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    Correlational Research Correlational Research: Defenition and Purpose

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    Fitri handayani
    Correlational research involves collecting data to determine the relationship between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of this relationship, ranging from +1 to -1. A correlation does not imply causation - it only shows that variables are related, not that one causes the other. Researchers select variables and participants, collect paired data scores, and analyze the correlation coefficient to interpret the relationship.

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    Correlational Research Correlational Research: Defenition and Purpose

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    Fitri handayani
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    Correlational research involves collecting data to determine the relationship between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of this relationship, ranging from +1 to -1. A correlation does not imply causation - it only shows that variables are related, not that one causes the other. Researchers select variables and participants, collect paired data scores, and analyze the correlation coefficient to interpret the relationship.

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    Correlational Research

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    Correlational research involves collecting data to determine the relationship between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of this relationship, ranging from +1 to -1. A correlation does not imply causation - it only shows that variables are related, not that one causes the other. Researchers select variables and participants, collect paired data scores, and analyze the correlation coefficient to interpret the relationship.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    49 views2 pages

    Correlational Research Correlational Research: Defenition and Purpose

    Uploaded by

    Fitri handayani
    Correlational research involves collecting data to determine the relationship between two or more variables. A correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of this relationship, ranging from +1 to -1. A correlation does not imply causation - it only shows that variables are related, not that one causes the other. Researchers select variables and participants, collect paired data scores, and analyze the correlation coefficient to interpret the relationship.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

    Correlational Research: Defenition and Purpose


    1. Correlational research involves collecting data to determine whether and to what degree
    a relationship exists between two or more variables. The degree of relationship is
    expressed as a correlation coefficient.
    2. If a relationship exists between two variables, it means that the scores on the variables
    vary in some nonrandom, related way.
    3. The fact that there is a relationship between variables does not imply that one is the cause
    of the other. Correlations do not describe causal relationships. You cannot prove that one
    variable causes another with correlational data.
    4. If two variables are high related, a correlation coefficient near +1.00 (or -1.00) will be
    obtained; if two variables are not related, a coefficient near .00 will be obtained. The
    more highly related two variables are, the more accurate are predictions based on their
    relationship.

    The Correlational Research Process

    Problem Selection
    5. Correlational studies may be designed either to determine which variables of a list of
    likely candidates are related or to test hypotheses regarding expected relationships. The
    variables to be correlated should be selected on the basis of some retionale suggested by
    theory or experience.

    Participant and Instrument Selection


    6. A common, minimally accepted sample size for a correlation study is 30 participants.
    However, if the variables correlated have low reliabilities and validities or if the
    participants will be subdivided and corrrelated, a higher sample size is necessary.

    Design and Procedure


    7. In the basic correlational design, scores for two (or more) variables of interest are
    obtained for each member of a selected sample, and the paired scores are collected.

    Data Analysis and Interpretation


    8. A correlation coefficient is a decimal number between +1.00 and – 1.00. It describes
    both the size and direction of the relationship between two variables. If the correlation
    coefficient is near .00. the variables are not related.
    9. A correlation coefficient near +1.00 indicates that the variables are highly and positively
    related. A person with a high score on one variable is likely to have high score on the
    other variable, and a person with a low score on one is likely to have a low score on the
    other. An increase on one variable is associated with an increase on the other.
    10. If the correlation coefficient near – 1.00, the variables are highly and negatively or
    inversely related. A person with a high score on one variable is likely to have low score
    on the other variable, and a person with a low score on one is likely to have a high score
    on the other. An increase on one variable is associated with a decrease on the other
    variable.
    11. There are many types of correlation, distinguished mainly by the type of data that are
    being correlated. The most commonly used correlation is the product moment correlation
    coefficient (Pearson r), which is used when both variables are expressed as continuous
    (i.e., ratio or interveal) data. The Spearman rho correlation is used when ordinal data
    (ranks) are being correlated.
    12. When interpreting any correlation coefficient, you must always keep in mind that you are
    talking only about an association between variables, not a cause-effect relationship.

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