GLOBAL X-RAY AND TESTING CORP. 95660 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING RAL EXAMINATION Name: Graded by: Level Social Sec. #: Score Date: Date: Pass - Fail Directions: Circle the letter corresponding to the answer which correctly completes the statement or answers the question 1, The source of penetrating energy used in Industrial Radiography is: (a) X-ray tubes or radioisotopes (b) Radiography cameras (c) Incandescent and florescent light (@) Nuclear reactors 2, Images of discontinuities in welds appear as dark areas on the radiograph because: (a) The discontinuities casts a shadow on the film (b) The defect represents more dense material than the weld (©) The discontinuity produces a thinner portion of material at that place in the weld (@) The weld is thicker at the place that the discontinuity occurs 3. Lead screens placed in contact with the film can reduce the exposure time because: (a) The penetrating energy bounces off of the lead (b) The interaction of the penetrating energy with the surface of the lead screens produces free electrons which intensify the image production on the radiograph (©) Lead reacts with the film emulsion (@) All of the above 4. The difference between X-rays and Gamma rays is: (a) X-rays are of higher energy (b) Gamma rays travel faster in air (c) Gamma rays are produced through radioactive decay and x-rays are produced in a vacuum tube (@) All of the above 5. Slower speed films with smaller grain size will result in _ definition and sensitivity than fast films with large grain size (a) Greater (b) Less (©) About equal (d) None of the above RT Level If General Exam 195660 Pagel6. Gamma rays are produced during the of radioactive atoms. (a) Neutron bombardment (b) Radioactive decay (6) Atomic construction () Exposure 7. The regulations governing the use of radioactive material are established by the: (a) Department of Health and Human Resource: (b) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (©) US. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (@) Department of Defense 8. Radiographic Testing is one of several methods used to assure the quality of manufactured items. (a) Nondestructive Testing (b) Construction code (c) Destructive Testing (@) Chemical testing, 9. Proper exposure geometry is necessary to assure that of the image are kept toa minimum. (a) Density and thickness (b) Enlargement and distortion (c) Backscatter and darkness (@) All of the above 10. Geometrical unsharpness increases as: (a) The focal point size increases (b) The source to film distance decreases (©) The film speed increases (d) Both (a) and (b) 11. Radiographic sensitivity is in general related to: (a) The radiograph exhibiting the required density (b) The size of the smallest perceptible discontinuity imaged (©) The source strength (4) Exposure time 12, A graph which plots the reduction in radioactivity over a period of time for a given source is called a (n): (a) Exposure device (b) Source log (©) Hand D Characteristic Curve (d) Decay curve RT Level It General Exam ‘95660 Page?13, The time necessary for half of the atoms in a radioactive source to decay and become stable is called the: (a) Half-value Layer (b) Half Life (c) Half-wave rectified current @ Half Time 14, Manual processing methods for radiographs involves the following basic steps in this order as a minimum. (a) Developer, Rinse or Stop Bath, Fixer, Wash, Dry (b) Developer, Fixer, Stop Bath, Dry (0) Fixer, Wash, Developer, Dry (d) Developer, Fixer, Dry 15. Radiography which is performed by the radiation passing through two walls of a pipe, but only the film side image viewed for interpretation is the (a) Double Wall Exposure/Double Wall Viewing, (b) Single Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing (©) Double Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing (@) Both (a) and (c) 16. In comparison to Iridium 192, the penetrating ability of gamma rays emitted from Cobalt 60 are: (a) Less penetrating (b) Slightly more penetrating (©) About the same (d) Much more penetrating 17. One drawback to the use of Co 60 instead of Ir 192 is that the radiographs made using Co 60 will exhil (a) Less definition and sensitivity (b) More artifacts (©) More sensitivity but require longer exposure times (@) Lower densities at the same processing times 18, X-ray radiography is used less than gamma radiography in the Petro-Chem industry because: (a) The costs of equipment and personnel are higher (b) X-ray machines need sources of external energy (electricity) (©) Down-time due to malfunction is more frequent (d) All of the above 19. Penetrameters are used in industrial radiography to: (a) Compare the size of acceptable discontinuities (b) Assure that the proper film was used (©) Compare the density of one film to another (d) Assure that the required sensitivity level is met RT Level Il General Exam 95660 Page320, Calculation of the Geometrical Unsharpness formula tells the film interpreter: (a) The degree of image enlargement in the radiograph (b) Whether internal undercut can be measured (c) Whether the density of the image is within limits (d) Where the length of interpretable image starts 21. Exposure time is directly related to: (a) Speed of the film (b) Activity of the source (©) Source to film distance (@) All of the above 22. Shims of radiographically similar material to the test piece are placed under the penetrameter so that: (a) The required sensitivity is easier to achieve (b) The I.D. numbers are more readable (©) The thickness of the material under the penetrameter is approximately equal to the thickness of the test piece (d) All of the above 23, When the configuration of the test piece prevents placement of the penetrameter on the (a) Left off of the radiograph (b) Placed on a block of radiographically similar material of the same thickness as the test piece (©) Placed on the ground next to the test piece (d) On the back of the cassette 24, Indications on the surface of the film which do not correspond to discontinuities in the test piece are called: (a) Defects (b) Smudges (©) Film Antifacts (d) None of the above 25, Discontinuities which are regularly found in the external reinforcement of a weld are: (a) Inadequate Penetration (b) Internal undercut (c) Wagon Tracks (d) None of the above 26. Developer temperatures which exceed those recommended by the manufacturer for a given developing time will: (a) Cause the radiograph to melt (b) Cause the density to be too dark (c) Lengthen the required development time RT Level If General Exam 95660 Pages(d) Cause scratches on the film 27, The specific activity of a given radioisotope is measured in: (a) Curies per gram (b) Roentgens per hour (©) Pounds per square foot (d) Miles per second 28, A radiograph which shows obvious artifacts which could cause should be: (a) Noted as deficient on the interpretation report (b) Deleted from the film pack but noted on the report (c) Reshot before interpretation and replaced by an acceptable radiograph (d) Presented to the client without remarks 29. Elliptical exposure techniques and superimposed techniques both requit (a) That the source to film distance be increased by raising the source position above the source side surface of the pipe (b) That both the film side and source side image of the weld be interpreted on the same radiograph (0) Penetrameter selection be based on single wall plus allowable reinforcement (@) All of the above 30. Contact radiographic techniques (DWE/SWY) can be used on any O.D. pipe if: (a) The radiographer is familiar with the techniques (b) Geometrical Unsharpness requirements can be met (©) Exposure time is critical (@) The pipe is carbon steel 31. A lead letter "B" is usually placed on the back of the film cassette as a check for: (a) Backscatter radiation (b) Forward scatter radiation (c) Density control (@) Tears in the cassette 32. Radiographic quality level of 2-2T requires that a hole whose diameter is twice the thickness of the penetrameter be imaged on the r: raph. The thickness of the penetrameter must be: (a) Equal to the diameter of the 2-T hole (b) Twice the thickness of the test material (©) Twice the thickness of the 2-T hole (d) 2% of the test material thickness RT Level II General Exam 95660 Pages33, Radiography must be performed to the safety requirements of: (a) OSHA (b) The radiography company's Operating and Emergency Procedures and Radioactive Material License Conditions (c) Mil-Std 204-A (d) All of the above 34. Penetrameters are placed on the source side of the material being radiographed unless: (a) Source side placement is impossible or impractical (b) Permission for use of film side placement is granted by the client (©) A procedural radiograph is taken to prove the ability of the technique to attain the required sensiti (d) All of the above 35. The following methods can be used to reduce the possibility of film artifacts using manual processing techniques. (a) Fully open screens before removing film (b) Keep the loading bench clean and free of dirt (©) Check cassettes regularly for tears (d) All of the above 36. Film ing lights should have a feature which allows for varying: (a) The cooling fan speed (b) The color of the screen (©) The light intensity (@) The background light 37. Before making interpretations of radiographs for material acceptance, the radiographer should know: (a) The radiographic technique used (b) The welding procedure used (©) The Code referenced for acceptability (d) All of the above 38. Automatic processing methods usually produce fewer artifacts than manual processing methods because: (a) There is less handling of film (b) Processing time and temperatures are electronically controlled (c) The chemicals are stronger (4) Both (a) and (b) 39. When processing manually, the general rule of thumb is that fixing time be twice the: (a) Developing time (b) Clearing time (©) Wash time (@) Lunch time RT Level II General Exam 95660 Pages40. The responsi of the film interpreter is to: (a) Assure that the radiographs are acceptable to the procedure requirements (b) Suggest repair methods (©) Interpret material discontinuities for acceptance to the specification @ Both (a) and (c) RT Level Il General Exam 95660 Page7GLOBAL X-RAY AND TESTING CORP. RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING LEVEL I SPECIFIC EXAMINATION Name: Graded by Social Sec. #:_ Score: _ Date Date Pass - Fail Directions: Circle the letter corresponding to the answer which correctly completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The SPEC 150 and Amersham 880 exposure devices are both: (a) Pipeliner type devices (b) Rated for use with 200 Ci of Ir 192 (©) Crankout (external) type devices (d) Type "A" containers 2. ANSVASME Sec. V, Art. 2 requires that radiography be performed to sensitivity level: (a) 2-27 (b) 1-27 (2-47 @1T 3. AWS D1.1 requires that the source to object distance be at least: (a) 6" (b) 7 times the object to film distance (thickness of material) (©) Equal to the width of the film used (@) % the length of the film used 4. The location markers on the radiograph must appear: (a) within 1" of each end of the film (b) At least every 2" (©) As images of lead numbers or letters (@) None of the above 'S, Radiograph identification is required to contain: (a) The radiographer's name (b) The radiography company's name or initials (c) The date (a) Both (b) and (c) RT Level II Specific Exam 195660 Pagel6. When the wire type I.Q.L. is used and placed perpendicular to the weld, the wires must: (a) Cross the thickest portion of the weld (b) Be sealed within the plastic package (©) Not be bent or broken (@) All of the above 7. When hole type penetrameters are used, they must be placed: (a) On the north side of the weld (b) So that the LD. numbers are not in the area of interest (0) Ona block of similar material (@) None of the above 8, If the radiographer cannot return the source to the shielded position within the camera using normal methods, he must: (a) Notify the NRC (b) Cover the source with lead, sand or other shielding material (c) Follow his company's Emergency Procedures (d) All of the above 9. Inadequate penetration will usually appear as in the image of the weld on the radiograph. (a) A straight, dark line 1/16" to 1/8" wide (b) A fine, dark line which changes direction (©) A dark linear indication at the edge of the external reinforcement (@) A dark, linear indication transverse to the weld 10. The required minimum transmitted density in the area of interest on a radiograph made to API-1104 Standards is: (@) 151035 (b) 20-40 (©) 181035 (18 11, Location markers (lead numbers or letters) must be placed on: (a) The test material (b) The front of the cassette (©) The back of the cassette (@) The unexposed film 12. A system of radiograph identification can employ the use of. to place information on the radiograph: (a) Permanent ink markings (b) Images of lead numbers and letters (©) "Flash" type imprinters (d) All of the above RT Level Il Specific Exam 95660 Page?13. A Level I radiographer can set up and perform the examination, but he cannot: (a) Report the results of the examination (b) Interpret the results of the examination (©) Certifying the Level | (d) All of the above 14, The Level II radiographer is responsible for: (a) Administering Level I written exams (b) Providing "on-the-job" training to the Level I (©) Certifying the Level I (@) All of the above 15, ASME Section V, Article 2 requires that be made when using the "Elliptical" (DWE/DWV) technique: (a) A minimum of four exposures at 60 degrees (b) A minimum of three exposures at 120 degrees (c) A minimum of two exposures at 90 degrees (@) A minimum of three exposures at 60 degrees 16, For panoramic (SWE/SWV) techniques to API-1104 Standards are required; (a) 4 penetrameters at 90 degrees (b) 3 penetrameters at 120 degrees (c) 2 penetrameters on each radiograph (d) 1 penetrameter on each radiograph 17. 75 days from the date that an Ir 192 source of 30 Curies was loaded, the source activity will be: (a) 20 Curies (b) 10 Curies (c) 35 Curies (d) 15 Curies 18. AWS D1.1 categorizes discontinuities as: (a) Round, long and wide (b) Elongated, rounded and cracks (©) Root defects, filler defects and crown defects (@) Girth, long seam and material defects 19. The following defects are not allowed in any size in accordance with ANSVASME B31.3 (critical service) acceptance criteria. (a) Porosity, slag and concavity (b) Root penetration and crown reinforcement (©) Cracks, inadequate penetration, non-fusion (@) All of the above RT Level II Specific Exam. ‘95660 Page}20. The formula for calculation of the Geometrical Unsharpness formula is Ug =. Fd These symbols represe D (a) Geometrical unsharpness is equal to the focal spot size times the object to film distance divided by the source to object distance (b) Geometrical unsharpness is equal to the film size times the thickness of the pipe divided by the source to weld distance (©) Gross unsharpness is equal to force of energy times table equivalents divided by diameter of the object (4) None of the above 21. The radiographer is responsible for: (a) Assuring that the radiograph meets the requirement of the specification (b) Interpreting the acceptability of the material (©) Accurately reporting his radiograph review (@) All of the above 22. One method of reducing radiographic contrast is to: (a) increase the distance between the radiation source and the object (b) decrease the distance between the object and the film (©) decrease the wavelength of the radiation used (@) increase the development time within manufacturers recommendations 23. When sharp, black, bird-foot shaped marks which are known not to correspond with any discontinuities appear at random on radiographs, they are probably caused by: (a) prolonged development in old developer (b) exposure of the film by natural cosmic ray showers during storage (©) static charges caused by friction (4) inadequate rinsing after fixing 24, The range of thickness over which densities are obtained that are satisfactory for interpretation is a measure of the: (a) subject contrast iof a radiograph (b) sensitivity of a radiograph (0) latitude of a radiograph (@) definition of a radiograph 25, Images of discontinuities close to the source of ;the specimen become less clearly defined as: (a) source-to-object distance increases (b) the thickness of the specimen increases (0) the size of the focal spot decreases (@) the thickness of the specimen decreases RT Level Il Specific Exam 95660 Pages