
through the Venturi nozzle, takes The supply is now full of water the autoclave
air in through the valve
LEGEND
1 Tank
2 Shutter valve
3 Hose
4 Pump
5 Special nipple
6 Check valve
7 Hose
8 Air supply
9 Shutter valve
10 Level gauge

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PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
The specifications given herein refer to the curves given in our catalogues and Data Books (see www.ebaraeurope.com).
All performance curves have been calculated in compliance with ISO 9906 Annex A.

Tolerances per ISO 9906 Annex A.

The curves refer to the effective speed of the asynchronous motors at 50 Hz.
The measurements were run at a water temperature of 20°C with dynamic viscosity of ν= 1 mm2/s (1 cSt).
The NPSH curve is a mean curve obtained in the same conditions as the performance curves.
The continuous curves represent the recommended working range. The broken curve is only a guide.
To prevent overheating, the pumps should not be used below 10% of the maximum efficiency flow rate.

When selecting the pump, make allowance for a safety margin of at least 1 m.

Symbols: Q = Flow rate [m3/h]

H = Head [m]
P 1 = Power draw from power line
P 2 = Power delivery to motor shaft (pump power draw)
η = Pump efficiency
NPSH = Net positive suction head required by the pump
MEI = Minimum Efficiency Index

The minimum efficiency index (MEI) measures the quality of a pump in relation to its efficiency.
The minimum efficiency index is based on hydraulic performance and refers to the maximum efficiency point.

The efficiency of a pump with turned impeller is generally lower than that of a pump with full impeller diameter.
Turning of the impeller adapts the pump to a fixed work point, resulting in lower energy consumption.
The minimum efficiency index (MEI) is based on the maximum diameter of the impeller.

The operation of the pump for water with variable operating points can be efficient and cost-convenient if it is controlled, for example, through a
variable-speed motor that adjusts the pump's operation to the system.

The contents of this publication must not be regarded as binding. EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A. reserves the right to effect any modification it deems necessary, without prior notice.

Your Life, our Quality. Worldwide. 219 Booster