International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No.

1, February 2017

Network Marketing Strategies in Sale and Marketing

Products Based on Advanced Technology in Micro-
Enterprises
M. Rezvani, S. Ghahramani and R. Haddadi

 products with the use of social communication tools and

Abstract—New products based on modern technologies networks that promotes its products with the use of verbal
(high-tech), in order to enter the market, face a number of marketing that has eliminated traditional intermediaries and
challenges such as high investment required for research and no longer requires expensive advertisement procedures to
development of these products, high cost of labor force, high
achieve its goals [1]-[5]. Network marketing is a way for
cost of products, making profit at advanced stages, low life
expectancy, high level of associated risks and required spreading information on a product to consumers via social
innovation. In terms of marketing these products, issues such communication channels. Trading between the seller and the
as centralized decision making by the manager or the owner, consumer in the market only occurs when the consumer
dynamic environment, existence of larger competitors with possesses a certain level of information on the product.
higher resources and influence in the market, high expectation Companies often spend enormous amounts on promotion of
of customers and lack of resources are just some of the issues
their new products. The important point to mention is that,
to mention.
In this study the effects and functionality of network
with increasing cost of advertisements, the final price of the
marketing strategies such as reduction of costs, increase in the product is also increased which in effect reduces the profit
rate of sales, brand making, job creation, effective networking, of the company. Therefore, in order to transfer information
high level of innovative potentials, and increase in liquidity as to the consumers, companies look into alternative low-cost
the result of growth of sales; which itself is obtained by viral methods for promoting and positioning their products in the
marketing and its expansion to a social networking site with market. One of these alternative methods is to use human
exchanges of social capital has been investigated. The statistical
population are a number of small scale companies providing
relations within social networks efficiently. By using
microfiber Nano silver cleaning cloths based in the city of network marketing method, not only companies no longer
Tehran. The research method which has been used in this need to spend heavily on advertisements, the potential
research is qualitative research method. buyers will also experience a higher level of trust and
The results of the research show that by providing a security in their shopping behavior by obtaining information
favorable reward plan in network marketing, microenterprises from people around them [6]-[9].
offering high-tech products can overcome many of their
Taking into account the information provided on abilities
problems and difficulties in presenting, selling and promoting
their products in the market. and capabilities of network marketing and special marketing
of new High-Tech products, this study intends to look into
Index Terms—Microenterprises, network marketing, social and identify functions and solutions associated with network
network, social capital, viral marketing. marketing of high-tech products in microenterprises. In
order to implement the results, companies offering
microfiber Nano silver cleaning cloths as a high-tech
I. INTRODUCTION product in Tehran have been selected for the purpose of this
Fundamental changes during the past century have had a study.
staggering effect on every aspect of human life.
Management systems and commercial relationships are
some of the most important factors in advancement of II. LITERATURE REVIEW
technology, information and methods of work that have
A. The Concept of Network Marketing
experienced fundamental transformation and evolution. The
marketing system with daily innovation in creating new and The concept of network marketing of the healthy, legal
modern methods, have created and provided a new type is used in some cases as equivalent to “direct
environment for marketing mix (product, price, distribution marketing.” In this method, the producer sells its goods
and promotion) of a variety of products or services to the through the people and customers themselves rather than
consumer’s market. through distribution agents with a high percentage of
Network marketing is a modern method of selling commission. Thus, a network of customers who are willing
to help the producer with the sale task while benefitting

themselves take charge of the goods marketing and sale
tasks via a contract. In some cases in the literature, network
Manuscript received December 12, 2016; revised January 20, 2017. marketing is also referred to as “multi-layer marketing” [3].
M. Rezvani and S. Ghahramani are with the University of Tehran, Iran Network marketing is one of the several ways of activity
(e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]).
R. Haddadi is with the Board of Sita Tejarat, Iran (e-mail: in the area of goods and service distribution. In this method,
[email protected]).

doi: 10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.1.535 32
 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2017

the company employs a network of distributors to sell its their sales force through “recruitment” and “training” of
products to the user. The distributors sell the products to the other participants in order to sell products [3], [10]. The
final user not at a fixed retail store but through interpersonal literature review of network marketing has provided in
communication. They are also allowed to make and manage Table I.
TABLE I: LITERATURE REVIEW OF NETWORK MARKETING
Concept Researcher Year The Emphasized aspects and Variables

[3] Behavioral Growth and potential revenue aspects in both single-level and binary structure
2008
of the network assessment

[2] Behavioral Growth and potential revenue aspects in both single-level and binary structure
2008
of the network assessment
Network Marketing

[11] Network Marketing by increasing communication skills, presentation skills, motivation

2007 levels, and the inner personal skills are potential tools for the socio - economic
development.

[9] Attracting customers to their interested products and giving representative ship through
2007
online-based marketing expert system.

[12] Attracting more customers using the network marketing and the development of previous
2007 models by using data on the network, and Ranking network neighbors into smaller
groups.

Social Network or Social Capital can be described as complex networks of the society capable
Social networks consist of powerful interpersonal of guiding and screening information based on cultural
communication such as friendship, kinship, and long-term identity. Social capital also addresses the control of
cooperation with members of other groups or companies allocation of scarce resources available to entrepreneurs.
based on social communication [13]. The Literature review Social capital forms behavior based on cultural values, so
of social capital has provided in Table II. that the more powerful the social capital, the richer the
Sociological studies of native entrepreneurs confirm that cultural values [14].
social capital is the very social networks. Network capital
TABLE II: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Concept Researcher Year The Emphasized aspects and Variables

[15] 2010 Positive and negative effects and impact of structural dimensions of social capital or
dense and sparse networks in creating incremental and fundamental innovations.
Capital
Social

[16] 2008 Mutual trust in social capital plays an important role in the acquisition of knowledge,
companies success and facilitation of knowledge flow compromise between companies,
and social capital plays and strategic role in building sustainable competitive
advantages

Marketing in Small and Medium Companies The operation of marketing is restricted in small and
Small and medium companies are one of the most medium companies for many reasons. The reasons include
important parts of job creation in the economy. It is very low resources (like financial and human), conception of
important, therefore, to increase conception of the key operation, skills, and insight [24], weak money supply, lack
factors effective on their success. Review of the literature of marketing skills, company size, tactical and strategic
demonstrates that in order to achieve their goals, small and problems concerning the customer [25], [26]. The Literature
medium companies pursue marketing differently from the review of small enterprises has provided in Table III.
way in which large companies do it [17], [18], [19], [20].
Researchers all agree that marketing is different in small
and medium companies than in large ones [21], [22], [23].
TABLE III: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SMALL ENTERPRISES
Concept Researcher Year The Emphasized aspects and Variables

Small [27] 2006 Small businesses have an inappropriate working physical condition, and organizational
Enterprises health and safety management systems than large businesses, but on the other hand have
better psychological conditions.
[28] 2002 In terms of internationalization and market development, small businesses have some
major difficulties. Complementary assets are considered a threat to them. Marketing
skills, distribution and access to financial resources and mechanisms are some of their
main weaknesses and pricing level is one of their main strengths.

shortage of capital, high costs, and lack of experts. New

III. SUMMARY
products based on modern technology are also confronted
Issues that retail companies are faced with include with problems upon entry to the market such as great

33
 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2017

investment of the research and development sector, high effects on the market, customers’ great expectations, and
workforce cost, high product prices, obtaining premature lack of effective resources. The network marketing strategy
benefit, their short lifetimes, high risk-taking, and also has functions such as cost reduction, sale rate increase,
innovation. On the other hand, marketing these products is branding, job creation, networking power, high innovation
also affected by factors such as centralized decision-making power, and money supply increase resulting from sale
on the part of the manager or owner, dynamic environment, growth, made by viral marketing and its extension into a
presence of greater competitors with higher resources and social network through social capital exchange.

Network Marketing Requirements: Social Capital Aspects:

- Social Networks (Social Capital) - Structural Aspect (Communicating)

- Appropriate Rewarding Plan - Relationship Aspect (Making Trust)

Network
Using viral Marketing - Cognitive Aspect (Creating Mutual
Marketing
Values)
Strategy Network Marketing Functions:

- Reducing Cost Technology Based Micro-Enterprises:

- Increasing Sale -Capital Shortage
- Branding -R&D High Cost
- Job Creation -Sales and Distribution High Cost
- Networking -Difficulties in Introducing the Product
- Innovation on the Market
- Increasing Liquidity Fig. 1. The Model of research.

Fig. 2. Steps of qualitative data Analysis [29].

Performing this step requires the coding table to be

IV. 3-8- METHOD OF INFORMATION ANALYSIS drawn. The diagram demonstrated the relationships
The method of qualitative content analysis and data and between the causal conditions, strategies, environmental
category coding has been used. conditions, and particular grounds and resulting
consequences.
3-8-1- Coding Method In qualitative data analysis, the researcher states his
It was performed with the “open-axial” method in the interpretation of what he has seen, heard, and perceived, and
following two steps: tries to provide a picture of the problem under investigation
 In the first step, open coding, we formed the information including reports of different points of view, identification
categories (classes) through fractionating and studying of several factors effective in a situation, etc. [29].
the information, and specified the core and subsidiary
categories using the collected data.
 In the second step, we selected open coding for axial V. RESULTS CONCERNING THE MAIN QUESTION
coding of a category, and investigated it as the core
The main research question is “what are the functions and
category or phenomenon at the center of the process, and
solutions of network marketing for marketing and sale of
then associated the rest of the categories to it.
new products based on advanced technology?” In view of

34
 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2017

the results obtained from the research, network marketing sale and provide information on new products using a
can have the following functions and solutions in marketing network of independent vendors. Subsequently, [5] believes
and sale of new products based on advanced technology in that products are presented in this strategy directly by the
microenterprises, which have been included in the case independent distributors to the final users, and they charge a
study obtained from the theoretical foundations and field commission in return for selling the products. Each of these
study of the companies under investigation: distributors can also introduce other distributors, and the
primary distributor also charges an amount as commission
A. Functions of Network Marketing
in return for the secondary distributor’s sale, and value
The functions of network marketing based on the added will be made for the sale network and users by the
theoretical foundations and qualitative research in this commissions paid, and will lead to job creation.
project include:
5) Viral marketing
1) Cost reduction
Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews
One of the issues involved in microenterprises is their made according to Coded Table and the theoretical
high costs. Analysis of the data obtained from the foundations, face-to-face selling and marketing to family
theoretical foundations and interviews in Coded Table members, relatives, and acquaintances in man-to-man
demonstrates that man-to-man or network marketing leads marketing, suggesting the function of viral marketing in
to reduction of advertisement, distribution, and market network marketing, which has led to advertisement for the
research costs, costs concerning test of goods, sale unit
above users’ knowledge and goods sale and distribution.
training costs, costs concerning embellishment and
which is in complete accordance with [31] belief, who
decoration of the store showcase, and human force costs,
hold that in network marketing, people provide their friends
which has been significantly effective on reduction of their
and acquaintances with information concerning products or
costs and increase in their money supply.
services by verbally supporting them, and recommend that
2) Sale Increase they use the products. This state of affairs is also referred to
Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews as viral marketing.
made according to Coded Table and the theoretical 6) Networking
foundations, sale volume and rate increased through further
Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews
attraction of independent vendors and the value added made
made according to Coded Table and the theoretical
for users.
Confirming the above statements, [30] hold that actual foundations, network marketing leads to relations made
products are used in the network marketing strategy, where among family members and relatives and independent
the purpose is to increase sale and provide information on vendors, and these relations can result in networking.
new products using a network of independent vendors. [5] Ref. [5] also believes that products are presented in this
also believes that products are presented in this strategy strategy directly by the independent distributors to the final
directly by the independent distributors to the final users, users, and they charge a commission in return for selling the
and they charge a commission in return for selling the products. Each of these distributors can also introduce other
products. Each of these distributors can also introduce other distributors, and the primary distributor also charges an
distributors, and the primary distributor also charges an amount as commission in return for the secondary
amount as commission in return for the secondary distributor’s sale.
distributor’s sale, and value added is made for the sale 7) Innovation
network and users by the commissions paid. Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews
3) Product branding made according to Coded Table and the theoretical
Based on the data obtained from this research according foundations, network marketing helps facilitate market
to Coded Table and the theoretical foundations, everybody research from the operational as well as cost reduction
agrees that network marketing proved very useful in aspect through permanent, continuous relations between
identifying and introducing goods and their quality and independent vendors and identify customers’ instant and
efficiency to users. future needs, and finally helps the business innovate in the
Ref. [12] also hold that in network marketing, people products. This is in line with [31] research, focused on the
provide their friends and acquaintances with information efficiency of network marketing in research on marketing
concerning products or services by verbally supporting them, and reduction of its costs.
and recommend that they use the products. B. Money Supply Increase
4) Job creation Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews
Based on the researcher’s findings from interviews made made according to Coded Table and the theoretical
with cleaning industry companies with products based on foundations, network marketing causes sale to increase, and
modern technology, according to Coded Table and the seeks to charge the users for the sold goods so that the
theoretical foundations, network marketing will cause independent vendors obtain their commissions faster. On the
motivation and attraction of independent vendors and, other hand, cost reduction is also one of the functions of
finally, job creation by attracting independent vendors network marketing. The sale increase and cost reduction
further and paying desirable commissions. functions lead to increase in the money supply of the
Ref. [30] Also hold that actual products are used in the company.
network marketing strategy, where the purpose is to increase

35
 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2017

C. Use of Social Networks along with Social Capital relational dimension (development of trust and sympathy),
Exchange and structural dimension (communication), which is in line
Based on the researcher’s findings from the interviews with the researcher’s findings.
made according to Coded Table and the theoretical
foundations, it is communication that makes the social
VI. CONCLUSION
network in network marketing, and it is social capital
exchange that develops trust and sympathy in the network, As shown in Table IV, the functions which are found in
and the common values and goals, such as higher product the research have been provided in nine groups that have
sale, are finally created. been extracted and interpreted through the interview coding
Furthermore, [32] consider three dimension for intra- program.
organizational social capital with an organizational
approach: the cognitive dimension (creation of common
values, which is one of the social capital concepts),
TABLE IV: NETWORK MARKETING FUNCTIONS FOUND IN RESEARCH
No. Network Marketing Functions Found in Research
Reducing the cost of advertising
Reducing distribution costs
1 Reducing cost Reducing the cost of market research
Reducing the cost of product testing
Reducing the unit cost of sales training
Reducing or eliminating the shop’s decoration
Reducing human resource cost
2 Attract more independent retailers
Sale Increase
The added value created for independent dealers and distributors
3 Branding Product and brand recognition

4 Attract more independent retailers

Job Creation
Pay good commission
5 Viral Marketing Face to face Sales and marketing to relatives
6 Networking with customers and independent distributors
Networking
7 Innovation Market research and understanding the customer needs
8 Sell more products in cash while reducing costs
Increasing Liquidity
9 Using a Social Network with
Communicating, creating trust and shared values
Social Capital Exchange

companies: A cross-national investigation,” Industrial Marketing

Management, issue 37, issues 6, pp. 664-676, 2008.
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES [5] Han, “The application of fuzzy decision method in the evaluation of
Regarding to the spatial scope of the study is limited to network Marketing,” in Proc. Sixth International Marketing
Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 2009.
cleaning companies that their products are Consumer [6] Saiffudin et al., “Social scenario of multi-level marketing in
products or Fast Moving Consuming Goods (FMCG) and Bangladesh,” Journal of Business Study, vol. XXVII, no. 1, 2006.
are based on Microfiber and Nano silver technology, [7] Zhiaqianng, “Research on network marketing pricing strategy of
Functions and network marketing strategies for other China’s sporting goods enterprises,” in Proc. International
Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in
products based on advanced technology can be investigated. Agricultural Engineering, 2010.
Moreover, we recommend that in future studies, [8] Wei et al., “Research on the ways of creative network marketing in e-
generalizability of the findings of the research and commerce,” in Proc. International conference on marketing and
digital society, 2010.
application in a wider range of space, time and Industry Be [9] Y. H. Wang and M. Qi, “Research and design of network marketing
checked. system based on expert system,” Grey Systems and Intelligent
Services, pp. 1475-1478, 2007.
[10] Delgado, “The impact of the recruiting and training practices on the
REFERENCES satisfaction and success in the network marketing distribution
[1] N. Pedrood, H. Ahmadi, and H. A. Charafeddine, “Systematic channel,” Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company, UMI
profitability analysis of binary network marketing organizations,” 9956514, 2000.
Direct Marketing: An International Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 81-96, [11] P. Sreekumar, “A study of multilevel marketing (MLM), as a
2008. potential tool for socio-economic development,” Institute of
[2] H. A. T. Kiet and B. J. Kim, “Network marketing with bounded Chartered Financial Analysts of India, pp.181-184, 2007.
rationality and partial information,” Statistical Mechanics and its [12] Hill et al., “Network-based Marketing: Identifying likely adopters via
Applications, vol. 387, Issue 19-20, pp. 4896-4902, 2008. consumer networks,” Institute of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 21, no.
[3] Legara et al., “Earning potential in multi-level marketing 2, pp. 256-276, 2006.
enterprises,” Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 387, [13] C. Lechner, M. Dowling, and I. Welpe, “Firm networks and firm
issue 19-20, pp. 4889-4895, 2008. development: The role of relational mix,” Journal of Business
[4] A.-G. Kwaku and L. M. De Luca, “Marketing’s lateral influence Venturing, issue 21, pp. 514-540, 2006.
strategies and new product team comprehension in high-tech

36
 International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2017

[14] D. Foley, “Does culture and social capital impact on networking Technology of University of Tehran in 2014; Acknowledgement for the
attributes of indigenous entrepreneurs?” Journal of Enterprising student thesis selection under the guidance of research at the university
Communities, no. 3, pp. 204-224, 2008. level in twenty third festival of University of Tehran, Written by Mr.
[15] A. Filieri, “Investigating the role of social capital in innovation: Morteza Khazaeipool, confirmed by the head of University of Tehran in
sparse versus dense network,” Journal of Knowledge Management, 2014; Certificate from the Deputy of the Ministry of Science, Research and
vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 891-909, 2010. Technology for being the scientific secretary of First National Brand and
[16] Mu et al., “Interfirm networks, social capital, and knowledge flow,” Knowledge-based Enterprises Conference on Science and Technology Park
Journal of knowledge management, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 86-100, 2008. of Qazvin in 2013, etc.
[17] M. L. Bell and E. C. William, “The faltering marketing concept,”
Journal of Marketing, vol. 35, pp. 37-42, 2008.
[18] R. Brooksbank, D. A. Kirby, D. Taylor, and D. Evans-Jones, Shahram Ghahramani graduated from Institute for
“Marketing in medium sized manufacturing firms: The state-of-the- Management and Planning Studies (IMPS) in Business
art in Britain,” European Journal of Marketing, vol. 33, no. 1/2, pp. administration field in 2015. He’s a Ph.D. candidate of
103-120, 1999. Marketing at University of Tehran.
[19] H. Liu, “Market orientation and firm size: An empirical examination His got the diploma of Project Management from
in UK firms,” European Journal of Marketing, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 57- KASKERT/Germany. His areas of specialization are in
71, 1995. marketing, export and import, international payments
[20] D. J. Pollard and M. W. Jemicz, “Marketing deficiencies and the methods, international banking, brand management, SME’s, international
internationalization of Czech SME’s,” International Journal of entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship and Small Business, vol. 3, no. 3/4, pp. 400- 416. He is Expert of International Department at City Bank (Shahr Bank) from
[21] N. E. Coviello, R. J. Brodie, and H. J. Munro “An investigation of Sep. 1, 2015 to Now.
marketing practice by firm size,” Journal of Business Venturing, vol. He has published some papers such as: M. Aghaei, A. Asadollahi et al.,
15, pp. 523-545, 2000. "The impact of store brand price –image on retailer equity dimensions
[22] G. Audrey, D. Carson, and K. Grant, “SME Marketing in practice,” among the customers of Etka chain stores of Tehran," J. Basic. Appl. Sci.
Marketing Intelligence & Planning, MCB UP Ltd, 2001. Res., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 873-879, 2013; M. Rezvani, S H. Ghahramani et al.,
[23] J. Hill, “A multidimensional study of the key determinants of "An investigation of viral marketing effects on costumer-based brand
effective SME marketing activity: Part 2,” International Journal of equity in mobile market," Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, vol.
Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 211-235, 18, no. 3, pp. 376-381, 2013.
2001b.
[24] D. Carson and S. Cromie, “Marketing planning in small enterprises:
A model and some empirical evidence,” The Journal of Consumer Ramin Haddadi has graduated in Entrepreneurship
Marketing, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 5-18, 1990. Management from University of Tehran, Faculty of
[25] I. Doole,‭ ‭T.‭ Grimes,‭ ‭and‭ ‭S.‭ ‭Demack,‭ ‭“An‭ ‭exploration‭ ‭of‭ ‭the‭ Entrepreneurship (Iran) in 2013.
‭management‭ ‭practices‭ ‭and processes‭ ‭most‭ ‭closely‭ ‭associated‭ ‭with‭ He was commercial manager and member of the Board of
‭high‭‭levels‭‭of‭‭export‭‭capability‭‭in‭‭SMEs,” Marketing‭‭Intelligence‭‭and‭ Triko Ramin Manufactoring and Export Company from
‭Planning‭,‭‭vol.‭‭24‭‭no.‭‭6,‭‭pp.‭‭632-47, 2006. 1992-1994; commercial manager of Triko Ramin
[26] J. D. Weinrauch, O. K. Mann, P. A. Robinson, and J. Pharr, Manufactoring and Export Company from 1994 to 1997;
“Dealing with limited financial resources: a marketing challenge for sales and marketing manager and member of the Board of
small business,” Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 29, no. Payam Peik Sadra from 1997 to 1999; The CEO and member of the board
4, pp.33-45, 1991. of Sorena Gostar Art & Cultural Institute from 2005 to 2008 And He is
[27] Sorensen et al., “Working in small enterprises — Is there a special commercial manager and member of the board of Sita Tejarat from 2008 to
risk?” Safety science, vol. 45, pp. 1044-1059, 2006. Now.
[28] Bernoider, “Factors in SWOT analysis applied to micro, small-to-
medium, and large software enterprises: An Austrian study,”
European Management Journal, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 562-573, 2002.
[29] J. W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Mixed Methods Approaches, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, USA,
2009.
[30] S. Li, B. Ragu-Nathan et al., “The impact of supply chain
management practices on competitive advantage and organizational
performance,” Omega The International Journal of Management
Science, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 107-124, 2006.
[31] A. Jamshid, “Faghihsedighehsadat; scientific and leagal consideration
of network marketing,” Publication of Majd, 2008.
[32] J. Nahapiet and S. Ghoshal, “Social Capital, Intellectual capital and
the organizational advantage,” Academy of management Review, vol.
23, no. 2, pp. 242-260, 1998.

Mehran Rezvani graduated from University of Tarbiat

Modares (Iran), Faculty of management and Economics,
International Marketing in 2010. He held a master
diploma in industrial management in 2006 and he is a
Ph.D. in International Marketing with the doctor degree.
Presently he is Assistant Professor and Faculty Member
in Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran
and teaches Entrepreneurial courses to MA and Ph.D.
students. His research activity can be observed in the following
achievements: A member of a National Elite Foundation of Iran; Select a
research project titled "Business Model of Resalat Qarz Bank in terms of
attracting and allocation of resources" as "The Practical Sample Model” in
the twenty-fourth Festival of Research and Technology at Tehran
University in 2015; “Dehkhoda Book of the Year” Award in the first period
Humanity Science faculty members across the country for the book titled
"International entrepreneurship" as one of five selected works published in
Iran since 2012-2014 and receive appreciation of both the Minister of
Science, Technology, Minister of labor, accompany with receiving reward
from the Minister of social welfare and the Minister of Islamic culture and
Minister of Ministry Of Science, Research And Technology in 2014;
“Young Researcher” award at the twenty-third Festival of Research and

37