July 18, 2013

July 18, 2013

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.02, Rev. 01

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.0 STANDARD NOMINAL VOLTAGES

3.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS

3.1 Outdoor Substations

3.2 Indoor Substations
3.3 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substations

4.0 BUS (SWITCHING) ARRANGEMENTS

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 Appearance
5.2 Public Safety
5.3 Site Conditions
5.4 Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Field Effects

6.0 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

6.1 Frequency
6.2 System Nominal Voltage
6.3 Harmonics
6.4 AC Auxiliary Voltages
6.5 DC Auxiliary Voltages
6.6 Insulation Levels
6.7 Creepage Distance

7.0 SYSTEM CONVENTIONS

7.1 Circuit Configuration

7.2 System Grounding
7.3 Phase Designations
7.4 Mimic Bus Color Code
7.5 Equipment Designations

8.0 STANDARD EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS

8.1 Power Transformer

8.2 Circuit Breakers

9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.02, Rev. 01

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight National Grid, Saudi Arabia practices with
respect to standard nominal voltages, substation classification and switching arrangements.
It also defines the basic criteria required to design a substation. These include the
environmental considerations, system parameters, system conventions and standard
substation equipment and their ratings.

Other relevant aspects of substation engineering, like grounding, lighting, surge protection,
lightning protection, insulation co-ordination, clearances, cable laying, etc. shall be per other
chapters of TES-P-119.

The design shall make adequate provision for safety of operation and maintenance
personnel, reliability and continuity in service, ease of inspection and maintenance, ease and
clarity of operation, avoidance of spurious alarms, ability to withstand the severe service
conditions specified, freedom from undue vibration and noise, exclusion of vermin, birds
and animals, precautions to minimize fire risk. To limit the required stock of spare parts all
equipment and parts thereof performing similar duties shall be interchangeable.

All support structures for electrical equipment shall be designed to suit the service
conditions specified in 01-TMSS-01, the loads imposed on them, and the appropriate
electrical clearance requirements as mentioned in TES-P-119.08. The portal structures and
foundations shall be designed considering the spans required by the substation layout.

The SI system of units shall be used for all Engineering and Design.

2.0 STANDARD NOMINAL VOLTAGES

The standard nominal voltages used by National Grid, Saudi Arabia are 11 kV, 13.8 kV, 33
kV, 34.5 kV and 69 kV for distribution and 110 kV, 115 kV, 132 kV, 230 kV and 380 kV
for transmission of electric power.

3.0 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS

3.1 Outdoor Substations

In outdoor substation, the primary side switchgears of power transformer shall be

installed in the open air and the secondary/tertiary side switchgears shall be installed
indoors in an air-conditioned building.

3.2 Indoor Substations

In indoor substation, both primary and secondary/tertiary side switchgears of the

power transformer shall be installed in an air-conditioned building.

3.3 Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) Substations

In GIS substation the primary side switchgears of power transformer shall be totally
enclosed in an SF6 gas insulated housing and shall normally be installed indoors in
an air-conditioned building. The exit bus ducts from GIS (if any) shall be installed
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outdoors. Secondary/tertiary side switchgears of the power transformer shall be

installed in an air-conditioned building.

In all the three categories of substations, power transformers/reactors and station

service transformers shall be installed in the open air (outdoors).

4.0 BUS (SWITCHING) ARRANGEMENTS

The main bus bar switching arrangements shall be as per project scope of work and
technical specifications (SOW/TS) and the same shall be one of the following :

● Single /straight bus (Figure 02-1)

● Double bus, single breaker (Figure 02-2 or Figure 02-09 or Figure 02-15)
● Ring bus (Figure 02-3 or Figure 02-11)
● Breaker and a half (Figure 02-4 or Figure 02-10 or Figure 02-8)
● PI (Figure 02-5 or Figure 02-13)
● Inverted PI (Figure 02-6 or Figure 02-12) and extended inverted PI (Figure 02-7 or
Figure 02-14)

Offered bus bar arrangement shall be cost effective (present worth of annual costs and
minimum life cycle cost), flexible and safe to operate and maintain with required degree of
service continuity and reliability as well as the availability of power sources. Transmission
substation equipment losses shall be evaluated to justify minimum life cycle cost.

If specified in SOW/TS, some of these arrangements may be modified by the addition of

circuit breakers and/or disconnect switches to meet the requirements of a particular
installation.

In Double Bus, Single Breaker Arrangement the bus coupler breaker connecting the two
main buses shall be normally closed, so transfer of a feeder from one bus to the other bus
will be possible without de-energizing the feeder circuit, by operating the disconnect
switches.

In Breaker and a Half Arrangement under normal operating conditions, all breakers shall be
closed and the two main buses shall be energized. To trip a circuit the two associated circuit
breakers must be opened.

Radial taps from 230 kV and 380 kV transmission lines to supply distribution type loads
shall be avoided.

Transmission substations shall be designed for single contingency emergency situation. It is

desirable that motor loads shall ride through this single contingency situation.

Automatic load shedding shall be used if specified in SOW/TS to aviod cascading outages
and to minimize transient time of system disturbances/disruption.

Power factor correction shall be evaluated if voltage regulation is excessive.

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5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 Appearance

5.1.1 In some areas, zoning regulations shall require screening, low profile designs,
or other measures to improve appearance of outdoor substation. Substations
shall be located in a way that they are not strikingly visible to the public.

Sites that avoid the outdoor substation structures appearing on the skyline,
and those that take advantage of the natural land contours and tree plantations
are preferred.

5.1.2 The silhouette of a outdoor substation may be reduced in several ways

including the use of solid shape structural sections.

5.1.3 Engineering of substation facilities should be coordinated to develop the least

overall objectionable layout. Installation of underground distribution circuits
for some distance from the substation before going overhead should be
considered if necessary to alleviates the problem of a large number of lines
converging on the substation and the associated right of way problems.

5.1.4 Lowering of the outdoor substation profile may also be accomplished by

Inverted Bus Arrangement other than underground circuits if a large ground
area is available and where beauty and aesthetic qualities are necessary.

5.1.5 Generally, use of complementary colors rather than use of contrasting colors
shall be better to blend the substation building into the background.

5.1.6 Outdoor substations shall consider nearby airports and aeronautic corridors
(if any), as there are usually restrictions on the maximum height of structures
and due to possible disturbances on navigation equipment.

5.1.7 Following present National Grid, Saudi Arabia practices shall be followed:

All 69 kV, 110 kV, 115 kV, 132 kV, 230 kV and 380 kV substations shall be
indoor GIS modular type unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS.

All substations upto 34.5 kV shall be indoor type unless otherwise specified
in project SOW/TS.

Outdoor 110 kV and above (switching) substations, if specified in project

SOW/TS, shall have dead-tank type circuit breakers and conventional CTs
and PTs.

5.2 Public Safety

5.2.1 Substations shall be safe for people carrying out operation and maintenance
as well as to public in the vicinity of the substation.

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5.2.2 The primary means of ensuring public safety at substations shall be by

erection of a suitable barrier such as a boundary wall or a metal fence per
TES-P-119.19.

Where power transformers are located very near to the boundary limits,
concrete perimeter wall in front of the transformers shall be of removable
precast panels to provide easy access for installation and maintenance.

5.2.3 Additional means of protecting the public shall be taken through adequate
design of all facilities inside the fence/wall wherever required.

5.2.4 Appropriate warning signs shall be posted on the peripheral barrier of the
substation. Details of the warning sign shall be per TES-P-119.21.

5.2.5 Every substation shall have fire detection and protection system in
accordance with TES-P-119.21. Surface Treatment of Metals and Building
Exterior shall be such as to minimize as far as possible the risk of fire and the
resultant damage in the event of fire.

5.2.6 The design and erection of the substations shall be such that limits on noise
levels of equipment in service and out of service are not exceeded 65dB(A)
during day time (06:00-22:00hrs.) and 55dB(A) during night time (22:00-
06:00hrs.) at substation boundary including background noise, unless
otherwise specified in local regulations.

5.2.7 The orientation of the transmission substation and location of the gates shall
be decided based on the location, available plot size and/or right of ways. The
preferred orientation of a transmission substation located in urban area shall
be such that a public road is available at the power transformer side.

5.3 Site Conditions

The complete substation shall be designed to meet the service conditions specified in
01-TMSS-01.

5.3.1 Soil Conditions

a. Surface conditions include salt flats (sabkhah), marl, eolian sand and
rock. Preferably substations shall not be located in areas of sabkhah.
If can’t be avoided, necessary soil improvement shall be carried out as
approved by National Grid, Saudi Arabia.

b. Ground water table varies from near the surface in the coastal zone to
several meters below grade in the inland areas.

c. Soil investigation must be carried out for each substation site before
finalizing the design and engineering.

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TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.02, Rev. 01

5.4 Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Field Effects

5.4.1 Considerations shall be given to prevent radio and television interference

caused by visible and audible corona at energized parts having small radii or
conductors having small diameters, particularly when conductive climatic
conditions prevail.

5.4.2 Induced electromagnetic disturbances at interfaces of the secondary system,

as a result of switching in the high voltage system, shall not exceed 1.6 kV
common mode for normal EMC severity class, and 0.8 kV common mode for
reduced EMC severity class.

5.4.3 Proper considerations shall be given to the size of connectors/conductors

connected to equipment such as voltage transformer and coupling capacitor
to reduce corona.

5.4.4 In all substations, equipment layout and design shall be for ultimate
development and arranged such that during maintenance in a de-energized
bay the electric field from adjacent energized bays at power frequency shall
not exceed 5 kVrms/m and magnetic field shall not exceed 0.1mT at a height
of one (1) meter above ground. This value shall also apply to access roads,
walkways and working areas to reduce the likelihood of station personnel
receiving annoying shocks from grounded structures, e.g. switchgear support
structures, low voltage lamp stands, etc.

5.4.5 Directly under energized 110 kV, 115 kV, 132 kV, 230 kV and 380 kV
outdoor conventional equipment the electric field at power frequency shall
not exceed 10 kVrms/m and magnetic field shall not exceed 0.5mT at a height
of one (1) meter above ground.

6.0 SYSTEM PARAMETERS

6.1 Frequency

The nominal frequency for National Grid, Saudi Arabia system is 60 Hz and the
permissible operating frequency range is between 59.9 Hz and 60.1 Hz during
normal system operation.

6.2 System Voltage

The normal permissible operating voltage range for nominal voltage of 11 kV up to

380 kV is ±5%.

6.3 Harmonics

Equipment/materials connected to National Grid, Saudi Arabia transmission system

shall not impose voltage harmonics exceeding the following limits:

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Table 02-1: Harmonics Level

Voltage Distortion Transmission Medium

Voltage Voltage
Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion 1.5% 5%
Individual Harmonic Voltage Distortion 1.0% 3%

6.4 AC Auxiliary Voltages

Unless otherwise specified in the Scope of Work and Tehnical Specification

(SOW/TS) AC auxiliary voltages to be adopted for National Grid, Saudi Arabi
substations are 400/230V, 60Hz. The permissible operating voltage range is + 5%.

6.5 DC Auxiliary Voltages

The standard nominal DC auxiliary voltages adopted by National Grid, Saudi Arabia
as well as the DC system operating ranges are specified in Table 02-2.

Table 02-2:: Standard DC Auxiliary Voltages

Nominal Voltage Operating Range

(Vdc) (Vdc)
For Control, annunciation and
protection (New Substation) 125 101.5 to 136.3
For Control, annunciation and 110 99 to 126.5
protection (Reinforced
Substation, where applicable)
For communication - 48 - 42 to - 56

6.6 Insulation Levels

The insulation levels for all HV, MV and LV (AC & DC) equipment shall not be less
than the values specified in 01-TMSS-01.

Basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BIL) are specified with respect to a
standard 1.2/50 µs wave shape and the basic switching impulse insulation level
(BSL) is specified for a 250/2500 µs impulse with tolerances specified by the
Industry Standards.

6.7 Creepage Distance:

The creepage distance of all indoor and outdoor bushings/insulators shall be per 01-
TMSS-01.

6.8 RTV Coating

Unless otherwise specified in the relevant SOW/TS, Room Temperature Vulcanizing

(RTV) Silicone Rubber Coating shall be applied to substation outdoor ceramic

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insulators (including gantries), equipment bushings, and equipment housings etc., in

all substations located within 25 km radial distance from the sea coast line.

7.0 SYSTEM CONVENTIONS

7.1 Circuit Configuration

Three phase, three wire (3φ, 3W) circuit configuration shall be used throughout
National Grid, Saudi Arabia system for all voltage levels from 380 kV down to 11
kV. Three phase, four wire (3φ, 4W) circuit configuration shall be used for all AC
auxiliary circuits.

7.2 System Grounding

Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS, the system neutral shall be solidly
grounded for all service voltages. Power transformer secondary neutral (wye neutral
point) shall be solidly grounded, resistance earthed (medium voltage) or effectively
grounded as specified in SOW/TS and for grounding of Power transformer
secondary with delta winding, and also for Power Transformer with loaded
stabilizing winding, ZN grounding transformer shall be provided.

7.3 Phase Designations

The phases in all new substations shall be designated as R (Red), Y (Yellow) and B
(Blue) throughout the substation when viewed from Top to Bottom.. For transformer
and GIS phase designation shall be as specified in the material standards. For MV
switchgears phase conductors when viewed from operating side, the phase
designation shall be in line with transformer MV phase designation. For reinforced
substations the three phases shall be designated as per the existing system

7.4 Mimic Bus Color Code

Color of mimic bus shall be as specified in 31-TMSS-01. The color of the mosaics
base shall be same as that of the panel. The part of each transformer symbol
representing each winding shall be colored in accordance with the voltage of the
winding.

7.5 Equipment Designations

Equipment Designation shall be per respective Operating Area requirements.

8.0 STANDARD EQUIPMENT AND RATINGS

8.1 Power Transformer

Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS the standard power transformer

capacities (MVA) shall be one of the values from Table 02-3.

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Table 02-3 : Standard Power Transformer Capacities measured at Secondary

Terminals and Vector Group

Substation Nominal Transformer Capacity(MVA) Vector Group

Voltage Rating
(kV/kV/kV**) ONAN/ONAF ONAN/ONAF1
/ONAF2
(OFAF*)
380/230 450/600 450/600/750 YNd, YNauto d
380/132/13.8 or 100/125, 210/280/350, YNyn, YNd, YNauto d1
380/115/13.8 or 175/350 302/402/502
380/110/13.8
230/132 or 230/115 136/181, 136/181/227 YNd, YNauto d
200/250,
300/400
230/69 60/120, 90/180, 100/133/167, YNd, YNynd
100/133, 105/205/255,
135/180 150/200/250
230/34.5 60/80, 100/133 - YNd
132/33 or 132/34.5 30/40, 50/67, 30/40/50, YNyn0 + d1, YNd1, Dyn
80/100 50/66/83,
80/106/133
132/13.8 30/40, 50/67 30/40/50 YNyn0+d1, YNyn0+d5,
YNd, Dyn1
115/34.5 or 110/33 30/40, 50/67, - YNyn, Dyn
or 110/34.5 80/100
115/13.8 or 30/40, 50/67 30/40/50 YNyn, YNd, Dyn
110/13.8 or 110/11
132/13.8/6.6 40/50/60 YNyno+d1
69/13.8 20/25, 30/40 - Dyn
34.5/13.8 or 13/20, 30/40 - YNyn, Dyn
33/13.8
*OFAF cooling shall be used only when approved by National Grid, Saudi Arabia.
**
Applicable for Tertiary Winding only

8.2 Circuit Breakers

8.2.1 The number of circuit breakers in 11 kV, 13.8 kV, 33 kV or 34.5 kV

switchgears shall be per Single Line Diagram attached with the SOW/TS.

8.2.2 RMU shall be used to feed the second Station Service Transformer
Substations as specified in the SOW/TS.

8.2.3 Unless otherwise specified in SOW/TS the continuous current ratings of

circuit breakers and bus bars in switchgears rated 11 kV and above shall be
standardized at design ambient temperature of 40ºC with natural cooling as
specified in Table 02-4 below. For ambient temperatures higher than 40ºC,
appropriate derating factors shall be considered for continuous current ratings
of circuit breakers and bus bars in switchgears.
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Table 02-4 : Continuous Current Ratings of circuit breakers and bus bars in
Switchgears Rated 11 kV and Above

System Nominal Rated Continuous Current

Voltage (Arms)
(kVrms)
380 3150, 4000
230 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000
132 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3500
115 or 110 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3500
69 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500 (indoor withdraw
able live tank), 3150, 3500 (GIS)
33 or 34.5 630, 1250, 2500, 3150 (Forced cooling)
11 or 13.8 630, 1250, 2000, 2500, 3150, 3600 (Forced
cooling for Air Insulated Metal Clad
Switchgear)

8.2.4 Unless otherwise specified in project SOW/TS, system parameter for

equipment/material shall be as specified in the following Table 02-5:

Table 02-5 : Equipment/Materials System Parameters

Nominal System Rated Voltage for Three Phase Short Circuit

Voltage Equipment Symmetrical Current
(Maximum System System Current Duration
Voltage) (kArms)
kVrms kV (Sec)
11 12 25 (1 or 3)*
13.8 (15 or 17.5)** 25 (1 or 3)*
33 36 25 1
34.5 36 (minimum) 25 1
69 72.5 31.5 or 40 1
110 123 40 1
115 123 40 1
132 145 40 1
230 245 63 1
***
380 420 63 1

Note
* Shall be specified by design engineer
** For switchgear it shall be 17.5 kV and for other equipment it shall be as
specified in the SOW/TS. For 13.8 kV Non-Extensible Ring Main Unit
(RMU) with Tee-off Circuit breaker used for Station Service Transformers,
the Three Phase Symmetrical Interrupting Current is 21kArms/ 1 sec
*** 50kA if required shall be specified in the SOW/TS.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. British Electricity International, "Modern Power Station Practice", Third Edition,

Volume K:EHV Transmission, Pergamon Press, U.K., 1991.

2. Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty, "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers",
Thirteenth Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., N.Y, 1993.

3. Electricity Utility Standards - Transmission, First Edition, 1408 (Amendments

1989).

4. Homer M. Rustebakke, General Electric Company, "Electric Utility Systems and

Practices", Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA, 1983.

5. M. Khalifa, "High Voltage Engineering, Theory and Practice", Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
N.Y., 1990.

6. Saudi Aramco, "Meteorologic and Oceanographic Data Book", Dhahran, KSA.

7. IEEE 519: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in

Electric Power Systems.

8. 01-TMSS-01, Latest Revision : General Requirements for All Equipment/Materials.

9. SASO 315: Noise.

10. IEEE C57.136: Guide for Sound Level Abatement and Determination for Liquid-
Immersed Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors.

11. Electra # 179, CIGRE Joint Working Group 36.01/06: A Summary of Standards for
Human Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields at Power Frequencies.

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