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ELECTRICAL INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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1.0 SCOPE

This manual covers the procedures for field inspection and testing of Electrical Works and
installation prior to commissioning.

2.0 REFERENCES

The following specification and procedure shall be referred to as necessary when this
manual:

1) Design Criteria for Electrical

2) Field Inspection Forms

3.0 GENERAL

3.1 Witness
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The inspections and tests for commissioning shall be witnessed by --------- and Client and
according to Field Inspection Procedure.

3.2 Safety Procedure

3.2.1 General Procedures

1) Whenever inspections and tests are to be performed on electrical facilities, safety

should be the primary consideration at all times. To assure the safety of testing and
construction personnel, assume that:

 Wiring are correct, Motors are connected to run in correct direction

 Phases are different across bus tie breaker
 Everything needs checking

2) Use rubber gloves when working on electrical equipment power on rated above 50
Volts. Always wear shoes with good electrical insulating properties, i.e. with rubber
soles.

3) Safety assurance during the testing of electrical system cannot be over

emphasis. Wherever possible, all power sources must be isolated by opening and with
drawing the breakers. Tag all breakers and padlock switches, if necessary.

4) Unauthorized personnel must be kept away from test work. Rope off the
area if necessary. Erect warning signs. Plan ahead and think before acting. One good
way to avoid trouble is to write down the sequence before proceeding with a complex
or hazardous inspection or test.

3.2.2 Transformers

1) Remember that certain test equipment, such as megger and dielectric test sets,
can cause painful. If not lethal, shocks. Be careful when working with
transformers, low voltages applied to the secondary windings can procedure
extremely high voltages if theirs primaries are excited.

2) Remember that open – circuit of secondary windings of current transformers can

produce extremely high voltages if theirs primaries are excited.

3) All secondary of power transformers should be short circuit whenever their loads
are removed. For example, an ammeter may be required for calibration. The
current transformer to which the ammeter is connected should be short circuited
when the ammeter is removed.

3.2.3 Switch-gear and Control Centres

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1) When working on any circuit, be sure to positively identify the specific source
breaker (s) and then lock it open and tag it. In the case of draw out or vertical lift
type gear, draw out the breaker from its operating position. Make sure that
personnel working on the equipment are familiar with the test procedures. Make
sure that the breaker is locked open.

2) Serious accident may result from improper switch-gear cannot be

mounted in a rack correctly, switching the breaker must not be forced.

3.2.4 Cables

1) Establish that the circuit is dead by testing in with a high voltage detector (glow
stick) or, in the case of low voltage circuit, use a voltage tester.

2) Make sure that the glow stick, voltmeter, or voltage tester is in

working order, by checking it against a live cable or test device both before and
after the circuit check.

3) In addition to these test, the source circuit breaker should be opened and tagged.
Only after these precautions have been taken, the testing and checking or circuits
can begin.

4) When a long cable is impressed with a voltage and megger used during tests, the
cable can still give a painful kick after the source is removed. Before allowing
personnel to work on the cable, the cable must be discharge by connecting an
insulated wire to ground.

3.2.5Motors

Before any work is done a motor, ensure that the motor controller has been
disconnected and tagged out. If possible, ground the motor feeder.

If it is necessary to remove a motor for repair, always remember to reconnect the

ground between the motor and frame when reinstalling.

4.0 INSPECTION AND TEST

4.1 Purpose

The inspection and test described in this manual shall be carried out at suitable
occasions, both during and after the installation or erection of the electrical facilities.
The standard inspection items for commissioning tests are shown on the Field
Inspection Procedure.
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4.2 Transformer

The following shall be checked, inspected or tested:

1) The rating on the nameplate correct
2) The meets the area classification where the transformer is installed
3) Inspect paint work and equipment for damage
4) The bushing seals satisfactory
5) The oil level correct and no leakage
6) The valve and pipe plugs correct and tight
7) Mounting and mounting supports
8) Shipping supports / packing removed
9) The gland mounting plate suitable for magnetic flux
10) The terminal box seals satisfactory
11) The bolting and gaskets tight satisfactory
12) Dehydrator of breather is good
13) The gas relay operates satisfactory. Test the alarm and trip Circuit of the gas relay.
14) The pressure relief devices
15) The tap setting switch continuity
16) The bolting, clamping, etc. of neutral connection complete
17) The equipment grounding connection with network continuity
18) The polarity of terminals and phase sequence correct
19) Measure installation resistance of the high and low tension winding
20) High voltage test of the winding
21) Measure the dielectric strength of the insulation oil
4.3 Switchboard assemblies

This section describes the requirements for high tension and low tension
distribution boards and motor control boards. The following shall be checked,
inspected or tested:

1) The rating of the name plate and the switchboard layout

2) No unauthorized modification
3) The board assembly, bolting, and levelling satisfactory
4) The bus-bar connections and support, control bus-bar, neutral bar connections
complete and tight
5) The paint work and equipment for damage
6) The safety features satisfactory
7) The capacity and rating of the fuses in use correct. The gauge rating of the
plug cartridge fuse bases correct
8) The capacity and rating of the air circuit breaker correct. The current setting
and tripping correct.
9) The contract of the mechanisms for correct alignment
10) Clamping and termination in good condition
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11) Test the heaters

12) High tension switch-gear shall be tested with the higher voltage
13) The circuit numbering correct
14) Calibrate relays and measuring instruments. The rating and capacity of the
current transformer correct. The rating of the potential transformers, fuses and
fuse holders correct.
15) CT primary injection (if required) and secondary injection
16) PT polarity & phase rotation correct
17) Measure the indicating and signal lamp or devices
18) Measure insulation resistance
19) The interlocks and controls correct
20) The final setting of the relays setting
21) The phase rotation and the polarity of the electrical distribution system correct

4.4 Current Transformer and Voltage Transformer

The following shall be checked, inspected, tested:

1) Check for loss of terminals and labels on terminal boards as stated in the
wiring diagram
2) Check for the ratio and polarity
3) Check for the phasing of a three (3) phase voltage transformer or a bank of
three (3) single phase transformers

4.5 Electric Motor

The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested:

1) The rating on the name plate correct
2) The design meets the area classification
3) Remove the shaft blocking device for transport *
4) The coupling alignment and rotor end play satisfactory *
5) Rotate the motor by hand *
6) The bearings, grease packing, grade and quality of grease, oil level and oil
rings in good condition *
7) The bolting and weatherproofing of the terminal box complete and tight. The
terminal connections correct and tight.
8) Test the anti condensation heater
9) The cable end bells and glands complete and tight
10) The equipment grounding connection continuity
11) The components of the cooling system in good condition
12) Test the insulation resistance
13) The direction of rotation correct
14) Run the motor uncoupled and check the bearings for overheating
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15) Check the vibrating during the uncoupled run

16) Stop the motor and reassemble the coupling. Check the alignment
17) The push button station for correct installation
18) Measure that dielectric absorption ratio for the high voltage motor
19) Measure the starting seconds of the coupled unit
20) Measure the insulation resistance
21) Before motor is tested in running mode the switchboard shall be functionally
checked.
22) Measure no-load and load current of the motor
Note : Item marked with (*) shall be done by Machinery & Electrical Group

4.6 Cables

The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested:

1) The cable tray and trench clean and free from foreign object, sharp edges
2) The size and installation correct against the approved drawings
3) The circuit indication and terminal numbering correct and firm
4) The cable glands complete and tight
5) The clamps and connections of the single conductor cables tight and
suitable for magnetic flux
6) Dressing the cables
7) The cable termination and connections correct and tight
8) The cable protection for mechanical damage
9) The cable tray correct and rigid
10) High voltage test for cables (those rated above 600 V)
11) Measure the insulation resistance
12) The electrical continuity and no cross connection of conductors for parallel
feeders
13) The grounding connections complete
14) The underground cable joints complete and meet instruction

4.7 Grounding System

Inspection shall be carried out as follows:

1) The grounding joints complete and tight. Underground joints should be

checked by Client before back – filling
2) Measure the resistance of each electrode
3) The grounding continuity of the grounding system
4) The size of the wires and installation correct against the approved drawing
5) The installation of the electrode satisfactory
6) The wire protection for mechanical damage to the system
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4.8 Lighting System

The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested:
1) The enclosure for area classification
2) The number and location of equipment correct
3) The distribution panel circuit numbering and loading correct
4) The switch ratings and the fuse rating correct
5) The weatherproofing of the cable glands satisfactory
6) The feeder size correct
7) The equipment grounding complete and tight
8) The operation of photoelectric cells, magnetic control switches, etc.
satisfactory
9) The insulation resistance of each circuit
10) Measure the illumination level
11) The lighting circuit connection correct for circuit numbering / identification
12) Measure the voltage at each socket
13) Check the phase rotation at each welding outlet

4.9 Miscellaneous

4.9.1 Capacitors
The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested :
1) The enclosure for area classification
2) The rating and location correct with the approved drawing
3) The rating of the use correct
4) Measure the insulation resistance

4.9.2 Batteries and Battery Charger

The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested:
1) The rating on the nameplate of chargers correct
2) The battery rating, voltage and ampere-hours correct
3) The connected loads as the approved drawings
4) The specific gravity of the electrolyte in each cell per specified value
5) The level of liquid in each cell within the limit
6) The protective devices of the battery charger, fuses, relays etc. Correct.
7) The connections of cables correct and tight
8) The exhaust, ventilation, and drainage facilities of the battery rooms in good
condition
9) The equipment grounding complete
10) The batteries complete charging

4.9.3 Emergency Power System

The following shall be checked, inspected, or tested:
1) The rating on the name plate correct
2) The board assembly, bolting, and levelling satisfactory
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3) The equipment grounding complete

4) The interlock and control correct
5) The phase rotation and polarity correct
6) Measure the insulation resistance
7) Check the operation of change-over

4.9.4 Relays and Control Devices

The Following shall be checked:
1) Rating and range per setting data. Whether the ranges of the current and
voltage transformer are adequate
2) All blocking materials removed
3) The operation satisfactory
4) Adjust the relays and devices to the correct duty point per setting data.

4.9.5 Fire Alarm System

The following shall be checked and tested:
1) Measure installation resistance
2) Operation of manual fire alarm station, main and auxiliary control panels

5.0 TEST METHODS

5.1 Insulation Resistance Test

5.1.1 The insulation Resistance shall be measured with an appropriate megger

5.1.2 Voltage applied by the megger shall be as follows:

1) Fire alarm and telephone system – 250 V

2) Circuit rated at 600 V and below – 500 V
3) Circuit rated at 600 V and above – 1,000 V
4) Voltage shall be applied until the pointer remains steady.

5.1.3 Charged energy shall be discharge after taking a ready.

5.1.4 Complete an insulation resistance test data sheet

5.2 High Voltage Test

This test shall be applied to switch-gear transformer primary winding and cable and etc,
having rating more than 600 V. The switch-gear and cable shall be tested separately, with
the circuit breaker open, as shown the following procedure:

1) Measure the instrument resistance.

2) If the insulation resistance measured is satisfactory, connect the high voltage
equipment, as shown in the following Figure 3 (AC and DC High Voltage Test
Equipment)
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3) Increase the voltage gradually to the required valve. Refer to Section 6 for the
voltage to be applied.
4) Read and record the voltage and the leakage current when the voltage steadies
at required voltage.
5) Maintain the voltage for the time specified in Section 6.
6) Shut of the voltage, and discharge any residual voltage
7) Measure the insulation resistance before.
8) Complete a high – voltage test data sheet for every test.

5.3 Grounding Resistance Test.

5.3.1 Grounding resistance shall be measured with a grounding tester.

5.3.2 Grounding resistance shall be measured at teach electrode.

5.3.3 Complete a grounding resistance test data sheet for every test.

5.4 Grounding Continuity Test

Before back-filling the grounding wiring, make a visual check of the underground
connections. Measure the electric continuity with a circuit tester, according to the
following sequence:

1) Apply the circuit tester between all grounding electrodes, as shown in the
following Figure 5 (1st step).
2) Apply the circuit tester between the grounding electrode and the nearest
connected equipment, as shown in the figure, (2 nd step).
3) Apply the circuit tester between adjacent connected equipment, as shown in the
figure (3rd step).
4) Using the same procedure, check the resistance between all connected
equipment and grounding electrodes.
5) Complete a grounding Continuity test data sheet for every test.
5.5 Electrical Continuity Test
Measure electrical continuity with a circuit tester, according to the following
procedure:
1) Bond the conductor and metal sheet at one end of the cable with a wire clip.
2) Apply the circuit tester between the same conductor and metal sheath.
3) Using the same procedure, check the electrical continuity between all procedure.
4) Complete a cable test data sheet for every test.
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5.6 Polarity Test

This test shall be applied to power transformers, according to the following
procedure:

1) Connect primary terminal “C” and secondary terminal “c”.

2) Connect a temporary test power source to the primary side of the transformer
and switch on.
3) Measure the Voltage between each terminal as follows:

A – a …..…………………….. V

A – b ………………………… V

B – a ………………………… V

B – b ………………………… V

If the following vector diagram is obtained, the winding is correctly arranged.

1) Complete a power transformer polarity test data sheet for every test.

5.7 Oil Insulation Test

This test shall be applied to electrical insulation oil. Two samples shall be taken from the
insulating oil. Each sample shall be tested according to the following procedure:
1) Make the connection:
The testing vessel electrodes shall be cleaned, dried, and rinsed with a little of the
insulating oil to be tested.
2) Take a sample of the insulating oil from the transformer etc. Do not uncork the
sample until its temperature equals the ambient temperature at the place of test.
3) Maintain the ambient temperature during the test at 15 – 35 oC.
4) Fill the testing vessel with the sample and wait approximately 3 minutes, until oil
bubbles have disappeared.
5) Increase the test voltage by 3 kV per second until breakdown occurs.
6) Repeat the procedure five times for the same in the testing vessel and record the
results.
7) Complete an insulation oil test data sheet for every test.
The breakdown voltage of the insulating oil shall be determined by calculating the
arithmetical average of five breakdown voltage recorded are not used in the
calculation.

5.8 Interlock and Control Test

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With the switch-gear control circuit energized, each circuit breaker shall be checked, at any
positions and again at the operating position, according to the following procedure:

1) Close the circuit breaker and open it from the control switch and remote control panel.
2) Trip the circuit breaker by each electrically operated trip-device.
3) Test the lockout device in the closing circuit for proper operation by simulating
conditions in which a lockout would occur.
4) Complete a sequence test data sheet for every test.

5.9 Current Transformer Test

5.9.1 Polarity Check (Kick Test)

Each current transformer shall be individually tested to verify that the primary and
secondary polity markings are correct. A low voltage battery is issued, via a single-
pole push-button switch to energize the primary winding. When polarity are as shown
below, on closing the push-button, the DC ammeter should give a positive flick and
on opening, a negative flick.

5.9.2 Ratio Check (Primary Injection Test)

1) This check usually carried out during the primary injection tests.

2) Current passed through the primary conductors and is measured on the test set
ammeter (A1) as below.

3) The secondary current is measured on the (A2) and the ratio of the reading on A1
to that on A2 should approximate to the ratio marked on the current transformer
name plate.

4) Connect injection leads on the primary circuit of CT using primary junction device.

5) Check the secondary loop of the CT is complete.

6) Confirm other CT secondary terminals by re-temporary wire.

NOTE : To prevent burn-out of low-energy type relay coil, temporary jumper wire
shall be connected as shown above.

1) Injection the current as same value of CT primary (as possible) and confirm the
CT ratio measuring the CT’s secondary current.

2) Record the test results and complete the test report

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3) Complete the test reports

4.6 Voltage Transformer

4.6.1 Polarity Check (Kick Test)

1) The voltage transformer polarity can be checked with the test described for the
current transformer.

2) Care must be taken to connect the battery supply to primary winding, with the
polarity ammeter connected to the secondary winding.

4.6.2 Ratio Check

1) This test can be carried out when main circuit is first made alive.

2) The voltage input to main circuit is compared with the secondary voltage of the
reference voltage transformer as bellow.

3) Record the result and complete the test report.

4) Complete the test report

4.6.3 Phasing Check

To the main secondary connection for 3 phase voltage transformer or a bank or 3

single-phase transformers.

1) With the main circuit alive, the secondary voltage between the phases and
neutral must be measured to verity that the phase relationship is correct.
2) Check the phase rotation with a phase rotation meter connected across three
phase.
3) Record the test result and complete the test report.

4.7 Protective Relay Test

4.7.1 Inverse-Time Relay Calibration and Test

1) Using a relay tester with a third harmonic filter, set the relay in accordance
with the Relay Setting List

2) Connect injection leads on the CT secondary terminals or CT Terminal block

with out disconnecting the permanent wiring.
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3) Confirm the relay tap on the time dial per setting record. Note relay unit
should be separately confirmed functionally good before this test.

4) The minimum pick up to the relay, and the calibration of the relay, shall be
tested as follows:

 Rotate the armature disk by hand to the midpoint of its full travel. Mark a
red target line both on the disk and on a stationary part.

 Increase the input current to the set up value and monitor the armature
disk when it starts to rotate.

 If the disk does not start to rotating at the set tap current, increase the
current slightly.

 Check the disk to stop movement at the centre where red marks to match
to each other.

5) Optional Test

 Set the input current at 300 % of the set tap value.

 Set the cycle counter and input the 300 % current through the coil. Count
the time duration of operation.

 Repeat the procedure with a 600 % tap current.

 Record the test results and complete the reports.

4.7.2 Instantaneous Relay Test.

1) Set the relay in accordance with the project specification.

2) Input current of the set tap value and confirm the relay to pick-up

4.8 Dielectric Absorption Test

4.8.1 The procedure of this test shall be the same as that for the insulation
resistance test, except for the applied voltage of 2500 V.

4.8.2 For motors and generator rated below 1,100 kW, take readings at 30
second and 60 second intervals to determine the electric absorption ratio.

4.8.3 For motors and generator of 1,100 kW and larger, take readings at one
minute of 10 minutes intervals to determine the polarization index.
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4.8.4 Calculations the ratios from the following formulas:

1) Dielectric the ratios from the following formulas:

60 second reading
30 second reading
2) Polarization Index:
10 minutes reading
1 minute reading

4.8.5 Depending of the type of test, complete a dielectric absorption ratio data sheet, for
every test.

4.9 Lighting Circuit Test

After satisfactory insulation resistance values have been obtained, the lighting
circuit shall be tested according to the following procedure:
1) Turn of all the branch switches in the lighting panel.

2) Energize the distribution circuit up the lighting panel

3) Check the voltage between all panels, and between each phase and the
neutral conductor, at the buses of the of the lighting panel.

4) Turn on one branch circuit switch and check the illuminated lighting fitting
in accordance with the lighting drawing.

5) Check all the branch circuits one by one, using the same procedure.

6) Check and record the illumination level on a plot plan drawing of the area
involved showing the illumination level data. Marked points on the map.
Test level shall equal at least the values in service. As minimum, these
check points shall include:

a) One point every 3 meters on illuminated vessel platforms, not less

than 1.0 meters from directly underneath a luminaries.

b) One point in each area where personnel may walk; also between
exchanger, vessels, or pump.
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c) At least 6 points in control room in front of the control board for

horizontal values of illumination, and 1 point every 3 meters in back of
control board.

d) Every in pump row, pipe alley, opening area not less than 1.0 meter
from directly underneath a luminaries.

e) Four points in each room of a control building and four points in each
miscellaneous building.

7) Complete a lighting circuit test data sheet for every test.

4.10 Electrical Distribution System Phase Rotation Check and Polarity Test.

Before energize the electrical panel by permanent power phase rotation and
polarity shall be checked at the following point by using the temporary low voltage
power.

a) Between 6.3 kV normal line and 6.3 kV emergency line from Diesel Engine
Generator Set.

b) Between the 6.3 kV lines on Main Switch-gear of Main Station.

4.11 Motor Uncoupled Run Test.

All test and inspections of the motor, such as visual inspections, insulation
resistance measurements, and sequence check, shall be completed before making a
motor no-load running test. Other checks are as follows:
1) Check that the motor can be easily turned over by hand.
2) Ensure that the coupling is correctly aligned and the motor is fixed to its
foundation.
3) Using the starter, turn over each motor to check that it rotates in the
direction indicated by the rotation arrow. If not, reverse the connection
leads at the starter, or at the motor in necessary. Run the motor uncoupled
until the motor temperature reach saturation point.
4) Check the vibration, noise and bearing temperature. Use a thermometer to
check and record the bearing temperature. Do not try and determine the
temperature of the bearing housing by feeling. Defective bearings will show
up by being noisy or by overheating.
5) Complete a motor uncoupled run test data sheet for every test.

5.0 MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE VALUES

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5.1 Insulation Resistance

5.1.1 In case of the electrical wiring for AC up to 600 Volts or DC up 50 Volts,
individual electrical wiring which can be isolated by switching devices, such
as circuit breakers, cut outs, disconnecting switches, oil cut outs and oil
switches, shall not fall below the following minimum insulation resistance
values between conductors, and between each conductor and ground:

Conductors Voltage to Ground Resistance

Up to 380 V Voltage to ground (for grounded) 0.1 M-Ohm

Voltage between conductor that

Is grounded for ungrounded
Circuits, when the largest voltage
Between a conductor and any
other circuit conductor) is below
150 Volts.

Ditto Other that above 0.2 M-Ohm

Over 300 V - 0.2 M-Ohm
5.2 High Voltage Test
5.2.1 Electrical circuit having an AC voltage over 600 Volts or DC over 750 Volts,
shall be subjected to the following high – voltage test.

An AC voltage shall be applied for 10 minutes between the circuit and

ground, as follows:

Maximum Utilization Voltage Test Voltage

a) 601 – 7,000 Volts Maximum utilization

Voltage V x 1.5 V

b) 7,001 – 60,000 Volts Maximum Utilization

Voltage V x 1.5 V
minimum10,500V

c) An AC system having Maximum Utilization

An essentially solid Volt. V x 0.92 V
Grounded neutral and
Voltage of :
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7,001 –15,000 Volts

5.2.2 Electric Cable

A DC test voltage shall be applied for 10 minutes to cables. The test voltage
should be applied between conductors and conductors to ground as follows:

Maximum Utilization Voltage Test Voltage

a) 601 – 7,000 Volts Maximum utilization

Voltage x 1.5 x 2V

b) 7,001 – 60,000 Volts Maximum utilization

Volt. x 1.25 x 2V
(Min. 21,000 V)

d) An AC system having an Max. Utilization Essentially solid

grounded Volt. x 0.92 x 2 V
Neutral and maximum
Utilization voltage of:
7,001 – 15,000 Volts

5.2.3 AC and DC Motor and Generator

An AC voltage shall be applied for 10 minutes between each winding and
ground of AC and DC motors and generators as follows:

Maximum Utilization Voltage Test Voltage

a) Up to 7,000 Volts Maximum utilization

voltage V x 1.5 V
(Min. 500 Volts)

b) Over 7,000 Volts Maximum utilization

voltage V x 1.25 V
(Min. 10,500 V)

5.2.4 Transformer, Current – Limiting Reactors Instrument Transformers

An AC voltage shall be applied for 10 minutes between each winding to be

tested and ground.
Other windings, core, transformer tank, transformer case, etc. Shall be
grounded.
The test voltage are as follows:
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Maximum Utilization Voltage Test Voltage

a) Up to 7,000 Volts Max. Utilization
Voltage V x 1.5 V
(Min. 500 Volts)

b) Over 7,000 Volts Max. Utilization

Volt. V x 1.25 V
(Min.11,000V
when less than
10,4999V)

c) An AC system having Max. Utilization

An essentially solid Volt. V x 0.92 V
grounded utilization
Voltage of:
7,001 – 15,5000 Volts

5.2.5 Switches, Circuit – Breakers, Power Capacitors, Bus-bars, Feeders

An AC voltage shall be applied to main circuits, between the conductors and

ground for 10 minutes. The test voltage are as follows:

Maximum Utilization Voltage Test Voltage

a) Up to 7,000 Volts Max. Utilization

Voltage V x 1.5 V
(Min. 500 Volts)

b) Over 7,000 Volts Max. Utilization

Volt. V x 1.25 V

c) An AC system having Max. Utilization

an essentially solid volt. V x 0.92 V
grounded neutral and
maximum utilization
voltage of :
7,001 – 15,000 Volts

5.2.6 Electrical wiring for AC up to 600 Volts or DC up to 750 Volts. Shall be

integrally so that leakage conductor, does not exceed ½, 000 of the
conductor.

Notes :
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1) The maximum utilization voltage is defined as the highest line-to-line

voltage which occurs at any time and at any point the system. This
terms includes temporary voltage variation due to sudden disconnection
of large loads, but excludes those due to fault conditions.

2) The maximum utilization voltage may be computed by multiplying the

nominal system voltage and the factor given below:

Nominal System Voltage Multiplying Factor

Up to 1,000 Volts 1.15

Over 1,000 Volts 1.10

3) The nominal system voltage is defined as the line to line voltage for
which the system is designated and installed. This is the voltage by
which a system is generally known, and is not necessary the same as
the rated voltage of every piece of apparatus connected to that system.

5.3 Grounding Resistance

Grounding resistance shall be as follows:

1) Total grounding resistance < 2 Ohms

2) A grounding electrode < 10 Ohms
3) A grounding electrode for Lighting Protection < 10 Ohms
4) Instrument grounding < 2 Ohms
5) System neutral grounding < 2 Ohms

5.4 Oil Insulation Test

Insulation oil have a minimum breakdown voltage of 30 kV AC.

5.5Dielectric Absorption Ration

The Dielectric absorption ratio is as follows:
= 60 seconds reading > = 1.25
30 seconds reading

5.6Polarization Index
The polarization index is as follows :
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= 10 minutes reading > = 2.0

1 minute reading