Prema et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci.

(2019) 7(4), 160-165 ISSN: 2582 – 2845

Available online at www.ijpab.com
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7439 ISSN: 2582 – 2845
Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 160-165
Research Article

Smart Agriculture Monitoring System using IoT

P. Prema1*, B. Sivasankari2, M. Kalpana3 and R. Vasanthi4
1,2
Assistant Professor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai
3,4
Assistant Professor, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 23.04.2019 | Revised: 30.05.2019 | Accepted: 7.06.2019

ABSTRACT
The agricultural growth is enhanced with the increase in the productivity and upgradation of the
plantation systems. The application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture could
have the greatest impact for increase the productivity. The global population is increased every
year. So, to feed this much population, the farming industry must use advanced technology like
IoT for increased profit. Smart farming based on IoT technologies will enable growers and
farmers to reduce waste and enhance productivity ranging from the quantity of fertilizer utilized
to the number of journeys the farm vehicles have made. In IoT-based smart farming, a system is
built for monitoring the crop field with the help of sensors (light, humidity, temperature, soil
moisture, PIR Sensor) and automating the irrigation system. The farmers can monitor the field
conditions from anywhere. IoT-based smart farming is highly efficient when compared with the
conventional approach.
Keywords: IoT, PIR Sensor, Light, Humidity, Temperature

INTRODUCTION and environmental impact resulting from

The agricultural development is accelerated intensive farming practices, the demand for
with the increase in the productivity and more food has to be met. Advanced automated
upgradation of the plantation systems. The IoT technologies have to be used in agriculture
Internet of Things (IoT) has the capability to meet the demand. This paper described the
to transform the world. However, the agriculture sensor and its use in smart
application of technology like IoT in agriculture for increase the productivity with
agriculture could have the greatest impact. reduced human effort and cost. The IoT
Every year the population is increased. So, to technology is more efficient due to following
feed this much population, the farming reasons such as Global Connectivity through
industry must embrace IoT (Jim Chase, 2013). any devices, Minimum human efforts, Faster
Against the challenges such as extreme Access, Time Efficiency and Efficient
weather conditions and rising climate change, Communication.

Cite this article: Prema, P., Sivasankari, B., Kalpana, M., & Vasanthi, R. (2019). Smart Agriculture
Monitoring System using IoT, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 7(4), 160-165. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7439

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Prema et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 160-165 ISSN: 2582 – 2845
The key advantages of using IoT in enhancing are used for smart agriculture (Gondchawar &
farming are as follows: Kawitkar, 2016). The highlighting features are
1. Soil management such as PH level, smart GPS based remote controlled robot to
Moisture content etc can be identified perform tasks like weeding, spraying, moisture
easily so that farmer can sow seeds sensing, human detection and keeping
according to soil level. vigilance. The cloud computing devices that
2. Water management can be efficiently done can create a whole computing system from
using IoT with no wastage of water using sensors to tools that observe data from
sensors. agricultural field images and from human
3. Crop monitoring can be easily done to actors on the ground and accurately feed the
observe the growth of crop. IoT helps to data into the repositories along with the
continuous monitor the land so that location as GPS coordinates (Gayatri et al.,
precautions can be taken at early stage. 2015). The author proposes (Joaquín
4. It increases productivity, reduce manual Gutiérrez, 2013) an idea about how automated
work, reduce time and makes farming irrigation system was developed to optimize
more efficient. water use for agricultural crops. In addition, a
5. Sensors and RFID chips aids to recognize gateway unit handles sensor information. The
the diseases occurred in plants and crops. IoT based monitoring system (Meonghun Lee,
RFID tags send the EPC (information) to 2013) to analyze crop environment and the
the reader and are shared across the method to improve the efficiency of decision
internet. The farmer or scientist can access making by analyzing harvest statistics. Image
this information from a remote place and processing (Jhuria et al., 2013) is used as a
take necessary actions, Automatically tool to monitor the diseases on fruits during
crops can be protected from coming farming, right from plantation to harvesting.
diseases (Lakshmisudha, 2011). The variations are seen in color, texture and
LITERATURE SURVEY morphology. The soil parameters such as soil
In Agriculture field, the farmers use manual moisture content and surrounding temperature
method for checking the checking the soil are crucial factors for the proper plant growth.
parameters. The system mainly focuses The system provides a real time system which
todeveloping devicesto manage and alert the monitors soil temperature and soil moisture
farmers by the wireless sensor system efficiently. The system valves are turn ON or
(Lakshmisudha, 2011). It proposes a low cost OFF automatically depending upon the
and efficient wireless sensor network moisture content. The system provides a real
technique to acquire the soil moisture and time analysis to the owner to monitor variation
temperature from various locations of farm in the parameters. Using this system, one can
and as per the need of crop controller to take save manpower, water to improve production
the decision whether the irrigation is and ultimately increase profit.
requirement (Nandurkar et al., 2014). The Agricultural Sensor
author (Chetan, 2015) proposes a novel A number of sensing technologies are used in
technique for smart farming by linking a smart precision agriculture, providing data that helps
sensing system and smart irrigator system farmers monitor and optimize crops, as well as
through wireless communication technology. adapt to changing environmental factors.
The atmospheric conditions are monitored and Soil Moisture sensor
controlled online (Vidya Devi & A sensor that will sense the moisture level in
Meenakumari, 2013). The IoT technologies the sand is called soil moisture sensor.

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Fig. 1: Soil Moisture Sensor

The Moisture sensor is used to measure the technology and the temperature and humidity
water content (moisture) of soil. When the soil sensing technology, to ensure that the product
is having water shortage, the module output is has high reliability and excellent long-term
at high level, else the output is at low level. stability. The sensor includes a capacitive
This sensor reminds the user to water their sensor wet components and a high-precision
plants and also monitors the moisture content temperature measurement devices, and
of soil. It has been widely used in agriculture, connected with a high-performance 8-bit
land irrigation and botanical gardening. microcontroller. The product has excellent
Temperature Sensor quality, fast response, strong anti-jamming
Temperature Sensor DHT-22 is used to read capability, and high cost. Standard single-bus
current temperature and humidity of the interface, system integration quick and easy.
atmosphere. DHT22 capacitive humidity Small size, low power consumption, signal
sensing digital temperature and humidity transmission distance up to 20 meters, making
module is one that contains the compound has it the best choice of all kinds of applications
been calibrated digital signal output of the and even the most demanding applications. It's
temperature and humidity sensors. Application Humidity Range is 0-100% and
of a dedicated digital modules collection Temperature range is -40 to - 125°C

Fig. 2: Temperature sensor

PIR Sensor the radiations are in infrared wavelength. But

A PIR Sensor or a Passive Infrared Sensor is PIR Sensors detect these radiations and change
an electronic device that measures the infrared them into appropriate electrical signals. To
(IR) light emitted by the objects in its connect with external devices, it has only three
observable area. The term „Passive‟ in the PIR pins namely VCC, Digital OUT (Data) and
Sensor indicates that the sensor actually GND. On the top of sensor board, there is a
doesn‟t emit any infrared light but rather special type of lens called Fresnal Lens that is
passively detects it that is emitted by its covering up the actual Pyroelectric Sensor.
surrounding objects. Every object, with its The function of the Fresnal Lens is to focus all
surface temperature greater than absolute zero the infrared radiation onto the pyroelectric
i.e. -2730 C emits heat in the form of infrared sensor.
radiation. Humans cannot see this radiation as

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Prema et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 160-165 ISSN: 2582 – 2845

Fig. 3: PIR Sensor

The brain of the PIR Sensor Module is the deciding crop yield, as it affects the water
BISS0001 PIR Motion Detector IC. Near this uptake of the plant. So measuring soil moisture
IC, we have two potentiometers, one for always plays an important role in successful
adjusting the Sensitivity and the other is for farm management. The conventional method
adjusting the delay time. Using Sensitivity to evaluate soil moisture content of 'look and
Adjust, you can control the range of field of feel' can be highly inaccurate. The use of
view and in our sensor, it is up to 7 meters. moisture sensors helps to evaluate soil
Using the Delay Time Adjust, you can control moisture helps to make relevant irrigation
the duration for which the Digital Out will stay decisions.
HIGH when a moving object is detected. The hardware is consists of an Arduino
microcontroller (here an Arduino Uno) and a
MATERIALS AND METHODS pre-wired soil moisture sensor module. The
Hardware soil moisture sensor module, built around
Arduino Uno-MICROCONTROLLER: the LM393 comparator, gives an active-low
The Arduino Uno is one of the most popular (L) level output when the soil is dry
microcontrollers in the industry. It is user (determined by a pre-setted threshold value).
convenient and easier to handle. The coding or This digital output (wet soil → L / dry soil →
programming of this controller is also easy. H) is routed to one I/O terminal (D2) of the
The device has capabilities to be connected the Arduino microcontroller. Based on this input
internet and act as a server too, this way the (at D2) arduino gives an active-high (H)
handling of information and data. output through D13 when soil is dry, and an
Soil Moisture Monitoring active-low (L) output when soil is wet.
Soil moisture is the water held within the soil
pores. Soil moisture is one of the main factors

Table 1: Soil Condition and output

Soil Condition Output
Wet Low /Off
Dry High / On

Fig. 4: Soil moisture sensor module

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Temperature Sensor
The figure shows the connectivity diagram of Humidity sensor.

Fig. 5: Temperature Sensor

The sensor read the temperature and humidity CONCLUSION

and displays the reading in the LCD. It can Internet of Things will help to enhance smart
measure the environment temperature and farming. Using IoT we can predict the soil
humidity to meet the high demand. moisture level and humidity. Irrigation system
Experimentation and Results can be monitored and controlled by IoT
The hardware is interfaced with all the sensors technology. The crop damage using predators
in the board. The hardware components is reduced. IoT works in different domains of
include the microcontroller, a water pump, farming to improve time efficiency, water
relay,12 V battery, Wi-fi sensor and the soil management, crop monitoring, soil
moisture sensor is interfaced and power supply management, control of insecticides and
has provided. The system has been tested for pesticides. It also minimizes human efforts,
watering a plant in a garden. In the field simplifies techniques of farming and helps to
section, sensors are deployed in the field like gain smart farming. Along with these features
soil moisture. The data collected from these smart farming can help to grow the market for
sensors are sent to the Database via the farmer with single touch and minimum efforts.
android application. In control section, the
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