ANATOMY EVALUATION (LAB) 11

Source:Esteban and Gonzales’ Textbook of Histology

CORNEA- anterior 1/6, transparent EYE HISTOLOGY

3 histologic
Thicker than the layers:
sclera
1. TUNICA
The central region isFIBROSA (fibrous
slightly thinner layer):
than its CORNEA,
peripheral regionSCLERA
2. TUNICA
Richly supplied VASCULOSA
by sensory nerves but(uvea): CHOROIDS, CILIARY BODY, IRIS
avascular
3. TUNICA INTERNA (retina): RETINA ( anterior, posterior)

ANTERIOR EYE
Epithelium
TUNICA FIBROSA NKSS, 5-6 layers
• has 2 regions: sclera (posterior 5/6) between
In are numerous
and cornea (anterior free sensory nerve
1/6) endings that’s why cornea is very sensitive
• The sclera and cornea are continous with each other at the
CORNEO-SCLERAL JUNCTION (LIMBUS) denoted by shallow
Bowman’s membrane
Bulbar conjunctiva
8-12µm
• overlies
Acellular the sclera
and amorphous
STROMA •
Thin translucent mucous
membrane that covers the ant.
Descemet’s membrane
portion of the sclera
Homogenous layer thinner than
CORNEA bowman’s membrane
Basement membrane formed by basal
lamina

LIMBUS Endothelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Forms part of DM

SCLERA IRIS
Sclera- posterior 5/6,
opaque
Tough dense irregular
connective tissue
Embedded near the limbus
is the canal of Schlemm

Canal of Schlemm
Circumferential system of
endothelium lined , irregular
interconnecting canal SCLERA
Serves as drainage
channel for aqueous
humor from the anterior
chamber

CANAL OF SCHLEMM

IRIS
UVEA (TUNICA Vasculosa) 3 PARTS: CHOROIDS, CILIARY BODY, and IRIS

CHOROIDS (picture from demo slide)

• vascular pigmented layer that forms the middle histologic layer of the posterior
2/3 of the eyeball
 • Attached to sclera by a thin layer of loose CT ( SUPRACHOROIDAL LAMINA)
Retin
a
NOTE: @ pointer
pigmented epithelium
detached from retina

Choroid

Scler
a

CILIARY BODY
• Forms a ring of tissue on the inner surface of the anterior portion of the
sclera
The ciliary body has 2 regions:
Epithelial portion- adjacent to
vitreous cavity and equator of
the lens; it is covered posteriorly
by CILIARY RETINA
(part of the anterior non
photosensitive portion of the
SCLERA retina)
SUBDIVIDED INTO: PARS
PLANA &
IRIS PARS PLICATA- with
Ciliar numerous fingerlike
y projections called CILIARY
muscl PROCESSES
es
Uveal portion-adjacent to sclera
CILIARY and is mainly made up of smooth
muscle fibers that comprise the
BODY CILIARY MUSCLES

@ pointer: CILIARY
PROCESSES
(where aqueous humor is
IRIS derived)
• Highly pigmented and vascular diaphragm
• Anterior to the lens and covers the lens incompletely leaving a round central
opening- PUPIL
• It regulates the amount of light that enters the eye by adjusting the size of the
pupil
• Substance is primarily loose CT richly supplied by capillaries and which are
embedded in numerous melanocytes, fibroblast and smooth muscles
• Melanocytes accounts for the color of the eye: few-blue eyes, numerous-
brown eyes

Constrictor papillae muscle-

constrict the pupil when stimulated
by parasympathetic impulses

IRIS IRIDIAL RETINA

Covers the posterior surface of
the iris

LENS

CHAMBER
• The cavity of the eye is divided into 3 compartments:
1. anterior chamber (bounded by cornea anteriorly and iris and lens posteriorly),
2. posterior chamber ( bounded by iris anteriorly and ciliary processes and zonule fibers
laterally and posteriorly)
3. vitreous chamber (large spherical compartment behind the lens, zonule fibers and
ciliary proceses)
• Aqueous humor fills the anterior and posterior chamber while vitreous humor fills the
vitreous chamber

SCLERA IRIS

LIMBUS
POSTERIOR
CHAMBER

LEN
S
ANTERIOR CORNEA
CHAMBER
IRIS

LENS
• Biconvex elastic structure; more convex at posterior than the anterior surface
• Highly cellular and amorphous
• Enveloped by thick lens capsule
• Deep to the lens capsule, the anterior surface is covered by simple cuboidal
epithelium- SUBCAPULAR EPITHELIUM
• LENS FIBERS- composed the substance of the lens, 2000-3000 specialized cells that
have lost the nuclei and other organelles

LENS CAPSULE

SUBCAPSULAR
LENS EPITHELIUM
FIBERS

LACRIMAL GLAND
• A serous gland located in the antero-superior temporal portion of the orbital cavity
 • Consist of several separate lobes that empty into the superior conjunctival fornix
via 6-12 excretory ducts
• A tubuloalveolar gland similar to parotid gland
• Secretory portion consist of serous secreting cells

NOTE: Encapsulated by dense irregular CT

The elements from the capsule invade the
substance of the gland to divide into lobes and
lobules filled purely with serous acini and
ducts

Interlobular duct found in the

connective tissuebetween lobules
and lobes; interlobular ducts
unite forming LOBAR ducts

NOTE that associated with the acinar cells

are myoepithelial cells ( flat,contractile cells
that are lodge between the epithelial cells and
basal lamina)
EYEBALL- LAYERS OF THE RETINA
• RETINA is the innermost histologic layer of the eyeball; has 2 regions:
anterior retina and posterior retina (retina proper)
 • Cells of the posterior retina are arranged and well organized, there are 10
histologically distinct layers (external to internal)

9 1
8
0
7

6
5

4
3
SCLERA 2
1

Choroid
CHOROID
PIGMENT
EPITHELIUM
LAYERS
1 - Pigment layer
2- Layer of rods and
cones
3- Outer RETINA
limiting
membrane
4- Outer nuclear layer
5- Outer plexiform
C
layer H
6- Inner nuclear layer O
7- Inner plexiform R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10
layer O
8- Ganglion cell layer I
9- Nerve fiber layer D
10- Inner limiting
memebrane

DEMO SLIDES

• LAYERS OF CHOROID AND RETINA: PIGMENT EPITHELIUM WHICH HAS

DETACH FROM RETINA

A B
 • SINGLE ROW OF CUBOIDAL CELLS @ POINTER COMPRISE THE PIGMENT
EPITHELIUM W/C DETACH FROM THE REST OF THE RETINA (A)
• SINGLE ROW OF DARK CELLS @ POINTER COMPRISE THE PIGMENT
EPITHELIUM W/C DETACH FROM THE REST OF THE RETINA (B)

Eyelids (palpebrae)
• Upper and lower- thin folds of tissues that protect the anterior portion of the
eyeball
• The external surface is lined is covered by skin while internal surface
is lined by palpebral conjunctiva
• The skin contains some hairs except the free edge of the eyelid where 2-3
rows of course long hairs (eyelashes) project anteriorly
 types of glands
Meibomian glands (mg) Tarsal Plate
numbering 20-25 per eyelid, A fibroelastic plate
atypical sebaceous glands because they that consist the core
are not associated with hair follicles and of the eyelid
they have long ducts into numerous acini Anterior to this are
drain skeletal muscle
located within the tarsal plate, and ducts fibers that comprise
open @ free edge of the eyelid the orbicularis oculi
Moll muscle and at the
Modified apocrine sweat gland upper eyelid-levator
Located @ the dermis and ducts empty palpebrae
into the follicles the eyelashes
Zeis
Sebaceous gland
Smaller than Meibomian gland
Located @ the dermis and ducts empty
into the follicles the eyelashes
Bulbar
conjunctiva
Palbebral
conjunctiva

Tarsal
gland
(meibomia
n)

Tarsal gland
(meibomian
Eyelash (hair )
Follicle)
Orbicularis oculi

Epiderm
is

Glands of Dermis (connective tissue +

Moll adipose tissue)